An Introduction to Methodology of Islamic Jurisprudence (Uşūl al-Fiqh): A Shiite Approach
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Author: Alireza Hodaee
Publisher: MIRI Press
Category: Jurisprudence Principles Bodies
ISBN: 978-9-647741-23-1
Author: Alireza Hodaee
Publisher: MIRI Press
Category: ISBN: 978-9-647741-23-1
visits: 12504
Download: 3503
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- PREFACE
- TRANSLITERATION KEY
- Introductory Discussions
- Definition of the Science of Uşūl al-Fiqh
- Subject-Matter of the Science of Uşūl al-Fiqh
- Benefit of the Science of Uşūl al-Fiqh
- Parts of the Science of Uşūl al-Fiqh
- Convention (al-Wađ‘)
- Varieties of Convention
- Signs of Literal and Figurative Meanings
- Literal Principles
- Usage of One Term in More than One Meaning
- The Juristic-Literal Meaning (al-Ĥaqīqa al-Shar‘iyya)
- The Sound (al-Şaĥīĥ) and What Incorporates Both (al- A‘amm)
- Part I: Discussions of Terms
- CHAPTER 1: THE DERIVED (AL-MUSHTAQQ)
- CHAPTER 2:THE COMMANDS (AL-AWĀMIR)
- Appearance of the Command
- Varieties of Mandatory Acts
- Absolute (al-Muţlaq) and Conditional (al-Mashrūţ)
- Suspended (al-Mu‘allaq) and Definite (al-Munadjdjaz)
- Determinate (al-Ta‘yīnī) and Optional (al-Takhyīrī)
- Individual (al-‘Aynī) and Collective (al-Kifā’ī)
- Extended (al-Muwassa‘) and Constricted (al-Muđayyaq)
- Religiously (al-Ta‘abbudī) and Instrumental (al-Tawaşşulī)
- Varieties of Mandatory Acts and the Absoluteness of the Mode (al-Şīgha)
- Promptitude (al-Fawr) or Belatedness (al-Tarākhī)
- Once (al-Marra) or Repetition (al-Takrār)
- To Command Something Twice
- Denotation of “Command to Command”
- CHAPTER 3: THE PROHIBITIONS (AL-NAWĀHĪ)
- The Desired in the Prohibition
- Denotation of the Prohibition as to Permanence (al-Dawām) and Repetition (al-Takrār)
- CHAPTER 4: IMPLICATURES OF SENTENCES (AL-MAFĀHĪM)
- Varieties of Mafhūm
- 1. Mafhūm of the Condition (al-Sharţ)
- The Criterion for Mafhūm of the Condition
- Conditions Being Multiple While Consequents Being One
- 2. Mafhūm of the Qualifier (al-Waşf)
- The Justifiable Opinion on Mafhūm of the Qualifier
- 3. Mafhūm of the Termination (al-Ghāya)
- 4. Mafhūm of the Exclusivity (al-Ĥaşr)
- 5. Mafhūm of the Number (al-‘Adad)
- 6. Mafhūm of the Designation (al-Laqab)
- Three Important Denotations Not of Kind of Mafhūm or Manţūq: Necessitation (al-Iqtiđā’), Hint (al-Tanbīh), and Implicit Conveyance (al-Ishāra)
- CHAPTER 5: GENERAL (AL-‘ĀMM) AND PARTICULAR (AL-KHĀŞŞ)
- Varieties of Generality
- Terms of Generality
- The Joint Restrictor (al-Mukhaşşiş al-Muttaşil) and the Separate Restrictor (al-Mukhaşşiş al-Munfaşil)
- Usage of the General in the Restricted (al-Mukhaşşaş)
- Authority or Otherwise of the Restricted General in the Remaining (al-Bāqī)
- Penetration or Otherwise of Ambiguity of the Restrictor to the General
- 1. The Dubiety concerning the Concept
- 2. The Dubiety concerning the Instance
- Unlawfulness of Implication of the General before the Quest for the Restrictor
- A General Preceding a Pronoun Which Refers to Some Instances of the General
- An Exception Preceded by Multiple Sentences
- Restriction of the General by Mafhūm
- Restriction of the Book by Single Tradition
- CHAPTER 6: ABSOLUTE (AL-MUŢLAQ) AND QUALIFIED (ALMUQAYYAD)
- Is Absoluteness by Convention?
- Premises of Wisdom (Muqaddimāt al-Ĥikma)
- Contradictory Absolute and Qualified
- CHAPTER 7: AMBIGUOUS (AL-MUDJMAL) AND CLEAR(AL-MUBAYYAN)
- Part II: Intellectual Implications
- CHAPTER 8: REPLACEMENT (AL-IDJZĀ’)
- 1. The Compelling Command
- 2. The Apparent Command
- 2.1. The Replacement with respect to the Authorized Conjectural Proof When the Error Is Revealed with Certainty
- 2.1.1. In the Precepts
- 2.1.2. In the Objects
- 2.2. The Replacement with respect to the Practical Principles When the Error Is Revealed with Certainty
- 2.3. The Replacement with respect to Both Authorized Conjectural Proof and Practical Principle When the Error Is Revealed by an Authoritative Proof
- Change in the Certitude
- CHAPTER 9: THE PRELIMINARY OF THE MANDATORY ACT (MUQADDIMA AL-WĀDJIB)
- CHAPTER 10: THE PROBLEM OF THE OPPOSITE (MAS’ALA AL-ĐIDD)
- 1. The General Opposite (al-Đidd al-‘Āmm)
- 2. The Particular Opposite (al-Đidd al-Khāşş)
- 2.1. The Way of Implication
- 2.2. The Way of Being Preliminary
- The Outcome of This Discussion
- CHAPTER 11: CONJUNCTION OF THE COMMAND AND THE PROHIBITION (IDJTIMĀ‘ AL-AMR WA’L NAHY)
- Conjunction of the Command and the Prohibition with a Way Out
- The Argument for Impossibility
- The Argument for Possibility
- The Outcome of This Discussion
- Conjunction of the Command and the Prohibition without a Way Out
- Not Preceded by Free Will
- Preceded by Misuse of Free Will
- CHAPTER 12: DENOTATION OF PROHIBITION AS TO ANNULMENT(DALĀLA AL-NAHY ALA’L FASĀD)
- Prohibition of Act of Worship (al-‘Ibāda)
- Prohibition of Transaction (al-Mu‘āmala)
- Part III: Discussions of Authority
- INTRODUCTORY DISCUSSIONS OF THE THIRD PART
- The Meaning of al-Ĥudjdja
- Amāra and al-Żann al-Mu‘tabar
- Amāra and the Practical Principle
- The Criterion for Proving Authority of Amāra
- Essentiality of Authority of Certitude (Knowledge, ‘Ilm)
- The Position of Authority of Amāra
- The Particular Conjecture and the Absolute Conjecture
- Preliminaries of the Closure Proof (Dalīl al-Insidād)
- Commonness of Precepts between the Knowledgeable and the Ignorant
- Why Is Amāra an Absolutely Authoritative Proof?
- Amāra Being a Path (Ţarīq) or a Cause (Sabab)
- CHAPTER 13: THE BOOK (AL-KITĀB)
- Abolishment of the Book
- Possibility of Abolishment of the Qur’ān
- Principality of Non-Abolishment
- CHAPTER 14: SUNNA
- Denotation of Act of the Infallible-Innocent Personality
- Denotation of Acknowledgment (Taqrīr) of the Infallible-Innocent Personality
- The Massive Report (al-Khabar al-Mutawātir)
- The Single Report (Khabar al-Wāĥid)
- Proofs of Authority of Single Report from the Book
- Proofs of Authority of Single Report from Sunna
- Proofs of Authority of Single Report from Consensus
- Proofs of Authority of Single Report from the Conduct of the Wise
- CHAPTER 15: CONSENSUS (IDJMĀ‘)
- Sunnī Approach to the Consensus
- Shiite Approach to the Consensus
- CHAPTER 16: THE INTELLECTUAL PROOF (AL-DALĪL AL-‘AQLĪ)
- Justification of Authority of the Intellect
- CHAPTER 17: AUTHORITY OF APPEARANCES (ĤUDJDJIYYA AL-ŻAWĀHIR)
- Justification of the Authority of Appearance
- Authority of the Appearance with regard to Those Whose Communication Is Not Meant
- Authority of Appearances of the Book
- CHAPTER 18: THE CELEBRITY (AL-SHUHRA)
- CHAPTER 19: THE CUSTOM (AL-SĪRA)
- Authority of the Conduct of the Wise
- Authority of the Custom of the People of the Religion
- CHAPTER 20: THE (JURISTIC) ANALOGY (AL- QIYĀS)
- Definition of Qiyās
- Pillars of Qiyās
- Authority of Qiyās
- Provoking Knowledge
- Definite Proofs Proving Authority of Qiyās
- Shiite Position on Qiyās
- CHAPTER 21: EQUILIBRIUM AND PREFRENCES ( AL-TA‘ĀDUL WA’L TARĀDJĪĤ )
- Contradiction (al-Ta‘āruđ)
- Conditions of Contradiction
- Primary Principle as to Contradictory Proofs
- Secondary Principle as to Contradictory Proofs
- Customary Gathering (al-Djam‘ al-‘Urfī)
- Preferrers
- Interference (al-Tazāĥum)
- Sovereignty (al-Ĥukūma) and Entry (al-Wurūd)
- Part IV: The Practical Principles
- Introduction
- CHAPTER 22: THE PRINCIPLE OF CLEARANCE (AŞĀLA AL-BARĀ’A)
- 1. The Dubiety concerning the Precept as to Unlawfulness Because of Lack of the Proof
- 1.1. Uşūlīs’ Proofs of Clearance
- 1.1.1. The Book
- 1.1.2. Sunna
- 1.1.3. Consensus
- 1.1.4. The Intellect
- 1.2. Akhbārīs’ Proofs of Precaution
- 1.2.1. The Book
- 1.2.2. Sunna
- 1.2.3. The Intellect
- 2. The Dubiety concerning the Precept as to Unlawfulness Because of Ambiguity of the Proof
- 3. The Dubiety concerning the Precept as to Unlawfulness Because of Contradiction of Proofs
- 4. The Dubiety concerning the Object as to Unlawfulness
- 5. The Dubiety as to Obligation concerning the Precept Because of Lack of the Proof, Because of Ambiguity of the Proof, Because of Contradiction of Proofs, and concerning the Object
- CHAPTER 23: THE PRINCIPLE OF OPTION (AŞĀLA AL-TAKHYĪR)
- CHAPTER 24: THE PRINCIPLE OF LIABILITY (PRECAUTION) (AŞĀLA AL-IĤTIYĀŢ or ISHTIGHĀL)
- 1. The Dubiety Being over Two Divergent i ngs
- 1.1. The Dubiety concerning Unlawfulness
- 1.1.1. The Dubiety concerning the Object
- 1.1.1.1. The Small-Scale Dubiety (al-Shubha al-Maĥşūra)
- 1.1.1.2. The Large-Scale Dubiety (al-Shubha Ghair al-Maĥşūra)
- 1.1.2. The Dubiety concerning the Precept
- 1.2. The Dubiety concerning Obligation
- 1.2.1. The Dubiety concerning the Precept
- 1.2.1.1. Because of Lack of Proof
- 1.2.1.2. Because of Ambiguity of Proof
- 1.2.1.3. Because of Contradiction of Proofs
- 1.2.2. The Dubiety concerning the Object
- 2. The Dubiety Being over the Least and the Most of One Thing
- 2.1. The Independing Least and Most
- 2.2. The Relational Least and Most
- 2.2.1. The dubiety concerning the precept whether as to unlawfulness or obligation, caused by either lack of proof, ambiguity of proof, or contradiction of proofs
- 2.2.1.1. The dubiety over object of the duty
- 2.2.1.2. The dubiety over causes
- 2.2.2. The dubiety concerning the object whether as to unlawfulness or obligation
- CHAPTER 25: THE PRINCIPLE OF CONTINUITY OF THE PREVIOUS STATE (AŞĀLA AL-ISTIŞĤĀB)
- Constituents of Istişĥāb
- Proofs of Authority of Istişĥāb
- 1. The conduct of the wise
- 2. Ĥadīths
- 2.1. Zurāra’s first authentic ĥadīth
- 2.2. Zurāra’s second authentic ĥadīth
- Secondary Discussions of Istişĥāb
- The Rule of Certainty (Qā‘ida al-Yaqīn)
- Continuity of the Previous State of the Universal (Istişĥāb al-Kullī)
- Selected Bibliography