Alhassanain(p) Network for Heritage and Islamic Thought

53 - المباهلة

53 RECIPROCAL INVOCATION OF ALLAH'S CURSE (mubahila)

278 - المُباهَلَةُ

278 Reciprocal Invocation of Allah's Curse

(فَمَنْ حاجَّكَ فِيهِ مِنْ بَعْدِ ما جَاءَكَ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ فَقُلْ تَعالَوْا نَدْعُ أَبْناءَنا وَأَبْنَاءَكُمْ وَنِساءَنا وَنِساءَكُمْ وَأَنْفُسَنا وَأَنْفُسَكُمْ ثُمَّ نَبْتَهِلْ فَنَجْعَلْ لَعْنَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَى‏ الْكاذِبِينَ)1

“Should anyone argue with you concerning him, after the knowledge that has come to you, say, 'Come! Let us call our sons and your sons, our women and your women, our souls and your souls, then let us pray earnestly and call down Allah's curse upon the liars.” 2

927. ا لإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام - لأبي العبّاسِ في المُباهَلة - : تُشَبِّكُ أصابِعَكَ في أصابِعِهِ ثُمَّ تقولُ: «اللّهُمَّ إنْ كانَ فُلانٌ جَحَدَ حقّاً وأقَرَّ بباطلٍ فأصِبْهُ بِحُسْبانٍ مِن السَّماءِ أو بِعذابٍ مِن عِندِكَ» وتُلاعِنُهُ سَبعينَ مرّةً3

927. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said to Abu al-'Abbas about the reciprocal invocation of Allah's curse, 'You cross your fingers with his fingers and say, 'O Allah! If so-and-so has disputed the truth and attested to a falsehood, then strike him with a bolt from the sky or some torment from You.' Then you exchange curses with him seventy times.'4

928. ا لإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : إنّ نَصارى‏ نَجْرانَ لَمّا وَفَدوا على‏ رسولِ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله وكانَ سيّدُهُم الأهْتَمَ والعاقِبَ والسَّيّدَ فقالوا : إلى‏ ما تَدْعون ؟ فقالَ : إلى‏ شَهادَةِ أنْ لا إلهَ إلّا اللَّهُ وأنّي رسولُ اللَّهِ وأنّ عيسى‏ عَبدٌ مَخلوقٌ يأكُلُ ويَشْرَبُ ويُحْدِثُ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : فباهِلُوني ، فإنْ كُنتُ صادقاً نزلَتِ اللّعنةُ علَيكُم ، وإنْ كنتُ كاذباً اُنزِلَتْ علَيَّ، فقالوا : أنْصَفْتَ ، فتَواعَدوا للمُباهَلةِ

فلَمّا رجَعوا إلى‏ مَنازِلهم قالَ رؤساؤهُم... : إنْ باهَلَنا بقَومِهِ باهَلْناهُ ، فإنَّهُ ليسَ بِنَبيٍّ ، وإنْ باهَلَنا بأهْلِ بَيتِهِ خاصّةً فلا نُباهِلُهُ ، فإنَّهُ لا يُقْدِمُ على‏ أهلِ بيتِهِ إلّا وهُو صادقٌ

فلَمّا أصبَحوا جاؤُوا إلى‏ رسولِ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله ومعَهُ أميرُ المؤمنينَ وفاطمةُ والحسنُ والحسينُ صلوات اللَّه عليهم فَعَرَفوا5 وقالوا لرسولِ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : نُعْطيكَ الرِّضا فَأعْفِنا من المُباهَلة ، فصالَحَهُم رسولُ‏اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله على‏ الجِزيةِ وانْصَرَفُوا6

928. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'When the Christians of Najran came to the Prophet (SAWA), their chiefs were al-Ahtam, al-Aqib and al-Sayyid...they asked, 'To what do you call us?' He said, 'To bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that I am the Messenger of Allah, and that Jesus was a created servant who ate, drank [water] and relieved himself'... the Prophet (SAWA) said, 'Then invoke Allah's curse upon me. If I am telling the truth, the curse will descend upon yourselves and if not, then it will descend upon me.' They said, 'You have spoken fairly.' Then they made an appointment for the challenge. When they returned to their homes, their chiefs told them...'If he comes to invoke curse upon us with his people, we will accept the challenge, because he would not be a prophet, but if he challenges us with his close family, we must not accept, for he would not risk his own family unless he was truthful. When the morning arrived, they came to the Prophet (SAWA), and he was accompanied by the Commander of the Faithful, Fatima, al-Hasan, and al-Husayn...They got scared and said to the Prophet (SAWA), 'We will give you what you want, so spare us this mutual invocation of curse.' The Prophet (SAWA) made a truce with them that they pay the tax (jizya) and they went back.'7

Notes

1. آل عمران : 61 .

2. Qur'an 3 :61

3. الكافي : 2 / 514 / 4 .

4. al-Kafi, v. 2 , p. 514 , no. 4

5. في نور الثقلين : 1 / 347 / 157 نقلاً عن المصدر : «فَفَرِقوا» بدل «فَعرَفوا » .

6. تفسير القمّي : 1 / 104 .

7. Nur al-Thaqalayn, v. 1 , p. 347 , no. 157

54 - البيعة

54 OATH OF ALLEGIANCE

279 - بَيعَةُ النَّبِيِ بَيعَةُ اللَّهِ‏

279 Swearing Allegiance to the Prophet is Swearing Allegiance to Allah

(إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُبايِعُونَكَ إِنَّما يُبايِعُونَ اللَّهَ يَدُ اللَّهِ فَوْقَ أَيْدِيهِمْ فَمَن نَكَثَ فَإِنَّمَا يَنْكُثُ عَلَى‏ نَفْسِهِ وَمَنْ أَوْفَى‏ بِما عاهَدَ عَلَيْهُ اللَّهَ فَسَيُؤْتِيهِ أَجْراً عَظِيماً)1

“Indeed those who swear allegiance to you, swear allegiance only to Allah: the hand of Allah is above their hands. So whosoever breaks his oath, breaks it only to his own detriment, and whoever fulfills the covenant he has made with Allah, He will give him a great reward.” 2

929. ع ليُّ بنُ ابراهيم : ونَزلَتْ في بَيعةِ الرِّضوانِ : (لقد رضِيَ اللَّهُ عن الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِذْ يُبايِعُونَكَ تَحْتَ الشَّجَرَةِ فَعَلِمَ ما في قُلُوبِهِمْ فَأَنْزَلَ السَّكِينَةَ عَلَيهِمْ وَأَثابَهُمْ فَتْحاً قَرِيباً) واشْتَرطَ علَيهِم أنْ لا يُنكِروا بعدَ ذلكَ على‏ رسولِ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله شيئاً يَفعَلُهُ ، ولا يُخالِفوهُ في شي‏ءٍ يأمُرُهُم بهِ ، فقالَ اللَّهُ عزّ وجلّ بعدَ نُزولِ آيةِ الرِّضوانِ : (إنّ الّذينَ يُبايِعونَكَ إِنَّما يُبايِعُونَ اللَّهَ)3

929. Ali b. Ibrahim narrated, 'In the covenant of al-Ridwan it was revealed that:“Allah was certainly pleased with the faithful when they swore allegiance to you under the tree. He knew what was in their hearts...” 4 and He put a condition for them that after that they will never dispute with the Prophet (SAWA) about anything he does, or disobey him in anything he might order them to do. Then Allah, the Exalted, said after that verse:“Indeed those who swear allegiance to you...” 5

930. ص حيح مسلم عن سَلَمةَ بنِ الأكْوَعِ - وقَد سُئل : على‏ أيِّ شَي‏ءٍ بايَعْتُم رسولَ‏اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله يومَ الحُدَيبِيَةِ ؟ - : على‏ المَوتِ6

930. Salama b. al-Akwa, when he was asked, 'Until what term did you give your allegiance to the Prophet (SAWA) on the day of al-Hudaybiyya?', replied, 'Until death.'7

Notes

1. الفتح : 10 .

2. Qur'an 48 :10

3. تفسير القمّي : 2 / 315 .

4. Qur'an 48 :18

5. Tafsir al-Qummi, v. 2 , p. 315

6. صحيح مسلم : 3 / 1486 / 80 .

7. Sahih Muslim, no. 1860

280 - كيفيّةُ بَيعَةِ النِّساءِ

280 Women's Allegiance

(يا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِذَا جاءَكَ الْمُؤْمِناتُ يُبايِعْنَكَ عَلَى‏ أَنْ لا يُشْرِكْنَ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئاً وَلا يَسْرِقْنَ وَلا يَزْنِينَ وَلا يَقْتُلْنَ أَوْلادَهُنَّ وَلا يَأْتِينَ بِبُهْتانٍ يَفْتَرِينَهُ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِنَّ وَأَرْجُلِهِنَّ وَلا يَعْصِينَكَ فِي مَعْرُوفٍ فَبايِعْهُنَّ وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُنَّ اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ)1

“O Prophet! If faithful women come to you, to take the oath of allegiance to you, [pledging] that they shall not ascribe any partners to Allah, that they shall not steal, nor commit adultery, nor kill their children, nor utter any slander that they may have intentionally fabricated, nor disobey you in what is right, then accept their allegiance, and plead for them to Allah for forgiveness. Indeed Allah is all-forgiving, all-merciful.” 2

931. ا لإمامُ‏الجوادُ عليه السلام : كانتْ مُبايَعةُ رسولِ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله النِّساءَ أنْ يَغْمِسَ يَدَهُ في إناءٍ فيهِ ماءٌ ثُمّ يُخرِجُها ، وتَغمِسَ النِّساءُ بأيْديهِنَّ في ذلكَ الإناءِ بالإقْرارِ والإيمانِ باللَّهِ والتّصديقِ برسولِهِ3

931. Imam al-Jawad (AS) said, 'The way in which the women gave allegiance to the Prophet (SAWA) was that he immersed his hand in a bowl filled with water then he took it out. The women then immersed their hands in the bowl as a sign of their acknowledgement and belief in Allah, and belief in his Messenger.'4

Notes

1. الممتحنة : 12 .

2. Qur'an 60 :12

3. تحف العقول : 457 .

4. Tuhaf al-Uqul, no. 457

281 - نَكثُ البَيعَةِ

281 Retraction of Allegiance

(وَأَوْفُوا بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ إِذَا عاهَدْتُمْ وَلا تَنْقُضُوا الْأَيْمانَ بَعْدَ تَوْكِيدِها وَ قَدْ جَعَلْتُمُ اللَّهَ عَلَيْكُمْ كَفِيلاً إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ مَا تَفْعَلُونَ)1

“Fulfill Allah's covenant when you pledge, and do not break [your] oaths after pledging them solemnly” 2

932. ر سولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : ثلاثةٌ لا يُكلِّمُهُمُ اللَّهُ رجُلٌ بايَعَ إماماً لا يُبايِعُهُ إلّا للدُّنيا ، إنْ أعْطاهُ مِنها ما يُريدُ وَفى‏ لَهُ ، وإلّا كَفَّ3

932. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'Three people Allah will not speak to... and a man who gave his allegiance to an Imam only for the sake of this world, such that if he gives him thereof what he wants he keeps his oath, otherwise he turns away.'4

933. ب حار الأنوار عن الإمام عليّ عليه السلام : إنّ في‏النّارِ لَمدينةً يُقالُ لها الحَصِينةُ ، أفَلا تَسْألونّي ما فِيها ؟ فقيلَ لَهُ : وما فِيها يا أميرَ المؤمنينَ؟ قالَ : فيها أيْدي النّاكِثينَ5

933. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'There is a city in Hell named al-Hasina; will you not ask me about it?' He was asked, 'What is in it, O Commander of the Faithful?' He replied, 'In it are the hands of those who violated their covenants.'6

934. ا لإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام - في جوابِ مَن سأله : على‏ ما قاتلتَ طَلحةَ والزُّبيرَ ؟ - : قاتلْتُهُم على‏ نَقْضِهِم بَيْعَتي وقَتْلِهِم شِيعَتي مِن المؤمنينَ7

934. Imam Ali (AS), when someone asked him, 'For what reason did you fight Talha and al-Zubayr?', replied, 'I fought them for violating their oath of allegiance to me and for their killing of my followers (Shia).'8

935. ا لإمامُ الرِّضا عليه السلام : لا يَعْدَمُ المرءُ دائرةَ السّوءِمَعَ نَكْثِ الصَّفْقةِ9

935. Imam al-Rida (AS) said, 'A man will not remain immune from a bad fate when he violates his covenant.'10

Notes

1. النحل : 91 .

2. Qur'an 16 :91

3. الخصال : 107 / 70 .

4. al-Khisal, p. 107 , no. 70

5. بحار الأنوار : 67 / 186 / 7 .

6. Bihar al-Anwar, v. 67 , p. 186 , no. 7

7. كنز العمّال : 44216 .

8. Kanz al-Ummal, no. 44216

9. بحار الأنوار : 67 / 186 / 4 .

10. Bihar al-Anwar, v. 67 , p. 186 , no. 4

282 - بَيعَةُ المُسلِمينَ لِلإمامِ عَلِيٍّ عليه السلام‏

282 The Muslims' Oath of Allegiance To Imam Ali (AS)

936. ا لإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام - في كتابِهِ إلَى أهلِ الكوفَةِ عِندَ مَسيرِهِ مِنَ المَدينَةِ إلى البَصرَةِ - : بايَعَني النّاسُ غَيرَ مُستَكرَهينَ ، ولا مُجبَرينَ ، بَل طائِعينَ مُخَيَّرينَ1

936. Imam Ali (AS) said, in his letter to the people of Kufa on his way from Madina to Basra, 'People swore allegiance to me without being forced nor reluctant, but with the sense of obedience and willingly .'2

937. ا لإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : تَكَأْكَأْتُم علَيَّ تكَأْكُؤَ الإبلِ على‏ حِياضِها ؛ حِرْصاً على‏ بَيْعتي3

937. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'You rushed to me like camels that rush to water, eager to give me your allegiance.'4

Notes

1. نهج البلاغة : الكتاب 1 .

2. Nahj al-Balagha, Letter 1

3. الإرشاد : 1 / 260 .

4. al-Irshad, v. 1 , p. 260

55 - التجارة

55 COMMERCE

283 - فَضلُ التِّجارَةِ

283 The Virtue of Trading

(يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَأْكُلُوا أَمْوَالَكُمْ بَيْنَكُمْ بِالْباطِلِ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ تِجَارَةً عَنْ تَرَاضٍ مِنْكُمْ وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كانَ بِكُمْ رَحِيماً)1

“O you who have faith! Do not eat up your wealth among yourselves unrightfully, but it should be trade by mutual consent. And do not kill yourselves. Indeed Allah is most merciful to you.” 2

938. ا لإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام: تَعرَّضوا للتِّجاراتِ، فإنّ لَكُم فيها غِنىً عمّا في أيْدي النّاسِ ، وإنّ اللَّهَ عزّ وجلّ يُحِبُّ المُحتَرِفَ الأمينَ3

938. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'Practice the various trades, for there is in them independence for you from what is in the hands of others, and indeed Allah loves the one gainfully engaged in a profession.'4

939. ا لإمامُ ‏الصّادقُ عليه السلام: التِّجارةُ تَزيدُ في العقلِ5

939. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'Trading enhances the intellect.'6

Notes

1. النساء : 29 .

2. Qur'an 4 :29

3. وسائل الشيعة : 12 / 4 / 6 .

4. Wasa'il al-Shia, v. 12 , p. 4 , no. 6

5. الكافي : 5 / 148 / 2 .

6. al-Kafi, v. 5 , p. 148 , no. 2

284 - تَركُ التِّجارَةِ

284 Abandoning Trading

940. ا لإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام: تَرْكُ التّجارةِ يَنْقُصُ العقلَ1

940. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'Abandoning trading diminishes the intellect.'2

941. ا لإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام - وقد قالَ لَهُ مُعاذُ بنُ كثيرٍ بَيّاعُ الأكْسِيَةِ : إنّي قد هَمَمْتُ أنْ أدَعَ السُّوقَ وفي يَدي شَي‏ءٌ - : إذَنْ يَسْقُطَ رأيُكَ ولا يُسْتعانَ بكَ على‏ شي‏ءٍ3

941. Imam al-Sadiq (AS), when the clothes merchant, Muadh b. Kathir told him, 'I intend to leave the market while I have some money in hand', said, 'Then regard for you will fall and you will not be sought for help with anything.'4

Notes

1. الكافي : 5 / 148 / 1 .

2. Ibid. no. 1

3. الكافي : 5 / 149 / 10 .

4. Ibid. p. 149 , no. 10

285 - آدابُ التِّجارَةِ

285 The Etiquette of Trading

942. ر سولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : مَن باعَ واشْتَرى‏ فلْيَجْتَنِبْ‏خَمسَ خِصالٍ، وإلّا فلا يَبيعَنَّ ولا يَشْتَرِيَنَّ: الرِّبا ، والحَلْفَ ، وكِتْمانَ العَيبِ ، والحمدَ إذا باعَ ، والذَّمَّ إذا اشْتَرى‏1

942. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'Whoever sells or buys must avoid five habits, or he should not sell or buy at all: usury, [false] oaths, hiding the defects [of merchandise], praising what he sells, and showing disaproval for what he intends to buy.'2

943. ا لإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : التّاجرُ الجَبانُ مَحرومٌ ، والتّاجرُ الجَسورُ مَرزوقٌ3

943. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'The timid merchant is often deprived and the bold merchant is often endowed with profit.'4

944. ا لإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : يا مَعشَر التُّجّارِ ، الفِقْهَ ثُمَ‏المَتْجَرَ ، الفِقْهَ ثُمّ المَتْجَرَ، الفِقْهَ ثُمّ‏المَتْجَرَ5

944. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'O merchants! Knowledge [of trading laws] first, then the trade itself! Knowledge first, then trade! Knowledge first, then trade!'6

945. ا لإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : يا مَعشرَ التُّجّارِ، قَدِّموا الاسْتِخارةَ ، وتَبرَّكوا بالسُّهولةِ ، واقتَرِبوا مِن المُبْتاعِينَ ، وتَزَيَّنوا بالحِلْمِ ، وتَناهَوا عن اليَمينِ، وجانِبوا الكَذِبَ ، وتَخافوا (تَجافَوا) عنِ الظُّلْمِ ، وأنْصِفوا المظلومِينَ، ولا تَقْرَبوا الرِّبا، وأوْفُوا الكَيْلَ والمِيزانَ، ولا تَبْخَسوا النّاسَ أشياءهُم، ولاتَعْثَوا في الأرضِ مُفسدينَ‏7 8

945. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'O merchants! Start off by seeking a good outcome from Allah, seek the blessing in easy conduct, draw near to customers, beautify yourselves with clemency, refrain from oaths, abandon lies, avoid wronging, be fair to those being wronged, stay away from usury, and“Observe fully the measure and the balance, with justice, and do not cheat the people of their goods, and do not act wickedly on the earth, causing corruption.” 9 10

946. ا لإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : مَن أرادَ التّجارةَ فلْيَتَفقَّهْ في دِينِهِ لِيَعلمَ بذلكَ ما يَحِلُّ لَهُ مِمّا يَحْرُمُ علَيهِ ، ومَن لَم يَتَفقّهْ في دِينِهِ ثُمّ اتّجَرَ تَورَّطَ الشُّبُهاتِ11

946. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'Whoever wants to trade must learn his religion thoroughly in order to know what is allowed and what is forbidden for him; and whoever does not learn about his religion and then practices trading will certainly get entangled into uncertainties and problems.'12

947. ا لإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : أيُّما مسلِمٍ أقالَ مسلِماً بَيعَ نَدامَةٍأقالَهُ اللَّهُ‏عزّ وجلّ عَثْرتَهُ يَومَ القيامةِ13

947. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'Any Muslim who excuses another Muslim for a regrettable deal, Allah, the Exalted, will forgive his lapse on the Day of Judgment.'14

(اُنظر) التنمية الاقتصادية في الكتاب والسنة / الفصل الرابع : السّوق المال : باب 1671

(See also: WEALTH: section 1671 )

Notes

1. بحار الأنوار : 103 / 95 / 18 .

2. Bihar al-Anwar, v. 103 , p. 95 , no. 18

3. كنز العمّال : 9293 .

4. Kanz al-Ummal, no. 9293

5. الكافي : 5 / 150 / 1 .

6. al-Kafi, v. 5 , p. 150 , no. 1

7. إشارة إلى الآية 85 من سورة هود .

8. بحار الأنوار : 78 / 54 / 100 ، واُنظر وسائل الشيعة : 12 / 284 / 1 .

9. Qur'an 11 :84,85

10. Bihar al-Anwar, v. 78 , p. 54 , no. 100

11. وسائل الشيعة : 12 / 283 / 4 .

12. Wasa'il al-Shia, v. 12 , p. 283 , no. 4

13. وسائل الشيعة : 12 / 287 / 4 .

14. Ibid. p. 287 , no. 4

286 - النّهيُ عن التطفيف‏

286 The Prohibition of Cheating [By Giving Less Than Due] In Trade

(وَيْلٌ لِلْمُطَفِّفِينَ * الَّذِينَ إِذَا اكْتَالُوا عَلَى‏ النَّاسِ يَسْتَوْفُونَ * وَإِذَا كالُوهُمْ أَو وَزَنُوهُمْ يُخْسِرُونَ)1

“Woe to the defrauders who use short measures, who, when they measure [a commodity bought] from the people, take the full measure, but diminish when they measure or weigh for them.” 2

(اُنظر) الأنعام : 152 و هود : 84 ، 85 و الشعراء : 181 - 183 و الرحمن : 7 - 9

(See also: Qur'an 6:152, 11:84-85, 26:181-183, 55:7-9)

948. ر سولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : إذا وَزَنْتُم فأرْجِحوا3

948. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'When you weigh, tip the balance [in favor of the customer].'4

949. ا لإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام :لا يكونُ الوفاءُ حتّى‏ يَميلَ‏المِيزانُ5

949. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'The deal is not fulfilled until the balance is tipped [in favor of the customer].'6

Notes

1. المطفّفين : 1 - 3 .

2. Qur'an 83 :1-3

3. كنز العمّال : 9442 .

4. Kanz al-Ummal, no. 9442

5. الكافي : 5 / 159 / 1 .

6. al-Kafi, v. 5 , p. 159 , no. 1

287 - حَثُّ التّاجرِ عَلَى التَّصَدُّقِ‏

287 Enjoinment Upon The Trader To Give Charity

950. ر سولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : يا مَعشرَ التُّجّارِ ، إنَّ هذاالبَيْعَ يَحضُرُهُ اللّغوُ والحَلفُ ، فَشُوبُوهُ بالصّدَقةِ1

950. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'O merchants! Satan and sin are always present during the trade, so mix your trades with charity.'2

Notes

1. كنز العمّال : 9439 .

2. Kanz al-Ummal, no. 9440

288 - التَّساهُلُ فِي البَيعِ وَالشِّراءِ

288 Leniency in Selling and Buying

951. ر سولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : رَحِمَ اللَّهُ عبداً سَمْحاً إذا باعَ، سَمْحاً إذا اشْتَرى‏، سَمحاً إذا قضى‏، سَمحاً إذا اقْتَضى‏1

951. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'May Allah bestow mercy on someone who is liberal when he sells, when he buys, when he judges, and when he is judged.'2

952. ا لإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام - لِرجُلٍ يُوصيهِ ومَعهُ سِلْعَةٌ يَبيعُها - : سَمِعْتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله يقولُ : السَّماحُ وَجهٌ مِن الرِّباحِ3

952. Imam Ali (AS) once admonished a man who was selling something, 'I heard the Prophet (SAWA) saying, 'Leniency is one way to profit.'4

Notes

1. كنز العمّال : 9453 .

2. Ibid. no. 9453

3. وسائل الشيعة : 12 / 288 / 4 .

4. Wasa'il al-Shia, v. 12 , p. 288 , no. 4

289 - المُماكَسَةِ

289 Bargaining

953. ر سولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : يا عليُّ ، لا تُماكِسْ في أربَعةِ أشياءَ : في شِراءِ الاُضْحِيّةِ ، والكفَنِ ، والنَّسَمةِ ، والكَرْيِ إلى‏ مَكّةَ1

953. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'O Ali! Do not bargain for four things: when selling the sacrificial animal [for the obligatory pilgrimage], the shroud, the servant, and transportation to Makkah.'2

954. ا لإمام عليٌّ عليه السلام : ماكِس عَن دِرهَمَيكَ ؛ فَإنَّ المَغبونَ لا مَحمودٌ ولا مَأجورٌ3

954. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'Bargain even for two dirhams, as he who is wronged is neither praised nor is he rewarded.'4

Notes

1. الخصال : 245 / 103 .

2. al-Khisal, p. 245 , no. 103

3. ربيع الأبرار : 4 / 139 .

4. Rabi al-Abrar, v. 4 , p. 139

290 - التَّسويَةُ بَينَ المُماكِسِ وغَيرِهِ‏

290 Equality Between One Who Bargains And One Who Does Not

955. ا لإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام - في رجُلٍ عِندَهُ بَيْعٌ ، فَسَعّرَهُ سِعْراً مَعلوماً ، فمَنْ سَكَتَ عنهُ مِمّنْ يَشْتري مِنهُ باعَهُ بذلكَ السِّعْرِ ، ومَن ماكَسَهُ وأبى‏ أنْ يَبْتاعَ مِنهُ زادَهُ - : لو كانَ يَزيدُ الرَّجُلَينِ والثَّلاثةَ لم يَكُنْ بذلكَ بَأسٌ ، فأمَّا أنْ يَفعَلَهُ بمَن أبى‏ علَيهِ وكايَسَهُ ويَمْنَعَهُ مِمَّن لَم يَفْعَلْ ذلك فلا يُعْجِبُني إلّا أنْ يَبيعَهُ بَيْعاً واحِداً1

955. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said regarding a man who has a commodity and marks it for sale at a certain price; he would sell it to any silent buyer for the marked price, but he would make a better offer for the bargainer: 'If he were to make a better offer for two or three men, it would not be a problem; but if he does that for everyone who bargains with him and not for non-bargainers, his deed would not appeal to me, unless he sells it all in one deal.'2

Notes

1. الكافي : 5 / 152 / 10 .

2. al-Kafi, v. 5 , p. 152 , no. 10

291 - رِبحُ المُؤمِنِ عَلَى المُؤمِنِ‏

291 The Profit of A Believer From Another

956. ا لإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : رِبْحُ المؤمنِ على‏ المؤمنِ رِبا ، إلّاأنْ يَشْتريَ بأكْثَرَ مِن مائةِ دِرْهَمٍ فاربَحْ علَيهِ قُوتَ يَومِكَ ، أو يَشْتَرِيَهُ للتِّجارةِ فارْبَحُوا علَيهِم وارْفُقوا بهِم1

956. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'The profit of a believer from another is usury, unless he buys with more than one hundred dirhams, whereupon you can profit as much as your day's sustenance; or if he buys it for trading, then you can profit, but be moderate with them.'2

957. ا لإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام - وقد سُئلَ عنِ الخَبَرِ الّذي رُويَ‏أنّ رِبْحَ المؤمنِ على‏ المؤمنِ رِبا ، ما هُو ؟ - : ذاكَ إذا ظَهرَ الحقُّ وقامَ قائمُنا أهلَ البيتِ ، فأمّا اليومَ فلا بأسَ3

957. Imam al-Sadiq (AS), when he was asked about the statement: 'The profit of a believer from another is usury', replied, 'That is when equity prevails, and our Qa?im [i.e. the Mahdi] appears; but for now, it does not matter.'4

Notes

1. الكافي : 5 / 154 / 22 .

2. Ibid. p. 154 , no. 22

3. وسائل الشيعة : 12 / 294 / 4 .

4. Wasa'il al-Shia, v. 12 , p. 294 , no. 4

292 - فُجورُ التُّجّارِ

292 The Iniquity of Merchants

958. ك نز العمّال عن رسول اللَّه صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : إنّ التُّجّارَ هُمُ‏الفُجّارُ قالوا : يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أليسَ قد أحلَّ اللَّهُ البَيْعَ؟ قالَ : بلى‏، ولكنَّهُم يُحَدِّثونَ فيَكْذِبونَ، ويَحْلِفونَ فيَأثَمونَ1

958. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'Verily the merchants are the debauchers.' They asked, 'O Messenger of Allah! But has Allah not made trading lawful?' He said, 'Yes, but they lie when they speak, and they take [false] oaths and incur sins.'2

959. ك نز العمّال : كان عليٌّ عليه السلام يَجي‏ء إلى‏ السُّوقِ فيقومُ مَقاماً له ، فيقولُ : السّلامُ عليكم أهلَ السُّوقِ ، اتَّقوا اللَّهَ في الحَلْفِ ، فإنّ الحَلفَ يُزجي‏السِّلْعَةَ ويَمْحَقُ البَرَكةَ، التّاجرُ فاجرٌ إلّا مَن أخذَ الحقَّ وأعْطاهُ3

959. It is narrated in Kanz al-Ummal: 'Ali (AS) used to go to the market and stand in his usual place to say, 'Peace be upon you, O people of the market! Fear Allah in your oaths, for the oath degrades the commodity and drives away the blessing. The merchant is iniquitous except for he who takes and gives only what is right.'4

Notes

1. كنز العمّال : 9451 .

2. Kanz al-Ummal, no. 9451

3. كنز العمّال : 10043 .

4. Ibid. no. 10043

293 - حَثُّ التُّجارِ عَلى الصِّدقِ‏

293 Enjoinment of the Merchant's Veracity

960. ر سولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : التّاجرُ الأمينُ الصَّدوقُ المسلِمُ معَ الشّهداءِ يَومَ القيامةِ1

960. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'The trustworthy honest Muslim merchant will be with the martyrs on the Day of Judgment.'2

961. ر سولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : التّاجرُ الصّدوقُ تحتَ ظِلِّ العَرشِ يَومَ القيامةِ3

961. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'The honest merchant will be in the shade of the Throne on the Day of Judgment.'4

962. ر سولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : ثلاثةٌ لا يَنْظُرُ اللَّهُ إلَيهِم والمُزَكّي سِلْعَتَهُ بالكَذِبِ5

962. The Prophet (SAWA), 'Three types of men at whom Allah will not look [mercifully]: and the one who promotes his commodity by lying.'6

Notes

1. كنز العمّال : 9216 .

2. Ibid. no. 9216

3. كنز العمّال : 9218 .

4. Ibid. no. 9218

5. بحار الأنوار : 75 / 211 / 6 .

6. Bihar al-Anwar, v. 75 , p. 211 , no. 6

294 - التَّحذيرُ مِنَ الحَلفِ فِي التِّجارَةِ

294 The One Who Promotes His Commodity By Oaths

963. ا لإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : يا مَعاشرَ السَّماسِرَةِ، أقِلّوا الأيْمانَ ، فإنّها مَنفَقَةٌ للسِّلْعَةِ ، مَمْحَقَةٌ للرِّبْحِ1

963. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'O brokers! Curb your use of oaths, for they promote the commodity while obliterating the profit.'2

964. ا لإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : إنّ اللَّهَ تباركَ وتعالى‏ لَيُبْغِضُ المُنَفِّق سِلْعتَهُ بالأيْمانِ3

964. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'Allah, Blessed and most High, loathes the one who promotes his commodity by oaths.'4

Notes

1. الكافي : 5 / 162 / 2 .

2. al-Kafi, v. 5 , p. 162 , no. 2

3. الأمالي للصدوق : 571 / 775 .

4. Amali al-Saduq, p. 390 , no. 6