Alhassanain(p) Network for Heritage and Islamic Thought

1676 - تَشييعُ الجَنازَةِ

1676. ATTENDING FUNERAL PROCESSIONS

5877. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : سِرْ سَنتَينِ بِرَّ والِدَيكَ ، سِرْ سَنةً صِلْ رَحِمَكَ ، سِرْ مِيلاً عُدْ مَريضاً ، سِرْ مِيلَينِ شَيِّعْ جَنازَةً1

5877. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'Travel [i.e. walk] two years [in distance] to do good to your parents, travel one year to reconcile with your kin, travel a mile [in distance] to visit a sick person, and travel two miles [in distance] to attend a funeral procession.'2

5878. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : علَيكُم بالسَّكِينَةِ ، علَيكُم بالقَصدِ في المَشيِ بجَنائزِكُم3

5878. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'You must walk quietly, and in deliberation when walking in your funeral processions.'4

5879. الدعوات : كانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله إذا تَبِعَ جَنازَةً غَلَبَتهُ كآبَةٌ ، وأكثَرَ حَديثَ النَّفسِ ، وأقَلَّ الكلامَ5

5879. It is narrated in al-Daawat: When the Prophet (SAWA) followed a funeral procession, grief would overcome him and he would increase in speaking to his own self, and lessen his talking.6

5880. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : أوّلُ ما يُتحَفُ بهِ المؤمنُ يُغفَرُ لِمَن تَبِعَ جَنازتَهُ7

5880. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'The first gift that a believer is able to bestow [others after his death] is that those who follow his funeral procession are forgiven.'8

5881. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : يَنبَغي لأولياءِ المَيّتِ أن يُؤْذِنوا إخوانَ المَيّتِ بمَوتهِ ، فيَشهَدونَ جَنازَتَهُ ويُصَلُّونَ علَيهِ ، فيُكسِبُ لَهُمُ الأجرَ ويُكسِبُ لِمَيّتهِ الاستِغفارَ9

5881. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'It is a must for the guardians of the corpse to inform the brothers of the deceased person of his death so that they can attend his funeral and perform the prayers for him, so that they may be rewarded on account of him and the deceased person will be forgiven.'10

(اُنظر) الزّواج ، باب 887

(See also: MARRIAGE: section 887)

Notes

1. النوادر للراوندي : 92 / 29

2. Nawadir al-Rawandi, p. 5

3. الأمالي للطوسي : 383 / 827

4. Amali al-Saduq, p. 383, no. 827

5. الدعوات : 259 / 736

6. al-Daawat, p. 259, no. 736

7. الكافي : 3 / 173 / 3

8. al-Kafi, v. 3, p. 173, no. 3

9. علل الشرائع : 301 / 1

10. Ilal al-Sharai, p. 301, no. 1

1677 - دفنُ المَيِّتِ‏

1677. BURRYING THE DEAD

5882. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : إذا ماتَ المَيِّتُ أوّلَ النَّهارِ فلا يَقيلُ إلّا في قَبرِهِ1

5882. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'If a person dies at the beginning of the day then he should not spend that night anywhere other than in his grave.'2

5883. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : لاتَدفِنوا مَوتاكُم باللّيلِ إلّا أن تَضطَرُّوا3

5883. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'Do not bury your dead in the night unless you are compelled to.'4

5884. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : إنّ أرحَمَ ما يَكونُ اللَّهُ بالعَبدِ إذا وُضِعَ في حُفرَتِهِ5

5884. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'The most merciful Allah is towards His servant is when he is put in the hole of his grave.'6

5885. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : أمَرَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله أن نَدفِنَ مَوتانا وَسطَ قَومٍ صالِحينَ ؛ فإنّ المَوتى‏ يَتأذّونَ بجارِ السَّوءِ كما يَتأذّى‏ بهِ الأحياءُ7

5885. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'The Messenger of Allah (SAWA) ordered us to bury our dead in the midst of righteous people, for the dead are hurt by evil neighbours in the same way that living people are.'8

Notes

1. الكافي : 3 / 138 / 2

2. al-Kafi, v. 3, p. 138, no. 2

3. كنز العمّال : 42385

4. Kanz al-Ummal, no. 42385

5. كنز العمّال : 42386

6. Ibid. no. 42386

7. كنز العمّال : 42916

8. Ibid. no. 42916

1678 - ما يَتبَعُ الإنسانَ بَعدَ المَوتِ‏

1678. WHAT FOLLOWS A PERSON AFTER HIS DEATH

5886. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : يَتبَعُ المَيّتَ ثلاثةٌ : أهلُهُ ومالُهُ وعمَلُهُ ، فيَرجِعُ اثنانِ ويَبقى‏ واحِدٌ ؛ يَرجِعُ أهلُهُ ومالُهُ ، ويَبقى‏ عَمَلُهُ1

5886. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'Three things follow a dead person: his family, his wealth and his actions. Two go back and one stays: his family and wealth go back and his actions stay [with him].'2

5887. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : سِتّةٌ يَلحَقنَ المؤمنَ بعدَ وَفاتِهِ : ولدٌ يَستَغفِرُ لَهُ ، ومصحَفٌ يُخَلِّفُهُ ، وغَرسٌ يَغرِسُهُ ، وصَدَقَةُ ماءٍ يُجريهِ، وقَليبٌ يَحفِرُهُ ، وسُنّةٌ يُؤخَذُ بها مِن بَعدِهِ3

5887. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'Six things benefit a person after he passes away: a child who seeks forgiveness for him, a copy of the Qur'an which he leaves behind, a plant that he planted, water that he donated in charity, a well that he had dug, and a tradition that others take from him and [practise] after him.'4

(اُنظر) العمل : باب 1383 ؛ السنة : باب 986 ؛ المعاد : باب 1394

(See also: ACTION: section 1383; HABITIUAL PRACTICE: section 986; RESURRECTION: section 1394)

Notes

1. كنز العمّال : 42761

2. Ibid. no. 42761

3. كتاب من لا يحضره الفقيه : 1 / 185 / 555

4. al-Faqih, v. 1, p. 185, no. 555

368 - المال‏

368. WEALTH

1679 - المالُ مادَّةُ الشَّهَواتِ‏

1679. WEALTH IS THE SUBSTANCE OF DESIRES

( الْمَالُ وَالْبَنُونَ زِينَةُ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا والبَاقِيَاتُ الصَّالِحَاتُ خَيْرٌ عِنْدَ رَبِّكَ ثَواباً وَخَيْرٌ أَمَلاً)1

“Wealth and children are an adornment of the life of this world, but lasting righteous deeds are better with your Lord in reward and better in hope.” 2

5888. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : إنّ الدِّينارَ والدِّرهَمَ أهلَكا مَن كانَ قَبلَكُم ، وهُما مُهلِكاكُم3

5888. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'Dinars and dirhams ruined those before you and will ruin you too.'4

5889. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : قالَ الشّيطانُ لَعَنهُ اللَّهُ : لَن يَسلَمَ مِنّي صاحِبُ المالِ من إحدى‏ ثلاثٍ أغدو علَيهِ بهِنَّ وأرُوحُ : أخذُهُ مِن غيرِ حِلِّهِ ، وإنفاقُهُ في غيرِ حَقِّهِ ، واُحَبِّبُهُ إلَيهِ فيَمنَعُهُ مِن حَقِّهِ5

5889. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'Satan, may Allah curse him, said, 'The owner of wealth will not be safe from me in three things that I will overcome him with and leave thereafter: his acquisition of it from unlawful places, his spending it in its unrightful place, and I will make him love it so much that he will deprive it to its rightful due.'6

5890. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : المالُ مادَّةُ الشَّهَواتِ.7

5890. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'Wealth is the substance of desires.'8

5891. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : المالُ يُقَوِّي الآمالَ9

5891. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'Money strengthens expectations.'10

Notes

1. الكهف : 46

2. Quran 18 :46

3. الكافي : 2 / 316 / 6

4. al-Kafi, v. 2, p. 316, no. 6

5. الترغيب والترهيب : 4 / 182 / 68

6. al-Targhib wa al-Tarhib, v. 4, p. 182, no. 68

7. نهج البلاغة: الحكمة 58

8. Nahj al-Balagha, Saying 58

9. غرر الحكم : 577

10. Ghurar al-Hikam, no. 577

1680 - آثارُ حُبِّ المالِ‏

1680. THE EFFECTS OF LOVING WEALTH

( وَتُحِبُّونَ الْمَالَ حُبّاً جَمّاً)1

“And you love wealth with much fondness.” 2

5892. عيسى عليه السلام : لا تَنظُروا إلى‏ أموالِ أهلِ الدُّنيا ؛ فإنّ بَرِيقَ أموالِهِم يَذهَبُ بنُورِ إيمانِكُم3

5892. Prophet Jesus (AS) said, 'Do not look at the wealth of the people of this world, for the glitter of their wealth will take away the light of your faith.'4

5893. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : المالُ يُفسِدُ المآلَ ، ويُوَسِّعُ الآمالَ5

5893. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'Wealth corrupts the ultimate goal and heightens one's expectations.'6

5894. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : حُبُّ المالِ يُوهِنُ الدِّينَ ، ويُفسِدُ اليَقينَ7

5894. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'The love of wealth weakens one's religion and corrupts one's conviction.'8

Notes

1. الفجر : 20

2. Quran 89 :20

3. المحجّة البيضاء : 7 / 328

4. al-Mahajjat al-Bayda?, v. 7, p. 328

5. غرر الحكم : 1427

6. Ghurar al-Hikam, no. 1427

7. غرر الحكم : 4876

8. Ibid. no. 4876

1681 - حُبُّ المالِ مِنَ الحَلالِ‏

1681. LOVE FOR LAWFUL WEALTH

5895. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : نِعمَ المالُ الصّالِحُ للرّجُلِ الصّالِحِ1

5895. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'Blessed is the righteous wealth for a righteous man.'2

5896. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : الغِنى‏ في الغُربَةِ وَطَنٌ ، والفَقرُ في الوَطَنِ غُربَةٌ3

5896. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'Richness in a foreign place is like one's homeland, and poverty in one's homeland is like being a foreigner in it...'4

5897. الإمامُ زينُ العابدينَ عليه السلام : اِستِثمارُ المالِ تَمامُ المُرُوَّةِ5

5897. Imam Zayn al-Abidin (AS) said, 'Utilising wealth completes gallantry.'6

5898. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام: لا خَيرَ فيمَن لا يُحِبُّ جَمعَ المالِ مِن حَلالٍ ، يَكُفُّ بهِ وَجهَهُ ويَقضي بهِ دَينَهُ ويَصِلُ بهِ رَحِمَهُ7

5898. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'There is no good in he who does not love to earn lawful wealth with which he can protect his honour, repay his debts and maintain relations with his kin.'8

Notes

1. تنبيه الخواطر : 1 / 158

2. Tanbih al-Khawatir, v. 1, p. 158

3. نهج البلاغة : الحكمة 56

4. Nahj al-Balagha, Saying 56

5. الكافي : 1 / 20 / 12

6. al-Kafi, v. 1, p. 20, no. 12

7. الكافي : 5 / 72 / 5

8. Ibid. v. 5, p. 72, no. 5

1682 - ذَمُّ كَثرَةِ المالِ‏

1682. REPROACHING OF EXCESSIVE WEALTH

( وَالَّذِينَ يَكْنِزُونَ الذَّهَبَ وَالْفِضَّةَ وَلا يُنْفِقُونَهَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَبَشِّرْهُمْ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ)1

“Those who treasure up gold and silver, and do not spend it in the way of Alla, inform them of a painful punishment.” 2

(اُنظر) القصص : 76 ، 82 والمعارج : 18 والكهف : 34 والحديد : 20 والتوبة : 69ويونس : 88 وسبأ : 35

(See also: Qur'an 28:76, 28:82, 70:18, 18:34, 77:20, 9:69, 10:88, 34:35)

5899. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : فيما ناجَى اللَّهُ عَزَّوجلَّ بهِ موسى‏ عليه السلام : لا تَغبِطْ أحَداً بكَثرَةِ المالِ ؛ فإنَّ مَعَ كَثرَةِ المالِ تَكثُرُ الذُّنوبُ لِواجِبِ الحُقوقِ3

5899. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) narrated, 'In an intimate conversation that Allah had with Prophet Moses (AS), He said, 'Do not envy anyone for having excessive wealth, for with excessive wealth sins increase in [trespassing] obligatory rights.'4

5900. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : ما أخشى‏ علَيكُمُ الفَقرَ ، ولكنّي أخشى‏ علَيكُمُ التَّكاثُرَ5

5900. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'I do not fear poverty for you, but I fear you vying in your excessive wealth.'6

5901. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : كَثرَةُ المالِ تُفسِدُ القُلوبَ وتُنشِئُ الذُّنوبَ7

5901. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'Too much wealth corrupts the hearts and produces sins.'8

5902. الإمامُ الحسينُ عليه السلام : مالُكَ إن لَم يَكُنْ لَكَ كُنتَ لَهُ ، فلا تُبقِ علَيهِ فإنّهُ لا يُبقي علَيكَ ، وكُلْهُ قَبلَ أن يَأكُلَكَ9 !10

5902. Imam Husayn (AS) said, 'Your wealth is such that if you do not control it, it will control you, so do not save any of it for it will not stay for you. Consume it before it consumes you.'11

5903. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : ما كَثُرَ مالُ رجُلٍ قَطُّ إلّا عَظُمَتِ الحُجّةُ للَّهِ تعالى‏ علَيهِ ، فإن قَدَرتُم أن تَدفَعوها عَن أنفُسِكُم فافعَلوا ، فقيلَ : بماذا ؟ قالَ : بقَضاءِ حَوائجِ إخوانِكُم مِن أموالِكُم12

5903. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'Whenever one's wealth increases, Allah's evidence against him increases. So, if you are able to push it away from yourselves then do so. He was asked, 'How?' He replied, 'By fulfilling the needs of your brothers from your wealth.'13

5904. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : طَلَبتُ فَراغَ القلبِ فوَجَدتُهُ في قِلَّةِ المالِ14

5904. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'I sought after comfort of my heart and I found it in having little wealth.'15

5905. الإمامُ الرِّضا عليه السلام : لا يَجتَمِعُ المالُ إلّا بخِصالٍ خَمسٍ : بِبُخلٍ شَديدٍ ، وأمَلٍ طَويلٍ ، وحِرصٍ غالِبٍ ، وقَطيعَةِ الرَّحِمِ ، وإيثارِ الدُّنيا علَى الآخِرَةِ16

5905. Imam al-Rida (AS) said, 'Wealth can only be gathered through five means: through intense miserliness, high expectation, overcoming greed, cutting of kinship, and preferring this world over the Hereafter.'17

Notes

1. التوبة : 34

2. Quran 9 :34

3. الكافي : 2 / 135 / 21

4. al-Kafi, v. 2, p. 135, no. 21

5. كنز العمّال : 6139

6. Kanz al-Ummal, no. 6139

7. غرر الحكم : 7109

8. Ghurar al-Hikam, no. 7109

9. الدرّة الباهرة : 24

10. ولنعم ما قيل في تفسير الزّهد أ نّه «ليس الزُّهدُ أن لا تَملِكَ شيئاً ، بلِ الزُّهدُ أن لا يَملِكَكَ شي‏ءٌ »

11. al-Durra al-Bahira, p. 24

12. الأمالي للطوسي : 302 / 600

13. Amali al-Tusi, p. 302, no. 600

14. مستدرك الوسائل : 12 / 174 / 13810

15. Mustadrak al-Wasa?il, v. 12, p. 174, no. 13810

16. الخصال : 282 / 29

17. al-Khisal, p. 282, no. 29

1683 - مَن كَسَبَ مالاً مِن غَيرِ حِلِّهِ‏

1683. HE WHO ACQUIRES WEALTH FROM ILLEGITIMATE SOURCES

5906. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : مَن كَسَبَ مالاً مِن غيرِ حِلِّهِ أفقَرَهُ اللَّهُ1

5906. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'Allah will empoverish whoever acquires wealth from an illegitimate source.'2

5907. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : مَن لَم يُبالِ مِن أينَ اكتَسَبَ المالَ لَم يُبالِ اللَّهُ مِن أينَ أدخَلَهُ النّارَ3

5907. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'He who does not care whence he acquires wealth, Allah will not care whence He will make him enter Hell.'4

5908. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : مَن يَكسِبْ مالاً مِن غَيرِ حَقِّهِ يَصرِفْهُ في غَيرِ أجرِهِ5

5908. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'He who acquires wealth from an unlawful source will spend it in a place where he will have no recompense thereof.'6

5909. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : مَن كَسَبَ مالاً مِن غَيرِ حِلِّهِ سُلِّطَ علَيهِ البِناءُ والطِّينُ والماءُ7

5909. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'He who acquires wealth from illegitimate sources, the building, the soil and the water [of those places] will reign over him.'89

5910. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : مَن طَلَبَ المالَ بغَيرِ حَقٍّ حُرِمَ بَقاءهُ لَهُ بِحَقٍّ10

5910. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'He who acquires wealth unrightfully will be rightfully prevented from keeping it.'11

(اُنظر) عنوان 113 «الحلال»

(See also: THE LAWFUL 113)

Notes

1. الأمالي للطوسي : 182 / 306

2. Amali al-Tusi, p. 182, no. 306

3. بحار الأنوار : 103 / 13 / 63

4. Bihar al-Anwar, v. 103, p. 13, no. 63

5. تحف العقول : 94

6. Tuhaf al-Uqul, p. 94

7. المحاسن : 2 / 445 / 2528

8. al-Mahasin, v. 2, p. 455, no. 2528

9. Meaning he will be caught up with useless and sometimes harmful construction and building.

10. تحف العقول : 321

11. Tuhaf al-Uqul, p. 321

1684 - المالُ ما أفادَ الرِّجالَ‏

1684. WEALTH IS WHAT BENEFITS MEN

5911. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : إنّ لكَ في مالِكَ ثلاثاً شُرَكاءَ : أنتَ، والتّلَفُ، والوارِثُ، فإنِ استَطَعتَ أن لا تكونَ أعجَزَهُم فافعَلْ1

5911. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'You are three partners in your wealth: you, your losses, and your heir, so if you can try not to be the weakest of them then do so.'2

5912. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : يقولُ ابنُ آدمَ : مُلكي مُلكي ! ومالي مالي ! يامِسكينُ ! أينَ كنتَ حيثُ كانَ المُلكُ ولَم تَكُن ، وهَل لكَ إلّا ما أكَلتَ فأفنَيتَ ، أو لَبِستَ فأبلَيتَ ، أو تَصَدَّقتَ فأبقَيتَ ؟! إمّا مَرحومٌ بهِ وإمّا مُعاقَبٌ علَيهِ ، فاعقِلْ أن لا يكونَ مالُ غيرِكَ أحَبَّ إلَيكَ مِن مالِكَ3

5912. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'The son of Adam says: 'My property, my property! My wealth, my wealth!' - O poor man! Where were you when there was property but not you, and do you possess anything other than what you eat and emit, or wear and wear out, or did you donate so it stayed?! Either you will be had mercy on as a result of it [i.e. your wealth] or punished on account of it. So, beware lest that wealth which is not yours be more beloved to you than your own wealth.'4

5913. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : المالُ ما أفادَ الرِّجالَ5

5913. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'Wealth is what benefits men.'6

5914. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : المالُ يُكرِمُ صاحِبَهُ ما بَذَلَهُ ، ويُهينُهُ ما بَخِلَ بهِ7

5914. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'Wealth honours its owner as long as he spends it and it humiliates him where he is miserly with it.'8

5915. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام: أمسِكْ مِن المالِ بقَدرِ ضَرورَتِكَ، وقَدِّمِ الفَضلَ لِيَومِ حاجَتِكَ9

5915. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'Hold onto wealth according to your need of it, and put the rest away for a day you will need it.'10

5916. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : أفضَلُ المالِ ما وُقِيَ بهِ العِرضُ ، وقُضِيَت بهِ الحُقوقُ11

5916. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'The best of wealth is that with which one's dignity is guarded and that through which one's rights are fulfilled.'12

5917. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : خَيرُ مالِكَ ما أعانَكَ على‏ حاجَتِكَ13

5917. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'The best of your wealth is that which helps you with your needs.'14

5918. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام: إنّما أعطاكُمُ اللَّهُ هذهِ الفُضولَ مِن الأموالِ لتُوَجِّهوها حيثُ وَجَّهَها اللَّهُ عَزَّوجلَّ ، ولَم يُعطِكُموها لِتَكنِزوها15

5918. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'Allah gave you this excess in wealth in order that you may use it according to how Allah Almighty would like, and He did not give it to you in order for you to store it away.'16

5919. الإمامُ الرِّضا عليه السلام : خَيرُ مالِ المَرءِ ذَخائِرُ الصَّدَقَةِ17

5919. Imam Ali al-Rida (AS) said, 'The best wealth of a person is what he reserves for charity.'18

Notes

1. كنز العمّال : 16147

2. Kanz al-Ummal, no. 16147

3. بحار الأنوار : 71 / 356 / 17

4. Bihar al-Anwar, v. 71, p. 356, no. 17

5. غرر الحكم : 508

6. Ghurar al-Hikam, no. 508

7. غرر الحكم : 1838

8. Ibid. no. 1838

9. نهج البلاغة : الكتاب 21

10. Nahj al-Balagha, Letter 21

11. بحار الأنوار: 78 / 7 / 60

12. Bihar al-Anwar, v. 78, p. 7, no. 60

13. بحار الأنوار : 78 / 12 / 70

14. Ibid. v. 78, p. 12, no. 70

15. كتاب من لا يحضره الفقيه : 2 / 57 / 1693

16. al-Faqih, v. 2, p. 57, no. 1693

17. تنبيه الخواطر : 2 / 182

18. Tanbih al-Khawatir, v. 2, p. 182

369 - النُّبُوَّةُ «النبوّة العامّة »

369. PROPHETHOOD (1)

General Prophethood

1685 - فَلسَفَةُ النُّبُوَّةِ

1685. THE PHILOSOPHY OF PROPHETHOOD

1 - التّكاملُ‏

1. Perfection

5920. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام - للزِّنديقِ الّذي سألَهُ: مِن أينَ أثبَتَّ الأنبياءَ ؟ - : إنّا لَمّا أثبَتنا أنّ لَنا خالِقاً صانِعاً مُتَعالِياً عنّا وعن جَميعِ ما خَلَقَ ، وكانَ ذلكَ الصّانِعُ حَكيماً مُتَعالِياً لَم يَجُزْ أن يُشاهِدَهُ خَلقُهُ ، ولا يُلامِسوهُ ، فيُباشِرَهُم ويُباشِروهُ ، ويُحاجَّهُم ويُحاجُّوهُ ، ثَبَتَ أنَّ لَهُ سُفَراءَ في خَلقِهِ يُعَبِّرونَ عَنهُ إلى‏ خَلقِهِ وعِبادِهِ ، ويَدُلُّونَهُم على‏ مصالِحِهِم ومَنافِعِهِم ، وما بهِ بَقاؤهُم وفي تَركِهِ فَناؤهُم1

5920. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said to an atheist who asked him, 'Wherefore did you establish the [need for and existence of] prophets?' 'When we established that we have a Creator and Maker, supreme over us and over all that He created, and that this Maker is so Wise and Supreme that His creation cannot see Him or touch Him, like they can mutually see each other and contend with each other, it hence becomes established that He has ambassadors among His creation who speak on His behalf to His creation and servants. They guide creation to their advantages and benefits, and to that which will secure their survival and the abandonment of which will destroy them.'2

2 - إنقاذُ الإنسانِ مِن وَلايةِ الطّواغيتِ‏

2. Saving Mankind from the Rule of Tyrants

( وَلَقَدْ بَعَثْنَا فِي كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ رَسُولاً أَنِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَاجْتَنِبُوا الطَّاغُوتَ فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ هَدَى اللَّهُ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ حَقَّتْ عَلَيْهِ الضَّلَالَةُ فَسِيرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ فَانْظُرُوا كَيْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الْمُكَذِّبِينَ)3

“Certainly We raised an apostle in every nation [to preach:] 'Worship Allah, and keep away from the Rebel.' Then among them were some whom Allah guided, and among them were some who deserved to be in error. So travel over the land and then observe how was the fate of the deniers.” 4

5921. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : إنّ اللَّهَ تباركَ وتعالى‏ بَعَثَ محمّداً صلى اللَّه عليه وآله بالحَقِّ ليُخرِجَ عِبادَهُ مِن عِبادَةِ عِبادِهِ إلى‏ عِبادَتِهِ ، ومِن عُهودِ عِبادِهِ إلى‏ عُهودِهِ ، ومِن طاعَةِ عِبادِهِ إلى‏ طاعَتِهِ ، ومِن وَلايَةِ عِبادِهِ إلى‏ وَلايَتِهِ5

5921. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'Allah, Blessed and most High, sent Muhammad (SAWA) with the truth to bring out His servants from worshipping His creatures into worshipping Him, from the covenants made with His creatures to His covenants, from obedience to His creatures to obedience to Him, and from being under the rule of His creatures to His rule.'6

3 - تزكيةُ الأخلاقِ‏

3. Purifying Morals

( هُوَ الَّذِي بَعَثَ فِي الأُمِّيِّينَ رَسُولاً مِنْهُمْ يَتْلُو عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتِهِ وَيُزَكِّيهِمْ وَيُعَلِّمُهُمُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وإن كانُوا مِنْ قَبلُ لَفي ضَلالٍ مُبِينٍ)7

“It is He who sent to the unled [people] an apostle from among themselves, to recite to them His signs, to purify them, and to teach them the Book and wisdom, and earlier they had indeed been in manifest error.” 8

5922. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : بُعِثتُ لاُتمِّمَ مَكارِمَ الأخلاقِ9

5922. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'I was sent to complete the noble morals virtues.'10

5923. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : إنّما بُعِثتُ لاُتمِّمَ حُسنَ الأخلاقِ11

5923. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'Verily I was sent to complete good morals.'12

5924. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : فبَعَثَ فيهِم رُسُلَهُ وواتَرَ إلَيهِم أنبياءهُ ؛ لِيَستَأدُوهُم مِيثاقَ فِطرَتِهِ ، ويُذَكِّروهُم مَنسِيَّ نِعمَتِهِ ، ويَحتَجُّوا علَيهِم بالتَّبليغِ ، ويُثيروا لَهُم دَفائنَ العُقولِ ، ويُرُوهُم آياتِ المَقدِرَةِ13

5924. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'So He sent His messengers among them and He sent prophets one after another to help lead them to the covenant of their innate nature, and to remind them of His blessings that they have forgotten, to show them proofs through propagation, to extract for them the treasures of their intellects, and to show them the signs of His potential.'14

4 - قيامُ النّاسِ بالقِسطِ

4. Establishing Equity Among People

( لَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا رُسُلَنَا بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ وَأَنْزَلْنَا مَعَهُمُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْمِيزَانَ لِيَقُومَ النَّاسُ بِالْقِسْطِ وَأَنْزَلْنَا الْحَدِيدَ فِيهِ بَأْسٌ شَدِيدٌ وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ وَلِيَعْلَمَ اللَّهُ مَنْ يَنْصُرُهُ وَرُسُلَهُ بِالْغَيْبِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَوِيٌّ عَزِيزٌ)15

“Certainly We sent Our apostle with manifest proofs, and We sent down with them the Book and the Balance, so that mankind may maintain justice; and We sent down iron in which there is great might and use for mankind, and so that Allah may know those who help Him and His apostle in [their] absence. Indeed Allah is all-strong, all mighty.” 16

5 - رفعُ الاختلافِ :

5. Lifting Differences

( كَانَ النَّاسُ أَُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ النَّبِيِّينَ مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنْذِرِينَ وَأَنْزَلَ مَعَهُمُ الْكِتابَ بِالْحَقِّ لِيَحْكُمَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ فِيما اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ وَمَا اخْتَلَفَ فِيهِ إِلَّا الَّذِينَ أُوتُوهُ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَتْهُمُ البَيِّنَاتُ بَغْيَاً بَيْنَهُمْ فَهَدَى اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لِمَا اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ مِنَ الْحَقِّ بإِذْنِهِ وَاللَّهُ يَهْدِي مَنْ يَشَاءُ إِلى‏ صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ)17

“Mankind were a single community; then Allah sent the prophets as bearers of good news and as warners, and He sent down with them the Book with the truth, that it may judge between the people concerning that about which they differed, and none differed in it except those who had been given it, after the manifest proofs had come to them, out of envy among themselves. Then Allah guided those who had faith to the truth of what they differed in, by His will, and Allah guides whomever He wishes to a straight path.” 18

5925. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : اُنظُروا إلى‏ مَواقِعِ نِعَمِ اللَّهِ علَيهِم حِينَ بَعَثَ إلَيهِم رَسولاً فعَقدَ بمِلَّتِهِ طاعَتَهُم ، وجَمعَ على‏ دَعوَتِهِ اُلفتَهُم : كيفَ نَشَرَتِ النِّعمَةُ علَيهِم جَناحَ كَرامَتِها ، وأسالَت لَهُم جَداوِلَ نَعيمِها ، والتَفّتِ المِلّةُ بِهِم في عَوائدِ بَرَكَتِها ، فأصبَحوا في نِعمَتِها غَرِقِينَ!19

5925. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'Look at the various favours of Allah upon them, when He deputed towards them a prophet who got them to pledge their obedience to Him, and made them unite at his call. [Look] how [Allah's] bounty spread the wings of its favours over them and made flow for them streams of its blessing, and the whole community was covered in blissful prosperity. Consequently they were submerged under its bounty.'20

6 - إتمامُ الحُجّةِ

6. Completing the Proof [against them]

5926. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : بَعَثَ إلَيهِمُ الرُّسُلَ لِتكونَ لَهُ الحُجّةُ البالِغَةُ على‏ خَلقِهِ ، ويكونَ رُسُلُهُ إلَيهِم شُهَداءَ علَيهِم ، وابتَعَثَ فيهِمُ النَّبيّينَ مُبَشِّرينَ ومُنذِرينَ ليَهلِكَ مَن هَلَكَ عَن بَيّنَةٍ ، ويَحيى‏ مَن حَيَّ عَن بَيّنَةٍ ، وليَعقِلَ العِبادُ عن ربِّهِم ما جَهِلوهُ ، فيَعرِفوهُ برُبوبيَّتِهِ بعدَ ما أنكَروا ، ويُوحِّدوهُ بالإلهيّةِ بعد ما عَضَدوا21

5926. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'He sent messengers to them so that He would have the ultimate proof against His creation, and His messengers to them are witnesses over them. He sent among them prophets who were bearers of glad tidings and warners that those who contradict His evidence will perish, and that those who were revived by His evidence will be revived. And that servants may comprehend about their Lord that which they did not know, and come to know Him through His Lordship after they had denied it, and that they may profess His divine unity through His Godliness after they had advocated [it] [ascribing a partner for Him].'22

Notes

1. الكافي : 1 / 168 / 1

2. al-Kafi, v. 1, p. 168, no. 1

3. النحل : 36

4. Quran 16:36

5. الكافي : 8 / 386 / 586

6. al-Kafi, v. 3, p. 386, no. 586

7. الجمعة : 2

8. Quran 62:2

9. كنز العمّال : 31969

10. Kanz al-Ummal, no. 31969

11. الطبقات الكبرى‏ : 1 / 193

12. al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, v. p, p. 193

13. نهج البلاغة : الخطبة 1

14. Nahj al-Balagha, Sermon 1

15. الحديد : 25

16. Quran 58:25

17. البقرة : 213

18. Quran 2:213

19. نهج البلاغة : الخطبة 192 ، اُنظر تمام الكلام

20. Nahj al-Balagha, Sermon 192

21. التوحيد : 45 / 4

22. al-Tawhid, p. 45, no. 4