Alhassanain(p) Network for Heritage and Islamic Thought

Surah Al-Fatir, Chapter 35

بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ

In the Name of God the Compassionate, the Merciful

Verses 1 – 7

الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ فَاطِرِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ جَاعِلِ الْمَلَائِكَةِ رُسُلًا أُولِي أَجْنِحَةٍ مَثْنَىٰ وَثُلَاثَ وَرُبَاعَۚ يَزِيدُ فِي الْخَلْقِ مَا يَشَاءُۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ {1}

1. Thanks are due to God, Creator of the Heavens and Earth and who sends angels having wings, two, three and four and many more as He likes. Verily God is Omnipotent.

مَا يَفْتَحِ اللَّهُ لِلنَّاسِ مِنْ رَحْمَةٍ فَلَا مُمْسِكَ لَهَاۖ وَمَا يُمْسِكْ فَلَا مُرْسِلَ لَهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِۚ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ {2}

2. Whatever mercy He showers on humans, none can stop and whatever He does withhold, none can release after He has withheld it. He is Mighty and Wise.

يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَتَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْۚ هَلْ مِنْ خَالِقٍ غَيْرُ اللَّهِ يَرْزُقُكُمْ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِۚ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَۖ فَأَنَّىٰ تُؤْفَكُونَ {3}

3. O you people, remember the Divine bounties on you. Is there any other Creator than God Who provides you from clouds and earth. There is no other God but He. Where are you then being led away?”

وَإِنْ يُكَذِّبُوكَ فَقَدْ كُذِّبَتْ رُسُلٌ مِنْ قَبْلِكَۚ وَإِلَى اللَّهِ تُرْجَعُ الْأُمُورُ {4}

4. And if they falsify verily have they done with the previous Prophets and reversion of all of them is unto God.

يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّ وَعْدَ اللَّهِ حَقٌّۖ فَلَا تَغُرَّنَّكُمُ الْحَيَاةُ الدُّنْيَاۖ وَلَا يَغُرَّنَّكُمْ بِاللَّهِ الْغَرُورُ {5}

5. Oh you humans, promise of God is true, let not worldly life deceive you and let not the crafty devil play you false.1

إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ لَكُمْ عَدُوٌّ فَاتَّخِذُوهُ عَدُوًّاۚ إِنَّمَا يَدْعُو حِزْبَهُ لِيَكُونُوا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ السَّعِيرِ {6}

6. Verily the devil is your enemy and takes him so. Verily he and his army invite you to be members of Hell.

الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ شَدِيدٌۖ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ لَهُمْ مَغْفِرَةٌ وَأَجْرٌ كَبِيرٌ {7}

7. Those who disbelieve (in eternity) shall have intense punishment for them, whereas the faithful who act righteously have forgiveness (on penance) and a great reward for virtues.

Moral

Bodily notes with study of reference to previous Surah will suffice.

Verses 8 – 14

أَفَمَنْ زُيِّنَ لَهُ سُوءُ عَمَلِهِ فَرَآهُ حَسَنًاۖ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يُضِلُّ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَهْدِي مَنْ يَشَاءُۖ فَلَا تَذْهَبْ نَفْسُكَ عَلَيْهِمْ حَسَرَاتٍۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ بِمَا يَصْنَعُونَ {8}

8. What! Is he whose evil actions eulogize him and who appreciates them (can be like him who is otherwise)? Verily God deprives him of guidance whom He likes and guides whom He likes, so you do not be sorry for them. Verily God is fully acquainted with their actions.

وَاللَّهُ الَّذِي أَرْسَلَ الرِّيَاحَ فَتُثِيرُ سَحَابًا فَسُقْنَاهُ إِلَىٰ بَلَدٍ مَيِّتٍ فَأَحْيَيْنَا بِهِ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَاۚ كَذَٰلِكَ النُّشُورُ {9}

9. God is He Who sends currents of winds which carry clouds, feeds dry land which are enlivened after decay, so shall you be raised alive.2

مَنْ كَانَ يُرِيدُ الْعِزَّةَ فَلِلَّهِ الْعِزَّةُ جَمِيعًاۚ إِلَيْهِ يَصْعَدُ الْكَلِمُ الطَّيِّبُ وَالْعَمَلُ الصَّالِحُ يَرْفَعُهُۚ وَالَّذِينَ يَمْكُرُونَ السَّيِّئَاتِ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ شَدِيدٌۖ وَمَكْرُ أُولَٰئِكَ هُوَ يَبُورُ {10}

10. He who desires honour (real and eternal) on earth should know all honour is due to Him and virtuous deeds, void of association and insincerity rise unto Him (are appreciated by Him), and intense punishment is for them, who under intrigue, act evil, which shall ultimately fail them3 .

وَاللَّهُ خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ تُرَابٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ ثُمَّ جَعَلَكُمْ أَزْوَاجًاۚ وَمَا تَحْمِلُ مِنْ أُنْثَىٰ وَلَا تَضَعُ إِلَّا بِعِلْمِهِۚ وَمَا يُعَمَّرُ مِنْ مُعَمَّرٍ وَلَا يُنْقَصُ مِنْ عُمُرِهِ إِلَّا فِي كِتَابٍۚ إِنَّ ذَٰلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ يَسِيرٌ {11}

11. God is He Who created you all of sperm, then coupled you to a mate, and no woman conceives or delivers the child but He has knowledge thereof, and none becomes aged or dies young, but has their history recorded with Him and certainly this is easy for Him.

وَمَا يَسْتَوِي الْبَحْرَانِ هَٰذَا عَذْبٌ فُرَاتٌ سَائِغٌ شَرَابُهُ وَهَٰذَا مِلْحٌ أُجَاجٌۖ وَمِنْ كُلٍّ تَأْكُلُونَ لَحْمًا طَرِيًّا وَتَسْتَخْرِجُونَ حِلْيَةً تَلْبَسُونَهَاۖ وَتَرَى الْفُلْكَ فِيهِ مَوَاخِرَ لِتَبْتَغُوا مِنْ فَضْلِهِ وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ {12}

12. And such two seas are not alike: one saline and the other of fresh water, sweet to the taste, although from both of them you get provision (fish) and take out pearls for wearing, and you see the ship floating in the sea, piercing though it to enable you to seek livelihood through His Grace so you be grateful to Him.

يُولِجُ اللَّيْلَ فِي النَّهَارِ وَيُولِجُ النَّهَارَ فِي اللَّيْلِ وَسَخَّرَ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ كُلٌّ يَجْرِي لِأَجَلٍ مُسَمًّىۚ ذَٰلِكُمُ اللَّهُ رَبُّكُمْ لَهُ الْمُلْكُۚ وَالَّذِينَ تَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِهِ مَا يَمْلِكُونَ مِنْ قِطْمِيرٍ {13}

13. It is He Who enters the night into the day and vice versa and has set in motion the sun and the moon a source of your subsistence under His control, for a definite period, and such is God , your Providence, Whose is the kingdom inclusive of the entire creation, and those whom you pray, besides Him, do not own even the rind of a date stone.

إِنْ تَدْعُوهُمْ لَا يَسْمَعُوا دُعَاءَكُمْ وَلَوْ سَمِعُوا مَا اسْتَجَابُوا لَكُمْۖ وَيَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يَكْفُرُونَ بِشِرْكِكُمْۚ وَلَا يُنَبِّئُكَ مِثْلُ خَبِيرٍ {14}

14. And if you cry unto them, they will not hear you and even if they heard, they will not reply and will disclaim your association on Reckoning Day, and none can inform you so correctly as God the Knowing.

Moral

Clear.

Verses 15 – 26

يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ أَنْتُمُ الْفُقَرَاءُ إِلَى اللَّهِۖ وَاللَّهُ هُوَ الْغَنِيُّ الْحَمِيدُ {15}

15. Oh you people, you are dependent on God, and God alone is Self-sufficient and Praiseworthy.

إِنْ يَشَأْ يُذْهِبْكُمْ وَيَأْتِ بِخَلْقٍ جَدِيدٍ {16}

16. If He wills, He can destroy you and replace you otherwise.

وَمَا ذَٰلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ بِعَزِيزٍ {17}

17. And this is not difficult for God.

وَلَا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَىٰۚ وَإِنْ تَدْعُ مُثْقَلَةٌ إِلَىٰ حِمْلِهَا لَا يُحْمَلْ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَا قُرْبَىٰۗ إِنَّمَا تُنْذِرُ الَّذِينَ يَخْشَوْنَ رَبَّهُمْ بِالْغَيْبِ وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَۚ وَمَنْ تَزَكَّىٰ فَإِنَّمَا يَتَزَكَّىٰ لِنَفْسِهِۚ وَإِلَى اللَّهِ الْمَصِيرُ {18}

18. None is going to bear the load of others and if any heavily loaded will call for assistance to lighten his load, he will not get it, even from his relations. You c can frighten those who are afraid of God unseen, and are steady at prayers, and he who shall purify self of sins shall do credit to self, and reversion of all is unto God.

وَمَا يَسْتَوِي الْأَعْمَىٰ وَالْبَصِيرُ {19}

19. And the blind and the seeing are not alike.

وَلَا الظُّلُمَاتُ وَلَا النُّورُ {20}

20. Nor those under darkness (of misguidance, i.e. who are after worldly pleasures) and those in light (i.e. who are on guidance and avoiding sins) are not alike.

وَلَا الظِّلُّ وَلَا الْحَرُورُ {21}

21. Nor those under shade and sunshine.

وَمَا يَسْتَوِي الْأَحْيَاءُ وَلَا الْأَمْوَاتُۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُسْمِعُ مَنْ يَشَاءُۖ وَمَا أَنْتَ بِمُسْمِعٍ مَنْ فِي الْقُبُورِ {22}

22. Nor the living and the dead. Verily God makes audient whom He wills and you cannot make those audient who are in the grave (i.e. blind-hearted).

إِنْ أَنْتَ إِلَّا نَذِيرٌ {23}

23. You are merely a warner.

إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ بِالْحَقِّ بَشِيرًا وَنَذِيرًاۚ وَإِنْ مِنْ أُمَّةٍ إِلَّا خَلَا فِيهَا نَذِيرٌ {24}

24. Verily have We sent you with the truth4 and as a giver of tidings and a warner there is not a single tribe but has a warner for it.

وَإِنْ يُكَذِّبُوكَ فَقَدْ كَذَّبَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ جَاءَتْهُمْ رُسُلُهُمْ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ وَبِالزُّبُرِ وَبِالْكِتَابِ الْمُنِيرِ {25}

25. If they falsify you, they have done similarly in the past. Prophets came to them with miracles and enlightened Texts

ثُمَّ أَخَذْتُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواۖ فَكَيْفَ كَانَ نَكِيرِ {26}

26. and then I arrested the infidels, how severe was my seizure.

Moral

God has pointed out one of His most important attributes of being Self-sufficient and Indispensable to the creation. Divine guidance depends upon Divine awe and constancy at prayers.

Verses 27 – 37

أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ أَنْزَلَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً فَأَخْرَجْنَا بِهِ ثَمَرَاتٍ مُخْتَلِفًا أَلْوَانُهَاۚ وَمِنَ الْجِبَالِ جُدَدٌ بِيضٌ وَحُمْرٌ مُخْتَلِفٌ أَلْوَانُهَا وَغَرَابِيبُ سُودٌ {27}

27. Have you not seen God sending rain from clouds with which We produce fruit of various colours? And from the mountains are cut roads, white and red, and in various other colours and others are black.

وَمِنَ النَّاسِ وَالدَّوَابِّ وَالْأَنْعَامِ مُخْتَلِفٌ أَلْوَانُهُ كَذَٰلِكَۗ إِنَّمَا يَخْشَى اللَّهَ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ الْعُلَمَاءُۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ غَفُورٌ {28}

28. And from men and animals of like colour only the learned amongst men fear God. Verily God is Mighty and Forgiving.

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَتْلُونَ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَأَنْفَقُوا مِمَّا رَزَقْنَاهُمْ سِرًّا وَعَلَانِيَةً يَرْجُونَ تِجَارَةً لَنْ تَبُورَ {29}

29. Verily who reads the Text and says prayers and spends what We have endowed upon secretly and openly in Our name, he is hopeful of a business, which shall never fail him.

لِيُوَفِّيَهُمْ أُجُورَهُمْ وَيَزِيدَهُمْ مِنْ فَضْلِهِۚ إِنَّهُ غَفُورٌ شَكُورٌ {30}

30. So God shall fully reward him and enhance it out of His grace5 . Verily He is forgiving and Appreciative.

وَالَّذِي أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ هُوَ الْحَقُّ مُصَدِّقًا لِمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِعِبَادِهِ لَخَبِيرٌ بَصِيرٌ {31}

31. And oh you Prophet, the Book We have revealed unto you is true and confirming the preceding Texts. Verily God is acquainted with His creatures and guards them all.

ثُمَّ أَوْرَثْنَا الْكِتَابَ الَّذِينَ اصْطَفَيْنَا مِنْ عِبَادِنَاۖ فَمِنْهُمْ ظَالِمٌ لِنَفْسِهِ وَمِنْهُمْ مُقْتَصِدٌ وَمِنْهُمْ سَابِقٌ بِالْخَيْرَاتِ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِۚ ذَٰلِكَ هُوَ الْفَضْلُ الْكَبِيرُ {32}

32. Then we deposited Our text in whom We chose from Our creatures, of whom some are disobedient6 others do recognize and are devotees, and the remaining surpass the devotees, being Divine Lights themselves, and this is a Mighty Grace in their favour.7

جَنَّاتُ عَدْنٍ يَدْخُلُونَهَا يُحَلَّوْنَ فِيهَا مِنْ أَسَاوِرَ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ وَلُؤْلُؤًاۖ وَلِبَاسُهُمْ فِيهَا حَرِيرٌ {33}

33. Who will remain in Paradise of the highest grade, wherein they will have golden bracelets and ornaments of pearls and silk dress.

وَقَالُوا الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي أَذْهَبَ عَنَّا الْحَزَنَۖ إِنَّ رَبَّنَا لَغَفُورٌ شَكُورٌ {34}

34. And they will thank God for having removed from them every kind of pain and sorrow and will say, “Verily our Providence is Highly Forgiving and Appreciative.”

الَّذِي أَحَلَّنَا دَارَ الْمُقَامَةِ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ لَا يَمَسُّنَا فِيهَا نَصَبٌ وَلَا يَمَسُّنَا فِيهَا لُغُوبٌ {35}

35. Who brought us out of His Grace to such eternal places, wherein there is neither grief nor fatigue.

وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لَهُمْ نَارُ جَهَنَّمَ لَا يُقْضَىٰ عَلَيْهِمْ فَيَمُوتُوا وَلَا يُخَفَّفُ عَنْهُمْ مِنْ عَذَابِهَاۚ كَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِي كُلَّ كَفُورٍ {36}

36. And those who became infidels have hell for their abode, wherein they shall neither have death (to put an end to their agony) nor mitigation of punishment being alive, and for every ungrateful infidel, do We reserve like punishment.

وَهُمْ يَصْطَرِخُونَ فِيهَا رَبَّنَا أَخْرِجْنَا نَعْمَلْ صَالِحًا غَيْرَ الَّذِي كُنَّا نَعْمَلُۚ أَوَلَمْ نُعَمِّرْكُمْ مَا يَتَذَكَّرُ فِيهِ مَنْ تَذَكَّرَ وَجَاءَكُمُ النَّذِيرُۖ فَذُوقُوا فَمَا لِلظَّالِمِينَ مِنْ نَصِيرٍ {37}

37. Wherein they will be howling, “Oh our Providence, take us out from it so we may do virtues vice our vices, we committed in the past.” What! Did We not give them life enough to make an advice therein? When the Warner had come to them with an advice to whom they were indifferent. So better let them taste the punishment and there shall be none to assist the disobedient (under intercession).

Moral

32 to 35 give special significance of Grade of Fatima’s lineage.

Verses 38 – 45

إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَالِمُ غَيْبِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِۚ إِنَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِذَاتِ الصُّدُورِ {38}

38. Verily God knows the secret and open of the Heavens and Earth and is acquainted fully with the secrets of the hearts.

هُوَ الَّذِي جَعَلَكُمْ خَلَائِفَ فِي الْأَرْضِۚ فَمَنْ كَفَرَ فَعَلَيْهِ كُفْرُهُۖ وَلَا يَزِيدُ الْكَافِرِينَ كُفْرُهُمْ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ إِلَّا مَقْتًاۖ وَلَا يَزِيدُ الْكَافِرِينَ كُفْرُهُمْ إِلَّا خَسَارًا {39}

39. It is he Who made you successors on Earth (of your predecessors). He who denies unto Him results of such infidelity shall lie on him, and the result of infidelity will not enhance except losses to them alone.

قُلْ أَرَأَيْتُمْ شُرَكَاءَكُمُ الَّذِينَ تَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ أَرُونِي مَاذَا خَلَقُوا مِنَ الْأَرْضِ أَمْ لَهُمْ شِرْكٌ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ أَمْ آتَيْنَاهُمْ كِتَابًا فَهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَيِّنَتٍ مِنْهُۚ بَلْ إِنْ يَعِدُ الظَّالِمُونَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا إِلَّا غُرُورًا {40}

40. Say, “Do you see your associators whom you, barring God, pray creating anyone on Earth?” If f so, show to Me or have they any share in the creation of the heavens or have We given the Books, on the authority of which are they laying their claims? Nothing of the sort rather, these disobedient are simply misleading by holding out false promises

إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُمْسِكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ أَنْ تَزُولَاۚ وَلَئِنْ زَالَتَا إِنْ أَمْسَكَهُمَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ مِنْ بَعْدِهِۚ إِنَّهُ كَانَ حَلِيمًا غَفُورًا {41}

41. Verily God has held over existence of the heavens and earth from their destruction8 , when once they are off, none else can support them. Verily He is Forbearing and Forgiving.

وَأَقْسَمُوا بِاللَّهِ جَهْدَ أَيْمَانِهِمْ لَئِنْ جَاءَهُمْ نَذِيرٌ لَيَكُونُنَّ أَهْدَىٰ مِنْ إِحْدَى الْأُمَمِۖ فَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ نَذِيرٌ مَا زَادَهُمْ إِلَّا نُفُورًا {42}

42. They9 swore by God if any warner would come to them, verily they would be more guided than their predecessors10 , and when the warner came to them, it did not intensify, except their infidelity.

اسْتِكْبَارًا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَمَكْرَ السَّيِّئِۚ وَلَا يَحِيقُ الْمَكْرُ السَّيِّئُ إِلَّا بِأَهْلِهِۚ فَهَلْ يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَّا سُنَّتَ الْأَوَّلِينَۚ فَلَنْ تَجِدَ لِسُنَّتِ اللَّهِ تَبْدِيلًاۖ وَلَنْ تَجِدَ لِسُنَّتِ اللَّهِ تَحْوِيلًا {43}

43. And prided on Earth wherewith they started intriguing and intrigue does not play false, but with its own agent. What! Are they awaiting treatment of their predecessors? They will not find any change in Divine treatment and neon can avert it (i.e. Divine disaster).

أَوَلَمْ يَسِيرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ فَيَنْظُرُوا كَيْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ وَكَانُوا أَشَدَّ مِنْهُمْ قُوَّةًۚ وَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيُعْجِزَهُ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَلَا فِي الْأَرْضِۚ إِنَّهُ كَانَ عَلِيمًا قَدِيرًا {44}

44. Do they not move above the earth and look out what has been the end of the preceding generations? They were stronger than them, and God is not such as can be over-powered by anyone of the heavens or earth. Verily He is Omniscient and Omnipotent.

وَلَوْ يُؤَاخِذُ اللَّهُ النَّاسَ بِمَا كَسَبُوا مَا تَرَكَ عَلَىٰ ظَهْرِهَا مِنْ دَابَّةٍ وَلَٰكِنْ يُؤَخِّرُهُمْ إِلَىٰ أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّىۖ فَإِذَا جَاءَ أَجَلُهُمْ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ بِعِبَادِهِ بَصِيرًا {45}

45. Had God punished everybody (immediately) of his (sinful) action, He would not have left any creeping on earth, but He has given them time to a definite period (during which to rectify) and when they will mature (i.e. time of punishment) will then God (decide) knowing His creatures.

Moral

Clear.

Notes

1. Devil’s deceptions were briefly stated in the previous Surah in Couplet 71. The so-called deceptions affecting the learned men are graded into seven classes, as per the grades of Hell by the sixth Divine Light viz.

(1) those learned who reserve to themselves their knowledge without imparting to others,

(2) those who are enraged at others advising men,

(3) those who use their knowledge in royal courts debarring the public,

(4) those who adopt tyrannical ways and are enraged when these defects are pointed out to them,

(5) those who collect and criticize doctrines of various faiths to demand public admiration,

(6) those seated on the throne of decision, challenge others while they are ignorant themselves , and

(7) those finding fault with others, waste their time in ridiculing them.

A really leaned man is ever gloomy, adopts night waking a compulsion, is busy with finding fault of himself, to rectify his defects, and is ever importuning to God and knowing the qualities of men of his time, avoids their society, ad having fixed a stipulated period with self after contracting an agreement with it, keeps a watch, calls for accounts for its failure, demanding its rectification daily, and punishing for its failure.

2. After the first siren, shall the liquid of the sea, saline in nature, rise under evaporation, into clouds raining of which shall enliven the oldest corpses.

3. due to disbelief, when they shall be condemned to hell.

4. i.e. Glorious Qur’an.

5. i.e. he shall be entitled to intercede.

6. by not recognizing Divine Lights.

7. This Couplet especially applies to the lineage of Fatima and may commonly include 1) those who hover around their passion (material world), 2) those who hover around the reason (intellectual world) and 3) those who hover around their Creator God the Almight (spiritual).

8. on account of His Lights.

9. i.e. infidel Qoraish.

10. Jews and Christians.