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Ancient Prophets for a Modern World - The True Story of Jesus (P)

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Table of Contents

Introduction 7

Mary; the Mother of Jesus not the Mother of God! 9

The Virtues of Mary in Islam 10

1. One of the Four Best Ladies 10

2. Her Name 10

3. The First Female Divinely Chosen 10

4. Virgin Mother 10

5. Pure 11

7. The Devout Female 11

8. Fostered by the Almighty Through Prophet Zachariah 11

Her Titles 11

Her Biography 11

The Miraculous Virgin Conception 14

Mary in the Furnace of Trials 15

A Talking New Born 15

The Miraculous Virgin Conception in Judo-Christian Tradition 16

Science & the Miraculous Virgin Conception 16

The Immaculate Conception 17

The Date and the Place of the Birth of Jesus 17

The Date of Jesus’ Birth 17

Jesus; the Messenger of Allah 19

1. Jesus’ Appellations in the Quran 19

1. Son of Mary 19

2. Al-Maseeh (The Messiah) 19

3. The Messenger of Allah 20

4. The ‘Word’ of Allah 21

5. A ‘Spirit’ from Allah 21

6. Supported by ‘the Holy Spirit’ 22

The Scripture of Prophet Jesus 23

Dating the Gospels 23

The Language of the Gospels 24

Titles of the Gospels 24

Divergence of the Gospels 24

Original Gospel 24

The Miracles of Prophet Jesus 25

1. Speaking in the crib 26

2. Creating a living bird 27

3. Bringing the dead to life 27

4. Healing the terminally ill and those born blind 27

5. Disclosing secrets 28

6. A table spread with food from heaven 28

7. Prophecy of the coming of Ahmad (s.a.w.w) 28

The Miracles of Jesus in the Gospels 28

The Mission of Prophet Jesus 30

1. Monotheism 31

2. Acknowledging the Torah 31

3. Removing some of the forbidden acts 32

4. Follow me, not worship me 33

5. Resolving religious disputes 34

Glad Tidings of the Advent of Ahmad 35

The Prophet of Islam in the Present Gospels 36

Criteria of Acceptance 37

Imam Redha (a.s) V’s Jatheliq 37

The Glad Tidings of the Coming of Ahmad 37

The word ‘Paraclete’ 38

Supporting Points from the Johannine Literature 39

1. Regarding the coming of Paraklytos: 39

2. Identification of Paraklytos: 39

2/3: He is the spirit of truth. (14:17) 39

3. His role in relation to the Disciples: 40

Jesus’ Disciples 40

Disciples in the Quran 40

Crucifixion or Crucifiction?! 42

The Holy Quran and the Crucifixion 43

Does the Quran Contradict Itself? 43

Crucifixion of Jesus in the Gospels 44

Narrations of other Gospels 45

Independent Sources 45

Is Jesus God?! Let Us Reason Together 47

Monotheism; the common word 47

The Historical Background of Trinity 48

Trinitarian Christians Verses Unitarians 48

Trinity on the Scale of Rationality 49

The Trinity Violates the Law of Contradiction 50

Fallacious Examples for Trinity 50

Did Jesus Ever Claim to Be God?! 50

Deity of Jesus on the scale of the Bible 51

1. David; a begotten son of God 52

2. Israel; the begotten son of God 52

3. Adam was the son of God 52

Jesus did not have the attributes of God 52

1. God is Omniscient 52

2. God is Omnipotent 53

Deity of Jesus on the scale of the holy Quran 53

Everlasting Division 54

Jesus Will Return with Imam Mahdi (p.b.u.t) 55

The Return of Jesus in Islam 55

1. Jesus is still alive 55

2. The People of the Book believe in Jesus before his death 55

3. The followers of Jesus will be superior over disbelievers 56

4. Prophetic narrations confirm the descent of Jesus 57

The Return of Jesus and the Seal of Prophet-hood 57

‘Christians’ 57

The Characteristics of the ‘Nasara’ 58

Introduction

Of all the major religions in the world, Islam is the only non-Christian faith thatrecognises Jesus (peacebe upon him). Within the pages of the Quran is a distinct Islamic portrayal of Jesus. Three of itsSurahs (Chapters);Aale-Imran (Family ofImran ), al-Ma’edah (The Table SpreadWith Food) andMaryam (Mary) are so named because of their references to Prophet Jesus. There is only one woman whose name is specifically mentioned in the Quran and that is ‘Mary’; the mother of Jesus.

According to a census some 75% of adults in Australia, Canada and the United States of America are Christians. Thus, it is really essential for Muslims living in these countries to have a clear understanding of today’s Christianity and how and why it was perverted away from the true teachings of Prophet Jesus.

The story of the birth of Jesus is so eloquently and passionately described in Chapter Nineteen (Surah Maryam ) of the holy Quran that it brings one to tears. There are approximately ninetyAyaat spread across fifteenSurahs of the Quran which refer to Prophet Jesus.

The second source of Islamic teaching isHadith . It may be seen that there are numerousAhadith from the Prophet of Islam (s.a.w.w ) reflecting and narrating the teachings and the words of wisdom of Prophet Jesus.

Both Muslims and Christians believe in the advent of Jesus on the Last Day. This doctrine is one of the major issues that relate this ancient great prophet to our modern world.

Nonetheless, in spite of the general similarities between these two religions, there are ample differences between Islam and Christianity regarding the personality of Prophet Jesus (peacebe upon him). However, it is worthy of note that from before the time of the revelation of the holy Quran until today, there have also been ongoing debates among differing Christian sects, as with the Jews, about the personality of Jesus and his mother.

The Omniscient and All-Knowing Allah, through transmission of the holy Quran received verbatim by Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.w ), revealed this previously-obscure information to mankind. InSurah 3 Ayah 44 the Almighty states to Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.w ): “This is a part of the news of the unseen whichWe reveal to you. You were not with them.” [3:44] This statement was to remind the people during the time of Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.w ), just as for we who live today, that none of them had witnessed the life of Jesus, and thus for them all it was an unseen story. It is Allah AloneWho is ever present, The Possessor of both authority and knowledge whereby the actual story may be narrated.

“Then surely,We shall narrate unto them (their whole story) with knowledge, and indeed We have not been absent.” [7:7] Thus, Almighty Allah in concluding the story of Prophet Jesus states: “Verily, this is the true narrative (about the story of Jesus), and there is no deity but Allah.” [3:62]

For this reason, the objective of this paper is in relating the narration of the true version of the life of Jesus (a.s ) as described by the holy Quran. However, to enhance the understanding of my dear readers, I shall also refer to some main Christian perspectives with which to compare to the Islamic view of Jesus.

Due to the significant role of Lady Mary (peace be upon her), the story of Prophet Jesus begins in the Quran with the record of the life of his mother, Mary, and so also shall this paper.

Mary; the Mother of Jesus not the Mother of God!

Of the twenty-five texts in the Quran where Jesus is mentioned, in sixteen of them he is called ‘the son ofMaryam (Mary)’, whereas only one text in theGospels, has referred to Jesus as ‘son of Mary’ (Mark 6:3).Quranically the appellation ‘son of Mary’ is added to the name of Jesus to denote the humanity of Jesus on the one hand, and to acknowledge his miraculous birth without a father, on the other. The biblical text in Mark, however, reports that it was scathingly used by those who rejected hisprophethood .

Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches, however, pay a special homage and veneration to Mary. They refer to Mary as ‘the Mother of God’ (Theotokos ). They not only believe that she is themediatrix (a female mediator) of all graces, but they also believe in Mariolatry, a term used since the Reformation to mean the worship of Mary. Thus, recitation of the rosary has been among the most popular expressions of Marian devotion.

The internetencyclopaedia of Encarta explains the history of the divinity of Mary as follows:

“As early as the 2nd century, Christians venerated Mary by calling her Mother of God, a title that primarily stresses the divinity of Jesus. During the controversies of the 4th century concerning the divine and human natures of Jesus, the Greek titletheotókos (Mother of God) came to be used for Mary in devotional and theological writing. Nestorius, patriarch of Constantinople (present-dayİstanbul ), contested this usage, insisting that Mary was mother of Christ, not of God. In 431, the Council of Ephesus condemnedNestorianism and solemnly affirmed that Mary is to be calledtheotókos , a title that has been used since that time in the Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches.”

It is nearly impossible to find a Catholic or Eastern Orthodox Church wherein it is not filled with carved or molten images and/or statues of Jesus and Mary. Most of these images and statues are placed in the prominent places of the Prayer Halls of the churches for veneration and worship. The majority of the congregation will kneel, worship, venerate and pray before these images as an inherited tradition. They refer to Jesus as their God and to the Virgin Mary as the ‘Mother of God’! Many devoted Catholics also have statues of Mary in their homes for her veneration.

The Protestants, however, who separated from the Church of Rome in the 16th century, do not believe in the divinity of Mary.

Almighty Allah in denying the divinity of Jesus and his mother narrates some of the human aspects of their lives, such that “They both used to eat food” [5:75] while God does not eat.

Almighty Allah, also, in a rhetorical question narrates the renunciation of such titles from Prophet Jesus himself. “And when Allah will (on the Day ofJudgement ) say: O Jesus; son of Mary! Did you say unto men: Worship me and my mother as two gods besides Allah? He will say: Glorybe to you! It was not for me to say what I had no right to say. Had I said such a thing,You would surely have known it. You know what is in my inner-self though I do not know what is inYours ; truly, only You, are the All-Knower of all that is hidden. Never did I say to them aught except whatYou did command me to say: Worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord. And I was a witness over them while I dwelt amongst them, but whenYou took me up, You were the Watcher over them; and You are a Witness to all things.” [5:116-117]

As indicated in the aboveAyaat , Prophet Jesus begins his answer firstly with the glorification of God as an expression of monotheism and then affirms that never would he countenance such sacrilege - stating that he spoke only that which Allah had commanded; that he, while living with his community would ensure that they did not worship other than the Almighty God. Moreover, even the present Bible quotes from Jesus in his response to the devil: “It is written, you shall worship the Lord your God and serve Him alone.” [Luke 4:8]

However, some four centuries after his ascension, deviation occurred among his followers.

In general, the Jews and the Christians have all confused the position of the holy Mary in their own peculiar ways. The Jews accused her of committing illegal sexual intercourse. The holy Quran with reference to their horrible accusation states: “And because of their (Jews) disbelief and uttering against Mary a grave false charge.” [4:156]Whilst among the Christians, the Catholics have exalted her, calling her The Mother of God! They have also pronounced worship of her as an article of faith.

However, she holds no special status for the Protestants other than being the mother of Jesus.

The Virtues of Mary in Islam

1. One of the Four Best Ladies

Of all ladies of the world, Mary is one of the four mosthonourable . It is narrated from the Prophet of Islam (s.a.w.w ): “Verily, Allah has chosen from among women four ladies:Asiyah the daughter ofMezahim , the wife of Pharaoh;Maryram the mother of Jesus;Khadijah the daughter ofKhowaylid , and Fatima (s.a ) the daughter of the Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.w ) who is the mosthonourable of them all.”

2. Her Name

Maryam (Mary in English) is the only female name mentioned in the entire Quran. Her name is repeated sixteen times in the Quran and Chapter nineteen of the Quran is named after her. Mary is a Hebrew name (Miriam) which literally means a female worshipper and devotee.

3. The First Female Divinely Chosen

Holy Mary’s spiritual status, although she was not a prophetess, was actually higher than some of the prophets such as her guardian ProphetZachariyah insomuch as she had been chosen by Almighty Allah for an immaculate task, in the same way in which He had chosen His messengers.

4. Virgin Mother

Mary was also uniquely chosen over all the women of the world for the miraculous birth of her holy son whilst still a virgin, never having been touched by any man. It is with reference to this virtue that the Almighty God states, “O Mary!Verily Allah has chosen you, purified you, and chosen you above the women of mankind.” [3:42] Mary is the only lady in history who, without human male intervention in any form, became pregnant with Jesus.

5. Pure

Mary was also the first ‘Batool ’ meaning pure from menstruating. God had made her pure from menstruating so that she could devote her entire time to the service of the temple. Among Christian sects, most of the Protestants do not believe in the perpetual virginity of Mary.

6. The First Sinless Female (Ma’soomeh )

Almighty Allah had purified her from any sin inasmuch as Prophets were purified and hence, she was the first impeccable or immaculate female in human history.

7. The Devout Female

As we shall learn from her biography, Mary`s mother had made a vow before her birth to dedicate her to the service of the temple and hence she was namedMaryam . She herself fulfilled the vow throughout her entire life being the person she was. According to a Prophetic tradition, Jesus resurrected his mother and asked if she would like to live on earth again. Holy Mary replied, “Yes but only if I may offer prayers during the cold nights of winter and fast the long days of summer.”

8. Fostered by the AlmightyThrough Prophet Zachariah

According to the holy Quran, Almighty God made Mary grow in a goodly manner under the care of Prophet Zachariah. [3:37]Her sustenance had also been provided from heaven as witnessed on many an occasion by Prophet Zachariah. “Every time he (Zachariah) entered her praying place to visit her, he found her supplied with sustenance. He said: O Mary! From where have you got this? She said, this is from Allah, verily Allah provides sustenance towhom He wills, without limit.” [3:37]

9. Al-Mohadatheh (A female spoken to by Angels)

The Holy Quran clearly states that the angels would descend and communicate with the Virgin Mary. Thus, on more than one occasion quoting from the angels addressing her we read in the Quran, “When the angels said O Mary…”[ 3:42,45]

10.Mostajabatul Da’wah (a female whose prayers are granted)

Her Titles

Mary is also referred to in the Quran as the Sign of Allah (23:50],Siddiqeh (a very truth telling female) [66:12, 5:75],Qaniteh (an obedient lady to Allah) [66:12],Mohsineh (a chaste woman) [66:12],Mohadatheh (spoken to by Angels) [3:42],Ma’soomeh (divinely protected and immaculate from sin) [3:42].

Her Biography

According to Islamic traditions Hannah (Anna) andAshyaa ’ (Elizabeth) were two sisters. The first marriedImran who was one of the outstanding figures among the Israelites. Some traditions suggest that he was even a prophet or a saint. Her sisterAshyah was married to Prophet Zachariah. Hannah was barren and for several years after her marriage, did not fall pregnant. One day, while sitting under a tree, she observed a bird on the top of the tree feeding her chicks. The scene brought her to tears and maternal love brought pain to her heart. Simultaneously, from the depth of her soul she invoked Almighty God to grant her a child. Her sincere invocation was accepted and soon after she fell pregnant withMaryam . At the same time Almighty God revealed to her husbandImran that there would be a blessed boy in his family who would heal the terminally ill and would revive the dead by the permission of God. He will also be a Messenger of God to the Israelites.

In fact, the inspiration was referring to their grandson, Jesus, but onceImran shared the inspiration with his wife she assumed that she was pregnant with a baby boy. Thus, as a gesture of thanksgiving she made a vow to free her baby for the cause of God and to be the servant of God in His House.“When the wife ofImran said, O my Lord! I have vowed toYou what is in my womb to be dedicated for Your services (free from all worldly work), so accept this from me. VerilyYou are the All-Hearer the All-Knower.” [3:35]

The service of the temple was a masculine task and therefore when the baby born was a girl, she was baffled as to what she should do. She had already made a vow to free her baby for the service of the temple and at the same time no girl would be accepted by the temple authorities for any type of service. Nevertheless, she called her baby girlMaryam (a devout female) and prayed to God to keep her and her offspring aloof from Satan the Outcast.

Maryam’s father had died prior to her birth and therefore once she was old enough her mother took her to the temple and offered her as a gift to be the servant of the House of God. She also requested that one of the Rabbis or the Saints should look after her upbringing. Her beauty and innocence provoked competition amongst the Rabbis as to who should be her guardian. Finally, they agreed that they would cast lots with their pens as to which of them should be given the position of thecarer of Mary. By the will of God it sohappened that Zachariah won the lot and he became the custodian ofMaryam . In fact, he was the most suitable person to look after the Virgin Mary for not only was he a Prophet but he was also her uncle.

Prophet Zachariah enjoyed a special high respect in the temple and henceMaryam’s devotion to the temple by his request was accepted by other authorities. “So her Lord accepted her with goodly acceptance. He (Allah) made her grow in a good manner and put her under the care of Zachariah.” [3:37]

Thus,Maryam grew up in the temple indulged in the worshipping of God and engulfed in her devotion.Maryam was only nine years of age when she was fasting throughout the days and praying throughout the nights. She soon became renowned for her devotion, chastity and piety more so than all the men and women of her time.

During this period of her life her sustenance was provided from heaven. The holy Quran with reference tothis blessing states : “Every time he (Zachariah) entered herMehrab (Worshipping room) to visit her, he found her supplied with sustenance. He said: O Mary! From where have you got this? She said: This is from Allah. Verily, Allah provides sustenance towhom He wills without limit.” [3:37]

Her devotion elevated her to such a height that soon she was in the presence of angels. In the holy Quran we read, “And when the angels said O Mary. Verily Allah has chosen you, purified you, and chosen you above the women of the worlds. O Mary! Submit yourself with obedience to your Lord and prostrate yourself, and bow down along with those (angels) who bow down.” [3:42-43]

The Miraculous Virgin Conception

One day as she was praying in her isolated place of worship, suddenly angels appeared addressing her; “O Mary! Verily Allah gives you the glad tidings of a Word from Him, his name shall be the Messiah Jesus the son of Mary held inhonour in this world and in the hereafter and will be one of those near to Allah. He will speak to the people in the cradle and in manhood, and he will be one of the righteous.” [3:45-46]

The term ‘Word’ in the above ayah refers to the miraculous birth of Jesus by the divine command of “Be” as will be quoted from the Quran.

Nonetheless, the amazing news of having a baby whilst a virgin and having never been touched by any man was overwhelming. She invoked the Almighty and said, “O my Lord!How shall I have a son when no man has touched me?!” [3:47] Allah revealed to her, “So (it will be) for Allah creates what He wills. When He has decreed something, He says to it only ‘Be’ and it is.” [ibid] The Almighty then revealed to her that her son would be a Messenger of Allah to the Israelites and he will be empowered with the miracles of healing those born blind and the lepers and bringing the dead back to life. At the time of this inspiration, Mary would have assumed that the glad tiding would be a far prophecy and she would be the mother of a Messenger of God after her possible marriage.

Time went by and thefulfilment of the promised glad tiding arrived. As a normal practice she had withdrawn into seclusion from her family to a place facingEast for worship where she had also placed a screen to hide herself from people for her private devotion. In absolute privacy and seclusion, whilst immersed in an ocean of adoration, the Almighty sent His angel to Mary thus informing of her conception of Jesus.

“ThenWe sent to her OurRuh (angel), and he appeared before her in the form of a man in all respects.” Upon seeing the strange man at her private place, the resemblance of chastity and modesty felt overwhelming. She immediately said to him, “Verily I seek refuge with the Most Gracious (Allah) from you, if you do fear Allah.” The strange man (the angel) responded “I am only a messenger from your Lord to gift you a righteous son.” Mary then felt at ease, however, she immediately developed another fear as to how she could have a child whilst she was not married. Thus she said to the angel, “How can I have a son when no man has touched me, nor am I unchaste?” Mary at that stage was thinking of the natural way of conceiving which could be either legitimate or illegitimate. She knew that she would not fall into either of the two categories and at the same time no one had ever heard of a girl conceiving without being touched by a man. The angel of God calmed her down with his response, he said, “So (it will be), your Lord said ‘That is easy for Me and We wish to appoint him as a sign to mankind and a mercy from Us (Allah), and it is a matter already decreed (by Allah).’” [19:17-21]

Mary was convinced that this was another miraculous intervention of the Almighty. The same God who had made her barren mother pregnant and has been feeding her with heavenly fruits has now decreed to miraculously make her conceive a baby boy who would be a Messenger of God. Mary had previously experienced communication of the angels with her and thus had no doubt of this divine communication.

Mary in the Furnace of Trials

Soon after the incident, Mary felt that she was pregnant and withdrew to a far off place away from people where she could be alone with her child. While she was away, the term prior to birth was completed. “The pains of childbirth drove her to the trunk of a date palm.” Mary was alone in the wilderness with no relatives or midwives around her, nor yet any food or water. She said to herself, “Would that I had died before this and had been forgotten and out of sight.” The anxiety of what was to follow this most unusual of births on the one hand, and the pains oflabour on the other, overwhelmed her.

At the threshold of her trial, divine Mercy showered upon her. Suddenly, she heard a voice cry unto her from beneath her saying, “Grieve you not! Your Lord has provided a water stream under you.” The heavenly voice also asked her to look at the dried tree above her how it has turned into a fruit bearing date palm. The voice continued, “And shake the trunk of the date palm towards you, it will let fall fresh ripe dates upon you. So eat and drink and be happy.”

As with regard to the social consequences of her childbirth the voice said that she did not need to talk rather that her child will defend himself. “If you see any human being say (motion), verily I have vowed a fast unto the Most Gracious so I shall not speak to any human being on this day.” [19:23-26]

On seeing this beautiful child, foretold and gifted by the Almighty, Mary was pleased that she had become the mother of a Messenger of God. However, at the same time she was worried about the reaction of her people. "Who will believe me that no man has touched me?" thought this most virtuous of women. "How can I explain this to the Rabbis of the temple and even Zachariah and his wife? I have been, all my life known as the most chaste and modest lady. What if people accuse me of being unchaste?" Mary whispered to herself.

A Talking New Born

Mary wrapped him in swaddling clothes and finally returned to her people. Upon her arrival people were stunned to see her with an infant. Those who knew about her chastity and modesty were struck with awe and others who were jealous of her began to sneer. They said, “O Mary, indeed you have brought a strange thing.” It was customary among the Jews that when they wanted to praise the virtues of a person they would refer to them as the brother/sister of Aaron, therefore they addressed Mary, “O sister of Aaron! Your father was not a man who used to commit adultery, nor was your mother an unchaste woman!” Accusations and questions were thrown at her from all directions. She quietly pointed to her baby, meaning that the infant would explain himself. People were all the more outraged and assumed that she was mocking them, thus, with contempt they questioned, “How can we talk to one who is a child in the crib?” To everyone`s amazement the infant began to speak. He said, “Verily, I am a slave of Allah. He has given me the Scripture and made me a Prophet. And He has made me blessedwheresoever I be, and has enjoined on me prayer and charity as long as I live. And dutiful to my mother and made me not arrogant, unblessed. And peacebe upon me the day I was born, and the day I die, and the day I shall be raised alive. Such is Jesus son of Mary. It is a statement of truth about which they dispute.” [19:27-33]

The Miraculous Virgin Conception in Judo-Christian Tradition

The Jews have denied, entirely, the miraculous virgin conception of Prophet Jesus. They have, even further, accused the Virgin Mary (peacebe upon her) withunchastity .

Christians hold various stands with regard to this miracle. Disbelief in the virgin-birth has been referred to by many early Christian writers such as Origen as ‘madness and blasphemy’, and ‘heresy’ by St. Augustine. Modern liberal Christian theologians, however, have generally rejected the virgin conception and classify it as a religious myth. They argue that St. Paul has never mentioned the virgin birth anywhere in his writings. Also the genealogy of Jesus according to Matthew, it is stated that he is of the seed of David (Matthew 1) and this is confirmed by St. Paul in Romans 1. Though in both Matthew (1) and Luke (3) it is shown that he is from the line of David, but through Joseph, not Mary. Among the Gospels only Matthew and Luke dealt with the story of the virgin birth, though with some differences. Some theologians argue that the original text of the third Gospel (Luke) began with our present third chapter, the first two chapters being a later addition. The same is suggested for the first chapter of Matthew. Most Catholics, however, still believe in the doctrine of the virgin conception of Jesus.

Once again, thanksbe to the Almighty Allah that in His Glorious Quran He revealed the true story of the miraculous birth of Prophet Jesus (peace be upon him) with no obscurity.

Science & the Miraculous Virgin Conception

The concept of the miraculous virgin-birth of Prophet Jesus is an article of faith for the Muslims. Faithful people acknowledge the fact that the laws of nature are created by the Almighty and are subjugated to His Might. Thus, miracles occur in nature by the Will of Allah. The creation of Jesus without a father is easier to comprehend than the creation of Adam from soil. Thus, the holy Quran states: “Verily, the likeness of Jesus before Allah is the likeness of Adam. He created him from dust, then (He) said to him: “Be!” and he was.” [3:59]

Nonetheless, modern embryology has proven this so-called ancient fable to be a possible fact. The term for the virgin birth is referred to in biology as ‘parthenogenesis’. Parthenogenesis is the production of new individuals from virgin females by means of ova which have the power of developing without the intervention of the male element. It is the production, without fertilization. This type of production occurs naturally in some insects and reptiles. Until the new discovery in April 2004 embryologists used to believe that it does not naturally occur in mammals. On 22 April 2004 ABC broadcasted news of the world’s first mammalian virgin birth. A team of Japanese and Korean scientists announced that their laboratory mouse, reproduced without the aid of a father. The detailed news was also printed in the 22 April 2004 issue of the renowned scientific journal of Nature. The Australian embryologist, Professor Patrick Tam, who co-wrote a commentary in the same issue of the journal said: “I was amazed because this hasn’t been possible before.”

The Immaculate Conception

The Roman Catholic Church has proclaimed a dogma called ‘Immaculate Conception’ since the 19th century. According to this dogma Mary was conceived without original sin. They further teach that Mary was also freed from actual sin by a special grace of God. Catholics confirm their dogma with a couple of IsraeliteAhadith narrated inBukhari and Muslim. According to theseAhadith Abu-Hurayrah allegedly narrated from the Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.w ): “No children of Adam are born but Satan has touched them save Mary and her son!” The finger print of Satan is so obvious in theseAhadith . The implication of the above forgedHadith is that all the Messengers of God including Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.w ) as well as any other human being are all born sinful except Prophet Jesus and his mother.

This narration is in absolute contradiction of variousAyaat of the Quran as well as that of common sense. It is also obviously the cultivation of the Christian dogma of Original Sin. I refuted the dogma of ‘Original Sin’ in the story of Prophet Adam.

The Date and the Place of the Birth of Jesus

According to the Gospel of Luke, Mary and Joseph left Galilee for Bethlehem to register for tax. “While they were in Bethlehem her days were completed to give birth, and she bore her first-born son, whom she wrapped in swaddling clothes and laid in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn.” [2:7]

A ‘Manger’ is a trough or a container usually in a barn or stable from which cattle or horses feed. Although Luke is not explicit as to whether or not they were accommodated in a stable, for two reasons this is the most likely. Firstly, Luke indicates that there was no room for them in the inn and secondly the baby is placed in a trough. Therefore, according to Luke Jesus is believed to be born in a stable beside the cattle!

The Quran, as is its usual style, does not mention any details of the place and the date of the birth of Prophet Jesus. The place of thelabour , however, according to the Quran was under a dried date-palm tree that miraculously became a fruit-bearing tree for Mary. Thus, the birth of Jesus must have been in an outdoor place somewhere away from the town, out of sight of her people. The holy Quran mentions no human companion with Mary at the time of her delivery.

The Date of Jesus’ Birth

The Gospels date the birth of Jesus somewhat 10 years apart. Matthew in his second chapter states that Jesus was born when Herod (the King of Judea) was still alive, no later than 3 or 4 BC. Luke, on the other hand, in his second chapter states that Jesus was born whenQuirinius was the governor of Syria, which did not take place until at least ten years after Herod’s death. Christians in justification of the above contradiction suggest thatQuirinius was appointed twice as a governor. Unfortunately, history does not support this suggestion. Thus, historically there is no evidence that so far 2004 years have passed since the birth of Prophet Jesus.

Was Jesus Born on 25 December?

Most Christians celebrate the birth of Jesus on the 25 December of every year except the Armenian Christians who celebrate it on 6 January. Unfortunately, neither of the above celebrations have biblical proof.

According to Luke at the time of the birth of Jesus, the shepherds tended their flocks in the fields at night. “Now there were in the same country shepherds living out in the fields.” [Luke2:8] December in Bethlehem is in the middle of a freezing, cold and rainy winter and no shepherds would have kept their flock outdoors. Keeping the flocks in the field would be more possible sometime in August or September. The holy Quran also confirms that the birth of Jesus could not be in the winter season, due to the fact that Mary gave birth outdoors under a date-palm. According to a Tradition narrated from ImamRedha (a.s ) Prophet Jesus was born on 25 ofThol-Qa’dah which will be on 26 June. The month of June in Bethlehem is the middle of the summer season and hence the above date in theHadith of ImamRedha (a.s ) is in accordance with the Quran and the Biblical record.

In the northern hemisphere the last days of December are the longest nights of the year, the most suitable time for parties. The celebration of the birth of Jesus on 25 December and the New Year five nights afterward would give the best opportunities for the Christians to get caught up in parties, drinking, driving and an increase of the death toll. At best, Christmas is mainly a period of celebrations and a family time. This, it must be acknowledged, has made Christmas more of a holiday than a holy day!

Table of Contents

324 - التفكّر 51

324. THINKING 51

1499 - الحَثُّ عَلَى التَّفَكُّرِ 51

1499. ENCOURAGING THINKING 51

Notes 52

1500 - لا عِبادَةَ كَالتَّفَكُّرِ 53

1500. THERE IS NO WORSHIP LIKE THINKING 53

Notes 53

1501 - مايُصَفِّي الفِكرَ 54

1501. THAT WHICH PURIFIES THOUGHT 54

Notes 54

1502 - التَّفَكُّرُ المَنهِيُّ عَنهُ‏ 55

1502. PROHIBITED THINKING 55

Notes 55

325 - القبر 56

325. THE GRAVE 56

1503 - القَبرُ أوَّلُ مَنازِلِ الآخِرَةِ 56

1503. THE GRAVE THE FIRST STAGE OF THE HEREAFTER 56

Notes 57

1504 - سُؤالُ القَبرِ 58

1504. QUESTIONING IN THE GRAVE 58

Notes 58

1505 - عَذابُ القَبرِ 59

1505. PUNISHMENT IN THE GRAVE 59

Notes 59

326 - القتل‏ 60

326. KILLING 60

1506 - حُرمَةُ قَتلِ النَّفسِ‏ 60

1506. THE PROHIBITION OF KILLING A SOUL [I.E. A HUMAN BEING] 60

Notes 61

1507 - قَتلُ المُؤمِنِ‏ 62

1507. KILLING OF A BELIEVER 62

Notes 63

1508 - تَحريمُ قَتلِ الإنسانِ نَفسَهُ‏ 64

1508. THE PROHIBITION OF SUICIDE 64

Notes 64

327 - القرآن‏ 65

327. THE Quran 65

1509 - عَلَيكُم بِالقُرآنِ‏ 65

1509. ADHERE TO THE QUR'AN 65

Notes 66

1510 - القُرآنُ في كُلِّ زَمانٍ جَديدٌ 68

1510. THE QUR'AN IS NEW IN EVERY ERA 68

Notes 68

1511 - تَعَلُّمُ القُرآنِ وَتَعليمُهُ‏ 69

1511. LEARNING AND TEACHING THE QUR'AN 69

Notes 69

1512 - حِفظُ القُرآنِ و أدبُ حافِظِه‏ 70

1512. MEMORIZING THE QUR'AN AND THE ETIQUETTES OF THOSE WHO MEMORISE IT 70

Notes 71

1513 - الحَثُّ عَلى‏ تِلاوَةِ القُرآنِ‏ 72

1513. URGING THE RECITATION OF THE QUR'AN 72

Notes 72

1514 - قِراءَةُ القُرآنِ بِالصَّوتِ الحَسَنِ‏ 74

1514. RECITING THE QUR'AN WITH A GOOD VOICE 74

Notes 74

1515 - حَقُّ التِّلاوَةِ 75

1515. THE REALITY OF RECITATION 75

Notes 75

1516 - آدابُ القِراءَةِ 76

1516. ETIQUETTE OF RECITATION 76

1 - تنظيفُ الفَمِ : 76

1. Cleaning of the mouth 76

2 - الاستِعاذةُ : 76

2. Seeking refuge 76

3 - التَّرتيلُ : 76

3. Recitation 76

4 - التَّدبّرُ : 76

4. Contemplation 77

5 - الخُشوعُ : 77

5. Humbleness 77

Notes 78

1517 - مَن يَلعَنُه القرآنُ‏ 79

1517. THOSE WHOM THE QUR'AN CURSES 79

Notes 79

1518 - استِماعُ القُرآنِ‏ 80

1518. LISTENING TO THE QUR'AN 80

Notes 80

1519 - التَّحذيرُ مِن التَّفسيرِ بِالرَّأيِ‏ 81

1519. CAUTION AGAINST PERSONAL INTERPRETATION 81

Notes 81

328 - المُقرَّبون‏ 82

328. THOSE BROUGHT NEAR TO ALLAH 82

1520 - غايَةُ التَّقَرُّبِ‏ 82

“A spring where those brought near [to Allah] drink.”⁶ 82

Notes 83

1521 - أقرَبُ الخَلق إلى اللَّهِ‏ 84

1521. THE NEAREST PEOPLE TO ALLAH 84

Notes 84

1522 - ما يُتَقَرَّبُ بِهِ إلَى اللَّهِ‏ 85

1522. WHAT BRINGS ONE NEAR TO ALLAH 85

Notes 85

329 - القَرض‏ 87

329. THE LOAN 87

1523 - فَضلُ القَرضِ‏ 87

1523. THE VIRTUE OF GIVING LOAN 87

Notes 88

1524 - الحَثُّ عَلى إنظارِ المُعسِرِ 90

1524. ENJOINMENT TO GIVE RESPITE TO ONE WHO IS UNABLE TO PAY 90

Notes 90

330 - الإقتصاد 91

330. ECONOMY 91

1525 - الحَثُّ عَلى الاقتِصادِ فِي المَعِيشَةِ 91

1525. ENCOURAGING AN ECONOMICAL LIVELIHOOD 91

Notes 92

1526 - دُورُ الاقتِصادِ فِي الغِنى‏ 93

1526. THE ROLE OF ECONOMISING IN ONE'S NEEDLESSNESS 93

Notes 93

331 - القِصاص‏ 94

331. RETRIBUTION (qisas) 94

1527 - تَشرِيعُ القِصاصِ وَاهمَّيتهُ‏ 94

1527. LEGISLATION OF RETRIBUTION AND ITS IMPORTANCE 94

Notes 95

1528 - العَفوُ عَنِ القِصاصِ‏ 97

1528. FORGIVING THE RETRIBUTION 97

Notes 97

332 - القضاء والقدر 98

332. DECREE AND DESTINY 98

1529 - القَضاءُ وَالقَدَرُ 98

1529. DECREE AND DESTINY 98

“Indeed We have created everything in a measure.”⁶ 98

Notes 99

1530 - كِتابَةُ القَضاءِ وَالقَدَرِ عَلَى الإنسانِ فِي الرَّحِمِ‏ 101

1530. THE WRITING OF DECREE AND DESTINY FOR PEOPLE IN THE WOMB 101

Notes 101

1531 - ما قَضاهُ اللَّهُ لِلمُؤمِنِ فَهُوَ خَيرٌ 102

1531. WHATEVER ALLAH DECREES FOR A BELIEVER IS GOOD 102

Notes 102

1532 - مَن لَم يَرضَ بِالقَضاءِ 103

1532. ONE WHO IS NOT CONTENT WITH THE DECREE 103

Notes 103

1533 - ما هو مِن القَدَرِ 104

1533. WHAT IS PART OF FATE 104

Notes 105

333 - القضاء 106

333. JUDGMENT (in a Court of Justice) 106

1534 - أهَمِّيَّةُ موقِعِ القَضاءِ 106

1534. THE IMPORTANCE OF THE STATUS OF JUDGMENT 106

Notes 107

1535 - التَّحاكُمُ إلَى الطّاغوتِ‏ 108

1535. BRINGING A CASE FOR JUDGMENT BEFORE A TYRANT 108

Notes 108

1536 - خُطورَةُ عَمَلِ القَضاءِ 109

1536. THE DANGER IN THE OCCUPATION OF A JUDGE 109

Notes 109

1537 - طَلَبُ القَضاءِ 110

1537. SEEKING JUDGMENT 110

Notes 110

1538 - آدابُ القَضاءِ 111

1538. THE ETIQUETTE OF JUDGING 111

أ - المُواساةُ بينَ الخُصومِ : 111

a. Equity Between Opposing Plaintiffs 111

ب - أن لا يَعلُوَ كلامُهُ كلامَ الخصمِ : 111

b. The Judge Should Not Raise His Voice over the Plaintiff's 111

ج - أنْ لا يَتَضَجَّرَ في مجلسِ القضاءِ : 111

c. Not Becoming Irritated 111

د - أن لا يَقضيَ قبلَ سماعِ كلامِ الخَصمَينِ معاً : 111

d. Not Passing Judgment before Listening to Both Sides 111

ه - عَدَمُ القَضاءِ في الغَضَبِ : 112

e. Not Passing Judgment While Angry 112

و - أن لا يَقضيَ وهو مُثقَلٌ بالنَّومِ : 112

f. Not Passing Judgment Whilst Being Overcome by Sleep 112

ز - أن لا يَقضيَ وهو جُوعانُ أو عَطشانُ : 112

g. Not Passing Judgment While Hungry or Thirsty 112

ح - أن لا يُضيفَ أحدَ الخَصمَينِ : 112

h. Not Hosting Any of the Plaintiffs as a Guest 113

ط - أن لا يُلَقِّنَ الشُّهودَ : 113

i. Not Suborning the Witnesses 113

Notes 113

1539 - مَن يُسَدِّدُهُ اللَّهُ مِن القُضاةِ 115

1539. THE JUDGES WHOSE MISTAKES ALLAH REMEDIES 115

Notes 115

1540 - أصنافُ القُضاةِ 116

1540. TYPES OF JUDGES 116

Notes 116

1541 - قُضاةُ الحقّ‏ 117

1541. JUST JUDGES 117

Notes 117

1542 - القَضاءُ بِالبَيِّنَةِ 118

1542. JUDGING WITH CLEAR EVIDENCE 118

Notes 119

1543 - قَولُ الإمامِ : أما إنَّها حُكومَةٌ ! 120

1543. THE SAYING OF Imam Ali: 'THIS IS INDEED LIKE A COURT OF JUSTICE' 120

Notes 120

334 - القلب‏ 121

334. THE HEART 121

1544 - القَلبُ‏ 121

1544. THE HEART 121

Notes 122

1545 - سَلامةُ القَلبِ‏ 123

1545. SOUNDNESS OF THE HEART 123

Notes 124

1546 - عَينُ القَلبِ‏ 125

1546. THE EYE OF THE HEART 125

Notes 125

1547 - اُذُنُ القَلبِ‏ 126

1547. THE EAR OF THE HEART 126

Notes 126

1548 - إقبالُ القَلبِ وإدبارُهُ‏ 127

1548. THE DRAWING NEAR AND THE TURNING AWAY OF THE HEART 127

Notes 127

1549 - طَهارَةُ القَلبِ‏ 128

1549. PURITY OF THE HEART 128

Notes 128

1550 - انشِراحُ القَلبِ‏ 129

1550. EXPANDING OF THE HEART 129

“Did We not open your breast for you?”⁴ 129

Notes 129

1551 - حِجابُ القَلبِ‏ 130

1551. THE VEIL OF THE HEART 130

Notes 130

1552 - قَسوَةُ القَلبِ‏ 131

1552. HARD-HEARTEDNESS 131

Notes 132

1553 - مَرَضُ القَلبِ‏ 133

1553. SICKNESS OF THE HEART 133

Notes 133

1554 - ما يَشفِي القَلبَ‏ 134

1554. WHAT CURES THE HEART 134

Notes 134

1555 - ما يُميتُ القَلبَ‏ 135

1555. WHAT KILLS THE HEART 135

Notes 135

1556 - ما يُحيِي القَلبَ‏ 136

1556. WHAT REVIVES THE HEART 136

Notes 136

1557 - ما يُلينُ القَلبَ‏ 137

1557. WHAT SOFTENS THE HEART 137

Notes 137

1558 - ما يَجلِي القَلبَ‏ 138

1558. WHAT POLISHES THE HEART 138

Notes 138

335 - التَّقليد 139

335. EMULATION (taqlid) 139

1559 - التَّقليدُ المَذمومُ‏ 139

1559. DISPARAGED EMULATION 139

Notes 139

1560 - مَن يَجوزُ تَقليدُهُ‏ 140

1560. THOSE WHO ARE PERMITTED TO BE EMULATED 140

Notes 140

336 - القِمار 141

336. GAMBLING 141

1561 - النَّهيُ عَنِ القِمارِ 141

1561. FORBIDING THE GAMBLING 141

Notes 142

337 - القَناعة 143

337. CONTENTMENT 143

1562 - فَضلُ القَناعَةِ 143

1562. THE VIRTUE OF CONTENTMENT 143

Notes 143

1563 - ما يورِثُ القَناعَةَ 145

1563. WHAT BRINGS ABOUT CONTENTMENT 145

Notes 145

1564 - ثَمَرَةُ القَناعَةِ 146

1564. THE FRUIT OF CONTENTMENT 146

Notes 146

1565 - مَن لَم يُقنِعْهُ اليَسيرُ 148

1565. THOSE WHO ARE NOT CONTENT WITH THE LITTLE 148

Notes 148

338 - الكِبر 149

338. ARROGANCE 149

1566 - التَّحذِيرُ مِنَ الكِبرِ 149

1566. WARNING AGAINST ARROGANCE 149

Notes 149

1567 - تَفسيرُ الكِبرِ 151

1567. THE EXPLANATION OF ARROGANCE 151

Notes 152

1568 - ذَمُّ المُتَكَبِّرِ 153

1568. REPREHENSIBILITY OF AN ARROGANT PERSON 153

Notes 153

1569 - عِلاجُ الكِبرِ 154

1569. CURING ARROGANCE 154

Notes 155

1570 - ثَمَرَةُ الكِبرِ 156

1570. THE OUTCOME OF ARROGANCE 156

Notes 156

1571 - مَثوَى المُتَكَبِّرينَ‏ 158

1571. THE ABODE OF THE ARROGANT 158

Notes 158

339 - الكتاب‏ 159

339. WRITING 159

1572 - الكِتابُ‏ 159

1572. Writing 159

“By the Pen and what they write.”² 159

Notes 159

1573 - الكِتابَةُ وَشخصِيَّةُ الكاتِبِ‏ 160

1573. Writing and the Personality OF THE WRITER 160

Notes 160

1574 - الحَثُّ عَلى‏ كِتابَةِ العِلمِ‏ 161

1574. ENJOINMENT OF WRITING KNOWLEDGE 161

Notes 161

1575 - ثَوابُ التَّأليفِ وَالكِتابَةِ 162

1575. THE REWARD OF AUTHORSHIP AND WRITING 162

Notes 162

1576 - أدَبُ الكِتابَةِ 163

1576. THE ETIQUETTE OF WRITING 163

Notes 163

1577 - المُكاتَبَةُ 164

1577. CORRESPONDENCE 164

Notes 164

340 - الكِتمان‏ 165

340. CONCEALMENT 165

1578 - التَّأكيدُ عَلى كِتمانِ الأسرارِ 165

1578. EMPHASISING THE CONCEALING OF SECRETS 165

Notes 166

1579 - مَدحُ العَبدِ الكَتومِ‏ 168

1579. PRAISE OF THE DISCREET WORSHIPPER 168

Notes 168

341 - الكذب‏ 169

341. LYING 169

1580 - ذَمُّ الكِذبِ‏ 169

1580. THE REPREHENSION OF LYING 169

Notes 170

1581 - الكِذبُ وَالإيمانُ‏ 171

1581. LYING AND FAITH 171

Notes 171

1582 - الكِذبُ مِفتاحُ كُلِّ شَرٍّ 172

1582. LYING IS THE KEY TO ALL EVIL 172

Notes 172

1583 - الأمرُ بِتَركِ جِدِّ الكِذبِ وهَزلِهِ‏ 173

1583. THE COMMAND TO REFRAIN FROM LYING, BOTH SERIOUSLY AND JESTINGLY 173

Notes 173

1584 - الكُذَيبَةُ 174

1584. WHITE LIES 174

Notes 174

1585 - ثَمَرَةُ الكِذبِ‏ 175

1585. THE CONSEQUENCE OF LYING 175

Notes 176

1586 - أقبَحُ الكِذبِ‏ 178

1586. THE WORST OF LIES 178

Notes 178

1587 - مَوارِدُ جَوازِ الكِذبِ‏ 180

1587. INSTANCES WHERE LYING IS PERMITTED 180

Notes 180

1588 - التَّورِيَةُ 181

1588. DISSEMBLANCE (TAWRIYA) 181

Notes 181

1589 - استِماعُ الكِذبِ‏ 182

1589. LISTENING TO A LIE 182

Notes 182

342 - الكَرَم‏ 183

342. NOBILITY 183

1590 - فَضلُ الكَرَمِ‏ 183

1590. THE VIRTUE OF NOBILITY 183

Notes 183

1591 - أخلاقُ الكِرامِ‏ 184

1591. THE MORAL OF THE GENEROUS PEOPLE 184

Notes 185

1592 - ما لَيسَ مِن أخلاقِ الكِرامِ‏ 187

1592. WHAT IS NOT REGARDED AS THE VIRTUES 187

Notes 187

1593 - الحَثُّ عَلى‏ إكرامِ الكَريمِ‏ 188

1593. ENCOURAGING KINDNESS TOWARDS 188

Notes 188

1594 - فَضلُ الإكرامِ‏ 189

1594. THE VIRTUE OF TREATING 189

Notes 190

1595 - ذَمُّ رَدِّ الكَرامَةِ 191

1595. REPREHENSION OF REJECTING KINDNESS 191

Notes 191

1596 - أكرَمُ النّاسِ‏ 192

1596. THE MOST HONOURABLE OF PEOPLE 192

Notes 192

1597 - إكرامُ النّاسِ إكرامُ النَّفسِ‏ 193

1597. HONOURING PEOPLE IS HONOURING 193

Notes 193

343 - الكسب‏ 194

343. EARNINGS 194

1598 - أطيَبُ الكَسبِ‏ 194

1598. THE BEST OF EARNINGS 194

Notes 194

1599 - الحَثُّ عَلَى التَّكَسُّبِ بِاليَدِ 195

1599. ENCOURAGEMENT OF EARNING 195

Notes 196

1600 - المَكاسِبُ المَذمومَةُ 197

1600. DISPARAGED EARNINGS 197

Notes 197

344 - الكَسل‏ 198

344. LAZINESS 198

1601 - الكَسَلُ‏ 198

1601. Laziness 198

Notes 199

345 - الكُفر 200

345. DISBELIEF 200

1602 - موجِباتُ الكُفرِ 200

1602. CAUSES OF DISBELIEF 200

Notes 200

1603 - أدنَى الكُفرِ 201

1603. THE LOWEST LEVEL OF DISBELIEF 201

Notes 201

346 - المكافأة 202

346. RECOMPENSE 202

1604 - الحَثُّ عَلى‏ مُكافَأةِ الإحسانِ بِالإحسانِ‏ 202

Notes 203

1605 - ما يَنبَغي فِي المُكافَأةِ وما لا يَنبَغي‏ 204

1605. THAT WHICH SHOULD BE DONE AND 204

Notes 204

1606 - ذَمُّ الانتِقامِ‏ 205

1606. THE REPREHENSION OF REVENGE 205

Notes 205

1607 - كَما تَدينُ تُدانُ‏ 206

1607. AS YOU GIVE SO SHALL YOU GET 206

Notes 206

347 - التكليف‏ 207

347. DUTY 207

1608 - صِفَةُ تَكلِيفِ اللَّهِ‏ 207

1608. DESCRIPTION OF DIVINE DUTY 207

Notes 207

1609 - لا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفساً إلّا وُسعَها 208

1609. ALLAH DOES NOT TASK ANY SOUL 208

Notes 208

348 - الكلام‏ 209

348. SPEAKING 209

1610 - أهَمِّيَّةُ الكَلامِ‏ 209

1610. THE IMPORTANCE OF SPEAKING 209

Notes 210

1611 - التَّحذيرُ مِنَ الكَلامِ المُستَهجَن‏ 211

1611. WARNING OF OFFENSIVE SPEECH 211

Notes 211

1612 - الحَثُّ عَلى‏ تَركِ ما لا يَعني مِن الكَلامِ‏ 212

1612. Encouragement of Refraining from 212

Notes 212

1613 - ذَمُّ فُضولِ الكَلامِ‏ 214

1613. THE CENSURE OF MEDDLESOME SPEECH 214

Notes 214

1614 - النَّهيُ عَن كَثرَةِ الكَلامِ‏ 215

1614. THE PROHIBITION OF SPEAKING 215

Notes 216

1615 - فَضلُ الكَلامِ عَلَى السُّكوتِ‏ 218

1615. THE MERIT OF SPEAKING OVER SILENCE 218

Notes 218

1616 - ما يفضل السُّكوتَ عَلَى الكَلامِ‏ 219

1616. THE MERIT OF SILENCE OVER SPEAKING 219

Notes 219

1617 - أحسَنُ الكَلامِ‏ 221

1617. THE BEST OF SPEECH 221

Notes 221

1618 - فَضلُ طيبِ الكَلامِ‏ 222

1618. THE MERIT OF KIND SPEECH 222

Notes 222

349 - الكمال‏ 224

349. PERFECTION 224

1619 - كَمالُ الإنسانِ‏ 224

1619. PERFECTION OF MAN 224

Notes 225

350 - الكياسة 226

350. SAGACITY 226

1620 - عَلامَةُ الكِياسَةِ 226

1620. THE SIGN OF SAGACITY 226

Notes 227

351 - اللِّباس‏ 228

351. CLOTHING 228

1621 - الالبسة الممدوحة 228

1621. RECOMMENDED CLOTHES 228

Notes 228

1622 - الاِقتِصادُ فِي اللِّباسِ‏ 229

1622. ECONOMIZING IN CLOTHES 229

Notes 229

1623 - خَيرُ لِباسِ كُلِّ زَمانٍ لِباسُ أهلِهِ‏ 230

1623. THE BEST CLOTHING IN EVERY TIME 230

Notes 231

1624 - العِمامَةُ 232

1624. THE TURBAN 232

Notes 232

1625 - الألبِسَةُ المَمنوعَةُ 233

1625. PROHIBITED CLOTHING 233

Notes 233

352 - اللِّجاج‏ 234

352. STUBBORNNESS 234

1626 - ذَمُّ اللَّجاجَةِ 234

1626. REPROACHING STUBBORNNESS 234

Notes 235

353 - اللِّسان‏ 236

353. THE TONGUE 236

1627 - قِيمَةُ اللِّسانِ‏ 236

1627. THE VALUE OF THE TONGUE 236

Notes 236

1628 - سَلامَةُ الإنسانِ في حِفظِ اللِّسانِ‏ 238

1628. THE SAFETY OF A PERSON LIES 238

Notes 239

354 - اللّغو 241

354. VAIN TALK 241

1629 - اللَّغوُ 241

1629. Vain Talk 241

Notes 242

355 - لقاء اللَّه‏ 243

355. MEETING ALLAH 243

1630 - شَوقُ لِقاءِ اللَّهِ‏ 243

1630. YEARNING TO MEET ALLAH 243

Notes 244

356 - اللّهو 245

356. AMUSEMENT 245

1631 - اللَّهوُ 245

1631. AMUSEMENT 245

Notes 245

1632 - ثَمَراتُ اللَّهوِ 246

1632. THE EFFECTS OF AMUSEMENT 246

Notes 246

1633 - الإيمانُ وَاللَّهوُ 247

1633. FAITH AND AMUSEMENT 247

Notes 247

1634 - لَهوُ المُؤمِنِ‏ 248

1634. AMUSEMENT OF BELIEVERS 248

Notes 248

1635 - مُجالَسَةُ الّلآهي‏ 249

1635. ASSOCIATING WITH THE DEBAUCHED 249

Notes 249

357 - اللّواط 250

357. SODOMY 250

1636 - التَّحذِيرُ عَنِ اللِّواطِ 250

1636. CAUTION AGAINST SODOMY 250

Notes 251

358 - الامتحان‏ 252

358. TESTING 252

1637 - الاِمتِحانُ‏ 252

1637. Testing 252

Notes 253

359 - المدح‏ 254

359. PRAISE 254

1638 - ذَمُّ المَدحِ‏ 254

1638. THE CENSURE OF PRAISE 254

Notes 255

1639 - مَدحُ الرَّجُلِ بِما لَيسَ فيهِ‏ 257

1639. PRAISING SOMEONE FOR QUALITIES 257

Notes 258

1640 - التَّحذيرُ مِن مَدحِ الفاجِرِ 259

1640. CAUTION AGAINST PRAISING AN 259

Notes 259

1641 - النَّهيُ عَن تَزكِيَةِ النَّفسِ‏ 260

1641. WARNING OF PRAISING ONESELF 260

Notes 260

360 - المرأة 261

360. WOMAN 261

1642 - كَلامُ وافِدَةِ النِّساءِ مَعَ النَّبِيّ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله‏ 261

1642. THE WORDS OF THE REPRESENTATIVE 261

Notes 262

1643 - خِيارُ خِصالِ النِّساءِ 264

1643. THE BEST CHARACTERISTICS OF WOMEN 264

Notes 264

1644 - المرأةُ الصالحة 265

1644. RIGHTEOUSE WOMEN 265

Notes 265

1645 - مَدحُ حُبِّ النِّساءِ 266

1645. THE PRAISE OF LOVING WOMEN 266

Notes 266

1646 - ذَمُّ حُبِّ النِّساءِ 267

1646. The Censure of the Love OF WOMEN 267

Notes 267

361 - المروءة 268

361. GALLANTRY 268

1647 - تَفسيرُ المُروءَةِ 268

1647. INTERPRETATION OF GALLANTRY 268

Notes 269

362 - المرض‏ 270

362. SICKNESS 270

1648 - بَعضُ حِكَمِ المَرَضِ‏ 270

1648. SOME REASONS BEHIND SICKNESS 270

Notes 270

1649 - كِتمانُ المَرَضِ‏ 272

1649. CONCEALING ONE'S SICKNESS 272

Notes 272

1650 - ذَمُّ مَن لا يَمرَضُ‏ 273

1650. THE REPROACHING OF THOSE WHO DO NOT FALL SICK 273

Notes 273

1651 - عِيادَةُ المَريضِ‏ 274

1651. VISITING THE SICK 274

Notes 274

1652 - أدَبُ العِيادَةِ 275

1652. ETIQUETTES OF VISITING THE SICK 275

Notes 275

363 - المِراء 277

363. DISPUTATION 277

1653 - ذَمُّ المِراءِ وآثارُهُ‏ 277

1653. THE CENSURE OF DISPUTAION AND ITS EFFECTS 277

Notes 278

364 - المِزاح‏ 279

364. JOKING 279

1654 - المِزاحُ المَحمودُ 279

1654. THE PRAISED JOKING 279

Notes 280

365 - المُلك‏ 281

365. SOVEREIGNTY 281

1656 - مالِكُ المُلكِ‏ 281

1656. THE MASTER OF SOVEREIGNTY 281

Notes 281

1657 - خُلطَةُ المُلوكِ‏ 282

1657. MIXING WITH KINGS 282

Notes 282

1658 - خَيرُ المُلوكِ‏ 283

1658. THE BEST OF KINGS 283

Notes 283

1659 - ما يَنبغي لِلملوك‏ 284

1659. WHAT IS APPROPRIATE FOR THE KINGS 284

Notes 284

366 - المَلائكة 285

366. ANGELS 285

1660 - خِلقَةُ المَلائِكَةِ 285

1660. THE CREATION OF ANGELS 285

Notes 285

1661 - صِفَةُ المَلائِكَةِ 287

1661. THE DESCRIPTION OF THE ANGELS 287

Notes 287

1662 - المَلائِكَةُ الحَفَظَةُ 288

1662. THE GUARDIAN ANGELS 288

Notes 288

1663 - البُيوتُ الَّتي لا تَدخُلُها المَلائِكَةُ 290

1663. HOUSES THAT ANGELS DO NOT ENTER 290

Notes 290

367 - الموت‏ 291

367. DEATH 291

1664 - المَوتُ‏ 291

1664. Death 291

Notes 292

1665 - اليَقينُ بِالمَوتِ‏ 293

1665. HAVING CERTAINTY IN DEATH 293

Notes 294

1666 - اقتِرابُ الرَّحيلِ‏ 295

1666. COMING CLOSE TO DEPARTING 295

Notes 295

1667 - تَفسيرُ المَوتِ‏ 296

1667. INTERPRETATION OF DEATH 296

Notes 296

1668 - مَوتُ المُؤمِنِ‏ 298

1668. THE DEATH OF A BELIEVER 298

Notes 298

1669 - ذِكرُ المَوتِ‏ 300

1669. REMEMBRANCE OF DEATH 300

Notes 301

1670 - الاستِعدادُ لِلمَوتِ‏ 302

1670. PREPARING FOR DEATH 302

Notes 303

1671 - تَمَنِّي المَوتِ‏ 304

1671. WISHING FOR DEATH 304

Notes 304

1672 - سَكرَةُ المَوتِ‏ 305

1672. THE AGONY OF DEATH 305

Notes 305

1673 - عِلَّةُ كَراهَةِ المَوتِ‏ 307

1673. THE REASON FOR [MAN'S] DESPISAL OF DEATH 307

Notes 307

1674 - تَمثُّلُ النَّبِيِّ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله وَالأئِمَّةِ عليهم السلام لِلمُحتَضَرِ 308

1674. THE APPEARANCE OF THE PROPHET AND THE Imams TO A DYING PERSON 308

Notes 308

1675 - مَوتُ الفُجأةِ 310

1675. SUDDEN DEATH 310

Notes 310

1676 - تَشييعُ الجَنازَةِ 311

1676. ATTENDING FUNERAL PROCESSIONS 311

Notes 311

1677 - دفنُ المَيِّتِ‏ 313

1677. BURRYING THE DEAD 313

Notes 313

1678 - ما يَتبَعُ الإنسانَ بَعدَ المَوتِ‏ 314

1678. WHAT FOLLOWS A PERSON AFTER HIS DEATH 314

Notes 314

368 - المال‏ 315

368. WEALTH 315

1679 - المالُ مادَّةُ الشَّهَواتِ‏ 315

1679. WEALTH IS THE SUBSTANCE OF DESIRES 315

Notes 315

1680 - آثارُ حُبِّ المالِ‏ 317

1680. THE EFFECTS OF LOVING WEALTH 317

Notes 317

1681 - حُبُّ المالِ مِنَ الحَلالِ‏ 318

1681. LOVE FOR LAWFUL WEALTH 318

Notes 318

1682 - ذَمُّ كَثرَةِ المالِ‏ 319

1682. REPROACHING OF EXCESSIVE WEALTH 319

Notes 320

1683 - مَن كَسَبَ مالاً مِن غَيرِ حِلِّهِ‏ 321

1683. HE WHO ACQUIRES WEALTH FROM ILLEGITIMATE SOURCES 321

Notes 321

1684 - المالُ ما أفادَ الرِّجالَ‏ 323

1684. WEALTH IS WHAT BENEFITS MEN 323

Notes 324

369 - النُّبُوَّةُ «النبوّة العامّة » 325

369. PROPHETHOOD (1) 325

General Prophethood 325

1685 - فَلسَفَةُ النُّبُوَّةِ 325

1685. THE PHILOSOPHY OF PROPHETHOOD 325

1 - التّكاملُ‏ 325

1. Perfection 325

2 - إنقاذُ الإنسانِ مِن وَلايةِ الطّواغيتِ‏ 325

2. Saving Mankind from the Rule of Tyrants 325

3 - تزكيةُ الأخلاقِ‏ 326

3. Purifying Morals 326

4 - قيامُ النّاسِ بالقِسطِ 326

4. Establishing Equity Among People 326

5 - رفعُ الاختلافِ : 327

5. Lifting Differences 327

6 - إتمامُ الحُجّةِ 327

6. Completing the Proof [against them] 327

Notes 328

1686 - أصنافُ الأنبِياءِ عليهم السلام‏ 329

1686. CATEGORIES OF PROPHETS (AS) 329

Notes 329

1687 - عِدَّةُ الأنبِياءِ عليهم السلام‏ 331

1687. THE NUMBER OF PROPHETS (AS) 331

Notes 331

1688 - اُولو العَزمِ من الأنبياء 332

1688. THE ARCH-PROPHETS (ULu AL-AZM) 332

Notes 332

1689 - خَصائِصُ الأنبِياءِ عليهم السلام‏ 334

1689. SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROPHETS (AS) 334

Notes 335

370 - النُّبُوَّةُ (2) «النبوّة الخاصّة » 336

370. PROPHETHOOD (2) 336

Specific Prophethood 336

1690 - آدَمُ عليه السلام‏ 336

1690. Adam (AS) 336

Notes 337

1691 - إدريسُ عليه السلام‏ 339

1691. ENOCH [IDRiS] (AS) 339

Notes 339

1692 - نوحٌ عليه السلام‏ 340

1692. NOAH (AS) [Nuh] 340

قِصّتُهُ عليه السلام فِي القُرآنِ : بَعثُهُ وإرسالُهُ 341

His story in the Quran Sending him as a Prophet with a Message 341

إجتهادُهُ عليه السلام في دَعوتِهِ 342

His Effort in Propagation 342

لَبْثُهُ عليه السلام في قَومِهِ 342

Staying Among his People 342

صَنْعُهُ عليه السلام الفُلْكَ 342

Making the Ark 342

نُزولُ العَذابِ ومَجي‏ءُ الطوفانِ 342

The Descent of Punishment and the Starting of the Flood 342

قَضاءُ الأمرِ ونُزولُهُ ومَن مَعه عليه السلام إلَى‏الأرضِ 343

Fulfilling of the Command and his Descent onto the Ground with those Accompanying him 343

Notes 343

1693 - هودٌ عليه السلام‏ 345

1693. HuD (AS) 345

إشارة إلى قِصّةِ هُودٍ وقَومِهِ عادٍ 346

Details of the Story of Hud and his People and Ad 346

Notes 346

1694 - صالِحٌ عليه السلام‏ 348

1694. SaLIh (AS) 348

إشارة إلى قِصّةِ صالحٍ وقَومِهِ ثَمودَ 348

Details of the Story of Salih and his People, Thamud 348

Notes 350

1695 - إبراهيمُ عليه السلام‏ 351

1695. ABRAHAM (AS) [Ibrahim] 351

قِصّةُ إبراهيمَ عليه السلام فِي القرآنِ الكريمِ 352

The Story of Abraham (AS) in the Holy Quran 352

Notes 355

1696 - لُوطٌ عليه السلام‏ 356

1696. LOT (AS) [Lut] 356

إشارة إلى قِصّةِ لوطٍ عليه السلام وقَومِهِ‏ 356

Details of the Story of Lot and his People 356

Notes 358

1697 - يَعقوبُ ويوسُفُ عليهما السلام‏ 360

1697. JACOB AND JOSEPH (AS) [YAQuB AND YuSUF] 360

Notes 361

1698 - أيُّوبُ عليه السلام‏ 362

1698. JOB (AS) [AYYUB] 362

Notes 363

1699 - شُعَيبٌ عليه السلام‏ 364

1699. SHUAYB (AS) 364

إشارة إلى قِصّةِ شُعَيبٍ عليه السلام وقَومِهِ فِي القُرآنِ الكريمِ 364

Details of the Story of Shuayb and his People in the Holy Quran 364

Notes 366

1700 - موسى‏ وهارونُ عليهما السلام‏ 367

1700. MOSES AND AARON (AS) (Musa AND HaRuN) 367

كلامٌ حَولَ قِصَصِ مُوسى‏ وهارونَ عليهما السلام 368

Details of the Story of Moses and Aaron (AS) 368

Notes 371

1701 - موسى‏ وَالخِضرُ عليهما السلام‏ 373

1701. MOSES AND KHIDR (AS) 373

قِصّةُ مُوسى‏ والخِضرِ عليهما السلام فِي القُرآنِ 374

The Story of Moses and Khidr in the Quran 374

Notes 376

1702 - إسماعِيلُ بن حِزقيلَ‏ 377

1702. ISHMAEL B. HAZQIL (AS) 377

Notes 378

1703 - اليَسَعُ عليه السلام‏ 379

1703. ELISHA (AS) [AL-YASA] 379

Notes 379

1704 - ذُو الكِفلِ عليه السلام‏ 380

1704. DHU'L KIFL (AS) 380

Notes 380

1705 - داوودُ عليه السلام‏ 381

1705. DAVID (AS) [DAWUD] 381

Notes 383

1706 - سُلَيمانُ عليه السلام‏ 384

1706. SOLOMON (AS) [SULAYMAN] 384

Notes 387

1707 - زَكَرِيّا عليه السلام‏ 388

1707. ZACHARIAS (AS) [ZAKARIYYA] 388

Notes 388

1708 - يَحيى‏ عليه السلام‏ 389

1708. JOHN THE BAPTIST (AS) [YAHYA] 389

Notes 390

1709 - عيسى‏ عليه السلام‏ 391

1709. JESUS (AS) [ISa] 391

قِصّةُ عيسى‏ عليه السلام واُمِّهِ فِي القرآنِ 393

The Story of Jesus and his Mother in the Quran 393

Notes 396

1710 - إرمِيا عليه السلام‏ 397

1710. IRMIYA (AS) 397

Notes 398

1711 - يونُس عليه السلام‏ 399

1711. JONAH (AS) [YuNUS] 399

كلامٌ فِي قِصّةِ يونس عليه السلام 399

Details of the Story of Jonah (AS) 399

Notes 401

371 - النُّبُوَّةُ (3) «محمّد رسول اللَّه » 402

371. PROPHETHOOD (3) 402

Muhammad the Messenger of Allah 402

1712 - مُحَمَّدٌ رَسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله‏ 402

1712. Muhammad, THE MESSENGER OF ALLAH (SAWA) 402

Notes 403

1713 - خاتَمُ النَّبِيِّينَ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله‏ 404

1713. THE SEAL OF THE PROPHETS 404

Notes 404

1714 - مُحَمَّدٌ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله عَلى‏ لِسانِ مُحَمَّدٍ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله‏ 405

1714. Muhammad (SAWA) IN THE WORDS OF Muhammad (SAWA) HIMSELF 405

Notes 406

1715 - مُحَمَّدٌ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله عَلى‏ لِسانِ عليٍّ عليه السلام‏ 407

1715. Muhammad (SAWA) IN THE WORDS OF Ali (AS) 407

Notes 408

1716 - عالَمِيَّةُ رِسالَةِ مُحَمَّدٍ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله‏ 409

1716. THE UNIVERSALITY OF THE MESSAGE OF Muhammad (SAWA) 409

Notes 409

1717 - خَيرُ النّاسِ أُسرَةً 410

1717. THE BEST FAMILY AMONG ALL PEOPLE 410

Notes 410

1718 - خَصائصُ الرَّسولِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله‏ 411

1718. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROPHET (SAWA) 411

1 - عَلى‏ خُلُقٍ عَظيمٍ‏ 411

1. A Great Character 411

2 - أمينٌ‏ 412

2. Trustworthy 412

3 - عادِلٌ‏ 413

3. Just 413

4 - شُجاعٌ‏ 413

4. Courageous 413

5 - رَحيمٌ‏ 413

5. Compassionate 413

6 - حَليمٌ‏ 414

6. Tolerant 414

7 - حَيِيٌ‏ 414

7. Shy 414

8 - مُتَواضِعٌ‏ 414

8. Humble 414

9 - مُتَوَكِّلٌ‏ 415

9. Relier [on Allah] 415

10 - صَبورٌ 416

10. Patient 416

11 - زاهِدٌ 416

11. Ascetic 416

12 - إيثارُهُ النّاسَ عَلى‏ نَفسِهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله وأهلِ بَيتِهِ‏ 418

12. Preferring Others Over Himself and his Family 418

13 - عَدَمُ غَضَبِهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله لِنَفسِهِ‏ 418

13. Never Being Angry for Himself 418

14 - إجهادُ نَفسِهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله فِي العِبادَةِ 419

14. Exhausting Himself in Worship 419

Notes 419

372 - النّجوم‏ 422

372. THE STARS 422

1719 - عِلمُ النُّجومِ‏ 422

1719. THE SCIENCE OF THE STARS [ASTRONOMY] 422

Notes 423

373 - النّذر 425

373. THE VOW 425

1720 - الوَفاءُ بِالنَّذرِ 425

1720. The Vow 425

Notes 425

1721 - كَراهَةُ الإيجابِ عَلَى النَّفسِ‏ 427

1721. THE [DIVINE] DISAPPROVAL OF MAKING SOMETHING OBLIGATORY UPON ONESELF 427

Notes 427

374 - النُّصح‏ 428

374. ADVISING 428

1722 - الحَثُّ عَلَى النُّصحِ‏ 428

1722. ENJOINMENT OF ADVICE 428

Notes 429

1723 - عَلامَةُ النّاصِحِ‏ 430

1723. THE SIGNS OF AN ADVISER 430

Notes 430

1724 - الحَثُّ عَلى‏ قَبولِ النَّصيحَةِ 432

1724. ENJOINMENT OF ACCEPTING ADVICE 432

Notes 432

375 - الإنصاف‏ 433

375. FAIRNESS 433

1725 - الحَثُّ عَلَى الإنصافِ‏ 433

1725. Enjoinment of Fairness 433

Notes 433

1726 - الحَثُّ عَلى‏ إنصافِ مَن لا يُنصِفُ‏ 435

1726. ENJOINMENT OF FAIRNESS TOWARDS THOSE WHO ARE NOT FAIR 435

Notes 435

1727 - الاِنتِصافُ مِنَ النَّفسِ‏ 436

1727. FAIRNESS IN SPITE OF ONESELF 436

Notes 436

1728 - مَن لا يَنتَصِفُ‏ 438

1728. THOSE WHO ARE NOT FAIR 438

Notes 438

376 - النّظر 439

376. SIGHT 439

1729 - العَينُ رائِدُ القَلبِ‏ 439

1729. THE EYE IS THE SCOUT OF THE HEART 439

Notes 439

1730 - العُيونُ مَصائِدُ الشَّيطانِ‏ 440

1730. THE EYES ARE THE SNARES OF THE DEVIL 440

Notes 440

1731 - مَن يَكونُ النَّظرُ إلَيهِ عِبادَةً 442

1731. THOSE WHOM LOOKING AT THEM IS CONSIDERED WORSHIP 442

Notes 442

1732 - الحَثُّ عَلى‏ غَضِّ البَصَرِ 443

1732. ENJOINMENT OF LOWERING ONE'S GAZE 443

Notes 444

1733 - النَّظرَةُ الاُولى‏ خَطَأٌ وَالثّانِيَةُ عَمدٌ 445

1733. THE FIRST GLANCE IS A MISTAKE AND THE SECOND IS INTENTIONAL 445

Notes 445

1734 - مَن رَأى‏ امرَأةً تُعجِبُهُ‏ 446

1734. HE WHO SEES A WOMAN THAT PLEASES HIM 446

Notes 446

377 - المناظرة 447

377. DEBATE 447

1735 - المُناظَرَةُ 447

1735. Debate 447

Notes 447

1736 - جَوابُ الإمامِ لِمَن دَعاهُ إلَى المُناظَرَةِ 449

1736. THE IMAM'S ANSWER TO ONE WHO INVITED HIM TO DEBATE 449

Notes 449

378 - النّظافة 450

378. CLEANLINESS 450

1737 - الحَثُّ عَلَى النَّظافَةِ 450

1737. ENJOINMENT OF CLEANLINESS 450

Notes 451

1738 - التَّحذيرُ مِن تَركِ النّظافَةِ 453

1738. WARNING AGAINST UNCLEANLINESS 453

Notes 453

379 - النّعمة 455

379. BOUNTIES 455

1739 - نِعَمُ اللَّهِ لا تُحصى‏ 455

1739. THE BOUNTIES OF ALLAH CANNOT BE ENUMERATED 455

Notes 455

1740 - الغَفلَةُ عَنِ النِّعَمِ‏ 457

1740. NEGLIGENCE OF BOUNTIES 457

Notes 457

1741 - إحسانُ مُجاوَرَةِ النِّعَمِ‏ 458

1741. EMBRACING BOUNTIES 458

Notes 458

1742 - ما يوجِبُ بَقاءَ النِّعَمِ‏ 459

1742. THAT WHICH CAUSES BOUNTIES TO REMAIN 459

Notes 460

1743 - تَتابُعُ النِّعَمِ وَالاستِدراجُ‏ 462

1743. CONSECUTIVE SUCCESSION OF BOUNTIES AND GRADUAL BAITING [FOR CHASTISEMENT] 462

Notes 462

1744 - التَّحَدُّثُ بِنِعمَةِ اللَّهِ‏ 464

1744. PROCLAIMING ABOUT THE BOUNTIES OF ALLAH 464

Notes 464

1745 - تَمامُ النِّعمَةِ 466

1745. THE COMPLETION OF BOUNTIES 466

Notes 466

380 - النّفس‏ 467

380. THE SOUL 467

1746 - النَّفسُ الأمّارَةُ 467

1746. THE CARNAL SOUL THAT PROMPTS TO EVIL 467

Notes 467

1747 - النَّفسُ اللَّوّامَةُ 468

1747. THE SELF-REPROACHING SOUL 468

“And I swear by the self-blaming soul!”² 468

Notes 468

1748 - تَعليمُ النَّفسِ وتَأديبُها وتَهذيبُها 469

1748. TEACHING THE SOUL, DISCIPLINING IT AND PURIFYING IT 469

Notes 470

1749 - آثارُ كَرامَةِ النَّفسِ‏ 471

1749. THE EFFECTS OF A NOBLE SOUL 471

Notes 471

381 - النفاق‏ 472

381. HYPOCRISY 472

1750 - النِّفاقُ‏ 472

1750. HYPOCRISY 472

Notes 472

1751 - صِفَةُ المُنافِقِ‏ 473

1751. THE DESCRIPTION OF A HYPOCRITE 473

Notes 475

1752 - أظهَرُ النّاسِ نِفاقاً 476

1752. THE MOST OBVIOUS HYPOCRITES 476

Notes 476

1753 - التَّحذيرُ مِنَ المُنافِقِ المِنطيقِ‏ 477

1753. CAUTION AGAINST THE ELOQUENT HYPOCRITE 477

Notes 477

1754 - صِفَةُ حَشرِ المُنافِقينَ وعاقِبتُهُم‏ 478

1754. THE DESCRIPTION OF THE RESURRECTION OF HYPOCRITES AND THEIR END 478

Notes 478

1755 - ما يَذهَبُ بِالنِّفاقِ‏ 479

1755. WHAT ERADICATES HYPOCRISY 479

Notes 479

382 - الإنفاق‏ 480

382. SPENDING (in Charity) 480

1756 - فَضلُ الإنفاقِ‏ 480

1756. THE VIRTUE OF SPENDING 480

Notes 481

1757 - بَرَكَةُ الإنفاقِ‏ 483

1757. THE BLESSING OF SPENDING IN HIS WAY 483

Notes 484

1758 - الإنفاقُ بِما تُحبُ‏ 485

1758. SPENDING OUT OF WHAT YOU LOVE 485

Notes 485

1759 - مَن لَم يُنفِق في طاعَةِ اللَّهِ يُنفِق في مَعصِيَتِهِ‏ 486

1759. HE WHO DOES NOT SPEND IN OBEDIENCE OF ALLAH SPENDS IN HIS DISOBEDIENCE 486

Notes 486

1760 - فَضلُ إنفاقِ المُقتِرِ 487

1760. THE VIRTUE OF THE CHARITY GIVEN BY ONE WHO IS HIMSELF STRAITENED 487

Notes 487

1761 - مَن لا تُقبَلُ نَفَقتُهُ‏ 488

1761. THOSE WHOSE SPENDING [IN CHARITY] IS NOT ACCEPTED 488

Notes 488

383 - النّميمة 490

383. TALEBEARING 490

1762 - التَّحذيرُ مِنَ النَّميمَةِ 490

1762. CAUTION AGAINST TALEBEARING 490

Notes 490

1763 - ذَمُّ السِّعايَةِ 492

1763. REPROACHING TALEBEARING 492

Notes 492

384 - النّافلة 493

384. SUPEREROGATORY PRAYERS 493

1764 - فَضلُ النّافِلَةِ 493

1764. THE VIRTUE OF SUPEREROGATORY PRAYERS 493

Notes 493

1765 - تَقديمُ الفَرائِضِ عَلَى النَّوافلِ‏ 494

1765. PRECEDENCE OF THE OBLIGATORY PRAYERS OVER THE SUPEREROGATORY 494

Notes 494

385 - النّور 495

385. THE LIGHT 495

1766 - نُورُ البَصيرَةِ 495

1766. THE LIGHT OF INSIGHT 495

Notes 495

1767 - نورُ القَلبِ ونورُ الوَجهِ‏ 497

1767. THE LIGHT OF THE HEART AND THE LIGHT OF THE FACE 497

Notes 497

1768 - عَلى‏ كُلِّ صَوابٍ نُورٌ 498

1768. THERE IS A LIGHT FOR EVERYTHING GOOD 498

Notes 498

1769 - نورُ المُؤمِنينَ فِي القِيامَةِ 499

1769. THE LIGHT ON THE DAY OF RESURRECTION 499

Notes 499

386 - النّاس‏ 500

386. PEOPLE 500

1770 - النّاسُ‏ 500

1770. PEOPLE 500

Notes 500

1771 - تَساوِي النّاسِ فِي الحُقوقِ‏ 501

1771. THE EQUALITY OF PEOPLE IN RIGHTS 501

Notes 501

1772 - مَن لَيس مِن النّاسِ‏ 502

1772. THOSE WHO ARE NOT CONSIDERED AS PEOPLE [HUMAN] 502

Notes 502

1773 - تَفسيرُ كَلِمَةِ «إمَّعَةٍ » 503

1773. THE EXPLANATION OF THE WORD 'OPPORTUNIST' 503

Notes 503

387 - النّوم‏ 504

387. SLEEP 504

1774 - النَّومُ‏ 504

1774. SLEEP 504

Notes 504

1775 - التَّحذيرُ مِن كَثرَةِ النَّومِ‏ 505

1775. CAUTION AGAINST EXCESSIVE SLEEP 505

Notes 505

1776 - صُعودُ روحِ المُومِنِ عِندَ النَّومِ إلَى السَّماءِ 507

1776. THE ASCENSION OF SPIRITS TO THE SKY DURING SLEEP 507

Notes 507

1777 - آدابُ النَّومِ‏ 508

1777. THE ETIQUETTES OF SLEEPING 508

1 - النَّظافةُ : 508

1. CLEANLINESS 508

2 - الطَّهارةُ : 508

2. Purity 508

3 - عَرضُ النَّفسِ علَى الخَلاءِ : 508

3. Relieving Oneself before Sleeping 508

4 - المُحاسَبةُ : 509

4. TAKING ACCOUNT OF ONESELF 509

5 - القِراءةُ والدُّعاءُ عِندَ النَّومِ : 509

5. RECITING [THE QUR'AN] AND SUPPLICATING AT BEDTIME 509

6 - النَّومُ علَى القَفا أو علَى اليَمينِ : 510

6. SLEEPING ON ONE'S BACK OR SIDE 510

7 - الدُّعاءُ عِندَ الانتِباهِ : 510

7. SUPPLICATION WHEN WAKING UP 510

Notes 510

388 - النّيّة 512

388. INTENTION 512

1778 - دَورُ النِّيَّةِ في العَمَلِ‏ 512

Notes 512

1779 - دَورُ النِّيَّةِ فِي القيامَةِ 514

1779. THE ROLE OF INTENTION IN THE HEREAFTER 514

Notes 514

1780 - ثَوابُ نِيَّةِ الخَيرِ 515

1780. THE REWARD OF AN INTENTION TO DO GOOD 515

Notes 516

1781 - نِيَّةُ المُؤمِنِ خَيرٌ مِن عَمَلِهِ‏ 517

1781. THE INTENTION OF THE BELIEVER IS BETTER THAN HIS ACTION 517

Notes 517

1782 - الحَثُّ عَلَى النِّيَّةِ الصّالحَةِ في كُلِّ شَي‏ءٍ 518

1782. ENJOINMENT OF RIGHTEOUS INTENTIONS IN EVERYTHING 518

Notes 518

1783 - حُسنُ النِّيَّةِ 519

1783. GOOD INTENTION 519

Notes 519

1784 - سوءُ النِّيَّةِ 520

1784. BAD INTENTION 520

Notes 520

389 - الهجرة 521

389. MIGRATION 521

1785 - عَدَمُ انقِطاعِ الهِجرَةِ 521

1785. MIGRATION SHOULD CONTINUE 521

Notes 521

1786 - أفضَلُ الهِجرَةِ 523

1786. THE BEST MIGRATION 523

Notes 523

1787 - وُجوبُ الهِجرَةِ عَن بِلادِ أهلِ المَعاصي‏ 524

1787. THE NECESSITY OF MIGRATING FROM PLACES [POPULATED WITH] SINNERS 524

Notes 524

1788 - النَّهيُ عَنِ التَّعرُّبِ بَعدَ الهِجرَةِ 525

1788. PROHIBITION OF RETURNING TO [A STATE OF] RENEGATION AFTER HAVING MIGRATED [TO BELIEF] (AL-TAARRUB BAD AL-HIJRA) 525

Notes 525

390 - الهجران‏ 527

390. DESERTION 527

1789 - التَّحذيرُ عَنِ الهِجرانِ‏ 527

1789. WARNING AGAINST DESERTION 527

Notes 528

1790 - النَّهيُ عن هِجرَةِ الأخِ فَوقَ ثَلاثٍ‏ 529

1790. THE PROHIBITION OF FORSAKING A BROTHER FOR MORE THAN THREE DAYS 529

Notes 530

391 - الهداية 531

391. GUIDANCE 531

1791 - الهِدايَةُ الإلهِيَّةُ العامَّةُ 531

1791. GENERAL DIVINE GUIDANCE 531

Notes 531

1792 - الإحياءُ بِالهِدايَةِ 532

1792. LIVING WITH GUIDANCE 532

Notes 532

1793 - ثَوابُ الهِدايَةِ 533

1793. THE REWARD FOR GUIDANCE 533

Notes 533

1794 - اختِصاصُ الهِدايَةِ بِاللَّهِ‏ 534

1794. GUIDANCE BEING EXCLUSIVELY FROM ALLAH 534

Notes 534

1795 - مَن يَهديهِمُ اللَّهُ‏ 535

1795. THOSE WHOM ALLAH GUIDES 535

Notes 535

392 - الهديّة 536

392. THE GIFT 536

1796 - الحَثُّ عَلَى الهَدِيَّةِ 536

1796. ENCOURAGING GIVING GIFTS 536

Notes 536

1797 - حُرمَةُ هَدايا العُمّالِ‏ 537

1797. THE PROHIBITION OF GIFTS TO ADMINISTRATORS 537

Notes 537

1798 - النَّهيُ عَن قَبولِ هَدِيَّةِ المُشرِكِ‏ 538

1798. PROHIBITION OF ACCEPTING GIFTS FROM POLYTHEISTS 538

Notes 538

1799 - الحَثُّ عَلى‏ قَبولِ الهَدِيَّةِ 539

1799. ENJOINMENT OF ACCEPTING A GIFT 539

Notes 539

1800 - العائِدُ في هِبَتِهِ‏ 540

1800. TAKING BACK ONE'S GIFT 540

Notes 540

393 - الهَرَم‏ 541

393. OLD AGE 541

1801 - الهََرمُ‏ 541

1801. SENILITY 541

Notes 541

1802 - مايَشِبُّ فِي الإنسانِ عِندَ هَرَمِهِ‏ 542

1802. WHAT BREAKS OUT IN A HUMAN WHEN HE BECOMES SENILE [IN OLD AGE] 542

Notes 542

1803 - موجِباتُ الهَرَمِ قَبلَ أوانِهِ‏ 543

1803. WHAT BRINGS ABOUT SENILITY BEFORE ITS TIME 543

Notes 543

394 - الهَلاك‏ 544

394. DESTRUCTION 544

1804 - ما يوجِبُ الهَلاكَ‏ 544

1804. WHAT BRINGS ABOUT DESTRUCTION 544

Notes 545

395 - الهِمَّة 546

395. AMBITION 546

1805 - فَضلُ عُلُوِّ الهِمَّةِ 546

1805. THE VIRTUE OF HIGH AMBITION 546

Notes 546

1806 - ثَمَراتُ عُلُوِّ الهِمَّةِ 547

1806. THE BENEFITS OF HIGH AMBITION 547

Notes 547

1807 - قِصَرُ الهِمَّةِ 548

1807. LOW AMBITION 548

Notes 548

1808 - مَن كانَت هِمَّتُهُ بَطنَهُ‏ 549

1808. HE WHOSE SOLE CONCERN IS HIS STOMACH 549

Notes 549

396 - الهَوى‏ 550

396. THE DESIRE 550

1809 - الهَوى‏ إلهٌ مَعبودٌ 550

1809. DESIRE IS A WORSHIPPED GOD 550

Notes 550

1810 - التَّحذِيرُ مِن اتِّباعِ الهَوى‏ 551

1810. WARNING AGAINST FOLLOWING DESIRE 551

Notes 551

1811 - آثارُ اتّباعِ الهَوى‏ 553

1811. THE EFFECTS OF YIELDING TO ONE'S DESIRES 553

Notes 554

1812 - مُخالَفَةُ الهَوى‏ 556

1812. OPPOSING ONE'S DESIRES 556

Notes 557

1813 - غَلَبَةُ الهَوى‏ 558

1813. OVERPOWERING DESIRE 558

Notes 558

1814 - أشجَعُ النّاسِ مَن غَلَبَ هَواهُ‏ 560

1814. THE MOST COURAGEOUS OF PEOPLE IS HE WHO OVERCOMES HIS DESIRES 560

Notes 560

1815 - مايُضعِفُ الشَّهوَةَ 561

1815. THAT WHICH WEAKENS CARNAL DESIRES 561

Notes 561

1816 - مَن غَلَبَ هَواهُ‏ 563

1816. HE WHO OVERCOMES HIS DESIRES 563

Notes 563

397 - الإرث‏ 565

397. INHERITANCE 565

1817 - الإرثُ‏ 565

1817. INHERITANCE 565

Notes 566

1818 - مَوانِعُ الإرثِ‏ 567

1818. THOSE WHO ARE DEPRIVED OF INHERITANCE 567

Notes 567

1819 - إرثُ الأنبِياءِ 568

1819. INHERITANCE OF PROPHETS 568

Notes 568

398 - الوَرَع‏ 570

398. PIETY 570

1820 - فَضلُ الوَرَعِ‏ 570

1820. THE VIRTUE OF PIETY 570

Notes 570

1821 - ثَمَرَةُ الوَرَعِ‏ 572

1821. THE FRUIT OF PIETY 572

Notes 572

1822 - دَورُ الوَرَعِ فِي العِبادَةِ 573

1822. THE ROLE OF PIETY IN WORSHIP 573

Notes 573

1823 - تَفسيرُ الوَرَعِ‏ 574

1823. INTERPRETATION OF PIETY 574

Notes 574

1824 - أورَعُ النّاسِ‏ 576

1824. THE MOST PIOUS OF PEOPLE 576

Notes 576

399 - المِيزان‏ 577

399. THE SCALE 577

1825 - مَوازينُ الأعمالِ‏ 577

1825. SCALES OF DEEDS 577

Notes 578

400 - الوَسوَسة 579

400. DEVILISH MISGIVINGS 579

1826 - الوَسوَسَةُ فِي العَقائِدِ 579

1826. MISGIVINGS IN MATTERS OF BELIEF 579

Notes 579

1827 - التَّحذيرُ مِنَ الوَسوَسَةِ فِي الوُضوءِ وَالصَّلاةِ 580

1827. CAUTION AGAINST DOUBTS IN ABLUTION AND PRAYERS 580

Notes 581

1828 - عِلاجُ الوَسواسِ‏ 582

1828. THE TREATMENT OF DEVILISH MISGIVINGS 582

Notes 582

401 - المُواساة 584

401. Consolation 584

1829 - الحَثُّ عَلى‏ المُواساةِ 584

1829. ENCOURAGING CONSOLATION 584

Notes 585

402 - الوصيّةُ 586

402. THE WILL 586

1830 - الحَثُّ عَلَى الوَصِيَّةِ 586

1830. ENCOURAGING TO MAKE A WILL 586

Notes 586

1831 - النَّهىُ عَنِ الإضرارِ وَالحَيفِ فِي الوَصِيَّةِ 588

1831. FORBIDDING CAUSING DAMAGES AND LOSSES IN ONE'S WILL 588

Notes 588

403 - الوُضوء 589

403. ABLUTION 589

1832 - الوُضوءُ 589

1832. Ablution 589

Notes 590

1833 - عِلَّةُ الوُضوءِ 591

1833. THE REASON FOR ABLUTION 591

Notes 591

1834 - آثارُ الوُضوءِ 592

1834. THE EFFECTS OF ABLUTION 592

Notes 592

1835 - فَضلُ كَثرَةِ الوُضوءِ 593

1835. THE VIRTUE OF FREQUENT AND ABUNDANT ABLUTION 593

Notes 593

1836 - تَجديدُ الوُضوءِ 594

1836. RENEWAL OF ABLUTION 594

Notes 594

404 - التَّواضُع‏ 595

404. HUMBLENESS 595

1837 - الحَثُّ عَلَى التَّواضُعِ‏ 595

1837. ENCOURAGING HUMBLENESS 595

Notes 596

1838 - مِن عَلاماتِ التَّواضُعِ‏ 597

1838. SOME OF THE SIGNS OF HUMBLENESS 597

Notes 597

1839 - ثَمَرَةُ التَّواضُعِ‏ 598

1839. THE FRUIT OF HUMBLENESS 598

Notes 599

1840 - ما يُستَعانُ بِهِ عَلَى التَّواضُعِ‏ 600

1840. MEANS TO ACQUIRE HUMBLENESS 600

Notes 600

1841 - حَدُّ التَّواضُعِ‏ 601

1841. LIMITS OF HUMBLENESS 601

Notes 601

405 - الوَطَن‏ 602

405. THE HOMELAND 602

1842 - حُبُّ الوَطَنِ‏ 602

1842. PATRIOTISM 602

Notes 602

1843 - الدِّفاعُ عَنِ الوَطَنِ‏ 603

1843. DEFENDING ONE'S HOMELAND 603

Notes 603

1844 - الغُربَةُ وَالوَطَنُ‏ 604

1844. SEPARATION FROM ONE'S HOMELAND 604

Notes 604

406 - الوَعد 605

406. THE PROMISE 605

1845 - وَعدُ اللَّهِ حَقٌ‏ 605

1845. THE PROMISE OF ALLAH IS TRUE 605

Notes 605

1846 - العِدَةُ دَينٌ‏ 606

1846. THE PROMISE IS A DEBT 606

Notes 606

1847 - الوَعدُ أحَدُ الرِّقَّينِ‏ 607

1847. THE PROMISE IS ONE OF TWO TYPES 607

Notes 607

1848 - ما لا يَنبَغي مِنَ الوَعدِ 608

1848. WHAT SHOULD NOT BE PROMISED 608

Notes 608

1849 - ذَمُّ خُلفِ الوَعدِ 609

1849. REPROACHING THE BREAKING OF A PROMISE 609

Notes 609

407 - المَوعظة 610

407. EXHORTATION 610

1850 - دَورُ المَوعِظَةِ في حَياةِ القَلبِ‏ 610

Notes 610

1851 - أنواعُ الوُعّاظِ 611

1851. TYPES OF EXHORTERS 611

Notes 612

1852 - في كُلِّ شَي‏ءٍ مَوعِظَةٌ 613

1852. THERE IS EXHORTATION IN EVERYTHING 613

Notes 613

1853 - آدابُ المَوعِظَةِ 614

1853. ETIQUETTES OF EXHORTATION 614

Notes 614

1854 - الواعِظُ النَّفسيُ‏ 615

1854. THE PERSONAL EXHORTER 615

Notes 615

1855 - مَن لا يَنتَفِعُ بِالمَوعِظَةِ 616

1855. THOSE WHO DO NOT BENEFIT FROM EXHORTATION 616

Notes 616

1856 - الواعِظُ غَيرُ المُتَّعِظِ 617

1856. THE EXHORTER WHO HIMSELF IS NOT EXHORTED 617

Notes 617

1857 - الدَّعوَةُ بِغَيرِ اللِّسانِ‏ 619

1857. THE SILENT PROPAGATION 619

Notes 619

408 - التَّوفيق‏ 620

408. SUCCESS (tawfiq) 620

1858 - التَّوفيقُ‏ 620

1858. SUCCESS 620

Notes 621

1859 - التَّوفيقُ وَالخِذلانُ‏ 622

1859. SUCCESS AND FAILURE 622

Notes 623

409 - الوَفاء 624

409. LOYALTY 624

1860 - الحَثُّ عَلَى الوَفاءِ بِالعَهدِ 624

1860. ENCOURAGING OF LOYALTY 624

Notes 625

410 - الوَقار 626

410. SOLEMNITY 626

1861 - الحَثُّ عَلَى الوَقارِ 626

1861. ENCOURAGING OF SOLEMNITY 626

Notes 626

1862 - موجِباتُ الوَقارِ 627

1862. WHAT BRINGS ABOUT SOLEMNITY 627

Notes 627

411 - التَّقوى‏ 628

411. GODWARINESS 628

1863 - فَضلُ التَّقوى‏ 628

1863. THE VIRTUE OF GODWARINESS 628

Notes 630

1864 - التَّقوى‏ مِفتاحُ الكَرامَةِ 632

1864. GODWARINESS IS THE KEY TO NOBLENESS 632

Notes 634

1865 - خَصائِصُ المُتَّقينَ‏ 635

1865. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GODWARY 635

Notes 637

1866 - ما يَمنَعُ التَّقوى‏ 638

1866. WHAT HINDERS GODWARINESS 638

Notes 638

1867 - حَقُّ التَّقوى‏ 639

1867. THE REALITY OF GODWARINESS 639

Notes 639

1868 - تَفسيرُ التَّقوى‏ 640

1868. EXPLANATION OF GODWARINESS 640

Notes 640

1869 - أتقَى النّاسِ‏ 641

1869. THE MOST GODWARY OF PEOPLE 641

Notes 641

412 - التَّقيّة 642

412. DISSIMULATION (taqiyya) 642

1870 - تَشرِيعُ التَّقِيَّةِ وَمُورِدُها 642

1870. LEGISLATION OF DISSIMULATION AND INSTANCES IT SHOULD BE OBSERVED 642

Notes 643

1871 - النَّهيُ عَن تَجاوُزِ مَواضعِ التَّقِيَّةِ 644

1871. PROHIBITION OF SURPASSING THE SITUATIONS [CALLING] FOR DISSIMULATION 644

Notes 645

413 - التَّوكُّل‏ 646

413. TRUST (IN ALLAH) 646

1872 - فَضلُ التَّوَكُّلِ‏ 646

1872. THE VIRTUE OF TRUST (IN ALLAH) 646

Notes 646

1873 - تَفسيرُ التَّوَكُّلِ‏ 648

1873. THE EXPLANATION OF TRUST 648

Notes 649

1874 - ثَمَرَةُ التَّوَكُّلِ‏ 650

1874. THE FRUIT OF TRUST [IN ALLAH] 650

Notes 651

1875 - أدَبُ التَّوَكُّلِ‏ 652

1875. THE ETIQUETTE OF TRUST 652

Notes 653

1876 - الاِتّكالُ إلى‏ غَيرِ اللَّهِ‏ 654

1876. RELYING ON OTHER THAN ALLAH 654

Notes 654

414 - الوالِد والوَلد 655

414. PARENT AND CHILD 655

1877 - فَضلُ الوَلدِ 655

1877. THE VIRTUE OF HAVING CHILDREN 655

Notes 655

1878 - فِتنَةُ الوَلَدِ 656

1878. THE TRIAL OF HAVING A CHILD 656

Notes 656

1879 - حُبُّ الوَلَدِ 657

1879. LOVING CHILDREN 657

Notes 657

1880 - التَّصابي لِلصَّبِيِ‏ 658

1880. ACTING CHILDISHLY FOR CHILDREN 658

Notes 658

1881 - الوَلَدُ الصّالِحُ‏ 659

1881. THE RIGHTEOUS CHILD 659

Notes 659

1882 - النَّهيُ عَن كُرهِ البَناتِ‏ 661

1882. PROHIBITION OF HATING GIRLS 661

Notes 661

1883 - الحَثُّ عَلَى العَدلِ بَينَ الأولادِ 662

1883. ENJOINMENT OF JUSTICE BETWEEN CHILDREN 662

Notes 662

1884 - الحَثُّ عَلَى الإحسانِ إلَى الوالِدَينِ‏ 663

1884. ENJOINMENT OF BEING GOOD TO ONE'S PARENTS 663

Notes 664

1885 - الحَثُّ عَلى‏ بِرِّ الوالِدَينِ بَعدَ مَوتِهِما 665

1885. ENJOINMENT OF BEING GOOD TO ONE'S PARENTS [EVEN] AFTER THEIR DEATH 665

Notes 665

1886 - الجَنَّةُ تَحتَ أقدامِ الاُمَّهاتِ‏ 666

1886. HEAVEN IS UNDER THE FEET OF THE MOTHERS 666

Notes 666

1887 - إيذاءُ الوالِدَينِ‏ 667

1887. HURTING ONE'S PARENTS 667

Notes 667

1888 - عُقوقُ الوالِدَينِ‏ 668

1888. INSOLENCE TO ONE'S PARENTS 668

Notes 668

1889 - حَقُّ الوالِدِ عَلَى الوَلَدِ 670

1889. THE RIGHT OF THE PARENT UPON THE CHILD 670

Notes 670

1890 - حَقُّ الوَلَدِ عَلَى الوالِدِ 671

1890. THE RIGHT OF THE CHILD UPON THE PARENT 671

Notes 671

1891 - تَربِيَةُ الوَلَدِ 672

1891. UPBRINGING OF THE CHILD 672

Notes 673

415 - الوِلاية 674

415. AUTHORITY 674

1892 - وُجوبُ طاعَةِ وُلاةِ الأمرِ مِن قِبَلِ اللَّهِ‏ 674

1892. THE NECESSITY OF OBEYING THOSE VESTED WITH AUTHORITY BY ALLAH 674

Notes 675

1893 - ما يوجِبُ تَسَلُّطَ وُلاةِ السَّوءِ 676

1893. WHAT BRINGS ABOUT THE REIGN OF EVIL RULERS 676

Notes 676

1894 - وُلاةُ العَدلِ‏ 677

1894. JUST RULERS 677

Notes 677

1895 - وُلاةُ الجَورِ 678

1895. TYRANNICAL RULERS 678

Notes 678

1896 - ما يَجِبُ عَلَى الوالي في نَفسِهِ‏ 679

1896. WHAT IS OBLIGATORY FOR THE RULER WITH REGARD TO HIMSELF 679

Notes 679

1897 - أهَمُّ مايَجِبُ عَلَى الوالي في وِلايَتِهِ‏ 680

1897. THE MOST IMPORTANT THING A RULER NEEDS IN HIS RULE 680

Notes 681

1898 - ما يَجِبُ عَلَى الوالي في استِعمالِ العُمّالِ‏ 682

1898. WHAT IS OBLIGATORY FOR THE RULER WHEN EMPLOYING WORKERS 682

Notes 683

1899 - عَدمُ الإحتِجابِ‏ 684

1899. TO NOT SECLUDE ONESELF [AWAY FROM ONE'S SUBJECTS] 684

Notes 684

1900 - وُجوبُ اهِتمامِ الوالي بِالمُستَضعَفينَ‏ 685

1900. THE OBLIGATION UPON THE RULER TO GIVE IMPORTANCE TO THE ABASED 685

Notes 686

1901 - خَصائِصُ أولياءِ اللَّهِ‏ 687

1901. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FRIENDS OF ALLAH 687

Notes 687

416 - التهمة 689

416. SUSPICION 689

1902 - التَّحذيرُ مِنَ التُّهَمَةِ 689

1902. WARNING AGAINST SUSPICION 689

Notes 689

1903 - النَّهيُ عَن مَواقِفِ التُّهَمَةِ 690

1903. PROHIBITION OF PLACING ONESELF IN SUSPECT CIRCUMSTANCES 690

Notes 690

417 - اليأس‏ 691

417. DESPAIR 691

1904 - ذَمُّ اليَأسِ‏ 691

1904. THE REPROACHING OF DESPAIR 691

Notes 691

1905 - ثَمَراتُ اليَأسِ مِمّا في أيدِي النّاسِ‏ 692

1905. THE FRUITS OF DESPAIR IN OBTAINING WHAT BELONGS TO OTHERS 692

Notes 692

418 - اليتيم‏ 693

418. THE ORPHAN 693

1906 - الحَثُّ عَلى‏ رِعايَةِ الأيتامِ‏ 693

1906. ENJOINMENT OF LOOKING AFTER ORPHANS 693

Notes 694

1907 - أكلُ مالِ اليَتيمِ‏ 695

1907. THE CONSUMPTION OF THE PROPERTY OF THE ORPHANS 695

Notes 695

419 - اليقين‏ 696

419. CONVICTION 696

1908 - فَضلُ اليَقينِ‏ 696

1908. THE VIRTUE OF CONVICTION 696

Notes 697

1909 - عِلمُ اليَقينِ‏ 698

1909. CERTAIN KNOWLEDGE 698

Notes 698

1910 - تَفسيرُ اليَقينِ‏ 699

1910. INTERPRETATION OF CERTAINTY 699

Notes 699

1911 - عَلاماتُ المُوقِنِ‏ 700

1911. THE SIGNS OF A PERSON OF CONVICTION 700

Notes 700

1912 - ما يُفسِدُ اليَقينَ‏ 702

1912. WHAT CORRUPTS CONVICTION 702

Notes 702

1913 - ضَعفُ اليَقينِ‏ 703

1913. WEAKNESS OF CONVICTION 703

Notes 703

1914 - ثَمَراتُ اليَقينِ‏ 704

1914. THE FRUIT OF CONVICTION 704

Notes 704

1915 - ازدِيادُ اليَقينِ‏ 705

1915. INCREASING CONVICTION 705

Notes 706

Bibliography 707

Table of Contents

324 - التفكّر 51

324. THINKING 51

1499 - الحَثُّ عَلَى التَّفَكُّرِ 51

1499. ENCOURAGING THINKING 51

Notes 52

1500 - لا عِبادَةَ كَالتَّفَكُّرِ 53

1500. THERE IS NO WORSHIP LIKE THINKING 53

Notes 53

1501 - مايُصَفِّي الفِكرَ 54

1501. THAT WHICH PURIFIES THOUGHT 54

Notes 54

1502 - التَّفَكُّرُ المَنهِيُّ عَنهُ‏ 55

1502. PROHIBITED THINKING 55

Notes 55

325 - القبر 56

325. THE GRAVE 56

1503 - القَبرُ أوَّلُ مَنازِلِ الآخِرَةِ 56

1503. THE GRAVE THE FIRST STAGE OF THE HEREAFTER 56

Notes 57

1504 - سُؤالُ القَبرِ 58

1504. QUESTIONING IN THE GRAVE 58

Notes 58

1505 - عَذابُ القَبرِ 59

1505. PUNISHMENT IN THE GRAVE 59

Notes 59

326 - القتل‏ 60

326. KILLING 60

1506 - حُرمَةُ قَتلِ النَّفسِ‏ 60

1506. THE PROHIBITION OF KILLING A SOUL [I.E. A HUMAN BEING] 60

Notes 61

1507 - قَتلُ المُؤمِنِ‏ 62

1507. KILLING OF A BELIEVER 62

Notes 63

1508 - تَحريمُ قَتلِ الإنسانِ نَفسَهُ‏ 64

1508. THE PROHIBITION OF SUICIDE 64

Notes 64

327 - القرآن‏ 65

327. THE Quran 65

1509 - عَلَيكُم بِالقُرآنِ‏ 65

1509. ADHERE TO THE QUR'AN 65

Notes 66

1510 - القُرآنُ في كُلِّ زَمانٍ جَديدٌ 68

1510. THE QUR'AN IS NEW IN EVERY ERA 68

Notes 68

1511 - تَعَلُّمُ القُرآنِ وَتَعليمُهُ‏ 69

1511. LEARNING AND TEACHING THE QUR'AN 69

Notes 69

1512 - حِفظُ القُرآنِ و أدبُ حافِظِه‏ 70

1512. MEMORIZING THE QUR'AN AND THE ETIQUETTES OF THOSE WHO MEMORISE IT 70

Notes 71

1513 - الحَثُّ عَلى‏ تِلاوَةِ القُرآنِ‏ 72

1513. URGING THE RECITATION OF THE QUR'AN 72

Notes 72

1514 - قِراءَةُ القُرآنِ بِالصَّوتِ الحَسَنِ‏ 74

1514. RECITING THE QUR'AN WITH A GOOD VOICE 74

Notes 74

1515 - حَقُّ التِّلاوَةِ 75

1515. THE REALITY OF RECITATION 75

Notes 75

1516 - آدابُ القِراءَةِ 76

1516. ETIQUETTE OF RECITATION 76

1 - تنظيفُ الفَمِ : 76

1. Cleaning of the mouth 76

2 - الاستِعاذةُ : 76

2. Seeking refuge 76

3 - التَّرتيلُ : 76

3. Recitation 76

4 - التَّدبّرُ : 76

4. Contemplation 77

5 - الخُشوعُ : 77

5. Humbleness 77

Notes 78

1517 - مَن يَلعَنُه القرآنُ‏ 79

1517. THOSE WHOM THE QUR'AN CURSES 79

Notes 79

1518 - استِماعُ القُرآنِ‏ 80

1518. LISTENING TO THE QUR'AN 80

Notes 80

1519 - التَّحذيرُ مِن التَّفسيرِ بِالرَّأيِ‏ 81

1519. CAUTION AGAINST PERSONAL INTERPRETATION 81

Notes 81

328 - المُقرَّبون‏ 82

328. THOSE BROUGHT NEAR TO ALLAH 82

1520 - غايَةُ التَّقَرُّبِ‏ 82

“A spring where those brought near [to Allah] drink.”⁶ 82

Notes 83

1521 - أقرَبُ الخَلق إلى اللَّهِ‏ 84

1521. THE NEAREST PEOPLE TO ALLAH 84

Notes 84

1522 - ما يُتَقَرَّبُ بِهِ إلَى اللَّهِ‏ 85

1522. WHAT BRINGS ONE NEAR TO ALLAH 85

Notes 85

329 - القَرض‏ 87

329. THE LOAN 87

1523 - فَضلُ القَرضِ‏ 87

1523. THE VIRTUE OF GIVING LOAN 87

Notes 88

1524 - الحَثُّ عَلى إنظارِ المُعسِرِ 90

1524. ENJOINMENT TO GIVE RESPITE TO ONE WHO IS UNABLE TO PAY 90

Notes 90

330 - الإقتصاد 91

330. ECONOMY 91

1525 - الحَثُّ عَلى الاقتِصادِ فِي المَعِيشَةِ 91

1525. ENCOURAGING AN ECONOMICAL LIVELIHOOD 91

Notes 92

1526 - دُورُ الاقتِصادِ فِي الغِنى‏ 93

1526. THE ROLE OF ECONOMISING IN ONE'S NEEDLESSNESS 93

Notes 93

331 - القِصاص‏ 94

331. RETRIBUTION (qisas) 94

1527 - تَشرِيعُ القِصاصِ وَاهمَّيتهُ‏ 94

1527. LEGISLATION OF RETRIBUTION AND ITS IMPORTANCE 94

Notes 95

1528 - العَفوُ عَنِ القِصاصِ‏ 97

1528. FORGIVING THE RETRIBUTION 97

Notes 97

332 - القضاء والقدر 98

332. DECREE AND DESTINY 98

1529 - القَضاءُ وَالقَدَرُ 98

1529. DECREE AND DESTINY 98

“Indeed We have created everything in a measure.”⁶ 98

Notes 99

1530 - كِتابَةُ القَضاءِ وَالقَدَرِ عَلَى الإنسانِ فِي الرَّحِمِ‏ 101

1530. THE WRITING OF DECREE AND DESTINY FOR PEOPLE IN THE WOMB 101

Notes 101

1531 - ما قَضاهُ اللَّهُ لِلمُؤمِنِ فَهُوَ خَيرٌ 102

1531. WHATEVER ALLAH DECREES FOR A BELIEVER IS GOOD 102

Notes 102

1532 - مَن لَم يَرضَ بِالقَضاءِ 103

1532. ONE WHO IS NOT CONTENT WITH THE DECREE 103

Notes 103

1533 - ما هو مِن القَدَرِ 104

1533. WHAT IS PART OF FATE 104

Notes 105

333 - القضاء 106

333. JUDGMENT (in a Court of Justice) 106

1534 - أهَمِّيَّةُ موقِعِ القَضاءِ 106

1534. THE IMPORTANCE OF THE STATUS OF JUDGMENT 106

Notes 107

1535 - التَّحاكُمُ إلَى الطّاغوتِ‏ 108

1535. BRINGING A CASE FOR JUDGMENT BEFORE A TYRANT 108

Notes 108

1536 - خُطورَةُ عَمَلِ القَضاءِ 109

1536. THE DANGER IN THE OCCUPATION OF A JUDGE 109

Notes 109

1537 - طَلَبُ القَضاءِ 110

1537. SEEKING JUDGMENT 110

Notes 110

1538 - آدابُ القَضاءِ 111

1538. THE ETIQUETTE OF JUDGING 111

أ - المُواساةُ بينَ الخُصومِ : 111

a. Equity Between Opposing Plaintiffs 111

ب - أن لا يَعلُوَ كلامُهُ كلامَ الخصمِ : 111

b. The Judge Should Not Raise His Voice over the Plaintiff's 111

ج - أنْ لا يَتَضَجَّرَ في مجلسِ القضاءِ : 111

c. Not Becoming Irritated 111

د - أن لا يَقضيَ قبلَ سماعِ كلامِ الخَصمَينِ معاً : 111

d. Not Passing Judgment before Listening to Both Sides 111

ه - عَدَمُ القَضاءِ في الغَضَبِ : 112

e. Not Passing Judgment While Angry 112

و - أن لا يَقضيَ وهو مُثقَلٌ بالنَّومِ : 112

f. Not Passing Judgment Whilst Being Overcome by Sleep 112

ز - أن لا يَقضيَ وهو جُوعانُ أو عَطشانُ : 112

g. Not Passing Judgment While Hungry or Thirsty 112

ح - أن لا يُضيفَ أحدَ الخَصمَينِ : 112

h. Not Hosting Any of the Plaintiffs as a Guest 113

ط - أن لا يُلَقِّنَ الشُّهودَ : 113

i. Not Suborning the Witnesses 113

Notes 113

1539 - مَن يُسَدِّدُهُ اللَّهُ مِن القُضاةِ 115

1539. THE JUDGES WHOSE MISTAKES ALLAH REMEDIES 115

Notes 115

1540 - أصنافُ القُضاةِ 116

1540. TYPES OF JUDGES 116

Notes 116

1541 - قُضاةُ الحقّ‏ 117

1541. JUST JUDGES 117

Notes 117

1542 - القَضاءُ بِالبَيِّنَةِ 118

1542. JUDGING WITH CLEAR EVIDENCE 118

Notes 119

1543 - قَولُ الإمامِ : أما إنَّها حُكومَةٌ ! 120

1543. THE SAYING OF Imam Ali: 'THIS IS INDEED LIKE A COURT OF JUSTICE' 120

Notes 120

334 - القلب‏ 121

334. THE HEART 121

1544 - القَلبُ‏ 121

1544. THE HEART 121

Notes 122

1545 - سَلامةُ القَلبِ‏ 123

1545. SOUNDNESS OF THE HEART 123

Notes 124

1546 - عَينُ القَلبِ‏ 125

1546. THE EYE OF THE HEART 125

Notes 125

1547 - اُذُنُ القَلبِ‏ 126

1547. THE EAR OF THE HEART 126

Notes 126

1548 - إقبالُ القَلبِ وإدبارُهُ‏ 127

1548. THE DRAWING NEAR AND THE TURNING AWAY OF THE HEART 127

Notes 127

1549 - طَهارَةُ القَلبِ‏ 128

1549. PURITY OF THE HEART 128

Notes 128

1550 - انشِراحُ القَلبِ‏ 129

1550. EXPANDING OF THE HEART 129

“Did We not open your breast for you?”⁴ 129

Notes 129

1551 - حِجابُ القَلبِ‏ 130

1551. THE VEIL OF THE HEART 130

Notes 130

1552 - قَسوَةُ القَلبِ‏ 131

1552. HARD-HEARTEDNESS 131

Notes 132

1553 - مَرَضُ القَلبِ‏ 133

1553. SICKNESS OF THE HEART 133

Notes 133

1554 - ما يَشفِي القَلبَ‏ 134

1554. WHAT CURES THE HEART 134

Notes 134

1555 - ما يُميتُ القَلبَ‏ 135

1555. WHAT KILLS THE HEART 135

Notes 135

1556 - ما يُحيِي القَلبَ‏ 136

1556. WHAT REVIVES THE HEART 136

Notes 136

1557 - ما يُلينُ القَلبَ‏ 137

1557. WHAT SOFTENS THE HEART 137

Notes 137

1558 - ما يَجلِي القَلبَ‏ 138

1558. WHAT POLISHES THE HEART 138

Notes 138

335 - التَّقليد 139

335. EMULATION (taqlid) 139

1559 - التَّقليدُ المَذمومُ‏ 139

1559. DISPARAGED EMULATION 139

Notes 139

1560 - مَن يَجوزُ تَقليدُهُ‏ 140

1560. THOSE WHO ARE PERMITTED TO BE EMULATED 140

Notes 140

336 - القِمار 141

336. GAMBLING 141

1561 - النَّهيُ عَنِ القِمارِ 141

1561. FORBIDING THE GAMBLING 141

Notes 142

337 - القَناعة 143

337. CONTENTMENT 143

1562 - فَضلُ القَناعَةِ 143

1562. THE VIRTUE OF CONTENTMENT 143

Notes 143

1563 - ما يورِثُ القَناعَةَ 145

1563. WHAT BRINGS ABOUT CONTENTMENT 145

Notes 145

1564 - ثَمَرَةُ القَناعَةِ 146

1564. THE FRUIT OF CONTENTMENT 146

Notes 146

1565 - مَن لَم يُقنِعْهُ اليَسيرُ 148

1565. THOSE WHO ARE NOT CONTENT WITH THE LITTLE 148

Notes 148

338 - الكِبر 149

338. ARROGANCE 149

1566 - التَّحذِيرُ مِنَ الكِبرِ 149

1566. WARNING AGAINST ARROGANCE 149

Notes 149

1567 - تَفسيرُ الكِبرِ 151

1567. THE EXPLANATION OF ARROGANCE 151

Notes 152

1568 - ذَمُّ المُتَكَبِّرِ 153

1568. REPREHENSIBILITY OF AN ARROGANT PERSON 153

Notes 153

1569 - عِلاجُ الكِبرِ 154

1569. CURING ARROGANCE 154

Notes 155

1570 - ثَمَرَةُ الكِبرِ 156

1570. THE OUTCOME OF ARROGANCE 156

Notes 156

1571 - مَثوَى المُتَكَبِّرينَ‏ 158

1571. THE ABODE OF THE ARROGANT 158

Notes 158

339 - الكتاب‏ 159

339. WRITING 159

1572 - الكِتابُ‏ 159

1572. Writing 159

“By the Pen and what they write.”² 159

Notes 159

1573 - الكِتابَةُ وَشخصِيَّةُ الكاتِبِ‏ 160

1573. Writing and the Personality OF THE WRITER 160

Notes 160

1574 - الحَثُّ عَلى‏ كِتابَةِ العِلمِ‏ 161

1574. ENJOINMENT OF WRITING KNOWLEDGE 161

Notes 161

1575 - ثَوابُ التَّأليفِ وَالكِتابَةِ 162

1575. THE REWARD OF AUTHORSHIP AND WRITING 162

Notes 162

1576 - أدَبُ الكِتابَةِ 163

1576. THE ETIQUETTE OF WRITING 163

Notes 163

1577 - المُكاتَبَةُ 164

1577. CORRESPONDENCE 164

Notes 164

340 - الكِتمان‏ 165

340. CONCEALMENT 165

1578 - التَّأكيدُ عَلى كِتمانِ الأسرارِ 165

1578. EMPHASISING THE CONCEALING OF SECRETS 165

Notes 166

1579 - مَدحُ العَبدِ الكَتومِ‏ 168

1579. PRAISE OF THE DISCREET WORSHIPPER 168

Notes 168

341 - الكذب‏ 169

341. LYING 169

1580 - ذَمُّ الكِذبِ‏ 169

1580. THE REPREHENSION OF LYING 169

Notes 170

1581 - الكِذبُ وَالإيمانُ‏ 171

1581. LYING AND FAITH 171

Notes 171

1582 - الكِذبُ مِفتاحُ كُلِّ شَرٍّ 172

1582. LYING IS THE KEY TO ALL EVIL 172

Notes 172

1583 - الأمرُ بِتَركِ جِدِّ الكِذبِ وهَزلِهِ‏ 173

1583. THE COMMAND TO REFRAIN FROM LYING, BOTH SERIOUSLY AND JESTINGLY 173

Notes 173

1584 - الكُذَيبَةُ 174

1584. WHITE LIES 174

Notes 174

1585 - ثَمَرَةُ الكِذبِ‏ 175

1585. THE CONSEQUENCE OF LYING 175

Notes 176

1586 - أقبَحُ الكِذبِ‏ 178

1586. THE WORST OF LIES 178

Notes 178

1587 - مَوارِدُ جَوازِ الكِذبِ‏ 180

1587. INSTANCES WHERE LYING IS PERMITTED 180

Notes 180

1588 - التَّورِيَةُ 181

1588. DISSEMBLANCE (TAWRIYA) 181

Notes 181

1589 - استِماعُ الكِذبِ‏ 182

1589. LISTENING TO A LIE 182

Notes 182

342 - الكَرَم‏ 183

342. NOBILITY 183

1590 - فَضلُ الكَرَمِ‏ 183

1590. THE VIRTUE OF NOBILITY 183

Notes 183

1591 - أخلاقُ الكِرامِ‏ 184

1591. THE MORAL OF THE GENEROUS PEOPLE 184

Notes 185

1592 - ما لَيسَ مِن أخلاقِ الكِرامِ‏ 187

1592. WHAT IS NOT REGARDED AS THE VIRTUES 187

Notes 187

1593 - الحَثُّ عَلى‏ إكرامِ الكَريمِ‏ 188

1593. ENCOURAGING KINDNESS TOWARDS 188

Notes 188

1594 - فَضلُ الإكرامِ‏ 189

1594. THE VIRTUE OF TREATING 189

Notes 190

1595 - ذَمُّ رَدِّ الكَرامَةِ 191

1595. REPREHENSION OF REJECTING KINDNESS 191

Notes 191

1596 - أكرَمُ النّاسِ‏ 192

1596. THE MOST HONOURABLE OF PEOPLE 192

Notes 192

1597 - إكرامُ النّاسِ إكرامُ النَّفسِ‏ 193

1597. HONOURING PEOPLE IS HONOURING 193

Notes 193

343 - الكسب‏ 194

343. EARNINGS 194

1598 - أطيَبُ الكَسبِ‏ 194

1598. THE BEST OF EARNINGS 194

Notes 194

1599 - الحَثُّ عَلَى التَّكَسُّبِ بِاليَدِ 195

1599. ENCOURAGEMENT OF EARNING 195

Notes 196

1600 - المَكاسِبُ المَذمومَةُ 197

1600. DISPARAGED EARNINGS 197

Notes 197

344 - الكَسل‏ 198

344. LAZINESS 198

1601 - الكَسَلُ‏ 198

1601. Laziness 198

Notes 199

345 - الكُفر 200

345. DISBELIEF 200

1602 - موجِباتُ الكُفرِ 200

1602. CAUSES OF DISBELIEF 200

Notes 200

1603 - أدنَى الكُفرِ 201

1603. THE LOWEST LEVEL OF DISBELIEF 201

Notes 201

346 - المكافأة 202

346. RECOMPENSE 202

1604 - الحَثُّ عَلى‏ مُكافَأةِ الإحسانِ بِالإحسانِ‏ 202

Notes 203

1605 - ما يَنبَغي فِي المُكافَأةِ وما لا يَنبَغي‏ 204

1605. THAT WHICH SHOULD BE DONE AND 204

Notes 204

1606 - ذَمُّ الانتِقامِ‏ 205

1606. THE REPREHENSION OF REVENGE 205

Notes 205

1607 - كَما تَدينُ تُدانُ‏ 206

1607. AS YOU GIVE SO SHALL YOU GET 206

Notes 206

347 - التكليف‏ 207

347. DUTY 207

1608 - صِفَةُ تَكلِيفِ اللَّهِ‏ 207

1608. DESCRIPTION OF DIVINE DUTY 207

Notes 207

1609 - لا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفساً إلّا وُسعَها 208

1609. ALLAH DOES NOT TASK ANY SOUL 208

Notes 208

348 - الكلام‏ 209

348. SPEAKING 209

1610 - أهَمِّيَّةُ الكَلامِ‏ 209

1610. THE IMPORTANCE OF SPEAKING 209

Notes 210

1611 - التَّحذيرُ مِنَ الكَلامِ المُستَهجَن‏ 211

1611. WARNING OF OFFENSIVE SPEECH 211

Notes 211

1612 - الحَثُّ عَلى‏ تَركِ ما لا يَعني مِن الكَلامِ‏ 212

1612. Encouragement of Refraining from 212

Notes 212

1613 - ذَمُّ فُضولِ الكَلامِ‏ 214

1613. THE CENSURE OF MEDDLESOME SPEECH 214

Notes 214

1614 - النَّهيُ عَن كَثرَةِ الكَلامِ‏ 215

1614. THE PROHIBITION OF SPEAKING 215

Notes 216

1615 - فَضلُ الكَلامِ عَلَى السُّكوتِ‏ 218

1615. THE MERIT OF SPEAKING OVER SILENCE 218

Notes 218

1616 - ما يفضل السُّكوتَ عَلَى الكَلامِ‏ 219

1616. THE MERIT OF SILENCE OVER SPEAKING 219

Notes 219

1617 - أحسَنُ الكَلامِ‏ 221

1617. THE BEST OF SPEECH 221

Notes 221

1618 - فَضلُ طيبِ الكَلامِ‏ 222

1618. THE MERIT OF KIND SPEECH 222

Notes 222

349 - الكمال‏ 224

349. PERFECTION 224

1619 - كَمالُ الإنسانِ‏ 224

1619. PERFECTION OF MAN 224

Notes 225

350 - الكياسة 226

350. SAGACITY 226

1620 - عَلامَةُ الكِياسَةِ 226

1620. THE SIGN OF SAGACITY 226

Notes 227

351 - اللِّباس‏ 228

351. CLOTHING 228

1621 - الالبسة الممدوحة 228

1621. RECOMMENDED CLOTHES 228

Notes 228

1622 - الاِقتِصادُ فِي اللِّباسِ‏ 229

1622. ECONOMIZING IN CLOTHES 229

Notes 229

1623 - خَيرُ لِباسِ كُلِّ زَمانٍ لِباسُ أهلِهِ‏ 230

1623. THE BEST CLOTHING IN EVERY TIME 230

Notes 231

1624 - العِمامَةُ 232

1624. THE TURBAN 232

Notes 232

1625 - الألبِسَةُ المَمنوعَةُ 233

1625. PROHIBITED CLOTHING 233

Notes 233

352 - اللِّجاج‏ 234

352. STUBBORNNESS 234

1626 - ذَمُّ اللَّجاجَةِ 234

1626. REPROACHING STUBBORNNESS 234

Notes 235

353 - اللِّسان‏ 236

353. THE TONGUE 236

1627 - قِيمَةُ اللِّسانِ‏ 236

1627. THE VALUE OF THE TONGUE 236

Notes 236

1628 - سَلامَةُ الإنسانِ في حِفظِ اللِّسانِ‏ 238

1628. THE SAFETY OF A PERSON LIES 238

Notes 239

354 - اللّغو 241

354. VAIN TALK 241

1629 - اللَّغوُ 241

1629. Vain Talk 241

Notes 242

355 - لقاء اللَّه‏ 243

355. MEETING ALLAH 243

1630 - شَوقُ لِقاءِ اللَّهِ‏ 243

1630. YEARNING TO MEET ALLAH 243

Notes 244

356 - اللّهو 245

356. AMUSEMENT 245

1631 - اللَّهوُ 245

1631. AMUSEMENT 245

Notes 245

1632 - ثَمَراتُ اللَّهوِ 246

1632. THE EFFECTS OF AMUSEMENT 246

Notes 246

1633 - الإيمانُ وَاللَّهوُ 247

1633. FAITH AND AMUSEMENT 247

Notes 247

1634 - لَهوُ المُؤمِنِ‏ 248

1634. AMUSEMENT OF BELIEVERS 248

Notes 248

1635 - مُجالَسَةُ الّلآهي‏ 249

1635. ASSOCIATING WITH THE DEBAUCHED 249

Notes 249

357 - اللّواط 250

357. SODOMY 250

1636 - التَّحذِيرُ عَنِ اللِّواطِ 250

1636. CAUTION AGAINST SODOMY 250

Notes 251

358 - الامتحان‏ 252

358. TESTING 252

1637 - الاِمتِحانُ‏ 252

1637. Testing 252

Notes 253

359 - المدح‏ 254

359. PRAISE 254

1638 - ذَمُّ المَدحِ‏ 254

1638. THE CENSURE OF PRAISE 254

Notes 255

1639 - مَدحُ الرَّجُلِ بِما لَيسَ فيهِ‏ 257

1639. PRAISING SOMEONE FOR QUALITIES 257

Notes 258

1640 - التَّحذيرُ مِن مَدحِ الفاجِرِ 259

1640. CAUTION AGAINST PRAISING AN 259

Notes 259

1641 - النَّهيُ عَن تَزكِيَةِ النَّفسِ‏ 260

1641. WARNING OF PRAISING ONESELF 260

Notes 260

360 - المرأة 261

360. WOMAN 261

1642 - كَلامُ وافِدَةِ النِّساءِ مَعَ النَّبِيّ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله‏ 261

1642. THE WORDS OF THE REPRESENTATIVE 261

Notes 262

1643 - خِيارُ خِصالِ النِّساءِ 264

1643. THE BEST CHARACTERISTICS OF WOMEN 264

Notes 264

1644 - المرأةُ الصالحة 265

1644. RIGHTEOUSE WOMEN 265

Notes 265

1645 - مَدحُ حُبِّ النِّساءِ 266

1645. THE PRAISE OF LOVING WOMEN 266

Notes 266

1646 - ذَمُّ حُبِّ النِّساءِ 267

1646. The Censure of the Love OF WOMEN 267

Notes 267

361 - المروءة 268

361. GALLANTRY 268

1647 - تَفسيرُ المُروءَةِ 268

1647. INTERPRETATION OF GALLANTRY 268

Notes 269

362 - المرض‏ 270

362. SICKNESS 270

1648 - بَعضُ حِكَمِ المَرَضِ‏ 270

1648. SOME REASONS BEHIND SICKNESS 270

Notes 270

1649 - كِتمانُ المَرَضِ‏ 272

1649. CONCEALING ONE'S SICKNESS 272

Notes 272

1650 - ذَمُّ مَن لا يَمرَضُ‏ 273

1650. THE REPROACHING OF THOSE WHO DO NOT FALL SICK 273

Notes 273

1651 - عِيادَةُ المَريضِ‏ 274

1651. VISITING THE SICK 274

Notes 274

1652 - أدَبُ العِيادَةِ 275

1652. ETIQUETTES OF VISITING THE SICK 275

Notes 275

363 - المِراء 277

363. DISPUTATION 277

1653 - ذَمُّ المِراءِ وآثارُهُ‏ 277

1653. THE CENSURE OF DISPUTAION AND ITS EFFECTS 277

Notes 278

364 - المِزاح‏ 279

364. JOKING 279

1654 - المِزاحُ المَحمودُ 279

1654. THE PRAISED JOKING 279

Notes 280

365 - المُلك‏ 281

365. SOVEREIGNTY 281

1656 - مالِكُ المُلكِ‏ 281

1656. THE MASTER OF SOVEREIGNTY 281

Notes 281

1657 - خُلطَةُ المُلوكِ‏ 282

1657. MIXING WITH KINGS 282

Notes 282

1658 - خَيرُ المُلوكِ‏ 283

1658. THE BEST OF KINGS 283

Notes 283

1659 - ما يَنبغي لِلملوك‏ 284

1659. WHAT IS APPROPRIATE FOR THE KINGS 284

Notes 284

366 - المَلائكة 285

366. ANGELS 285

1660 - خِلقَةُ المَلائِكَةِ 285

1660. THE CREATION OF ANGELS 285

Notes 285

1661 - صِفَةُ المَلائِكَةِ 287

1661. THE DESCRIPTION OF THE ANGELS 287

Notes 287

1662 - المَلائِكَةُ الحَفَظَةُ 288

1662. THE GUARDIAN ANGELS 288

Notes 288

1663 - البُيوتُ الَّتي لا تَدخُلُها المَلائِكَةُ 290

1663. HOUSES THAT ANGELS DO NOT ENTER 290

Notes 290

367 - الموت‏ 291

367. DEATH 291

1664 - المَوتُ‏ 291

1664. Death 291

Notes 292

1665 - اليَقينُ بِالمَوتِ‏ 293

1665. HAVING CERTAINTY IN DEATH 293

Notes 294

1666 - اقتِرابُ الرَّحيلِ‏ 295

1666. COMING CLOSE TO DEPARTING 295

Notes 295

1667 - تَفسيرُ المَوتِ‏ 296

1667. INTERPRETATION OF DEATH 296

Notes 296

1668 - مَوتُ المُؤمِنِ‏ 298

1668. THE DEATH OF A BELIEVER 298

Notes 298

1669 - ذِكرُ المَوتِ‏ 300

1669. REMEMBRANCE OF DEATH 300

Notes 301

1670 - الاستِعدادُ لِلمَوتِ‏ 302

1670. PREPARING FOR DEATH 302

Notes 303

1671 - تَمَنِّي المَوتِ‏ 304

1671. WISHING FOR DEATH 304

Notes 304

1672 - سَكرَةُ المَوتِ‏ 305

1672. THE AGONY OF DEATH 305

Notes 305

1673 - عِلَّةُ كَراهَةِ المَوتِ‏ 307

1673. THE REASON FOR [MAN'S] DESPISAL OF DEATH 307

Notes 307

1674 - تَمثُّلُ النَّبِيِّ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله وَالأئِمَّةِ عليهم السلام لِلمُحتَضَرِ 308

1674. THE APPEARANCE OF THE PROPHET AND THE Imams TO A DYING PERSON 308

Notes 308

1675 - مَوتُ الفُجأةِ 310

1675. SUDDEN DEATH 310

Notes 310

1676 - تَشييعُ الجَنازَةِ 311

1676. ATTENDING FUNERAL PROCESSIONS 311

Notes 311

1677 - دفنُ المَيِّتِ‏ 313

1677. BURRYING THE DEAD 313

Notes 313

1678 - ما يَتبَعُ الإنسانَ بَعدَ المَوتِ‏ 314

1678. WHAT FOLLOWS A PERSON AFTER HIS DEATH 314

Notes 314

368 - المال‏ 315

368. WEALTH 315

1679 - المالُ مادَّةُ الشَّهَواتِ‏ 315

1679. WEALTH IS THE SUBSTANCE OF DESIRES 315

Notes 315

1680 - آثارُ حُبِّ المالِ‏ 317

1680. THE EFFECTS OF LOVING WEALTH 317

Notes 317

1681 - حُبُّ المالِ مِنَ الحَلالِ‏ 318

1681. LOVE FOR LAWFUL WEALTH 318

Notes 318

1682 - ذَمُّ كَثرَةِ المالِ‏ 319

1682. REPROACHING OF EXCESSIVE WEALTH 319

Notes 320

1683 - مَن كَسَبَ مالاً مِن غَيرِ حِلِّهِ‏ 321

1683. HE WHO ACQUIRES WEALTH FROM ILLEGITIMATE SOURCES 321

Notes 321

1684 - المالُ ما أفادَ الرِّجالَ‏ 323

1684. WEALTH IS WHAT BENEFITS MEN 323

Notes 324

369 - النُّبُوَّةُ «النبوّة العامّة » 325

369. PROPHETHOOD (1) 325

General Prophethood 325

1685 - فَلسَفَةُ النُّبُوَّةِ 325

1685. THE PHILOSOPHY OF PROPHETHOOD 325

1 - التّكاملُ‏ 325

1. Perfection 325

2 - إنقاذُ الإنسانِ مِن وَلايةِ الطّواغيتِ‏ 325

2. Saving Mankind from the Rule of Tyrants 325

3 - تزكيةُ الأخلاقِ‏ 326

3. Purifying Morals 326

4 - قيامُ النّاسِ بالقِسطِ 326

4. Establishing Equity Among People 326

5 - رفعُ الاختلافِ : 327

5. Lifting Differences 327

6 - إتمامُ الحُجّةِ 327

6. Completing the Proof [against them] 327

Notes 328

1686 - أصنافُ الأنبِياءِ عليهم السلام‏ 329

1686. CATEGORIES OF PROPHETS (AS) 329

Notes 329

1687 - عِدَّةُ الأنبِياءِ عليهم السلام‏ 331

1687. THE NUMBER OF PROPHETS (AS) 331

Notes 331

1688 - اُولو العَزمِ من الأنبياء 332

1688. THE ARCH-PROPHETS (ULu AL-AZM) 332

Notes 332

1689 - خَصائِصُ الأنبِياءِ عليهم السلام‏ 334

1689. SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROPHETS (AS) 334

Notes 335

370 - النُّبُوَّةُ (2) «النبوّة الخاصّة » 336

370. PROPHETHOOD (2) 336

Specific Prophethood 336

1690 - آدَمُ عليه السلام‏ 336

1690. Adam (AS) 336

Notes 337

1691 - إدريسُ عليه السلام‏ 339

1691. ENOCH [IDRiS] (AS) 339

Notes 339

1692 - نوحٌ عليه السلام‏ 340

1692. NOAH (AS) [Nuh] 340

قِصّتُهُ عليه السلام فِي القُرآنِ : بَعثُهُ وإرسالُهُ 341

His story in the Quran Sending him as a Prophet with a Message 341

إجتهادُهُ عليه السلام في دَعوتِهِ 342

His Effort in Propagation 342

لَبْثُهُ عليه السلام في قَومِهِ 342

Staying Among his People 342

صَنْعُهُ عليه السلام الفُلْكَ 342

Making the Ark 342

نُزولُ العَذابِ ومَجي‏ءُ الطوفانِ 342

The Descent of Punishment and the Starting of the Flood 342

قَضاءُ الأمرِ ونُزولُهُ ومَن مَعه عليه السلام إلَى‏الأرضِ 343

Fulfilling of the Command and his Descent onto the Ground with those Accompanying him 343

Notes 343

1693 - هودٌ عليه السلام‏ 345

1693. HuD (AS) 345

إشارة إلى قِصّةِ هُودٍ وقَومِهِ عادٍ 346

Details of the Story of Hud and his People and Ad 346

Notes 346

1694 - صالِحٌ عليه السلام‏ 348

1694. SaLIh (AS) 348

إشارة إلى قِصّةِ صالحٍ وقَومِهِ ثَمودَ 348

Details of the Story of Salih and his People, Thamud 348

Notes 350

1695 - إبراهيمُ عليه السلام‏ 351

1695. ABRAHAM (AS) [Ibrahim] 351

قِصّةُ إبراهيمَ عليه السلام فِي القرآنِ الكريمِ 352

The Story of Abraham (AS) in the Holy Quran 352

Notes 355

1696 - لُوطٌ عليه السلام‏ 356

1696. LOT (AS) [Lut] 356

إشارة إلى قِصّةِ لوطٍ عليه السلام وقَومِهِ‏ 356

Details of the Story of Lot and his People 356

Notes 358

1697 - يَعقوبُ ويوسُفُ عليهما السلام‏ 360

1697. JACOB AND JOSEPH (AS) [YAQuB AND YuSUF] 360

Notes 361

1698 - أيُّوبُ عليه السلام‏ 362

1698. JOB (AS) [AYYUB] 362

Notes 363

1699 - شُعَيبٌ عليه السلام‏ 364

1699. SHUAYB (AS) 364

إشارة إلى قِصّةِ شُعَيبٍ عليه السلام وقَومِهِ فِي القُرآنِ الكريمِ 364

Details of the Story of Shuayb and his People in the Holy Quran 364

Notes 366

1700 - موسى‏ وهارونُ عليهما السلام‏ 367

1700. MOSES AND AARON (AS) (Musa AND HaRuN) 367

كلامٌ حَولَ قِصَصِ مُوسى‏ وهارونَ عليهما السلام 368

Details of the Story of Moses and Aaron (AS) 368

Notes 371

1701 - موسى‏ وَالخِضرُ عليهما السلام‏ 373

1701. MOSES AND KHIDR (AS) 373

قِصّةُ مُوسى‏ والخِضرِ عليهما السلام فِي القُرآنِ 374

The Story of Moses and Khidr in the Quran 374

Notes 376

1702 - إسماعِيلُ بن حِزقيلَ‏ 377

1702. ISHMAEL B. HAZQIL (AS) 377

Notes 378

1703 - اليَسَعُ عليه السلام‏ 379

1703. ELISHA (AS) [AL-YASA] 379

Notes 379

1704 - ذُو الكِفلِ عليه السلام‏ 380

1704. DHU'L KIFL (AS) 380

Notes 380

1705 - داوودُ عليه السلام‏ 381

1705. DAVID (AS) [DAWUD] 381

Notes 383

1706 - سُلَيمانُ عليه السلام‏ 384

1706. SOLOMON (AS) [SULAYMAN] 384

Notes 387

1707 - زَكَرِيّا عليه السلام‏ 388

1707. ZACHARIAS (AS) [ZAKARIYYA] 388

Notes 388

1708 - يَحيى‏ عليه السلام‏ 389

1708. JOHN THE BAPTIST (AS) [YAHYA] 389

Notes 390

1709 - عيسى‏ عليه السلام‏ 391

1709. JESUS (AS) [ISa] 391

قِصّةُ عيسى‏ عليه السلام واُمِّهِ فِي القرآنِ 393

The Story of Jesus and his Mother in the Quran 393

Notes 396

1710 - إرمِيا عليه السلام‏ 397

1710. IRMIYA (AS) 397

Notes 398

1711 - يونُس عليه السلام‏ 399

1711. JONAH (AS) [YuNUS] 399

كلامٌ فِي قِصّةِ يونس عليه السلام 399

Details of the Story of Jonah (AS) 399

Notes 401

371 - النُّبُوَّةُ (3) «محمّد رسول اللَّه » 402

371. PROPHETHOOD (3) 402

Muhammad the Messenger of Allah 402

1712 - مُحَمَّدٌ رَسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله‏ 402

1712. Muhammad, THE MESSENGER OF ALLAH (SAWA) 402

Notes 403

1713 - خاتَمُ النَّبِيِّينَ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله‏ 404

1713. THE SEAL OF THE PROPHETS 404

Notes 404

1714 - مُحَمَّدٌ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله عَلى‏ لِسانِ مُحَمَّدٍ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله‏ 405

1714. Muhammad (SAWA) IN THE WORDS OF Muhammad (SAWA) HIMSELF 405

Notes 406

1715 - مُحَمَّدٌ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله عَلى‏ لِسانِ عليٍّ عليه السلام‏ 407

1715. Muhammad (SAWA) IN THE WORDS OF Ali (AS) 407

Notes 408

1716 - عالَمِيَّةُ رِسالَةِ مُحَمَّدٍ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله‏ 409

1716. THE UNIVERSALITY OF THE MESSAGE OF Muhammad (SAWA) 409

Notes 409

1717 - خَيرُ النّاسِ أُسرَةً 410

1717. THE BEST FAMILY AMONG ALL PEOPLE 410

Notes 410

1718 - خَصائصُ الرَّسولِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله‏ 411

1718. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROPHET (SAWA) 411

1 - عَلى‏ خُلُقٍ عَظيمٍ‏ 411

1. A Great Character 411

2 - أمينٌ‏ 412

2. Trustworthy 412

3 - عادِلٌ‏ 413

3. Just 413

4 - شُجاعٌ‏ 413

4. Courageous 413

5 - رَحيمٌ‏ 413

5. Compassionate 413

6 - حَليمٌ‏ 414

6. Tolerant 414

7 - حَيِيٌ‏ 414

7. Shy 414

8 - مُتَواضِعٌ‏ 414

8. Humble 414

9 - مُتَوَكِّلٌ‏ 415

9. Relier [on Allah] 415

10 - صَبورٌ 416

10. Patient 416

11 - زاهِدٌ 416

11. Ascetic 416

12 - إيثارُهُ النّاسَ عَلى‏ نَفسِهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله وأهلِ بَيتِهِ‏ 418

12. Preferring Others Over Himself and his Family 418

13 - عَدَمُ غَضَبِهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله لِنَفسِهِ‏ 418

13. Never Being Angry for Himself 418

14 - إجهادُ نَفسِهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله فِي العِبادَةِ 419

14. Exhausting Himself in Worship 419

Notes 419

372 - النّجوم‏ 422

372. THE STARS 422

1719 - عِلمُ النُّجومِ‏ 422

1719. THE SCIENCE OF THE STARS [ASTRONOMY] 422

Notes 423

373 - النّذر 425

373. THE VOW 425

1720 - الوَفاءُ بِالنَّذرِ 425

1720. The Vow 425

Notes 425

1721 - كَراهَةُ الإيجابِ عَلَى النَّفسِ‏ 427

1721. THE [DIVINE] DISAPPROVAL OF MAKING SOMETHING OBLIGATORY UPON ONESELF 427

Notes 427

374 - النُّصح‏ 428

374. ADVISING 428

1722 - الحَثُّ عَلَى النُّصحِ‏ 428

1722. ENJOINMENT OF ADVICE 428

Notes 429

1723 - عَلامَةُ النّاصِحِ‏ 430

1723. THE SIGNS OF AN ADVISER 430

Notes 430

1724 - الحَثُّ عَلى‏ قَبولِ النَّصيحَةِ 432

1724. ENJOINMENT OF ACCEPTING ADVICE 432

Notes 432

375 - الإنصاف‏ 433

375. FAIRNESS 433

1725 - الحَثُّ عَلَى الإنصافِ‏ 433

1725. Enjoinment of Fairness 433

Notes 433

1726 - الحَثُّ عَلى‏ إنصافِ مَن لا يُنصِفُ‏ 435

1726. ENJOINMENT OF FAIRNESS TOWARDS THOSE WHO ARE NOT FAIR 435

Notes 435

1727 - الاِنتِصافُ مِنَ النَّفسِ‏ 436

1727. FAIRNESS IN SPITE OF ONESELF 436

Notes 436

1728 - مَن لا يَنتَصِفُ‏ 438

1728. THOSE WHO ARE NOT FAIR 438

Notes 438

376 - النّظر 439

376. SIGHT 439

1729 - العَينُ رائِدُ القَلبِ‏ 439

1729. THE EYE IS THE SCOUT OF THE HEART 439

Notes 439

1730 - العُيونُ مَصائِدُ الشَّيطانِ‏ 440

1730. THE EYES ARE THE SNARES OF THE DEVIL 440

Notes 440

1731 - مَن يَكونُ النَّظرُ إلَيهِ عِبادَةً 442

1731. THOSE WHOM LOOKING AT THEM IS CONSIDERED WORSHIP 442

Notes 442

1732 - الحَثُّ عَلى‏ غَضِّ البَصَرِ 443

1732. ENJOINMENT OF LOWERING ONE'S GAZE 443

Notes 444

1733 - النَّظرَةُ الاُولى‏ خَطَأٌ وَالثّانِيَةُ عَمدٌ 445

1733. THE FIRST GLANCE IS A MISTAKE AND THE SECOND IS INTENTIONAL 445

Notes 445

1734 - مَن رَأى‏ امرَأةً تُعجِبُهُ‏ 446

1734. HE WHO SEES A WOMAN THAT PLEASES HIM 446

Notes 446

377 - المناظرة 447

377. DEBATE 447

1735 - المُناظَرَةُ 447

1735. Debate 447

Notes 447

1736 - جَوابُ الإمامِ لِمَن دَعاهُ إلَى المُناظَرَةِ 449

1736. THE IMAM'S ANSWER TO ONE WHO INVITED HIM TO DEBATE 449

Notes 449

378 - النّظافة 450

378. CLEANLINESS 450

1737 - الحَثُّ عَلَى النَّظافَةِ 450

1737. ENJOINMENT OF CLEANLINESS 450

Notes 451

1738 - التَّحذيرُ مِن تَركِ النّظافَةِ 453

1738. WARNING AGAINST UNCLEANLINESS 453

Notes 453

379 - النّعمة 455

379. BOUNTIES 455

1739 - نِعَمُ اللَّهِ لا تُحصى‏ 455

1739. THE BOUNTIES OF ALLAH CANNOT BE ENUMERATED 455

Notes 455

1740 - الغَفلَةُ عَنِ النِّعَمِ‏ 457

1740. NEGLIGENCE OF BOUNTIES 457

Notes 457

1741 - إحسانُ مُجاوَرَةِ النِّعَمِ‏ 458

1741. EMBRACING BOUNTIES 458

Notes 458

1742 - ما يوجِبُ بَقاءَ النِّعَمِ‏ 459

1742. THAT WHICH CAUSES BOUNTIES TO REMAIN 459

Notes 460

1743 - تَتابُعُ النِّعَمِ وَالاستِدراجُ‏ 462

1743. CONSECUTIVE SUCCESSION OF BOUNTIES AND GRADUAL BAITING [FOR CHASTISEMENT] 462

Notes 462

1744 - التَّحَدُّثُ بِنِعمَةِ اللَّهِ‏ 464

1744. PROCLAIMING ABOUT THE BOUNTIES OF ALLAH 464

Notes 464

1745 - تَمامُ النِّعمَةِ 466

1745. THE COMPLETION OF BOUNTIES 466

Notes 466

380 - النّفس‏ 467

380. THE SOUL 467

1746 - النَّفسُ الأمّارَةُ 467

1746. THE CARNAL SOUL THAT PROMPTS TO EVIL 467

Notes 467

1747 - النَّفسُ اللَّوّامَةُ 468

1747. THE SELF-REPROACHING SOUL 468

“And I swear by the self-blaming soul!”² 468

Notes 468

1748 - تَعليمُ النَّفسِ وتَأديبُها وتَهذيبُها 469

1748. TEACHING THE SOUL, DISCIPLINING IT AND PURIFYING IT 469

Notes 470

1749 - آثارُ كَرامَةِ النَّفسِ‏ 471

1749. THE EFFECTS OF A NOBLE SOUL 471

Notes 471

381 - النفاق‏ 472

381. HYPOCRISY 472

1750 - النِّفاقُ‏ 472

1750. HYPOCRISY 472

Notes 472

1751 - صِفَةُ المُنافِقِ‏ 473

1751. THE DESCRIPTION OF A HYPOCRITE 473

Notes 475

1752 - أظهَرُ النّاسِ نِفاقاً 476

1752. THE MOST OBVIOUS HYPOCRITES 476

Notes 476

1753 - التَّحذيرُ مِنَ المُنافِقِ المِنطيقِ‏ 477

1753. CAUTION AGAINST THE ELOQUENT HYPOCRITE 477

Notes 477

1754 - صِفَةُ حَشرِ المُنافِقينَ وعاقِبتُهُم‏ 478

1754. THE DESCRIPTION OF THE RESURRECTION OF HYPOCRITES AND THEIR END 478

Notes 478

1755 - ما يَذهَبُ بِالنِّفاقِ‏ 479

1755. WHAT ERADICATES HYPOCRISY 479

Notes 479

382 - الإنفاق‏ 480

382. SPENDING (in Charity) 480

1756 - فَضلُ الإنفاقِ‏ 480

1756. THE VIRTUE OF SPENDING 480

Notes 481

1757 - بَرَكَةُ الإنفاقِ‏ 483

1757. THE BLESSING OF SPENDING IN HIS WAY 483

Notes 484

1758 - الإنفاقُ بِما تُحبُ‏ 485

1758. SPENDING OUT OF WHAT YOU LOVE 485

Notes 485

1759 - مَن لَم يُنفِق في طاعَةِ اللَّهِ يُنفِق في مَعصِيَتِهِ‏ 486

1759. HE WHO DOES NOT SPEND IN OBEDIENCE OF ALLAH SPENDS IN HIS DISOBEDIENCE 486

Notes 486

1760 - فَضلُ إنفاقِ المُقتِرِ 487

1760. THE VIRTUE OF THE CHARITY GIVEN BY ONE WHO IS HIMSELF STRAITENED 487

Notes 487

1761 - مَن لا تُقبَلُ نَفَقتُهُ‏ 488

1761. THOSE WHOSE SPENDING [IN CHARITY] IS NOT ACCEPTED 488

Notes 488

383 - النّميمة 490

383. TALEBEARING 490

1762 - التَّحذيرُ مِنَ النَّميمَةِ 490

1762. CAUTION AGAINST TALEBEARING 490

Notes 490

1763 - ذَمُّ السِّعايَةِ 492

1763. REPROACHING TALEBEARING 492

Notes 492

384 - النّافلة 493

384. SUPEREROGATORY PRAYERS 493

1764 - فَضلُ النّافِلَةِ 493

1764. THE VIRTUE OF SUPEREROGATORY PRAYERS 493

Notes 493

1765 - تَقديمُ الفَرائِضِ عَلَى النَّوافلِ‏ 494

1765. PRECEDENCE OF THE OBLIGATORY PRAYERS OVER THE SUPEREROGATORY 494

Notes 494

385 - النّور 495

385. THE LIGHT 495

1766 - نُورُ البَصيرَةِ 495

1766. THE LIGHT OF INSIGHT 495

Notes 495

1767 - نورُ القَلبِ ونورُ الوَجهِ‏ 497

1767. THE LIGHT OF THE HEART AND THE LIGHT OF THE FACE 497

Notes 497

1768 - عَلى‏ كُلِّ صَوابٍ نُورٌ 498

1768. THERE IS A LIGHT FOR EVERYTHING GOOD 498

Notes 498

1769 - نورُ المُؤمِنينَ فِي القِيامَةِ 499

1769. THE LIGHT ON THE DAY OF RESURRECTION 499

Notes 499

386 - النّاس‏ 500

386. PEOPLE 500

1770 - النّاسُ‏ 500

1770. PEOPLE 500

Notes 500

1771 - تَساوِي النّاسِ فِي الحُقوقِ‏ 501

1771. THE EQUALITY OF PEOPLE IN RIGHTS 501

Notes 501

1772 - مَن لَيس مِن النّاسِ‏ 502

1772. THOSE WHO ARE NOT CONSIDERED AS PEOPLE [HUMAN] 502

Notes 502

1773 - تَفسيرُ كَلِمَةِ «إمَّعَةٍ » 503

1773. THE EXPLANATION OF THE WORD 'OPPORTUNIST' 503

Notes 503

387 - النّوم‏ 504

387. SLEEP 504

1774 - النَّومُ‏ 504

1774. SLEEP 504

Notes 504

1775 - التَّحذيرُ مِن كَثرَةِ النَّومِ‏ 505

1775. CAUTION AGAINST EXCESSIVE SLEEP 505

Notes 505

1776 - صُعودُ روحِ المُومِنِ عِندَ النَّومِ إلَى السَّماءِ 507

1776. THE ASCENSION OF SPIRITS TO THE SKY DURING SLEEP 507

Notes 507

1777 - آدابُ النَّومِ‏ 508

1777. THE ETIQUETTES OF SLEEPING 508

1 - النَّظافةُ : 508

1. CLEANLINESS 508

2 - الطَّهارةُ : 508

2. Purity 508

3 - عَرضُ النَّفسِ علَى الخَلاءِ : 508

3. Relieving Oneself before Sleeping 508

4 - المُحاسَبةُ : 509

4. TAKING ACCOUNT OF ONESELF 509

5 - القِراءةُ والدُّعاءُ عِندَ النَّومِ : 509

5. RECITING [THE QUR'AN] AND SUPPLICATING AT BEDTIME 509

6 - النَّومُ علَى القَفا أو علَى اليَمينِ : 510

6. SLEEPING ON ONE'S BACK OR SIDE 510

7 - الدُّعاءُ عِندَ الانتِباهِ : 510

7. SUPPLICATION WHEN WAKING UP 510

Notes 510

388 - النّيّة 512

388. INTENTION 512

1778 - دَورُ النِّيَّةِ في العَمَلِ‏ 512

Notes 512

1779 - دَورُ النِّيَّةِ فِي القيامَةِ 514

1779. THE ROLE OF INTENTION IN THE HEREAFTER 514

Notes 514

1780 - ثَوابُ نِيَّةِ الخَيرِ 515

1780. THE REWARD OF AN INTENTION TO DO GOOD 515

Notes 516

1781 - نِيَّةُ المُؤمِنِ خَيرٌ مِن عَمَلِهِ‏ 517

1781. THE INTENTION OF THE BELIEVER IS BETTER THAN HIS ACTION 517

Notes 517

1782 - الحَثُّ عَلَى النِّيَّةِ الصّالحَةِ في كُلِّ شَي‏ءٍ 518

1782. ENJOINMENT OF RIGHTEOUS INTENTIONS IN EVERYTHING 518

Notes 518

1783 - حُسنُ النِّيَّةِ 519

1783. GOOD INTENTION 519

Notes 519

1784 - سوءُ النِّيَّةِ 520

1784. BAD INTENTION 520

Notes 520

389 - الهجرة 521

389. MIGRATION 521

1785 - عَدَمُ انقِطاعِ الهِجرَةِ 521

1785. MIGRATION SHOULD CONTINUE 521

Notes 521

1786 - أفضَلُ الهِجرَةِ 523

1786. THE BEST MIGRATION 523

Notes 523

1787 - وُجوبُ الهِجرَةِ عَن بِلادِ أهلِ المَعاصي‏ 524

1787. THE NECESSITY OF MIGRATING FROM PLACES [POPULATED WITH] SINNERS 524

Notes 524

1788 - النَّهيُ عَنِ التَّعرُّبِ بَعدَ الهِجرَةِ 525

1788. PROHIBITION OF RETURNING TO [A STATE OF] RENEGATION AFTER HAVING MIGRATED [TO BELIEF] (AL-TAARRUB BAD AL-HIJRA) 525

Notes 525

390 - الهجران‏ 527

390. DESERTION 527

1789 - التَّحذيرُ عَنِ الهِجرانِ‏ 527

1789. WARNING AGAINST DESERTION 527

Notes 528

1790 - النَّهيُ عن هِجرَةِ الأخِ فَوقَ ثَلاثٍ‏ 529

1790. THE PROHIBITION OF FORSAKING A BROTHER FOR MORE THAN THREE DAYS 529

Notes 530

391 - الهداية 531

391. GUIDANCE 531

1791 - الهِدايَةُ الإلهِيَّةُ العامَّةُ 531

1791. GENERAL DIVINE GUIDANCE 531

Notes 531

1792 - الإحياءُ بِالهِدايَةِ 532

1792. LIVING WITH GUIDANCE 532

Notes 532

1793 - ثَوابُ الهِدايَةِ 533

1793. THE REWARD FOR GUIDANCE 533

Notes 533

1794 - اختِصاصُ الهِدايَةِ بِاللَّهِ‏ 534

1794. GUIDANCE BEING EXCLUSIVELY FROM ALLAH 534

Notes 534

1795 - مَن يَهديهِمُ اللَّهُ‏ 535

1795. THOSE WHOM ALLAH GUIDES 535

Notes 535

392 - الهديّة 536

392. THE GIFT 536

1796 - الحَثُّ عَلَى الهَدِيَّةِ 536

1796. ENCOURAGING GIVING GIFTS 536

Notes 536

1797 - حُرمَةُ هَدايا العُمّالِ‏ 537

1797. THE PROHIBITION OF GIFTS TO ADMINISTRATORS 537

Notes 537

1798 - النَّهيُ عَن قَبولِ هَدِيَّةِ المُشرِكِ‏ 538

1798. PROHIBITION OF ACCEPTING GIFTS FROM POLYTHEISTS 538

Notes 538

1799 - الحَثُّ عَلى‏ قَبولِ الهَدِيَّةِ 539

1799. ENJOINMENT OF ACCEPTING A GIFT 539

Notes 539

1800 - العائِدُ في هِبَتِهِ‏ 540

1800. TAKING BACK ONE'S GIFT 540

Notes 540

393 - الهَرَم‏ 541

393. OLD AGE 541

1801 - الهََرمُ‏ 541

1801. SENILITY 541

Notes 541

1802 - مايَشِبُّ فِي الإنسانِ عِندَ هَرَمِهِ‏ 542

1802. WHAT BREAKS OUT IN A HUMAN WHEN HE BECOMES SENILE [IN OLD AGE] 542

Notes 542

1803 - موجِباتُ الهَرَمِ قَبلَ أوانِهِ‏ 543

1803. WHAT BRINGS ABOUT SENILITY BEFORE ITS TIME 543

Notes 543

394 - الهَلاك‏ 544

394. DESTRUCTION 544

1804 - ما يوجِبُ الهَلاكَ‏ 544

1804. WHAT BRINGS ABOUT DESTRUCTION 544

Notes 545

395 - الهِمَّة 546

395. AMBITION 546

1805 - فَضلُ عُلُوِّ الهِمَّةِ 546

1805. THE VIRTUE OF HIGH AMBITION 546

Notes 546

1806 - ثَمَراتُ عُلُوِّ الهِمَّةِ 547

1806. THE BENEFITS OF HIGH AMBITION 547

Notes 547

1807 - قِصَرُ الهِمَّةِ 548

1807. LOW AMBITION 548

Notes 548

1808 - مَن كانَت هِمَّتُهُ بَطنَهُ‏ 549

1808. HE WHOSE SOLE CONCERN IS HIS STOMACH 549

Notes 549

396 - الهَوى‏ 550

396. THE DESIRE 550

1809 - الهَوى‏ إلهٌ مَعبودٌ 550

1809. DESIRE IS A WORSHIPPED GOD 550

Notes 550

1810 - التَّحذِيرُ مِن اتِّباعِ الهَوى‏ 551

1810. WARNING AGAINST FOLLOWING DESIRE 551

Notes 551

1811 - آثارُ اتّباعِ الهَوى‏ 553

1811. THE EFFECTS OF YIELDING TO ONE'S DESIRES 553

Notes 554

1812 - مُخالَفَةُ الهَوى‏ 556

1812. OPPOSING ONE'S DESIRES 556

Notes 557

1813 - غَلَبَةُ الهَوى‏ 558

1813. OVERPOWERING DESIRE 558

Notes 558

1814 - أشجَعُ النّاسِ مَن غَلَبَ هَواهُ‏ 560

1814. THE MOST COURAGEOUS OF PEOPLE IS HE WHO OVERCOMES HIS DESIRES 560

Notes 560

1815 - مايُضعِفُ الشَّهوَةَ 561

1815. THAT WHICH WEAKENS CARNAL DESIRES 561

Notes 561

1816 - مَن غَلَبَ هَواهُ‏ 563

1816. HE WHO OVERCOMES HIS DESIRES 563

Notes 563

397 - الإرث‏ 565

397. INHERITANCE 565

1817 - الإرثُ‏ 565

1817. INHERITANCE 565

Notes 566

1818 - مَوانِعُ الإرثِ‏ 567

1818. THOSE WHO ARE DEPRIVED OF INHERITANCE 567

Notes 567

1819 - إرثُ الأنبِياءِ 568

1819. INHERITANCE OF PROPHETS 568

Notes 568

398 - الوَرَع‏ 570

398. PIETY 570

1820 - فَضلُ الوَرَعِ‏ 570

1820. THE VIRTUE OF PIETY 570

Notes 570

1821 - ثَمَرَةُ الوَرَعِ‏ 572

1821. THE FRUIT OF PIETY 572

Notes 572

1822 - دَورُ الوَرَعِ فِي العِبادَةِ 573

1822. THE ROLE OF PIETY IN WORSHIP 573

Notes 573

1823 - تَفسيرُ الوَرَعِ‏ 574

1823. INTERPRETATION OF PIETY 574

Notes 574

1824 - أورَعُ النّاسِ‏ 576

1824. THE MOST PIOUS OF PEOPLE 576

Notes 576

399 - المِيزان‏ 577

399. THE SCALE 577

1825 - مَوازينُ الأعمالِ‏ 577

1825. SCALES OF DEEDS 577

Notes 578

400 - الوَسوَسة 579

400. DEVILISH MISGIVINGS 579

1826 - الوَسوَسَةُ فِي العَقائِدِ 579

1826. MISGIVINGS IN MATTERS OF BELIEF 579

Notes 579

1827 - التَّحذيرُ مِنَ الوَسوَسَةِ فِي الوُضوءِ وَالصَّلاةِ 580

1827. CAUTION AGAINST DOUBTS IN ABLUTION AND PRAYERS 580

Notes 581

1828 - عِلاجُ الوَسواسِ‏ 582

1828. THE TREATMENT OF DEVILISH MISGIVINGS 582

Notes 582

401 - المُواساة 584

401. Consolation 584

1829 - الحَثُّ عَلى‏ المُواساةِ 584

1829. ENCOURAGING CONSOLATION 584

Notes 585

402 - الوصيّةُ 586

402. THE WILL 586

1830 - الحَثُّ عَلَى الوَصِيَّةِ 586

1830. ENCOURAGING TO MAKE A WILL 586

Notes 586

1831 - النَّهىُ عَنِ الإضرارِ وَالحَيفِ فِي الوَصِيَّةِ 588

1831. FORBIDDING CAUSING DAMAGES AND LOSSES IN ONE'S WILL 588

Notes 588

403 - الوُضوء 589

403. ABLUTION 589

1832 - الوُضوءُ 589

1832. Ablution 589

Notes 590

1833 - عِلَّةُ الوُضوءِ 591

1833. THE REASON FOR ABLUTION 591

Notes 591

1834 - آثارُ الوُضوءِ 592

1834. THE EFFECTS OF ABLUTION 592

Notes 592

1835 - فَضلُ كَثرَةِ الوُضوءِ 593

1835. THE VIRTUE OF FREQUENT AND ABUNDANT ABLUTION 593

Notes 593

1836 - تَجديدُ الوُضوءِ 594

1836. RENEWAL OF ABLUTION 594

Notes 594

404 - التَّواضُع‏ 595

404. HUMBLENESS 595

1837 - الحَثُّ عَلَى التَّواضُعِ‏ 595

1837. ENCOURAGING HUMBLENESS 595

Notes 596

1838 - مِن عَلاماتِ التَّواضُعِ‏ 597

1838. SOME OF THE SIGNS OF HUMBLENESS 597

Notes 597

1839 - ثَمَرَةُ التَّواضُعِ‏ 598

1839. THE FRUIT OF HUMBLENESS 598

Notes 599

1840 - ما يُستَعانُ بِهِ عَلَى التَّواضُعِ‏ 600

1840. MEANS TO ACQUIRE HUMBLENESS 600

Notes 600

1841 - حَدُّ التَّواضُعِ‏ 601

1841. LIMITS OF HUMBLENESS 601

Notes 601

405 - الوَطَن‏ 602

405. THE HOMELAND 602

1842 - حُبُّ الوَطَنِ‏ 602

1842. PATRIOTISM 602

Notes 602

1843 - الدِّفاعُ عَنِ الوَطَنِ‏ 603

1843. DEFENDING ONE'S HOMELAND 603

Notes 603

1844 - الغُربَةُ وَالوَطَنُ‏ 604

1844. SEPARATION FROM ONE'S HOMELAND 604

Notes 604

406 - الوَعد 605

406. THE PROMISE 605

1845 - وَعدُ اللَّهِ حَقٌ‏ 605

1845. THE PROMISE OF ALLAH IS TRUE 605

Notes 605

1846 - العِدَةُ دَينٌ‏ 606

1846. THE PROMISE IS A DEBT 606

Notes 606

1847 - الوَعدُ أحَدُ الرِّقَّينِ‏ 607

1847. THE PROMISE IS ONE OF TWO TYPES 607

Notes 607

1848 - ما لا يَنبَغي مِنَ الوَعدِ 608

1848. WHAT SHOULD NOT BE PROMISED 608

Notes 608

1849 - ذَمُّ خُلفِ الوَعدِ 609

1849. REPROACHING THE BREAKING OF A PROMISE 609

Notes 609

407 - المَوعظة 610

407. EXHORTATION 610

1850 - دَورُ المَوعِظَةِ في حَياةِ القَلبِ‏ 610

Notes 610

1851 - أنواعُ الوُعّاظِ 611

1851. TYPES OF EXHORTERS 611

Notes 612

1852 - في كُلِّ شَي‏ءٍ مَوعِظَةٌ 613

1852. THERE IS EXHORTATION IN EVERYTHING 613

Notes 613

1853 - آدابُ المَوعِظَةِ 614

1853. ETIQUETTES OF EXHORTATION 614

Notes 614

1854 - الواعِظُ النَّفسيُ‏ 615

1854. THE PERSONAL EXHORTER 615

Notes 615

1855 - مَن لا يَنتَفِعُ بِالمَوعِظَةِ 616

1855. THOSE WHO DO NOT BENEFIT FROM EXHORTATION 616

Notes 616

1856 - الواعِظُ غَيرُ المُتَّعِظِ 617

1856. THE EXHORTER WHO HIMSELF IS NOT EXHORTED 617

Notes 617

1857 - الدَّعوَةُ بِغَيرِ اللِّسانِ‏ 619

1857. THE SILENT PROPAGATION 619

Notes 619

408 - التَّوفيق‏ 620

408. SUCCESS (tawfiq) 620

1858 - التَّوفيقُ‏ 620

1858. SUCCESS 620

Notes 621

1859 - التَّوفيقُ وَالخِذلانُ‏ 622

1859. SUCCESS AND FAILURE 622

Notes 623

409 - الوَفاء 624

409. LOYALTY 624

1860 - الحَثُّ عَلَى الوَفاءِ بِالعَهدِ 624

1860. ENCOURAGING OF LOYALTY 624

Notes 625

410 - الوَقار 626

410. SOLEMNITY 626

1861 - الحَثُّ عَلَى الوَقارِ 626

1861. ENCOURAGING OF SOLEMNITY 626

Notes 626

1862 - موجِباتُ الوَقارِ 627

1862. WHAT BRINGS ABOUT SOLEMNITY 627

Notes 627

411 - التَّقوى‏ 628

411. GODWARINESS 628

1863 - فَضلُ التَّقوى‏ 628

1863. THE VIRTUE OF GODWARINESS 628

Notes 630

1864 - التَّقوى‏ مِفتاحُ الكَرامَةِ 632

1864. GODWARINESS IS THE KEY TO NOBLENESS 632

Notes 634

1865 - خَصائِصُ المُتَّقينَ‏ 635

1865. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GODWARY 635

Notes 637

1866 - ما يَمنَعُ التَّقوى‏ 638

1866. WHAT HINDERS GODWARINESS 638

Notes 638

1867 - حَقُّ التَّقوى‏ 639

1867. THE REALITY OF GODWARINESS 639

Notes 639

1868 - تَفسيرُ التَّقوى‏ 640

1868. EXPLANATION OF GODWARINESS 640

Notes 640

1869 - أتقَى النّاسِ‏ 641

1869. THE MOST GODWARY OF PEOPLE 641

Notes 641

412 - التَّقيّة 642

412. DISSIMULATION (taqiyya) 642

1870 - تَشرِيعُ التَّقِيَّةِ وَمُورِدُها 642

1870. LEGISLATION OF DISSIMULATION AND INSTANCES IT SHOULD BE OBSERVED 642

Notes 643

1871 - النَّهيُ عَن تَجاوُزِ مَواضعِ التَّقِيَّةِ 644

1871. PROHIBITION OF SURPASSING THE SITUATIONS [CALLING] FOR DISSIMULATION 644

Notes 645

413 - التَّوكُّل‏ 646

413. TRUST (IN ALLAH) 646

1872 - فَضلُ التَّوَكُّلِ‏ 646

1872. THE VIRTUE OF TRUST (IN ALLAH) 646

Notes 646

1873 - تَفسيرُ التَّوَكُّلِ‏ 648

1873. THE EXPLANATION OF TRUST 648

Notes 649

1874 - ثَمَرَةُ التَّوَكُّلِ‏ 650

1874. THE FRUIT OF TRUST [IN ALLAH] 650

Notes 651

1875 - أدَبُ التَّوَكُّلِ‏ 652

1875. THE ETIQUETTE OF TRUST 652

Notes 653

1876 - الاِتّكالُ إلى‏ غَيرِ اللَّهِ‏ 654

1876. RELYING ON OTHER THAN ALLAH 654

Notes 654

414 - الوالِد والوَلد 655

414. PARENT AND CHILD 655

1877 - فَضلُ الوَلدِ 655

1877. THE VIRTUE OF HAVING CHILDREN 655

Notes 655

1878 - فِتنَةُ الوَلَدِ 656

1878. THE TRIAL OF HAVING A CHILD 656

Notes 656

1879 - حُبُّ الوَلَدِ 657

1879. LOVING CHILDREN 657

Notes 657

1880 - التَّصابي لِلصَّبِيِ‏ 658

1880. ACTING CHILDISHLY FOR CHILDREN 658

Notes 658

1881 - الوَلَدُ الصّالِحُ‏ 659

1881. THE RIGHTEOUS CHILD 659

Notes 659

1882 - النَّهيُ عَن كُرهِ البَناتِ‏ 661

1882. PROHIBITION OF HATING GIRLS 661

Notes 661

1883 - الحَثُّ عَلَى العَدلِ بَينَ الأولادِ 662

1883. ENJOINMENT OF JUSTICE BETWEEN CHILDREN 662

Notes 662

1884 - الحَثُّ عَلَى الإحسانِ إلَى الوالِدَينِ‏ 663

1884. ENJOINMENT OF BEING GOOD TO ONE'S PARENTS 663

Notes 664

1885 - الحَثُّ عَلى‏ بِرِّ الوالِدَينِ بَعدَ مَوتِهِما 665

1885. ENJOINMENT OF BEING GOOD TO ONE'S PARENTS [EVEN] AFTER THEIR DEATH 665

Notes 665

1886 - الجَنَّةُ تَحتَ أقدامِ الاُمَّهاتِ‏ 666

1886. HEAVEN IS UNDER THE FEET OF THE MOTHERS 666

Notes 666

1887 - إيذاءُ الوالِدَينِ‏ 667

1887. HURTING ONE'S PARENTS 667

Notes 667

1888 - عُقوقُ الوالِدَينِ‏ 668

1888. INSOLENCE TO ONE'S PARENTS 668

Notes 668

1889 - حَقُّ الوالِدِ عَلَى الوَلَدِ 670

1889. THE RIGHT OF THE PARENT UPON THE CHILD 670

Notes 670

1890 - حَقُّ الوَلَدِ عَلَى الوالِدِ 671

1890. THE RIGHT OF THE CHILD UPON THE PARENT 671

Notes 671

1891 - تَربِيَةُ الوَلَدِ 672

1891. UPBRINGING OF THE CHILD 672

Notes 673

415 - الوِلاية 674

415. AUTHORITY 674

1892 - وُجوبُ طاعَةِ وُلاةِ الأمرِ مِن قِبَلِ اللَّهِ‏ 674

1892. THE NECESSITY OF OBEYING THOSE VESTED WITH AUTHORITY BY ALLAH 674

Notes 675

1893 - ما يوجِبُ تَسَلُّطَ وُلاةِ السَّوءِ 676

1893. WHAT BRINGS ABOUT THE REIGN OF EVIL RULERS 676

Notes 676

1894 - وُلاةُ العَدلِ‏ 677

1894. JUST RULERS 677

Notes 677

1895 - وُلاةُ الجَورِ 678

1895. TYRANNICAL RULERS 678

Notes 678

1896 - ما يَجِبُ عَلَى الوالي في نَفسِهِ‏ 679

1896. WHAT IS OBLIGATORY FOR THE RULER WITH REGARD TO HIMSELF 679

Notes 679

1897 - أهَمُّ مايَجِبُ عَلَى الوالي في وِلايَتِهِ‏ 680

1897. THE MOST IMPORTANT THING A RULER NEEDS IN HIS RULE 680

Notes 681

1898 - ما يَجِبُ عَلَى الوالي في استِعمالِ العُمّالِ‏ 682

1898. WHAT IS OBLIGATORY FOR THE RULER WHEN EMPLOYING WORKERS 682

Notes 683

1899 - عَدمُ الإحتِجابِ‏ 684

1899. TO NOT SECLUDE ONESELF [AWAY FROM ONE'S SUBJECTS] 684

Notes 684

1900 - وُجوبُ اهِتمامِ الوالي بِالمُستَضعَفينَ‏ 685

1900. THE OBLIGATION UPON THE RULER TO GIVE IMPORTANCE TO THE ABASED 685

Notes 686

1901 - خَصائِصُ أولياءِ اللَّهِ‏ 687

1901. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FRIENDS OF ALLAH 687

Notes 687

416 - التهمة 689

416. SUSPICION 689

1902 - التَّحذيرُ مِنَ التُّهَمَةِ 689

1902. WARNING AGAINST SUSPICION 689

Notes 689

1903 - النَّهيُ عَن مَواقِفِ التُّهَمَةِ 690

1903. PROHIBITION OF PLACING ONESELF IN SUSPECT CIRCUMSTANCES 690

Notes 690

417 - اليأس‏ 691

417. DESPAIR 691

1904 - ذَمُّ اليَأسِ‏ 691

1904. THE REPROACHING OF DESPAIR 691

Notes 691

1905 - ثَمَراتُ اليَأسِ مِمّا في أيدِي النّاسِ‏ 692

1905. THE FRUITS OF DESPAIR IN OBTAINING WHAT BELONGS TO OTHERS 692

Notes 692

418 - اليتيم‏ 693

418. THE ORPHAN 693

1906 - الحَثُّ عَلى‏ رِعايَةِ الأيتامِ‏ 693

1906. ENJOINMENT OF LOOKING AFTER ORPHANS 693

Notes 694

1907 - أكلُ مالِ اليَتيمِ‏ 695

1907. THE CONSUMPTION OF THE PROPERTY OF THE ORPHANS 695

Notes 695

419 - اليقين‏ 696

419. CONVICTION 696

1908 - فَضلُ اليَقينِ‏ 696

1908. THE VIRTUE OF CONVICTION 696

Notes 697

1909 - عِلمُ اليَقينِ‏ 698

1909. CERTAIN KNOWLEDGE 698

Notes 698

1910 - تَفسيرُ اليَقينِ‏ 699

1910. INTERPRETATION OF CERTAINTY 699

Notes 699

1911 - عَلاماتُ المُوقِنِ‏ 700

1911. THE SIGNS OF A PERSON OF CONVICTION 700

Notes 700

1912 - ما يُفسِدُ اليَقينَ‏ 702

1912. WHAT CORRUPTS CONVICTION 702

Notes 702

1913 - ضَعفُ اليَقينِ‏ 703

1913. WEAKNESS OF CONVICTION 703

Notes 703

1914 - ثَمَراتُ اليَقينِ‏ 704

1914. THE FRUIT OF CONVICTION 704

Notes 704

1915 - ازدِيادُ اليَقينِ‏ 705

1915. INCREASING CONVICTION 705

Notes 706

Bibliography 707