• Start
  • Previous
  • 22 /
  • Next
  • End
  •  
  • Download HTML
  • Download Word
  • Download PDF
  • visits: 5191 / Download: 1914
Size Size Size
A Journey To The Fact

A Journey To The Fact

Author:
Publisher: Ansariyan Publications – Qum
English

www.alhassanain.org/english

A JourneyTo The Fact

Author(s): Dr.Fakhri Mashkoor

Translator(s):Majeed Muhammad

Publisher(s):Ansariyan Publications - Qum

This book tries to answer some serious questions and respond to related doubts concerning faith and belief in God. It also discusses the reasons why some religious people let others go astray.

www.alhassanain.org/english

Miscellaneous information:

A JourneyTo The Fact.Written by: Dr.Fakhri Mashkoor . Translated by:Majeed Muhammad. Revised by:Mokhtar Majeed . Ansaryian Publications, Qum.

Notice:

This version is published on behalf of www.alhassanain.org/english

The composing errors are not corrected.

Contents

Translator’s Preface 6

Obligation.. Doubt.. Who Is God?! 7

Notes 10

Anxiety And Prayer 11

Notes 12

The Conscientious Reason 13

Notes 17

Doubt… Certainty 18

God Or Nature 26

Organization Proof 32

Can Chance Be Considered A Proof? 36

Monotheistic Proof 42

Accident…Again 46

Rational And Evaluation Reasoning 50

Mind and Freedom 53

The Impossibility of Succession 61

The Evidence of Intention 70

The Philosophy of Contradiction 77

The End 80

Translator’s Preface

This book tries to answer some serious questions and respond to related doubts concerning faith and belief in God. It is recommended for those suffering from unacceptable interactions with religious people and those who would like to be more familiar with the true nature of religion. It also discusses the reasons why some religious people let others go astray.

This book provides answers to the following questions:

• Has the universe been created for nothing? Has it been created by someone for a purpose? Or was it merely an accident?

• Is there any aim beyond the creation of the world?

• Who governs the world?Nature, superpower or God?

• Why should some people ask the youth not to query too much about the Creator? Is there a lack in the Creator that the youth shouldn’t know about? Or do we have difficulties in making this misunderstanding clear?

• Is the Creator cruel, or kind and merciful? How and why?

• Why should some people suffer from many problems while we emphasize that the Creator of the universe is ‘kind’? Is there any ambiguity with this expression? Or is there something we don’t know?

• Why do we always see the traditional religion in places where cruelty and poverty are noticeable?

• Are we going to believe in a traditional religion or are we going to discover a religion that covers nowadays’ requirements?

• Why are those preaching for religion always keen on motivating people to pray and perform religious duties while they themselves are not so keen to inform those people about their social, economic and political rights?

Last but not least, when we see all the problems in the religious societies, can we say that there is a problem with the religion itself; or should we say that there are problems with the believers but not the religion?

In brief, this book tries to present an easy-to-understand text to be followed by the youth as well as parents in order to be able to answer questions and queries pertaining to religion and faith.

September 2006

Majeed Muhammad

Obligation.. Doubt.. Who Is God?!

The son was watching TV when his father came home late at night. He knew that there was something serious his father wanted to say. The family had just finished supper when the father asked his son to go into a quiet room nearby to have their conversation. The son was very curious to know the subject to be discussed with his father.

F: Do you know why I wanted to see you tonight, son?

S: No Dad. But I guess it is something serious.

F: I have been thinking and planning for this meeting and the coming ones for a while.

S: Since when, Dad?

F: Since your puberty, about a year ago. I’ve been preparing a special program for you.

S: What is this program? And what does it have to do with my puberty?

F: Puberty is the transition period between childhood and manhood, fun and seriousness, unlimited freedom and responsibility, as you know. In this program, I’m going to have a series of discussions with you about religion, beliefs, faith, life, mankind, society, the universe and many other things that you should know the true meaning of and develop an opinion and attitude suitable to your state of maturity and adulthood.

S: Thank you, Dad, for trusting me.

F: Son, first of all, this trust is God’s trust. And if you didn’t have the capacity, He wouldn’t entrust you with obligations. It is an honor that humans alone, of all the creatures of the earth, are entrusted with obligations.

S: Quite right Dad, what you say makes me feel proud, and love God even more because He obliges me with responsibility. I hope to be a good servant of God and to love and obey him.

F: Well-said. A righteous servant loves God and obeys Him.

Love and obedience are inseparable. A poet said “A lover obeys the beloved.”

S: It seems to me that those who disobey God do this because they don’t have the love of God in their hearts.

F: Exactly, even some of those whose faith is weak don’t feel the love for God; so, when they perform their religious duties, they do so with reluctance, and when they pray, they pray with laziness.

S: Yesterday, I read this in the Quran: “If ye do love Allah, Follow me: Allah will love you.”

F: What do you understand from this verse?

S: I infer that there is a mutual love between God and the believer.

F: And that love means obedience and enduring hardship for the sake of the beloved.

S: I liked the supplication that Mom read yesterday in the al-Sahifah al-Sajjadiyyah1 and I’m trying to memorize it.

F: Which supplication, son?

S: The supplication that says: “.. I ask for your love and the love of those who love you; the love of every task which brings me closer to You, to be my strongest love rather than any others’, and to make my love towards You as a lead to your Heaven, and my eagerness to You as a prevention of disobedience.”

F: This supplication also sheds light on the relationship between love and obedience.

S: But Dad, how can we find God’s love in our hearts?

F: It is simple: by knowing Him. If you truly know Him, you’ll get the ultimate love.

S: So, the first step is: knowing God.

F: “The first thing in religion is to be aware of it”, mentioned inNahj al-Balaghah2 .

Knowing God is the first thing in religion, and this knowledge is a prerequisite for loving Him. Therefore, knowing God is a prerequisite for religion and for loving Him. This is a mathematical equation, son, or something similar to a math equation.

S: How?

F: In math, there is something called substitution when dealing with equations.

S: Yes, you remind me of that. When we apply it, we say: Knowledge = Religion. Knowledge = Love; and by substitution we find that religion is love, don’t we, Dad?

F: And this is what Imam al-Sadiq (Peace be upon him) said.

S: What did he say?!

F: He said “Is religion anything other than love!” Son, love is the most beautiful thing in the world.

S: God is great.3 You are speaking with me in the youth language, the language of...

F: An adolescent?

S: Well, Dad, I was shy to say this.

F: Yes, I spoke to you using the teenagers’ language, as God’s Messenger (Peacebe upon him) commands us to speak with people according to their way of thinking. God sent each Messenger to speak to people in their own language. So why shouldn’t I speak with you like a teenager?

S: Exactly Dad, unless someone hears something in his own language, he won’t understand it and hence won’t interact with it. One of our teachers had given me a religious book as a present. I struggled when I tried to read it, and after a while I gave up because of its language which sounded like that of our ancestors who lived ages ago; therefore, it had nothing to do with our life today.

F: This is the reason why some youth turn away from religion because they find no representation of religion in a language that they can understand. This time is the time of computer and internet, and it’s impossible to present Islam through very old books written long time ago.

S: How nicely you speak, Dad! I feel I love you more than ever and love God and thank Him for giving me such a wonderful father.

F: And I love God more for giving me such a son.

S: Praisebe to God!

F: Praisebe to God!

S: We wandered away from the subject, Dad.

F: On the contrary, we have reached the core of the subject... we reached the subject of love. My love for you and my love for God lead me to talk to you about religion, life, God, human beings, the world and the hereafter... I want you to have a comprehensive review of all thoughts related to religion after you have reached your maturity.

S: But Dad, you have discussed with us almost all of our religious issues, explained many ideological problems, clarified the principles and the components of the religion and showed us the path of guidance. Do you see a shortcoming in my faith, or defect in my behavior?

F: It’s not about a shortcoming in faith or misbehaviors, son.

It is something else, completely different and extremely dangerous. That’s why I want you to be prepared and informed about some issues without being shocked.

S: OK, Dad! What’s that important and dangerous matter which I should know after my puberty?

F: I wanted to tell you that what you have learnt from me about religion was incorrect.

S: What?! Dad! What are you saying?!

F: As I said, all that you have heard from me about religion was completely wrong.

S: Dad! What are you saying?! What do you mean? Which aspect of religion was wrong?The ideology? The manners? Please Dad, be frank with me.

F: I mean the basics of religion, the ideology: the faith in God, the hereafter, the Prophet and the Messengers and all what you have learnt about is incorrect.

S: Seek God's forgiveness. Dad, what happened to you? Sorry Dad for being impolite. How can believing in God, the hereafter and the Messengers be wrong? I cannot believe what I’m hearing.

F: I will answer this question tomorrow.

S: Dad! Please be frank about your intentions, for you made me feel uncertain. How can you leave me in this state? And how can I pray then, while I’m in a state of uncertainty.

F: Who asked you to pray?

S: Didn’t you ask me to pray and to perform it patiently?

F: Then your prayer is not accepted at all.

S: Not accepted? What does that mean? Shall I abandon praying then?

F: It is up to you whether you want to pray or not.

S: That’s strange. I’m going crazy. How can my father ask me to give up praying? How? My father, who taught me how to pray, is asking me to give it up now!

F: I am not asking you to give it up. I am telling you that you may give up or continue praying, as you wish.

S: This is strange too. Didn’t you say that praying is the pillar of religion and the first thing I’ll be asked about in the hereafter? And that God says: “Establish regular prayer for celebratingMy praise.”

F: I told you that all you’ve heard from me before your puberty was wrong.

S: Dad, it’s forbidden to say so!

F: What is the meaning of forbidden?

S: Forbidden means that God doesn’t allow it.

F: God? Who is God?

S: O God... this is madness!

F: Don’t be mad. I asked you a question; answer me or say “I don’t know’.

S: But you asked me “Who is God?”

F: What’s wrong with this question?

S: Dad, please! What is going on? Is this real that you, my father, are saying what you’re saying? I cannot believe it.

F: Yes, I’m your father saying this. If I didn’t do so, then I wouldn’t be your father.

S: My God! What happened?

F: We’ll continue this discussion tomorrow. Now go to bed. Good night!

Notes

1. Al-Sahifah al-Sajjadiyyah (also called the Psalms of Islam) is a famous book comprising a collection of prayers said by Imam `Aliibn al-Husayn al-Sajjad (A.S.).

2.Nahj al-Balaghah is a book comprising a collection of sermons, epistles, and aphorisms of Imam `Aliibn Abi Talib (a.s ) compiled by al- Sharif al-Razi (406/1015).

3. In the original text, the author wrote, “allahu-akbar .” In Muslim heritage, this phrase is used to express surprise.

AnxietyAnd Prayer

The father left his son in a state of shock and went to his bedroom where his wife was waiting anxiously for the result of the meeting. He asked her with a smile on his face:

It seems that you have heard the discussion, haven’t you? She answered: “Yes, but can he handle this shock?”

“I think so”, he said, “like his brother had done before”, he continued.

The mother sighed praying: “O Lord, guide him, lead him to obeyYou and assign him to serve You.” Then she addressed the father: “I remember his brother when he reached puberty. I was very worried that day when I told you that you’re playing a dangerous game that may lead to the deviation of your son. But you reassured me and explained the necessity of that process. And now we can see the outcome. He is currently one of the prominent figures in Europe who leads people to God. Ignorance has never reached or contaminated our son and couldn’t lead him astray from the right path.”

The father thought for a moment and then said:

If we had left him with his traditional way of worship, the usual prayers and the inherited ideology derived from home and society, he might have deviated when facing different ideologies, social trends or traditions while living abroad.

“My dear son! How are you going to spend this night?” The mother sighed and glanced towards the room of her son.

The father had a meaningful glance as he said: “How did Abraham spend the nights as he was thoughtfully looking at the skies and the earth until he believed. This was only resolved when he turned his eyes to the Originator of the skies and the earth as a true Muslim and monotheist.”

After the father closed the door of the teenager’s room, the boy stood still in a state of shock, and then he felt dizzy and threw himself on the bed. Ongoing and conflicting thoughts continuously roamed in his mind, but he couldn’t understand what was happening and how to deal with it. He felt that his head was about to explode, but then he remembered what his mother usually does in tough times; she sits down on her prayer rug towards the kiblah1 ,1 raising her hands and saying with a humble voice: “O God, whom I have no one but You to turn to and ask for help and guidance, put me on the right path.”

Hurriedly, he stood up and went to the sink to perform ablution and get ready to pray. With conflicting thoughts in his mind and sense of fear and worry roaming over him, he was praying while he was thinking of his father’s words:

“All you have learnt about religion before your puberty was wrong.”

He had a pause during his prayer and was about to terminate it, but he continued his efforts in focusing on what he was saying. His father taught him to concentrate in his prayer and to pay attention to the meaning of what he says. His father’s statement had interrupted his thoughts:

“Who is God?”

He was shaking, but he tried to control himself until he reached the Qunut2 . Then he raised his hands and uttered the following words strongly and meaningfully:

“God... the Leader of the confused, the Guide of the misguided, the most Merciful, it is You Who is closer to me than my jugular vein; please save me from my confusions and guide me to the right path.”

He stopped for a few moments. He had conflicting thoughts and his heart was beating rapidly. After a while he felt better when he remembered the verse that he had always read in the mosque and suddenly felt confident:

“When My servants ask thee concerning Me, I am indeed close (to them): I listen to the prayer of every suppliant when he called onMe : Let them also, with a will, Listen to My call, and believe in Me: That they may walk in the right way.”

Notes

1. Kiblah is the direction of theKaaba that Muslims must turn their faces to during prayers.

2.Qunut is a part of prayers in which a person raises his/her hands towards the heavens, supplicating the Lord.

The Conscientious Reason

F: How are you, son?

S: You know Dad, it’s obvious. I’m not the same as before at all.

F: Why? Are you sick?

S: I wish I am sick!

F: Don’t say that, son! What happened?

S: You’re asking me “What happened?” It was me who asked you this question last night.

F: Everything is alright.

S: What do you mean alright? You threw me into a sea of doubt; the huge waves drifted me away from the coast. Neither swimming nor riding a boat could save me.

F: Thank God, thank God. It was exactly what I wanted.

S: Dad, why did you do that? Please tell me.

F: I’ll tell you, but first tell me where you have finally reached after you’ve been thrown away by the waves where neither swimming nor riding a boat could help you.

S: I felt weak and lost. There was no way and no one who could be of assistance. I began looking for an absolute power to save me from this rough sea and help me reach the coast safely. Suddenly I felt that this power is near me, so I exclaimed profoundly: “O God the greatest”, and then a feeling of reassurance and certainty submerged me and made the doubts go away. Then I departed the sea of the awful doubt to the coast of faith.

F: Well-done son. God be praised. This was exactly what I wanted for you. I wanted you to find God by yourself and to suffer in this trip, so you know the value of what you have found. I wanted you to experience the trip from doubt to faith in order to believe in the God that you have found, not the one that you’ve heard of from your father. There is a big difference between this and that.

S: You are right Dad. My heart is filled up with confidence after that painful experience. And now I do feel the difference between my former faith and the new one I gained after this conscientious experience.

F: This experience is called the conscientious reasoning of God’s existence. It’s neither based on rational reasoning nor on intellectual analysis and theological inference. It’s the reason for the pure nature, simple and genuine experience that leads naturally to God after dusting off the heaps of misunderstanding that concealed the truth.

S: Explain more, Dad!

F: Look son, human nature instinctively believes in God and it doesn’t need a reason. Have you ever seen how a thirsty person moves directly towards water? If you stop him/her while he/she is raising the glass to drink and ask whether he/she is sure that what he/she is drinking is water, what will he/she reply?

S: So, why don’t most people believe in God if their innate nature is their guide?

F: Son, an eye sees but if you put a thick headband on it, then it won’t. An ear can hear, but it cannot if it gets stuffed. Human nature works in the same way but it should be unrestricted and free. Lust must not control it and satanic temptations should not conceal it.

S: Yes, Dad. Please continue your interesting talk.

F: The conscientious reasoning of God’s existence says that if human beings get used to living in a deviating society that inherited aberration from its ancestors, the innate nature of the members of that society will be impaired. The following is a quotation from the Quran: “But long ages passed over them and their hearts grew hard? For many among them are rebellious transgressors.” Also read about the inheritance of straying and aberration: “We found our fathers following a certain cult, and we do guide ourselves by their footsteps.”

If a human being continues with life full of lust and extravagance, his nature will be dull, as God Says: “But after them there followed a posterity who missed prayers and followed after lusts soon.”

The Quran expresses regret for those unbelievers who are greedy, take over other people’s inheritance unjustly, and love being wealthy.

Another verse mentions that innate nature can remain impaired until the end of life if love of wealth and offspring overcomes the human nature: “The mutual rivalry for piling up (the good things of this world) diverts you.Until ye visit the graves.”

If you read history, you’ll find that the desire for life left its impacts on historical events. That’s why [the tribe of]Quraish was afraid that their political and financial powers would collapse after the emergence of Islam. Another case was when some of the companions of the Prophet came to `Ali son of Abu-Talib to congratulate him on assuming the post of caliphate. He blew out the candle to show that he would not spend even what a candle would worth from the public money to have their support. Soon they joined the enemy’s camp, and they fought him in the Jamal (The Camel) battle.

Also, as you know the sexual desire instigatedIbn Moljam to kill Ali to marry a beautiful woman namedQotam . Omaribn Sa` d Killed Imam al-Husayn1 to be the ruler of Ray province. The `Abbasid dynasty grasped the power even though they had already known that they have no right to assume power.Harun al-Rashid, an `Abbasid ruler, once addressed his son: “If you compete with me for the power, I’ll issue an order to behead you.”

S: So, it’s the desire that kills the innate nature.

F: No, it doesn’t kill nature, but impairs it. Nature never dies.

S: So, how can we re-activate its power?

F: By giving it a shock.

S: That was exactly what you have done with me, wasn’t it?

F: Yes, son.

S: Well-done Dad!

F: Good for you, son. You have successfully passed the test. Your mother was worried about you but I wasn’t. I had confidence in your pure nature, you know.

S: Did Mom know about it?

F: Yes, I let her know, in order not to spoil the plan, I mean... to help me with it.

S: Oh! So, you involved her in order not to spoil the plan... you mean to help you. Do you think both of these sentences have the same meaning?

F: Son, you know she is a mother and she is full of kindness and mercy for her son. Thus, it was not easy for her at all to see you in that situation without disclosing the secret.

S: Well Dad, let’s go back to the main subject, I mean our discussion about conscientious reasoning of God’s existence or the innate reasoning. I have a question for you.

F: Go ahead.

S: Who taught you how to perform such a plan to awaken my static nature and allow me to live the conscientious experience?

F: Who taught me? Don’t you know that knowledge and delivering of knowledge is a blessing?

S: Quite true.

F: “And ye have no good thing butis from Allah”

S: God be praised!

F: Isn’t it true that having knowledge comes after the fact that one didn’t know anything before?

S: Yes.

F: “Taught man that which he knew not”

S: So, it was God that showed you how to awaken the static nature through shock. But how did God show you that?

F: “Verify this Qur’an guides to that which is most right (or stable)”

S: Oh, now I understand. There is a verse. I guess it’s from the Meccan2 chapter, narrating an experience about sailing in the sea while the climate was good. Then the ship reached the high seas where tempest raged and waves were overwhelming. The passengers were terrified and looked for someone to save them from an inevitable death. With all the anguish, they turned to God and God saved them... Glory to God... this is the same experience that I went through yesterday, but instead of a real sea it was a sea of doubt.

F: I didn’t wish to throw you in a real sea. I have not been told to do so.

S: Is it rational that you have been instructed to do so?

F: Why not?

S: How can it be sensible for a father to throw his son in a sea?

F: What if you see a mother is ordered to throw her son in the sea.

S: I can’t believe it.

F: You forgot the Quran...

S: Oh, yes, right... “SoWe sent this inspiration to the mother of Moses: “Suckle (thy child).”

F: “but when thou hast fears about him, cast him into the river, but fear not nor grieve: forWe shall restore him to thee, and We shall make him one of Our apostles.”

S: It was a great tribulation for this forbearing mother!

F: Your God afflicts everyone with trials according to his endurance. Human beings must suffer on earth. TheMulk Chapter explains that tribulation is one of the reasons behind the creation of the human beings. O son! Don’t assume that tribulation only means trouble, disaster or something of the sort. It means trial and test. God tests human beings in various situations. “HeWho created death and life, that He may try which of you is best in deed.”

Notice the following holy verses:

“We have tried them with both prosperity and adversity.” “and We test you by evil and by good by way of trial” “Now, as for man, when his Lordtrieth him, giving him honor and gifts, thensaith he, (puffed up), “My Lord hath honored me.” “But when Hetrieth him, restricting his subsistence for him, thensaith he (in despair), “My Lord hath humiliated me!”

S: So God tests all His servants anyway. He grants them something to see what they will do. On the other hand, God sometimes prevents his servants from something in order to see their response.

And the most severe afflictions are specified for prophets, and the next are the virtuous believers.

F: Yes son.Because they have the strongest endurance for bearing troubles. But the principle that you should bear in mind is that it is impossible for God to afflict human beings greater than their ability. God is fair and merciful and doesn’t afflict a person with something beyond his capacity.

S: But Dad, we see some people suffer from a severe affliction and they say that they cannot endure it.

F: This is impossible, son. God doesn’t charge a person with something more than his power and ability. Those people are able to overcome their troubles with strength and forbearance unknown to them. Remember your experience yesterday, could you imagine that you would have borne that doubt which shocked all your indisputable religious ideologies?

S: You’re right Dad. I couldn’t imagine that I’d bear that. I thought that I’d become a disbeliever or turn mad.

F: Now you are neither disbeliever nor mad. You were able to endure that tribulation, but you were not aware of your ability. God made that clear to you and to those who think that they’re unable to bear certain difficulties.

S: While reading Quran, I sometimes pass by the story of Abraham and how God commanded him to sacrifice his son. He woke up and told the dream to his son Ishmael, who instantly agreed and said: “O my father! Do as thou art commanded: thou will find me, if Allah so wills one practicing Patience and Constancy!” At that Moment, I shake humbly for this submissiveness to God, Glory be to Him, especially when Abraham held the knife on his son. Dad!

When I visualize this scene, I shudder. The son was on the ground, the father was holding a sharp knife in his right hand onto his son’s neck and his son’s head was in his left hand. Ishmael surrendered to his father who was passing the knife on the neck of his dear one, but the knife didn’t hurt the son. The father thought that this maybe because of his fatherly passion, so he pressed more on the knife to slaughter his son, but O God! The knife didn’t harm him. You know Dad, my body trembles when I talk about this.

F: Me too. I believe that this is a true holy love. Don’t you see my voice is wavering and my eyes are pouring tears while I’m listening to you? Two great loves competed, but the greater love (the love and obedience to God) overcame the lesser one (the father’s love for his son and the son’s love of life)!

S: How great is the patience of Abraham and Ishmael on this tribulation! God says: “AndWe shall try you until We test those among you who strive their utmost and persevere in patience; and We shall try your reported (mettle).”

F: O son, prophets suffered much more than this. God tested them with wives who hurt them, sons who disobeyed them and tribes who deserted them but they were patient and strong. So that God compensates them. You know that God rewards those who endure ultimately.

S: I wish I could have lived during the time of prophets to believe in them, support them and strive with them for the sake of God. But, unfortunately this is a wish that will never come true.

F: Why not son?

S: How could it be, while we are many centuries away from them?

F: My son. God, be He exalted, said: “All who obey Allah and the Apostle are in the company of those onwhom the Grace of Allah is, of the prophets (who teach), the sincere (lovers of Truth), the witnesses (who testify), and the Righteous (who do good): Ah! What a beautiful fellowship!”

S: So the way is clear, it is by obeying God and His prophet[s].

F: You can fulfill your wish in his way, so don’t get disappointed. One more thing; don’t you love them?

S: Yes, I do Dad.

F: So you’ll meet them in the hereafter. There, people will be with those whom they love.

S: You don’t mean superficial love, do you?

F: Of course not. The true love is the one which leads us to follow prophets’ way.

S: Well Dad, here you go back to the subject of love!

F: Is religion anything but love? OK son... now go to bed early so that you can wake up for the morning prayers. Good night

S: OK Dad, good night.

Notes

1. Imam al-Husayn , son of Imam `Ali, is buried in Karbala, a city in Iraq. Imam al-Husayn’s tragic story is one of the most famous and impressive stories in Islam, especially amongst theShi`ah . He is considered the first hero of Islam who sacrificed himself and his sons for the sake of God and religion. I recommend you to read his story. You’ll find it really impressing and worthwhile.

2. According to the place of their revelation, the Chapters (Surah ) of the Holy Qur'an are divided intoMeccan (those revealed at Mecca) andMadanite (those revealed at al-Madinah ).