A VICTIM LOST IN SAQIFAH Volume 1

A VICTIM LOST IN SAQIFAH0%

A VICTIM LOST IN SAQIFAH Author:
Translator: Dr. Hassan Najafi
Publisher: Ansariyan Publications – Qum
Category: Imam Ali
ISBN: 978-964-438-976-8

A VICTIM LOST IN SAQIFAH

Author: Ali Labbaf
Translator: Dr. Hassan Najafi
Publisher: Ansariyan Publications – Qum
Category:

ISBN: 978-964-438-976-8
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A VICTIM LOST IN SAQIFAH

A VICTIM LOST IN SAQIFAH Volume 1

Author:
Publisher: Ansariyan Publications – Qum
ISBN: 978-964-438-976-8
English

Notes

[1] Surah Yunus 10:32

[2] The title of this set of volumes is adapted on the work written by Martyr Dr. Paknijad under the same title with the hope that it will be published again after being out of print for so many years.

[3] Shia school stands for the same teachings of Quran and Prophet’s progeny. It does necessarily include all the views of Shia thinkers.

[4] The thought of nearness among Muslims and an invitation to it took ground in Egypt by the proposal of Sheikh Muhammad Taqi Qummi. The scholars of first category of al-Azhar besides Shia head of clergies. The late Burujardi supported the idea. A great number of writers joined the movement.

[5] Muhammad Waizzaada Khorasani: Nida-e-Wahdat (Call of unity) Pg. 121

[6] Ibid: Nida-e-Wahdat, Pg. 123

[7] Ibid: Article: ‘Elements of Islamic unity and its handicaps’ quoted in Book of Unity Pgs. 25 & 52-53

[8] Interview in ‘Haft Aasmaan’ (Seven Skies) Magazine, Issues 9 & 10, Spring & Summer 80, Pg. 10-11

[9] Tazweeb = melting

[10] As our aim in this writing is identification of all types of conjectures that are being spread and to warn about them we have presented the actual quotations that mention those conjectures so that readers may gain complete information about them. It is also important to remember that acceptance of any of these propagated views is related to a type of acceptance of all other conjectures, so we must not be careless of any of these things. (The arrangement of Criticism and Scrutiny of these conjectures is done according to this relationship).

[11] Muhammad Waizzaada Khorasani: Article in Collected Papers of International Conference on Imam Ali, (1st Edition 1381) Vol. 2, Pg. 29

[12] Muhammad Waizzaada Khorasani: Payaam-e-Wahdat, Pg. 135

[13] Ibid. Payaam-e-Wahdat, Pg. 305

[14] Sayyid Jawad Mustafavi: Article: ‘Unity in Nahjul Balagha’ quoted in Kitab-e-Wahdat (Book of Unity), Pg. 127

[15] Ibid. ‘Unity in Nahjul Balagha’ quoted in Kitab-e-Wahdat, Pg. 138

[16] Ibid. ‘Unity in Nahjul Balagha’ quoted in Kitab-e-Wahdat, Pg. 144

[17] Muhammad Jawad Hujjati Kermani: Ittelaat Daily, 29th Khordad 1379

[18] Interview published in Nida-e-Islam Magazine, Issue 4, Winter 79, Pg. 63-64

[19] Muhammad Waizzaada Khorasani: Interview in ‘Haft Aasmaan’ (Seven Skies) Magazine, Issues 9 & 10, Spring & Summer 80, Pg. 11

[20] Ibid. Payaam-e-Wahdat (Message of Unity), Pg. 274

[21] Ali Iraqchi Hamadani: Sad Dars az Bahas-e-Imamat (A Hundred Lessons on Imamate), Pgs. 9&12

[22] Ibid. Pgs. 12-13

[23] Ibid. Pg. 14

[24] Ibid. Pg. 15

[25] Ibid. Pgs. 15-16

[26] Ibid. Pg. 18

[27] Ibid. Pg. 18

[28] Ibid. Pg. 19

[29] Ibid. Pgs. 20-21

[30] Quoted from same source Pg. 21

[31] Ibid. Pgs. 22-23

[32] Ibid. Pg. 22

[33] Ibid. Pg. 24

[34] Ibid. Pgs. 27-28

[35] Ibid. Pgs. 26-27

[36] Ibid. Pg. 29

[37] Ibid. Pg. 28

[38] Ibid. Pgs. 31-32

[39] Ibid. Pg. 32

[40] [More will be said about this objection.]

[41] [It is not as a belief but continuity of the discussion.]

[42] Ustad Ja’far Subhani: Rahbari-e-Ummat (Leadership of the nation), Pgs. 12-14

[43] In the Safavid period

[44] [Reference to Fatwa of Shaykh Shaltoot that permits following Shia Imamiyah

[45] Ustad Ja’far Subhani: Peshwayi az Nazar-e-Islam (Leadership in the view of Islam), Pgs. 8-16

[46] Sayyid Murtuza Askari: Hamasa-e-Ghadeer (Collected Articles), Pgs. 506-507

[47] [Election here means the meeting of Saqifah Bani Saada and other candidates means Caliphs. As if it was based on election and it made a mistake only in selecting a befitting individual.]

[48] [Regarding the exalted position of correct belief in Imamate and its effect in gaining success and happiness in the next world refer to the book: Dar Justujoo-e-Ilm-e-Deen (In search of religious knowledge) by Ustad Sayyid Muhammad Dhiyabaadi (Pg. 131-161)

[49] Dr. Ali Shariati: History and Study of Religions (Collected Writings 15) Vol. 2, Pg. 26-27

[50] Refer: Ali Labbaf, A Victim Lost in Saqifah Vol. 4, Section 2

[51] Haider Ali Qalamdaran: Hukoomat Dar Islam (Government in Islam), Vol. 1, Pg. 141

[52] Ustad Murtuza Mutahhari: Imamat-o-Rahbari (Imamate and Leadership), Pg. 57

[53] Ustad Ja’far Subhani: Rahbari-e-Ummat, Pgs. 7-8

[54] Ibid. Pg. 13

[55] Abdul Kareem Bi-Azaar Shirazi: Islam Aaine Hambastigi (Islam, the Constitution of Solidarity), Pg. 13

[56] Ustad Murtuza Mutahhari: Imamat-o-Rahbari, Pgs. 13-16

[57] Refer: Muhammad Jawad Hujjati Kermani: Jam-e-Jam Daily 10th Bahman 1379

[58] Dr. Muhammad Asadi Garmarudi: Haqeeqat-e-Sookhte (The Burnt Fact), (Critical Essays on Wahdat-e-Islami by Muhammad Jawad Hujjati Kermani.) Pgs. 63-64

[59] Muhammad Waizzaada Khorasani: Nida-e-Wahdat, Pg. 120

[60] [A new statement different from the one having consensus (Refer: Lughta Name Dahe Khuda, Vol. 26, Pg. 450)]

[61] Ustad Murtuza Mutahhari: Imamat-o-Rahbari, Pgs. 16-19

[62] Muhammad Waizzaada Khorasani: Payaam-e-Wahdat, Pg. 151

[63] Ibid. Interview in ‘Haft Aasmaan’ (Seven Skies) Magazine, Issues 9 & 10, Spring , Summer 80, Pg. 13

[4] Ibid. Payaam-e-Wahdat, Pg. 235

[65] Ibid. Payaam-e-Wahdat, Pg. 270

[66] Ibid. Interview in ‘Haft Aasmaan’ (Seven Skies) Magazine, Issues 9 & 10, Spring , Summer 80, Pg. 12

[67] Abdul Kareem Bi-Azaar Shirazi: Islam Aaine Hambastigi (Islam, the Constitution of Solidarity), Pg. 11

[68] Muhammad Moheet Tabatabai: Sayyid Jamaluddin Asadabadi wa Beedaari-e-Mashriq-e-Zameen (Awakening of Eastern land), Pg. 168

[69] Shaykh Muhammad Taqi Qummi: Article quoted in Islam Aaine Hambastigi, Pg. 138

[70] Muhammad Jawad Mughnia: Article quoted in Islam Aaine Hambastigi, Pg. 103

[71] Sayyid Jawad Mustafavi: Article: ‘Wahdat Dar Nahjul Balagha’ (Unity in Nahjul Balagha) quoted in Kitab-e-Wahdat (Book of Unity) Pg. 120

[72] Refer: Dr. Abdul Kareem Saroosh: ‘Civil & Religious Constitution’, Pgs. 169-182. From his speech delivered in Unity Conference, Tehran University, 1367

[73] Shaikh Muhammad Husain Kashiful Ghita: Asl-e-Shia Wa Usoolaha (Fundamental of Shia and its principle), Pg. 107

[74] Sunnis do acknowledge leadership and Imamate in some cases. But the attributes of Imam are different from those of Shia belief. As for some conceptions of Imamate they altogether deny. It is not that they differ from Shias in qualities of Imam. The difference runs in the gist of Imamate besides the qualifications of the Imam. Imamate means (to them) leadership of a society. Ustad Murtuza Mutahhari: Imamat-o-Rahbari (Imamate and Leadership), Pgs. 46-47

[75] Ustad Murtuza Mutahhari: Imamat-o-Rahbari (Imamate and Leadership), Pgs. 45-46.

“As a matter of fact it should be said: Sunnis from the very base reject Imamate that exists in view of Shias. They do not question its conditions and its very core is subject to denial.” (Ibid.) Pgs. 117-118

[76] [This much suffices: Negligence about appointment and divine text (Nass) has repercussions which we can also see today.]

[77] Ibid. Pgs. 50-52

[78] [Of course after the subjects of Wilayat and Imamate.]

[79] Ibid. Pgs. 71-73

[80] Ibid. Pg. 75

[81] Ibid. Pgs. 52-54

[82] Ibid. Pg. 76

[We shall dwell later in the subsequent chapters on the claim of those who separated from the school of Ahle Bayt (a.s.) under the pretext of their having an excuse. It will be useful in the course of discussion to remember the publicized sources.]

[83] Ustad Sayyid Muhammad Dhiyabaadi. Booklet: Guidance (Quoted portion from his speech on 21/11/79. Commentary of Verse 41, Surah Anfaal Pgs. 10-11)

[84] Ibid. Pgs. 12-13

[85] Nimatullah Salihi Najafabadi: Majmua Maqaalaat (Collected Essays), Pg. 176

[86] Muhammad Waizzaada Khorasani: Payaam-e-Wahdat, Pg. 257

[87] Ibid. Payaam-e-Wahdat, Pg. 258

[88] Shaikh Muhammad Taqi Qummi: quoted in Hambastigi-e-Mazaahib-e-Islami (Unity of Islamic Sects), Pg. 57

[89] Ibid. quoted in Hambastigi-e-Mazaahib-e-Islami (Unity of Islamic Sects), Pg. 56

[90] One of the wrong consequences of this is that Imamate is shifted to branches as we shall explain in coming pages.

[91] Muhammad Waizzaada Khorasani: Interview in ‘Haft Aasmaan’ (Seven Skies) Magazine, Issues 9 & 10, Spring & Summer 80, Pg. 13

[92] Ibid. Interview in ‘Haft Aasmaan’ (Seven Skies) Magazine, Issues 9 & 10, Spring & Summer 80, Pg. 15

[93] Ibid. Interview in ‘Haft Aasmaan’ (Seven Skies) Magazine, Issues 9 & 10, Spring & Summer 80, Pg. 13

[94] That is the principles of Islam that shall be dealt in detail.

[95] Ibid. Interview in ‘Haft Aasmaan’ (Seven Skies) Magazine, Issues 9 & 10, Spring & Summer 80, Pg. 15

[96] Ibid. Nida-e-Wahdat,, Pg. 26

[97] [Religious acts (Laws)]

[98] Muhammad Waizzaada Khorasani: Essay quoted in Kitab-e-Wahdat, Pg. 210

[99] Ibid. Payaam-e-Wahdat, Pg. 235

[Of course, this question remains unanswered: How agreement among Muslims equals religions concurrence that has resulted in a standard to distinguish the principles and decide its absoluteness? What is a reason or a proof for it?!!]

[100] Ibid. Payaam-e-Wahdat, Pg. 228

[This claim includes all matters of belief in which there are differences in side and common principles.]

[101] We shall deal in the following pages about the claim that the Ummah is excused in Usool (beliefs) and Furu (Laws).

[102] Regarding the difference between Islam and (Imaan) Faith, please refer to the book, Marefat-e-Imam-e-Asr (a.t.f.s.), (Knowing the Imam of the Age) by Dr. Bani Hashimi.

[103] Muhammad Waizzaada Khorasani: Article quoted in Kitab-e-Wahdat, Pgs. 207-208

[104] Ibid. Interview in ‘Haft Aasmaan’ (Seven Skies) Magazine, Issue 9 & 10, Spring and Summer 80, Pg. 13

[105] Ibid. Nida-e-Wahdat, Pg. 155

[106] [That is it includes Islamic rights]

[107] [This part is called the principles of Islam]

[108] [To pronounce the two testimonies of faith]

[109] [Having the right and correct belief in Islamic sciences]

[110] Allamah Marashi Najafi: Ahqaaq al-Haqq, Vol. 2, Pg. 306

[111] This does not mean that believers do not enjoy special rights such as back-biting which is prohibited for believers. Refer: Ahmad Rahmani Hamadani. Translation of Ali bin Abi Talib (by Husain Ostadoli) Pg. 665

[112] Allamah Sharafuddin: Mubaahis-e-Ameeqi Dar Jahat-e-Wahdat-e-Islami (Deep discussions about Islamic unity), Pgs. 33-45

[113] Ahmad Rahmani Hamadani. Translation of Ali bin Abi Talib (by Husain Ostadoli) Pgs. 201-202

[114] The wrong beliefs can be treated with the same status.

[115] Refer: Muhammad Waizzaada Khorasani: Interview in ‘Haft Aasmaan’ (Seven Skies) Magazine, Issues 9 & 10 Spring & Summer 80, Pg. 12, 16 & 24

[116] Refer: Ibid. Interview in ‘Haft Aasmaan’ (Seven Skies) Magazine, Issues 9 & 10 Spring & Summer 80, Pg. 13, 14 & 18

[117] [The root of all differences, i.e. those of belief, behavior and jurisprudence, etc. go back to this fundamental difference.]

[118] Sayyid Ahmad Mawassaqi: Istiratazi-e-Wahdat (Strategy of Unity), Vol. 2, Pg. 205 quoted from Hambastigi-e-Mazaahib-e-Islami, Pg. 46

[119] Muhammad Waizzaada Khorasani: Nida-e-Wahdat, Pg. 28

[120] Ibid. Interview in ‘Haft Aasmaan’ (Seven Skies) Magazine, Issues 9 and 10, Spring and Summer 80, Pg. 15.

[121] Ibid. Payaam-e-Wahdat Pg. 270

[122] Ibid. Payaam-e-Wahdat Pg. 191

[123] Ibid. Payaam-e-Wahdat Pg. 272

[124] Ibid. Payaam-e-Wahdat Pg. 135

[125] Ibid. Payaam-e-Wahdat Pg. 176

[126] Ibid. Payaam-e-Wahdat Pgs. 199-200

[127] Muhammad Waizzaada Khorasani: Article quoted in Kitab-e-Wahdat, Pg. 210

[128] Ibid. Article quoted in Kitab-e-Wahdat, Pg. 210

[129] Ibid. Nida-e-Wahdat, Pg. 92

[130] Refer: Ibid. Nida-e-Wahdat, Pgs. 83-84 & Pgs. 92-93

[131] As it has been pointed out: Monotheism is the self of God. Prophethood is from the principles of Islam - the common ones. No one can deny it. In a detailed discussion it is said that in the next word God is seen. Whether can He be seen or not? This is a branch. According to texts about possibility of seeing God many arguments have been launched. This must be regarded a subsidiary matter.

[132] In fact, he says: About Imamate and Guardianship of Ahle Bayt (a.s.) this much is mutually agreed upon that religion of Islam dwells on politics too. The rest of the matters such as the very Imamate and Guardianship of Ahle Bayt (a.s.) are subject to differences. Therefore they are branches and liable to personal conclusion of jurisprudents.

“Yes, we confirm this policy. I go even so farther as to believe this issue as totally among the essentialities of faith and common elements of all Islamic faiths. But as to the method of appointing a ruler as an Imam, or a Caliph is dispute among Islamic schools. Likewise, what qualities he should have, is a matter of dispute.” (Muhammad Waizzaada Khorasani: Nida-e-Wahdat, Pg. 106)

[133] Ibid. Nida-e-Wahdat, Pg. 83

[134] Ibid. Nida-e-Wahdat, Pg. 101

[135] Ibid. Nida-e-Wahdat, Pg. 92

[136] Ibid. Nida-e-Wahdat, Pg. 84

[137] Ibid. Nida-e-Wahdat, Pg. 134

[138] Ibid. Nida-e-Wahdat, Pg. 93

[139] Ibid. Nida-e-Wahdat, Pg. 128

[140] Ibid. Payaam-e-Wahdat, Pg. 271

[141] Ibid. Payaam-e-Wahdat, Pgs. 136-137

[142] Nimatullah Salihi Najafabadi: Majmua Maqaalaat (Collected Essays), Pg. 176

[143] Muhammad Waizzaada Khorasani: Payaam-e-Wahdat, Pg. 151

[144] Nimatullah Salihi Najafabadi: Majmua Maqaalaat, Pgs. 177-178

[145] Muhammad Waizzaada Khorasani: Nida-e-Wahdat, Pgs. 27-28

[146] For more details refer to the translation of Maalimul Madrasatain Vol. 2.

[147] Muhammad Waizzaada Khorasani: Nida-e-Wahdat, Pg. 63

[148] Quoted from: Allamah Askari: Doo Maktab Dar Islam (Two Schools of Islam) Vol. 2 (Outlooks of two schools about sources of Islamic legislation) Pg. 105

[149] Muhammad Waizzaada Khorasani: Nida-e-Wahdat, Pg. 101

[150] Ibid. Nida-e-Wahdat, Pgs. 178-179

[151] Ibid. Nida-e-Wahdat, Pg. 180

[152] [As mentioned in the domain of jurisprudence]

[153] Ibid. Payaam-e-Wahdat, Pgs. 151-152

[154] That may results in safeguarding unity.

[155] Abdul Kareem Bi-Aazaar Shirazi: Inquilaab-e-Farhangi-O-Tableeghi (Revolution of culture and propaganda), Pgs. 71-72. Quran-o-Tableegh, Pg. 69 (Facsimile New Essay Vol. 4, Pg. 26)

[156] Nimatullah Salihi Najafabadi: Majmua Maqaalaat, Pg. 174

[157] Dr. Ali Shariati: Tashayyo-e-Alawi o Tashayyo-e-Safavi [Alawite Shiaism and Safavid Shiaism] (Collected Writings 9) Pg. 75, quoted from statement about belief of Alawite Shias.

[158] Muhammad Waizzaada Khorasani: Article: ‘Elements of Islamic Unity and its Hindrances’ quoted in Kitab-e-Wahdat, Pgs. 222-223

[159] Dr. Ali Shariati: Tashayyo-e-Alawi o Tashayyo-e-Safavi [Alawite Shiaism and Safavid Shiaism] (Collected Writings 9) Pg. 74, quoted from statement about belief of Alawite Shias.

[160] Muhammad Waizzaada Khorasani: Interview in ‘Haft Aasmaan’ (Seven Skies) Magazine, Issue 9 & 10, Spring and Summer 80, Pg. 25

[161] Sayyid Jawad Mustafavi: Article: ‘Unity in Nahjul Balagha’ quoted in Kitab-e-Wahdat (Book of Unity), Pgs. 144-145

[162] He says: Branches means issues sprung from basic principle in both the dimensions of rules and beliefs.

(Muhammad Waizzaada Khorasani: Interview in ‘Haft Aasmaan’ (Seven Skies) Magazine, Issue 9 & 10, Spring and Summer 80, Pg. 12

[163] Ibid. Interview in ‘Haft Aasmaan’ (Seven Skies) Magazine, Issue 9 & 10, Spring and Summer 80, Pg. 24

[164] Nimatullah Salihi Najafabadi: Majmua Maqaalaat, Pg. 168

[165] The Sunni sect does not refer to the infallible Imams because they do not believe in Imamate. They do not consider them as religious source. After the Prophet they refer to Ayesha and Abu Huraira. Their Ijtihaad does not depend on Quran and Sunnah.

[166] Ustad Ja’far Subhani: Peshwayi az Nazar-e-Islam (Leadership in the view of Islam), Pgs. 101-102

[167] Ibid. Pgs. 98-99

[168] Ibid. Pgs. 96

[169] Ibid. Pgs. 99-100

[170] Ibid. Pg. 96

[171] Ibid. Pg. 105

[172] [Refer: Allamah Sharafuddin: Ijtihaad Dar Maqaabil-e-Nass (Ijtihaad against Islamic texts); Allamah Firozabadi: Shinasaai Haft Tan Dar Sadr-e-Islam (Introduction of seven person in early Islam); Allamah Askari: Deedgaah-e-doo Maktab Dar Baare Madaarik-e-Islami (Outlooks of Two Schools about sources of Islamic legislation)]

[173] Ustad Ja’far Subhani: Peshwayi az Nazar-e-Islam, Pg. 102-103

[174] Ibid. Pg. 104

[175] Ibid. Pg. 105

[176] If it be so we cannot justify later Ijtihaad that is not dependent on the infallible Imam or without having obtained knowledge from them.

[177] Muhammad Waizzaada Khorasani: Interview in the periodical, ‘Haft Aasmaan’ Magazine, Issues 9 & 10, Spring & Summer 80, Pg. 13

[178] Ibid. Interview in ‘Haft Aasmaan’ (Seven Skies) Magazine, Issues 9 & 10, Spring & Summer 80, Pg. 15

[179] [That is Imamate]

[180] Reza Ustadi: 25 Dars Dar Bare Imamat (25 Lessons on Imamate), Pg. 11

[181] Refer: Sayyid Murtuza Askari: Maalimul Madrasatain Vol. 2, This book has been translated under the title of: Deedgaah-e-doo Maktab Dar Baare Madaarik-e-Islami (Outlooks of Two Schools about sources of Islamic legislation).

[182] Muhammad Waizzaada Khorasani: Interview in ‘Haft Aasmaan’ (Seven Skies) Magazine, Issues 9 & 10, Spring & Summer 80, Pg. 37

[183] Establishment of link between difference of Islamic faiths with difference of Shia clergies in arguments of knowledge has been sketched in the following way:

The differences among Muslims are in unnecessary matters and unimportant Issues. This does not harm unity of Islamic nation, even a bit. Even among scholars of every sect there exist differences in viewpoints of knowledge and jurisprudence. For instance, in Shia faith amidst jurisprudents there is difference in unimportant and side matters. (Message of Unity, Pg. 242)

[184] [We shall reply to this objection.]

[185] Muhammad Jawad Hujjati Kermani: Interview quoted in Nida-e-Islam Magazine, Issue 4, Winter 79, Pgs. 61-62

[186] [His conjecture about Ijtihaad and jurisprudence of companions is in accordance with outlook of School of Caliphs regarding sources of Islamic legislation.]

[187] Ibid. Interview quoted in Nida-e-Islam Magazine, Issue 4, Winter 79, Pgs. 61-62

[188] Refer: Ghulam Husain Zain Ali: A Letter left Unwritten (Analysis regarding the case of pen and ink-pot)

[189] Refer: Reza Ustadi: Article: ‘Fadak’ quoted in Danish Nama Imam Ali, Vol. 8, Pgs. 345-402

[190] Abdul Kareem Bi-Aazaar Shirazi: Mashal-e-Ittehaad (Torch of Unity), Pg. 22, 30 & 31

[191] Muhammad Waizzaada Khorasani: Article: ‘Elements of Islamic Unity and its Hindrances’ quoted in Kitab-e-Wahdat, Pg. 227

[192] Ibid. Nida-e-Wahdat, Pg. 177

[193] Ibid. Nida-e-Wahdat, Pg. 53-54

[194] Ibid. Interview in ‘Haft Aasmaan’ (Seven Skies) Magazine, Issues 9 & 10, Spring & Summer 80, Pg. 14

[195] Nimatullah Salihi Najafabadi: Majmua Maqaalaat (Collected Essays), Pg. 167

[196] Allamah Askari: Saqifah, Pg. 67

[197] The term of Mujtahid used in Sunni School denotes those who made themselves free to create laws and rules against rules of God and the Prophet.

But in the school of Shiaism this term is applied to one who draws rules from sources of Infallible Imams.

In the due course Shia school applied this term to an expert in jurisprudence therefore the meaning of this term differs with what the Sunnis jurisprudence denotes.

[198] [The terms of ‘Ijtihaad’ and ‘Mujtahid’ became common after the era of Caliphs and their followers. So Caliphs translate divine decrees and any other puzzling issue themselves according to their own taste or necessity. They did not want any authentic or authoritative source.

(Allamah Askari: Deedgaah-e-doo Maktab Dar Baare Madaarik-e-Islami (Outlooks of Two Schools about sources of Islamic legislation), Pg. 89)]

[199] Allamah Ja’far Murtuza Amili: Ranj Haai-e-Hazrat-e-Zahra (Agonies of Zahra), Pgs. 127-128

[200] Allamah Askari: Deedgaah-e-doo Maktab Dar Baare Madaarik-e-Islami (Outlooks of Two Schools about sources of Islamic legislation), Pg. 92

[201] Ibid. Pg. 109

[202] Muhammad Waizzaada Khorasani: Nida-e-Wahdat, Pg. 218

[203] Ibid. Article: ‘Elements of Islamic Unity and its Hindrances’ quoted in Kitab-e-Wahdat, Pg. 256

[204] Interview in ‘Haft Aasmaan’ (Seven Skies) Magazine, Issues 9-10, Spring and Summer 80, Pg. 18

[205] Abdul Kareem Bi-Aazaar Shirazi: Kayhan Farhangi, Issue 184, Bahman 80, Pg. 14

[206] Muhammad Waizzaada Khorasani: Interview in ‘Haft Aasmaan’ (Seven Skies) Magazine, Issues 9-10, Spring and Summer 80, Pg. 19

[207] Ibid. Interview in ‘Haft Aasmaan’ (Seven Skies) Magazine, Issues 9-10, Spring and Summer 80, Pg. 19

[208] [Inner guardianship.]

[209] Ibid. Interview in ‘Haft Aasmaan’ (Seven Skies) Magazine, Issues 9-10, Spring and Summer 80, Pg. 20

[210] Muhammad Salih Haeri Mazandarani: Article quoted in Hambastigi-e-Mazaahib-e-Islami (Unity of Islamic Sects), Pg. 217; Narrators of his outlook: Abdul Kareem Bi-Aazaar Shirazi: Seemai Imam-e-Muttaqeen, (Portrait of the Imam of the Pious), Vol. 5, Pg. 23; Dr. Ali Shariati: Tashayyo-e-Alawi o Tashayyo-e-Safavi [Alawite Shiaism and Safavid Shiaism] (Collected Writings 9) Pg. 76, quoted from statement about belief of Alawite Shias.

[210] Muhammad Salih Haeri Mazandarani: Hambastigi-e-Mazaahib-e-Islami (Unity of Islamic Sects), Pgs. 218-223

[212] Ibid. Hambastigi-e-Mazaahib-e-Islami (Unity of Islamic Sects), Pg. 219

[213] Dr. Ali Shariati: Tashayyo-e-Alawi o Tashayyo-e-Safavi [Alawite Shiaism and Safavid Shiaism] (Collected Writings 9) Pg. 75, quoted from statement about belief of Alawite Shias.

[214] Mustafa Husaini Tabatabai: Raahi Bi Soo-e-Wahdat-e-Islami (Way to Islamic Unity), Pg. 158

[215] [Shaykh Muhammad Salih Haeri Mazandarani]

[216] [The above analysis is also explained as follows: The authority in learning and knowledge of Imam Ali was already known and recognized by Caliphs and they had accepted it. (Abdul Kareem Bi-Aazaar Shirazi: Kayhan Farhangi, Issue 184, Bahman 80, Pg. 16)]

[217] Muhammad Waizzaada Khorasani: Interview in ‘Haft Aasmaan’ (Seven Skies) Magazine, Issues 9-10, Spring and Summer 80, Pg. 20

[218] Abdul Kareem Bi-Aazaar Shirazi: Hambastigi-e-Mazaahib-e-Islami (Preface to the 2nd Edition), Pg. 10

[219] Abdul Kareem Bi-Aazaar Shirazi: Seemai Imam-e-Muttaqeen, (Portrait of the Imam of the Pious), Vol. 5, Pg. 20

[220] Ibid. Vol. 5, Pg. 22

[221] Ibid. Vol. 6, Pg. 16

[222] Ibid. Vol. 7, Pg. 14

[223] bid. Vol. 7, Pg. 18

[224] [The correct Bayyat is one that is given with willingness and desire of the person. Else, it is only a handshake. Or it can be named as an outer show. The acknowledgement of Ali took six months to take place. And it took place under hatred and application of force. It was actually a handshake. (Allamah Askari: Saqifah Pg. 116)

For better and wider comprehension of Bayyat and conditions that surrounded it, refer to Chap. 1 of Vol. 4 of this book.

[225] Abdul Kareem Bi-Aazaar Shirazi: Mashal-e-Ittehaad (Torch of Unity), Pg. 20

[226] [On the basis of Shia Belief the foundation of Islam is Imamate and Wilayat]

[227] Ibid. Hambastigi-e-Mazaahib-e-Islami (Unity of Islamic Sects), Preface to the 3rd Edition, Pg. 11

[228] Mustafa Husaini Tabatabai: Raahi Bi Soo-e-Wahdat-e-Islami (Way to Islamic Unity), Pg. 163

[229] Ibid. 5 Raahi Bi Soo-e-Wahdat-e-Islami (Way to Islamic Unity), Pg. 167

[230] Ibid. 5 Raahi Bi Soo-e-Wahdat-e-Islami (Way to Islamic Unity), Pg. 163

[231] Abdul Kareem Bi-Aazaar Shirazi: Seemai Imam-e-Muttaqeen, (Portrait of the Imam of the Pious), Vol. 5, Pg. 22

[232] Ibid. Paara-e-Payambar (Portion of the Prophet), Vol. 6, Pg. 14-15

[233] Abdul Kareem Bi-Aazaar Shirazi: Paara-e-Payambar (Portion of the Prophet), Vol. 6, Pg. 15

[234] It is interesting that in the explanation of his outlook it is said: “He claims that there are religious proofs to support this separation!” (Muhammad Waizzaada Khorasani: Nida-e-Wahdat, Pg. 216)

[235] This article by Muhammad Abdul Kareem Bi-Aazaar Shirazi has been translated and the contents are approved by him. In this writing we shall deal with the translator’s extensive thought by way of completion of the above outlook.

[236] Muhammad Madani: Article quoted in book Hambastigi-e-Mazaahib-e-Islami (Unity of Islamic Sects), Pg. 90

[237] Mustafa Husaini Tabatabai: Raahi Bi Soo-e-Wahdat-e-Islami (Way to Islamic Unity), Pg. 176

[238] Muhammad Salih Haeri Mazandarani: Article quoted in book Hambastigi-e-Mazaahib-e-Islami (Unity of Islamic Sects), Pg. 222

[239] [We shall answer this objection separately.]

[240] Abdul Kareem Bi-Aazaar Shirazi: Mashal-e-Ittehaad (Torch of Unity), Pg. 25

[241] Ibid. Seemai Imam-e-Muttaqeen, (Portrait of the Imam of the Pious), Vol. 7, Pg. 18

[242] Abdul Kareem Bi-Aazaar Shirazi: Hambastigi-e-Mazaahib-e-Islami (Unity of Islamic Sects), Translation of article, ‘Imamate and Caliphate’ by Shaykh Muhammad Salih Haeri Mazandarani: Pg. 218

[243] Ibid. Hambastigi-e-Mazaahib-e-Islami (Unity of Islamic Sects), Pg. 219

[244] Refer: Abdul Kareem Bi-Aazaar Shirazi: Article quoted in Collected Papers of International Conference on Imam Ali, Vol. 1, Pg. 63-78

[245] Ibid. Article quoted in Hambastigi-e-Mazaahib-e-Islami (Unity of Islamic Sects), (3rd Edition 1377) Pg. 255 onwards.

[246] Ibid. Article quoted in Hambastigi-e-Mazaahib-e-Islami (Unity of Islamic Sects), (3rd Edition 1377) Pg. 257-258

[247] Abdul Kareem Bi-Aazaar Shirazi: Article quoted in Collected Papers of International Conference on Imam Ali, (1st Edition 1380) Vol. 1, Pg. 63

[248] Ibid. Article quoted in Collected Papers of International Conference on Imam Ali, Vol. 1, Pg. 72

[249] Ibid. Article quoted in Collected Papers of International Conference on Imam Ali, Vol. 1, Pg. 74

[250] Ibid. Article quoted in Collected Papers of International Conference on Imam Ali, Vol. 1, Pg. 67

[251] Ibid. Article quoted in Collected Papers of International Conference on Imam Ali, Vol. 1, Pg. 64

[252] Ibid. Article quoted in Collected Papers of International Conference on Imam Ali, Vol. 1, Pg. 63

[253] Ibid. Article quoted in Collected Papers of International Conference on Imam Ali, Vol. 1, Pg. 78

[254] Ibid. Article quoted in Collected Papers of International Conference on Imam Ali, Vol. 1, Pg. 70

[255] Ibid. Article quoted in Collected Papers of International Conference on Imam Ali, Vol. 1, Pg. 64

[256] Ustad Ja’far Subhani: Rahbari-e-Ummat (Leadership of the nation), Pg. 20

[257] Ibid. Peshwayi az Nazar-e-Islam (Leadership in the view of Islam), Pg. 3

[258] Ibid. Pg. 142- 146

[259] Ustad Murtuza Mutahhari: Imamat-o-Rahbari (Imamate and Leadership), Pg. 162-163

[260] Ibid. Pg. 147

[261] Ustad Ja’far Subhani: Rahbari-e-Ummat (Leadership of the nation), Pgs. 102-103

[262] Ibid. Pg. 96

[263] [In other words, the prophethood of the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.s.) and the Imamate of His Eminence Ali (a.s.) have been always together as power of executive and the position of their Wilayat cannot be separated from the power of executive.]

[264] Ibid. Pgs. 94-97

[265] Ibid. Pgs. 94-97

[266] Ibid. Pgs. 94-97

[267] Ibid. Pg. 98

[268] [Imams (a.s.)]

[269] [Usurpers of caliphate]

[270] [Since Saqifah]

[271] Ustad Murtuza Mutahhari: Imamat-o-Rahbari (Imamate and Leadership), Pg. 31-32

[272] Ustad Murtuza Mutahhari: Imamat-o-Rahbari (Imamate and Leadership), Pgs. 80-81

[273] [That is rulership is included among the duties of the Imams.]

[274] Ibid. Pg. 81

[275] Ibid. Pgs. 112-113

[276] Abdul Kareem Bi-Aazaar Shirazi: Seemai Imam-e-Muttaqeen, (Portrait of the Imam of the Pious), Vol. 6, Pg. 8

[277] Ibid. Seemai Imam-e-Muttaqeen, (Portrait of the Imam of the Pious), Vol. 6, Pg. 12

[278] Ibid. Mashal-e-Ittehaad (Torch of Unity), Pg. 20

[279] [He who entertains this outlook has termed the bitterness as a enmity Ali had against the Caliph. This term is not suitable concerning the personality of Ali. Bitterness is possible to have, but he could not be implacable because it is not a good quality. (We shall dwell on this subject in more detail)]

[280] Muhammad Jawad Hujjati Kermani: Ittelaat Daily, Issue no. 26 Khordad 1379

[281] [It should not be forgotten that this is occasion for denial]

[282] Dr. Jawad Muhaddaseen: Jam-e-Jam Daily, Issue 8, Bahman 1379

[283] Muhammad Waizzaada Khorasani: Payaam-e-Wahdat (Message of Unity), Pg. 258

[284] Muhammad Waizzaada Khorasani: Interview in ‘Haft Aasmaan’ (Seven Skies) Magazine, Issues 9-10, Spring & Summer 80, Pgs. 12, 13, 18

[285] Ibid. Interview in ‘Haft Aasmaan’ (Seven Skies) Magazine, Issues 9-10, Spring & Summer 80, Pg. 18

[286] Interview in ‘Haft Aasmaan’ (Seven Skies) Magazine, Issues 9-10, Spring & Summer 80, Pg. 15

[287] Ibid. Nida-e-Wahdat (Call for Unity), Pg. 27

[288] Muhammad Moheet Tabatabai: Sayyid Jamaluddin Asadabadi wa Beedaari-e-Mashriq-e-Zameen (Awakening of Eastern land), Pg. 169

[289] To get acquainted with other Islamic faiths refer to the book The lost Truth by Shaykh Mostasim Sayyid Ahmad. He has written this (above named) book after having been guided to the right faith of Shia 12 Imami.

[290] The essential branches of faith are - on which all Islamic faiths agree - obligation for performing prayers, fasting, Hajj and illegality of marriage with mother, sister and so on. (Muhammad Jawad Mughnia: Article: ‘Zaroorihai Deen-o-Mazhab’ quoted in the book Hambastigi-e-Mazaahib-e-Islami (Unity of Islamic Sects).)

[291] [With reference to discussion about principles of faith and Islam it cannot be used to justify marginalization of Imamate]

[292] Muhammad Jawad Mughnia: Article: ‘Zaroorihai Deen-o-Mazhab’ (Essentialities of faith and religion) quoted in the book Hambastigi-e-Mazaahib-e-Islami (Unity of Islamic Sects). This translation is quoted from the article: ‘Elements of Islamic Unity and its Obstacles’ quoted in Kitab-e-Wahdat (Pgs. 224-225)

[293] Dr. Ali Shariati: Tashayyo-e-Alawi o Tashayyo-e-Safavi [Alawite Shiaism and Safavid Shiaism] (Collected Writings 9) Pg. 75, quoted from statement about belief of Alawite Shias by Shaykh Muhammad Jawad Mughnia: Article: ‘Zaroorihai Deen-o-Mazhab’ (Essentialities of faith and religion) quoted in the book Hambastigi-e-Mazaahib-e-Islami (Unity of Islamic Sects).

[294] Sayyid Ahmad Mawassaqi: Istiratazi-e-Wahdat (Strategy of Unity), Vol. 2, Pg. 204

[295] Allamah Shaykh Muhammad Hasan Muzaffar: Dalailus Sidq (Proofs of Truth), Vol. 2, Pg. 29

[296] Ustad Ja’far Subhani: Peshwayi az Nazar-e-Islam (Leadership in the view of Islam), Pg. 3

[297] Ustad Murtuza Mutahhari: Imamat-o-Rahbari (Imamate and Leadership), Pg. 45

[298] Allamah Shaykh Muhammad Reza Muzaffar: Aqaid al-Imamiyah (Faith of Shia Islam), Pg. 93

[299] Ustad Sayyid Muhammad Dhiyabaadi: Dar Justujoo-e-Ilm-e-Deen (In search of religious knowledge), Pgs. 131-132

[300] Ibid. Pgs. 146-147

[301] Dr. Hadi Ghandhari: Aathaar-e-Itiqaad Ba Imam-e-Zamaan (Signs of Belief in the present Imam) Pgs. 11-13

[302] Note: The contents in the above introduction are taken from two valuable books: 1. Dar Justujoo-e-Ilm-e-Deen (In search of religious knowledge) by Ustad Sayyid Muhammad Dhiyabaadi and 2. Marefat-e-Imam-e-Asr (a.t.f.s.), (Knowing the Imam of the Age) by Dr. Sayyid Muhammad Bani Hashimi.

[303] Hatred and enmity is not a good quality for believers but it is not so towards enemies of faith.

[304] Muhammad Jawad Hujjati Kermani: Jam-e-Jam Daily, Issue No. 10, Bahman 1379

[305] Ibid. Interview published in Nida-e-Islam Magazine, Issue 4, Winter 79, Pgs. 62-64

[306] Ibid. Jam-e-Jam Daily, Issue No. 8, Bahman 1379

[307] Muhammad Waizzaada Khorasani: Payaam-e-Wahdat (Message of Unity), Pg. 274

[308] Muhammad Jawad Hujjati Kermani: Jam-e-Jam Daily, Issue No. 10, Bahman 1379

[309] Ibid. Jam-e-Jam Daily, Issue No. 12, Bahman 1379

[310] Ibid. Interview published in Nida-e-Islam Magazine, Issue 4, Winter 79, Pg. 62

[311] Ibid. Jam-e-Jam Daily, Issue No. 10, Bahman 1379

[312] Ibid. Jam-e-Jam Daily, Issue No. 12, Bahman 1379

[313] Ibid. Jam-e-Jam Daily, Issue No. 12, Bahman 1379

[314] Abdul Kareem Bi-Aazaar Shirazi: Mashal-e-Ittehaad (Torch of Unity), Pg. 22

[315] Ibid. Hambastigi-e-Mazaahib-e-Islami (Unity of Islamic Sects), (Preface to the 3rd Edition) Pg. 11

[316] Muhammad Waizzaada Khorasani: Interview in ‘Haft Aasmaan’ (Seven Skies) Magazine, Issues 9 & 10, Spring & Summer 80, Pg. 26

[317] Ustad Sayyid Muhammad Dhiyabaadi: Dar Justujoo-e-Ilm-e-Deen (In search of religious knowledge), Pgs. 154-158

[318] Ibid. Pg. 157

+[319+] Nazim-ul-Islam Kermani: Tarikh-e-Bedaari-e-Iraniaan (History of Iranian Awakening), Vol. 1, Pgs. 114-115

[320] Sayyid Ahmad Mawassaqi: Istiratazi-e-Wahdat (Strategy of Unity), Vol. 2, Pg. 106

[321] In order to learn about Sunni outlook especially regarding Imamate and Caliphate, refer to the books Peshwai az Nazar-e-Islam and Rahbari-e-Ummat by Ustad Ja’far Subhani.

[322] Refer: Ali Labbaf, A Victim Lost in Saqifah, Vol. 4, Section 2

[323] Haider Ali Qalamdaran: Hukoomat Dar Islam (Government in Islam), Vol. 1, Pg. 52

[324] Ibid. Hukoomat Dar Islam (Government in Islam), Vol. 1, Pg. 51

[325] Mustafa Husaini Tabatabai: Hukumat-e-Deeni O Hukumat-e-Mardumi (Government of religion and Government of people), Pg. 2

[326] Ibid. Hukumat-eDeeni O Hukumat-e-Mardumi (Government of religion and Government of people), Pg. 2

[327] Sayyid Asadullah Meer Islami Kharqani: Raah-e-Tajdeed-e-Azmat O Qudrat-e-Islami (Way to renovate the glory and power of Islam) (Preface by Sayyid Mahmood Taliqani), Pg. 101

[328] Ibid. Raah-e-Tajdeed-e-Azmat O Qudrat-e-Islami (Way to renovate the glory and power of Islam) (Preface by Sayyid Mahmood Taliqani), Pg. 38

[329] Haider Ali Qalamdaran: Hukoomat Dar Islam (Government in Islam), Vol. 1, Pg. 129

[330] Ibid. Hukoomat Dar Islam (Government in Islam), Vol. 1, Pg. 77

[331] Ibid. Hukoomat Dar Islam (Government in Islam), Vol. 1, Pg. 128

[332] Sayyid Asadullah Meer Islami Kharqani: Raah-e-Tajdeed-e-Azmat O Qudrat-e-Islami (Way to renovate the glory and power of Islam) (Preface by Sayyid Mahmood Taliqani), Pg. 38

[333] Ibid. Raah-e-Tajdeed-e-Azmat O Qudrat-e-Islami (Way to renovate the glory and power of Islam) (Preface by Sayyid Mahmood Taliqani), Pg. 290

[334] Mustafa Husaini Tabatabai: Article quoted in the book Deen-O-Hukumat (Religion and Rulership), Pg. 547

[335] Husain Ali Montazeri: Mubaani-e-Fiqhi Hukumat-e-Islami (Translated by Mahmood

[336] Nimatullah Salihi Najafabadi: Hukumat-e-Salihaan (Government of the Righteous), Pg. 77

[337] Ibid. Hukumat-e-Salihaan (Government of the Righteous), Pg. 201

[338] Haider Ali Qalamdaran: Hukoomat Dar Islam (Government in Islam), Vol. 1, Pg. 92

[339] Ibid. Hukoomat Dar Islam (Government in Islam), Vol. 1, Pg. 156

[340] Ibid. Hukoomat Dar Islam (Government in Islam), Vol. 1, Pg. 159

[341] Nimatullah Salihi Najafabadi: Hukumat-e-Salihaan (Government of the Righteous), Pg. 141

[342] Haider Ali Qalamdaran: Hukoomat Dar Islam (Government in Islam), Vol. 1, Pg. 123

[343] Nimatullah Salihi Najafabadi: Majmua Maqaalaat (Collected Essays), Pgs. 106-110

[344] Abdul Ali Bazargan: Shura-O-Bayat (Consultation and Allegiance), Pg. 82-83

[345] Nimatullah Salihi Najafabadi: Hukumat-e-Salihaan (Government of the Righteous), Pg. 137

[346] Attention in this regard shows why unity-seekers place their real idea in the argument of Imamate and Caliphate (elected government).

[347] Roots of this perverted outlook can be found in the conjecture of ‘Obtained Imamate’ in writings of people like Dr. Ali Shariati.

[348] Nimatullah Salihi Najafabadi: Hukumat-e-Salihaan (Government of the Righteous), Pg. 97

[349] Haider Ali Qalamdaran: Hukoomat Dar Islam (Government in Islam), Vol. 1, Pg. 124

[350] Muhammad Jawad Hujjati Kermani: Aftaab-e-Yazd Daily, Issue No. 8, Khordad 1381

[351] Haider Ali Qalamdaran: Hukoomat Dar Islam (Government in Islam), Vol. 1, Pg. 146

[352] Ibid. Hukoomat Dar Islam (Government in Islam), Vol. 1, Pg. 125

[353] Muhammad Waizzaada Khorasani: Nahjul Balagha Magazine, Issues 4-5, Pg. 176

[354] Sayyid Abul Fazl Barqayi: Preface to the book Sharaha-e-Ittehaad (Roads to Unity), Pg. D

[355] Haider Ali Qalamdaran: Hukoomat Dar Islam (Government in Islam),Vol. 1, Pg. 112

[356] Mustafa Husaini Tabatabai: Article quoted in the book Deen-O-Hukumat (Religion and Rulership), Pg. 545

[357] Engineer Mahdi Bazargan: Besat-O-Idiolozy (Proclamation and Ideology), Pg. 115

[358] Ibid. Besat-O-Idiolozy (Proclamation and Ideology), Pg. 148

[358] Ustad Murtuza Mutahhari: Imamat-o-Rahbari (Imamate and Leadership), Pg. 67

[359] Ibid. Pg. 69

[361] Ibid. Pgs. 70-71

[362] Ibid. Pg. 113

[363] Ibid. Pg. 186

[364] Ibid. Pg. 163

[365] Ibid. Pg. 162

[366] Ibid. Pg. 112

[367] Ibid. Pg. 163

[368] Ibid. Pg. 147

[369] Ibid. Pg. 81

[370] Ibid. Pg. 80

[371] Muhammad Jawad Hujjat Kermani: Jam-e-Jam Daily, Issue No. 10, Bahman 1379

[372] Sayyid Razi: Nahjul Balagha, Sermon 74

[373] Refer: Muhammad Jawad Hujjati Kermani: Jam-e-Jam Daily, Issue No. 12, Bahman 1379

[374] That is protection of Quran and Ahle Bayt (a.s.) and absence of apostasy and return of the Ummah to the conditions of idol-worship and ignorance.

[375] “Be enemy to a tyrant and helper to a victim” Ali’s will to his sons, Hasan and Husain, Nahjul Balagha, Muhammad Abduh, Letter No. 47.

[376] Muhammad Jawad Hujjati Kermani: Jam-e-Jam Daily, Issue No. 12, Bahman 1379

[377] Ibid. Interview published in Nida-e-Islam Magazine, Issue 4, Winter 79, Pg. 61

[378] Surah Yunus 10:32

[379] To know the sources of this tradition refer to Ahqaaqul Haqq, Vol. 5, Pg. 28, 43, 623, 638 and Vol. 16, Pgs. 384-397

[380] Ali did not refrain throughout the periods of Caliphs from stating that the caliphate was this right. Ustad Murtuza Mutahhari: Seeri Dar Seerah Aimmah-e-Athaar (A Glance at the Life of Purified Imams), Pg. 22

[381] In cases of consultations if attention were paid it is seen on many occasions Caliphs and even companions have given their opinion. The Imam too has given his opinion. On the occasions when Caliphs were interrogated by non-Muslims in religious and scientific matters, Caliphs did not refer to the Imam. Even in some cases, it has been seen that Caliphs did not accept Imam’s view or opinion. Sometime the Caliph used to ignore the presence of Imam. The Caliph, whether right or wrong, had issued his judgment without referring to Imam.

In order to be acquainted with the limited number of cases wherein the caliph consulted the Imam, refer to the list in the Second Volume of this book.

The important point, which must not be ignored, is:

Claim A: The Second Caliph gave priority to opinion of Ali over opinions of all companions. He had gone so far as to give orders to the effect that no one had a right to give his judgment or opinion as long as Ali was in the mosque. Sometimes in the consulting committee, Umar treated Ali’s opinion as final. On many occasions, he had acknowledged that Ali was superior to all in knowledge. (Abdul Kareem Biazar Shirazi, Keyhan Farhangi, No 184, Bahman 8, Pg. 16)

Claim B: Umar has too often and too repeatedly said: “This judgment of Ali is better than all our judgments.”

When he reached to the Caliphate, he took refuge in God from the situation when he is entangled in a difficult issue and Ali too is not present. Before him Abu Bakr and after him Uthman also sought his help in their difficulties. (Portrait of the Imam of the Pious, Vol. 2, Pg. 7)

The root goes back to the acknowledgement of Caliphs. They have tried to cover their usurping the government which was a God-bestowed right of Ali.

Umar during his Caliphate told Ibne Abbas: “Ali was more suitable and befitting to the post of ruler than me and Abu Bakr. Ibne Abbas said then why he was sidelined? Umar immediately replied: “We do not take decisions without consulting Ali.”

(Ali Muhammad Mir Khalili: Imam Ali and the Rulers, Pg. 167)

Caliphs’ attitude towards attaining consultation of companions can be regarded as their diplomacy to make them feel they also have a share in affairs of government. Besides, it minimized their objections to a certain extent.

This method seemed necessary throughout the long period. The causes of Uthman’s assassination can be found in this very ground because he had abolished to take advice, which was in contrast to his two predecessors. One of the complaints of those who had surrounded his house was that he did not take their advice. Those who surrounded his house complained addressing Uthman. There are points worth noting:

“During your caliphate you have thrashed the companions of Prophet for guiding the people and inviting you back to the right path and be just in your doings. So now it is your turn to pay the cost of your wrong doings.”

(Allamah Askari: Role of Ayesha in Islamic History, Vol. 1, Pg. 251)

Caliphs were always anxious to give legitimacy to their rule. They tried to gain the attention of Ali in whatever way it was possible. They tried to show to the people that Ali was pleased with them. Therefore they were very much serious in their endeavors.

[382] Abdul Kareem Bi-Aazaar Shirazi: Mashal-e-Ittehaad (Torch of Unity), Pg. 22

[383] Ibid. Hambastigi-e-Mazaahib-e-Islami (Unity of Islamic Sects), (Preface to the 3rd Edition), Pg. 11

[384] Ibid. Hambastigi-e-Mazaahib-e-Islami (Unity of Islamic Sects), (Preface to the 3rd Edition) Pg. 207

[385] Ibid. Hambastigi-e-Mazaahib-e-Islami (Unity of Islamic Sects), (Preface to the 3rd Edition) Pg. 217

[386] Mustafa Husaini Tabatabai: Raahi Bi Soo-e-Wahdat-e-Islami (Way to Islamic Unity), Pg. 176

[387] Muhammad Jawad Hujjati Kermani: Aftaab-e-Yazd Daily, Issue No. 9, Tir 1381

[388] Ibid. Aftaab-e-Yazd Daily, Issue No. 9, Tir 1381

[389] Silence for the sake of unity does not mean approval to usurpation of his divine right of Caliphate and an effort of protecting this usurped rulership!

[390] Many such statements are present in the Section One of the book, Strategy of Unity (Section of the biographies of Imams)!

[391] This rests on the same wrong analysis that for the sake of national unity he maintained friendly relations with Saqifah’s caliphate. Ali overlooked his and his wife’s right for the sake of unity of Muslims. He endured all sorts of tyranny. He gave priority to Muslim unity over himself and his wife and his sons. (Sayyid Jawad Mustafawi: Article: ‘Unity in Nahjul Balagha’ in The Book of Unity, Pg. 131)

The behavior of Ali was regarded a distinction to national unity. For this reason whatever action he took with regards to his rights he was careful that unity which was a principle to him should not be harmed. Whenever he thought that his principle was getting hurt he used to ignore his own right. (Muhammad Waizzaada Khorasani: Interview in ‘Haft Aasmaan’ (Seven Skies) Magazine, Nos.9-10 spring, Summer 80, Pg. 11)

[392] In this duration Ali was outside the political as well as military arena. During Abu Bakr’s Caliphate he did not accept any responsibility. He did the same in the time of Umar. He did not accept the post of the commander at the time of Iran invasion. At the time of journey of Umar to Palestine, Umar took all companions of Prophet along with him. Ali took the responsibility of administration of Medina. This was the only exceptional case. It is remarkable here that Umar was strongly against Bani Hashim going out of Medina. He feared their influence in districts outside Medina or their military action which he had anticipated.

(Jalal Darikhsha: Mawaaze Siyasi Hazrat Ali Dar Qibal Mukhalifeen (Political stands of Ali against opponents), Pg. 54

[393] Ustad Murtuza Mutahhari: Imamat-o-Rahbari (Imamate and Leadership), Pg. 20-21

[394] When the curtain is lifted from Saqifah the events come to light. The assault on Fatima’s house, usurping the caliphate and confiscation of Fadak in all these bad and criminal intentions of Caliphs are obvious. It bars the way for dividing God-bestowed positions and makes clear that Members of Prophet’s House took no step of friendship towards them.

[395] Muhammad Salih Haeri Mazandarani: Article in Hambastigi-e-Mazaahib-e-Islami (Unity of Islamic Sects), translation Abdul Kareem Bi-Aazaar Shirazi: Pg. 222

[396] By the martyrdom of Zahra, Ali lost a supporter. Thus Ali became obliged to yield to Abu Bakr’s Caliphate. This he had to do to protect Islam and to avoid the hypocrites and pagans from availing an excuse. For instance, a few persons had claimed prophethood outside Medina. For example, Musailaima who claimed prophethood in the days of Prophet himself. When the Prophet died his family members and his tribe surrounded him in a display of physical support to him. He too had prepared rhetoric verses. His claim was: one prophet for his tribe and one for Quraish. He had prepared forty thousand warriors to attack Medina and to reduce it to dust. Had he reached Medina the first ones he would have killed was Ali and his sons, Hasan and Husain. Then he would have destroyed the grave of Prophet and erased all remaining signs from the face of the earth. Next to him there was a woman from the tribe of Bani Tameem named Sajjah. She had succeeded in gathering a gang around her. She too claimed that she was a prophetess. A number of people had returned to their initial status of idol worship. The following claimed to be kings: Noman Bin Munzir Saavi Tameem. He had his coronation in Bahrain. Another one was Laqeet Bin Malik from Bani Najiah tribe. In Omman he was called ‘Zultaaj’ (crowned). In such circumstances Uthman approached Ali and said: “O, Cousin! You are witnessing this situation. If you do not yield, Islam is facing danger.” So, Ali yielded for the sake of safeguarding Islam. Ali himself says: “I had given up. But I saw people had turned their backs at Islam. And the faith which the Prophet had brought was fast vanishing from the people as they were inviting among themselves to this end. Hence I feared if I do not help and support Muslims and Islam a great defeat will happen to Islam. In that case the havoc will too greater for me than to lose the government of a few days over you.”

It was after Ali’s Bayyat that Abu Bakr was able to send troops outside Medina. However for the sake of centralizing Islam Bayyat of Ali was quite necessary. So it is an established fact that had not Ali given Bayyat Islam would have never survived. So we are rather under an obligation to Ali because of his Bayyat Islam existed and we are Muslims accordingly.

(Allamah Askari: Role of Imams in revival of faith, Vol. 14, Pg. 35-36) For more details of the above case refer to Section One of 4th Volume of this book.

[397] Umar respected Ibn Abbas more and gave priority to belittle Ali. This was a policy so that Ibn Abbas narrate traditions. Allamah Askari: Saqifah, Pg. 73

[398] Rasool Ja’faryan: Hayat-e-Fikri O Siyasi-e-Imamaan-e-Shia (Intellectual and Political Life of Shia Imams), Pg. 53

[399] In matters of utmost importance when Umar was not able to take a decision he used to consult Ali.

[400] Rasool Ja’faryan: Hayat-e-Fikri O Siyasi-e-Imamaan-e-Shia (Intellectual and Political Life of Shia Imams), Pg. 57

[401] Refer: Allamah Askari: Abdullah Ibne Saba Wa Deegar Afsaane (Abdullah Bin Saba and other legends), Vol. 1, Pgs. 143-147

[402] Rasool Ja’faryan: Hayat-e-Fikri O Siyasi-e-Imamaan-e-Shia (Intellectual and Political Life of Shia Imams), Pg. 57

[403] Ibid. Pg. 58

[404] Ibid. Pg. 59

[405] Ibid. Pg. 59

[406] Ibid. Pg. 60

[407] Ibid. Pg. 61

[408] Abdul Kareem Bi-Aazaar Shirazi: Kayhan Farhangi, Issue No. 184, Bahman 80, Pg. 15

[409] Ibid. Seemai Imam-e-Muttaqeen, (Portrait of the Imam of the Pious), Vol. 7, Pg. 18

[410] Muhammad Jawad Hujjati Kermani: Ittelaat Daily, Issue No. 26, Khordad 1379

[411] For more information about these matters refer to book Sahaba Az Deedgaah-e-Nahjul Balagha (Companions in the view of Nahjul Balagha) By Dawood Ilhaami.

[412] After the death of the Prophet (s.a.w.s.) Saqifah was arranged without consulting Ali and Abu Bakr was made the caliph. (Abdul Kareem Bi-Aazaar Shirazi: Mashal-e-Ittehaad (Torch of Unity), Pg. 20

[413] Ibid. Mashal-e-Ittehaad (Torch of Unity), Pg. 22

[414] Muhammad Salih Haeri Mazandarani: Article quoted in Hambastigi-e-Mazaahib-e-Islami (Unity of Islamic Sects), Translation: Abdul Kareem Bi-Aazaar Shirazi: Pg. 220

[415] Ustad Ja’far Subhani: Peshwayi az Nazar-e-Islam (Leadership in the view of Islam), Pgs. 264-265

[416] Ibid. Pgs. 265-268

[417] Muhammad Jawad Hujjati Kermani: Ittelaat Daily, Issue No. 29, Khordad 1379

[418] Ibid. Ittelaat Daily, Issue No. 29, Khordad 1379

[419] Muhammad Waizzaada Khorasani: Interview with Nahjul Balagha Magazine, Issue No. 4-5 Pg. 176

(It is surprising the men in charge of Nahjul Balagha have given room to perverted outlook of Muhammad Waizzaada Khorasani in their Issues No 4 & 5 of Nahjul Balagha Magazine. We read in the beginning of essay on Pg. 7:

“We shall dwell on the outlook of Nahjul Balagha about rulership and leadership. We shall avoid indulging in verbal arguments and only depend on analysis, personal conclusions and real picture.”

[420] Ibid. Interview with Nahjul Balagha Magazine, Issues 4-5, Pg. 178

[421] Ibid. Interview with Nahjul Balagha Magazine, Issues 4-5, Pg. 181

[422] Ibid. Interview with Nahjul Balagha Magazine, Issues 4-5, Pg. 181

[423] Refer: Sayyid Hasan Fatemi: Danish Nama Imam Ali (Scholarship of Imam Ali), Vol. 8, Article: Saqifah, Mustafa Dilshaad Tehrani. Miraas Raboodah, Sayyid Murtuza Askari: Saqifah, Yusuf Gholami: Pas az Ghuroob.

[424] By the same argument can be rejected the analysis of gathering of Ansaar in Saqifah that:

“Ansaar were supporters of Ali (a.s.) and their aim in conglomerating in Saqifah was to take Caliphate from Muhajireen through Saad bin Ubadah and then transfer it to Ali (a.s.). This is not at all acceptable”!

[425] Ibid. Interview with Nahjul Balagha Magazine, Issues 4-5, Pg. 183

[426] Ibid. Interview with Nahjul Balagha Magazine, Issues 4-5, Pg. 183

[427] Ibid. Interview with Nahjul Balagha Magazine, Issues 4-5, Pg. 183

[428] Ibid. Interview with Nahjul Balagha Magazine, Issues 4-5, Pg. 187

[429] Ibid. Interview with Nahjul Balagha Magazine, Issues 4-5, Pg. 183

[430] Ibid. Interview with Nahjul Balagha Magazine, Issues 4-5, Pg. 176

[431] Ibid. Interview with Nahjul Balagha Magazine, Issues 4-5, Pg. 178

432] Ibid. Interview with Nahjul Balagha Magazine, Issues 4-5, Pg. 181

[433] Ibid. Interview with Nahjul Balagha Magazine, Issues 4-5, Pg. 181

[434] Muhammad Waizzaada Khorasani: Interview with Nahjul Balagha Magazine, Nos. 4-5, Pg. 181

[435] All these narrations are taken from the book, Dar Sar Zameen-e-Khatiraha, (Which is text of the lecture of Ustad Ja’far Subhani in Yarmok college).

[436] Refer: Waizzaada Khorasani: Nida-e-Wahdat (Call for Unity), Pgs. 178- 180 & Pgs. 3, 27, 28, 101

[437] Refer: Allamah Askari: Abdullah Ibne Saba Wa Deegar Afsaane (Abdullah Bin Saba and other legends), Vol. 1, Pg. 199 onwards

[438] Refer: Ibid. Doo Maktab Dar Islam (Two Schools of Islam) Vol. 2 (Outlooks of two schools about sources of Islamic legislation) Pg. 92

[439] Refer: Ibid. Pg. 105

[440] Community is in the meaning of custom or system.

[441] Mahdi Ja’fari: Mastoora Aaftaab-e-Sarmad, Pgs. 158-159 quoting from Ibne Teefoor, Balaghatun Nisa (Eloquence of Women), Pg. 12; Jauhari: Saqifah wa Fadak, Pg. 98; Ibn Abi Hadeed: Sharh Nahjul Balagha, Vol. 16, Pg. 211

For the text of this sermon refer to the book of Sadaai Fatimi Fadak, written by Muhammad Baqir Ansaari and Sayyid Husain Rajai