Alhassanain(p) Network for Heritage and Islamic Thought

3. Problems of the Youths

Every stage of life has its own features from mind and bodily formations, as well as, bodily diseases, psychological problems, and behavioral practices. So, every stage of childhood and the stage before puberty, as well as, the puberty stage, itself, and, likewise, elderliness has its own features, and in every stage a person carries the features of the past stage which often paves the way for the subsequent stage. Any problem found in the stage of puberty and youth will be the most dangerous one and the most important. It is of great benefit to mention this problem which happens to the youths and causes inconvenience to them, as well as, to their families and community, they are:

1. The Youth and Abandoning School

2. Rebellion

3. Supremacy of Imagination and Reverie

4. Pride and CarelessnessAbout the Future

5. Anxiety

6. Youths and the Sexual Urge

7. Taking Drugs and Smoking

8. Idleness

1. The Youth and Abandoning School

Education, knowledge and preparing for life, is a fundamental issue in human life, hence, whoever lacks a good education, which prepares him to be beneficial to the community and be a good mannered person, morally and spiritually, becomes very dangerous, both to himself and his community. And aperson who lacks sufficient knowledge and awareness in his life, is an ignorant fellow who harms himself and his community, neither playing a role in the growth of himself or his community.Consequenthy , ignorant parents will not know how to educate their children; an ignorant wife will not know how to deal with her husband, and an ignorant farmer will not know how to use modern ways on his farm and, likewise, an ignorant rich man will not be able to use his wealth and property correctly.

This is how ignorance affects every angle of life. More than that, ignorance is the source of all evils and backwardness and even being the fundamental cause of all crimes in the society. Thus, an ignorant society will not be able to undertake any plans of development or preventing crime, or solving its political, security, economican social problems.

Likewise, an illiterate youth or he who does not have enough knowledge and awareness will not be able to play any role in the development of the society, nor help himself or his family, as expected. The researches and statistics show that illiteracy and ignorance, as well as, lack of consciousness and civilization are among the fundamental causes of youths' problems. Therefore, the problems of illiteracy and unemployment are among the most important problems which face the states and the families. Furthermore, there are the problems of school abandoning in the primary, secondary or university level. Surely, they are among the greatest problems which direct the life and future of the youths towards danger, and encourage them towards idleness, wandering, committing crimes and other vices. Indeed, abandoning school has its own spiritual, intellectual, social, economic, psychological and, sometimes, health problems. Also, vagrancy and loss of shelter resulting from political persecutions, and having no peaceful stability, play their greatest roles in the abandoning of school and the spread of illiteracy. Likewise, the mistreatment by school authorities or teachers' bad conduct toward the students, contribute, immensely, to the abandoning of school by some students.

Certainly, a student's facing psychological problems may be caused by the family, parents' bad conduct or problems among themselves. Even the problem of divorce often causes a split between children or the slackness of the parents toward their children's education and welfare, as well as, preparing ways for the continuation of their education may all play a part in the disruption of a child's education and cause some students to abandon school.

Also, lack of desire towards education by a student, and his relation with bad friends and those who are unsuccessful in their lives, helps a lot in the abandoning of school by a student. However, poverty is among the most important factors in causing the giving up of studies, because poor families cannot provide the necessary needs for their children to study, which contributes in the abandoning of school by a student in the early stage, and will leave him with insufficient means to find a good job that will support his social needs. Thus, these problems, and the like, need to be thoroughly studied in order to find suitable solutions to them.

2. Rebellion

The word rebellion absolutely gives a negative image or meaning, for it always means disobedience and disapproval if supported. But, in Islamic terminology it means going against the power, laws,ideologies and conducts that are pure and right or going against things which deservehonour and respect. Rebellion is not mere rejection and disapproving of what people like, because there are some laws, ideologies and opinions which are not right and are liable to rebellion and disapproval.

In view of this, the rebellion that occurs in the life of the youths, which are caused by the feeling of power and challenging the need for change, has two opposite outlooks; a negative and harmful outlook and a positive outlook which helps in the community's progress and safeguarding its interests. Certainly, the negative rebellion which occurs in the youths and young children is the most serious and complicated one which faces families and societies.

Likewise, negative rebellion or therebellion against what deserves respect andhonour , like pure ideology and laws, subjective, as well as, objective, have causes which deserve to be studied with consciousness and wisdom. Because rebellion by the youths is a dangerous matter to the family and the community at large, and it starts from the cradles of the family, and by refusing the commands of the parents or the pure cultures and ideologies of the family and going against them, children put themselves in great danger.

Then, there is rebellion against the school laws, which are comprised of coming to school on time and every day, writing class work, respecting the teachers, as well as, fellow students, and at the same time, rebellion against the community's rules and regulations. Statistics conducted in 1970 show that: "20 % of the youths of France who were under 30 years of age and 30 % from the men who were below 40 years of age participated in a demonstration in May of 1968 in France. It was confirmed, by this analysis, that the younger generations of the community, in a short time, could react or participate in any rebellion against the ruling power, however, it was confirmed by another research that it is not possible to generalize this result."(15) Rebellion has its own causes which encourageit, and those which may be the most apparent, are the following:

a. Dictatorial relationship of some parents towards their children,supprssing their wills and insisting on restricting them of things which are not restricted by theShari'a . The parents do not change their relationship with the youths, continuing to treat them like a child, who is not conscious, by their commands, interfere in their affairs like studies, marriage, work, dailyactivites and economic matters and even their mode of dress.......which forces some children to rebellion and disapproval and ends up in the showing of no respect for the ideas and commandments of the parents. Thus, problems occur and misunderstandings begin to appear between them, and sometimes end in bad results, disrespect or even leaving the parents' house.

Indeed, Islam has studied carefully these problems so as to bring obedience and respect between both sides. However, Islam differentiates between loyalty to one's parents and submission to them, as it differentiates between guidance, directing and educating, and forcing and dictating their will and desires on the children.

The Islamic jurisprudence necessitates the loyalty and goodness to parents, but, it does not necessitate submission except to Allah, the Almighty, and anything which is not against His laws, for instance, the IslamicShari'a does not necessitate submission upon a girl or a boy to their parents when the parents want to conduct their marriage against their own choice and wish.

The parents' duty is to guide their children to the right path and protect them against what is harmful to them, starting from the legal responsibility, necessity of enjoining good andforbiding evil, holding any pure means for their living less they fall into crisis and failure in their life, as well as, making them understand that the disapproval of the parents to the choice of their children is just for their own good and they should do so with a cool temper and wisdom. This is the best way to change them and keep them from falling into crisis and calamities. It is a mistake for the parents to force their ideas, thoughts and their own way of life, which is not founded legally, upon their children, but, for mere affinity or intimacy or social custom, which makes them strike against their children's ideas and their modern way of life.

Imam Ali (a.s .) has warned parents against this, in his famous saying:

"Do not force your ethics or customs on your children, because they are created in an era different from yours."(16) Surely, this Islamic analysis on the means of life's progress and what occurs betweengenerations, will shed light on most of the complicated matters between parents and children, which often result in rebellion anddisobedence . When Islam studies and analyzes this matter, it calls for thorough investigation, on the matter, as an issue of civilization in the life of a human being based on the fundamentals of good morals. Surely, Islam has warned parents and stops them from bad relationships with their childrenwhich may result in rebellion anddisobedence .

It is reported in a Prophetic tradition that the prophet said: "Oh Ali! Allah and religion has cursed those who hold their children responsible for their disobedience (because they, themselves, did not train them)."(17) All this is to preserve and safeguard the new generations from negative rebellion which the family, nations and communities face that incline toward the materialistic idea and which contradicts the Islamic perspectives on this matter. Even though the parents take on this responsibility, it is important that they guide and encourage their children to love their parents, respect them, listen to their advice, as well as, refrain from rebelling against them.

Therefore, educating a child, showing him the rights of the parents and how to associate and live with them are among the effective factors in controlling rebellion. Surely, family life, especially a good relationship between the parents and the respect between them, or a bad relationship between them, has a great effect in solving or complicating such problems.

b. School: As the parents' conduct and relationship, toward their children, contributes in creating the spirit of negative rebellion, so, also, the school plays a vital role in this field. The system, and complicated ways of dealing with a student, sometimes makes him feel that it is trespassing against his personality and his studies, or it does not correspond with the realty of his life, thus, it forces him to challenge the school's system, create problems and, later on, his leaving the school. Therefore, it is necessary for the school to adjust its communal conditions and systems to the spirit of the times, and deal with a student by considering the nature of a teenager and his problems in this stage, through good conduct and mercy, and not with pressure and punishment, except if it becomes necessary.

c : The nature of a teenager and his morals and spiritual formations: The spiritual nature, as well as, the state of mind, and the level of education, has its own great contribution in rebellion, disapproval and challenges of a teenager. Because the teenage stage is a stage of pride and emotion and power, it is a stage of self feelings, separation from the parent and freedom, likewise, it is a stage of challenging anything that stands in his way, whether it be the family, government or the community: Thus, negative rebellion occurs and, likewise, the positive one.

Therefore, the solution to negative rebellion is to give much concern to the issue of education and make them understand the problem of that stage, as well as, the shunning of the stimulated atmosphere which surrounds teenagers. Hence, young boys and girls who are conscious and civilized will understand this analysis and the problems, as well as, accept the solutions without rebellion or disapproval, not the same as the uncultured and illiterate youth will deal with it; ignorantly.

d. Conditions and circumstances: Surely, economic, intellectual, social and political conditions and circumstances, as well as, the laws and declarations, have a great effect - both positively and negativelyvis -a-vis the government and the laws - on the conduct of the youths and their stance.

Thus, in a condition where the generation of youths are facing poverty and needs, the security of their future activities, through intellectual and political terrorism and racial discrimination, will force them to challenge and rebel against it with all their might, as is happening in some countries of the world. Therefore, intellectual freedom, reforming the economic conditions (and peoples' welfare), and respecting peoples' rights, is the only solution to the problem of negative rebellion and disobedience, not through the use of power and intellectual pressures and terrorism.

3. Supremacy of Imagination and Reverie

Imagination is another intellectual power which has positive, as well as, negative results, and its results return to man according to its usage. In its real sense, it is not an illusion, which controls man and distances him from reality and objectivity, but it is capable of changing into illusion and reverie, which controls man against reality. In the youth stage, the power of imagination activates and stimulates and with its positive outlook, it is the fundamental factor for invention and development. Because through imagination, the youths are able to carry out their technical and graphic works, thus, with imagination the door of invention and progress is opened.

Furthermore, through imagination one can create a new atmosphere different from his own, with the sense of change. Thus, imagination is the ladder and bridge which transforms man from a stagnant atmosphere to a living one that accepts changes and inventions. But, lack of objective experience, in the youths, and the absence of guidance and encouragement from parents or friends and relatives, or the mass media, causes a negative effect and this causes imagination to start working in the generation of youths through their thinking about their future aims like studies, how to live, marriage... etc.

Consequently, the youth starts todecieve himself, by creating things for his future which are not possible and far from reality, as well as, his becoming frustrated whenever his dreams andimagnations fail and do not produce his expected results. Hence, it is necessary to provide the youths with real experiences and knowledge, as well as, warning them against this realty, and guiding them toward the real imagination.

How beneficial is this advice of Imam Ali (a.s .) in which he (a.s .) encourages the use of experiences to his son ImamHasan (a.s .) when he says, "...so I hastened to mold you properly before your heart hardened up and your mind became occupied, so that you might be ready to accept, through your intelligence, the results of the experience of others and be saved from going through these experiences yourself. In this way, you would avoid the hardship of seeking them and the difficulties of experimenting. Thus, you are getting to know what we had experienced and even those things are becoming clear to you which we might have missed."(18)

4. Pride and CarelessnessAbout the Future

Pride and arrogance is a disease which afflicts man as a result of feeling superior over others, pridinghimself on what he has from strength, wealth, beauty, power, position and knowledge. Surely, this disease is the most dangerous one that affects man and destroys him and puts him in peril. The Holy Qur'an describes it by saying: "Nay!, man is most surely inordinate.Because he sees himself free from want." Holy Qur'an (The Clot 96:6-7)It warns against such acts in the advices ofLuqman to his son: "And do not turn your face away from people in contempt, nor go about in the land exulting overmuch; surely Allah does not love any self-conceited boaster." Holy Qur'an (Luqman 31:18)

"(...and do not go about in the land exulting, for you cannot cut through the earth nor reach the mountains in height." Holy Qur'an (The Children of Israel 17:37)

The youth stage, especially the teenage stage, is among the most pride oriented stage in man's life, and that of disrespecting others and falling into hazards and risks.And how often this feeling has a bad effect on the conduct andbehaviour of the youths. How often pride, for instance, has a negative effect on the young boys andgrils even in choosing a wife or husband or the relationship between themselves, or with their family. Thus, an arrogant youth often cannot marry because he does not see asiutable wife for himself. How many young girls stay unmarried due to pride and arrogance to the extent that they lose their virginity, and their family life becomes a hell and often results in disassociation, when the imagination and expected plans, full of pride and arrogance, fail.

Consequenly , an arrogant youth, due to his bodily strength, deals with people with arrogance and challenge, and often his pride ends him in jail or he becomes a community'shatered ; the victim of pride and arrogance. Many incidents, in which tens ofthousand of youths become victims,happens every year due to recklessness and hazardous ventures.

It is worth mentioning that statistics show that the number of those afflicted bybehavioural episodes is higher than the number of those afflicted by communicable diseases, tuberculosis and other diseases, and that the third world countries are spending 53 billion U.S dollars because of theseoccurences , which is equal to the total number of financial aid they receive from the rich countries. Rather, pride and arrogance may make some youths feel shame if they are related to a certain family, race, town or village when they feel that that thing does not suit their position, or they may feel superior over their parents, especially, if their position is superior to that of their parents.

Sometimes, his higher educational background will make him downgrade the opinion of others and their ideas. This kind of pride and arrogance has contributed, immensely, to underestimating the belief in Allah and the messages of the prophets (a.s .). Certainly, pride and arrogance in the youths, due to their power, beauty, wealth, or feeling of superiority of social position or knowledge over others, are among the social problems in the community which need a solution, and educating the young generation, morally and socially, in the schools, media, and family, on the dangers of pride and arrogance, can be done by showing them the end results of proud and arrogant people.

5. Anxiety:

Anxiety is regarded as the most dangerous human disease which destroys man, and his spiritual and bodily health, as well as, pushes him towards bad conduct. Anxiety is defined as: An action composed of fear and expectation of evil, danger and punishment and self-doubt about one's ability to cope with them. Furthermore, anxiety is among the most dangerous problems of the youth, especially in the teenager, and especially in a youth who grows in an atmosphere which lacks good conduct, as well as, belief is Allah.

Thus, anxiety more often turns into dangerous actions, and crimes, like suicide, taking drugs, recklessness in life, aggression, racism and tribalism, smoking ...etc. The most dangerous stage of anxiety is the stage of intellectual and ideological anxiety or having the lack of a firm stance, ideologically, socially and politically. Therefore, it is easy to attract the youths toward the ideas which come as a change to the community. The most important cause of anxiety in the youths is intellectual emptiness which pushes the youths into embracing ideas which have only imagined authenticity, lack of belief in Allah or its weakness, uncertainty about the future,politicial persecution, idleness and easy living, pessimism in achieving the easy living, fear of failure in academic undertakings, fear of contacting diseases, especially the epidemic ones like Aids, family problems, as well as, the future of married life.

The researches and scientific statistics show that anxiety is increasing among the human circles, especially in the youths' circles, and especially in Western countries. People, in such countries like America, and some European and Asian countries, pay little attention to the belief in Allah, the Most High, and religion does not play an important role in their affairs.

Indeed, the ideology of belief in Allah and entrusting all affairs to him, accepting its fate and destiny, wisdom and justice, His love to His creatures and His mercy to them, as well as, undertaking the necessary moral processes for solving man's economic, family and social problems, are the fundamentals, as well as, laws for solving the problem of anxiety and providing a guarantee and security for the life and personality of a human being. Here, we will introduce theQur'anic solutions to these problems, which result from the belief in Divine fate and destiny, as in His saying: "Say nothing will happen to us except what Allah has decreed for us..." Holy Qur'an (Repentance 9:51)

"Those who believe, and whose hearts find satisfaction in the remembrance of Allah; for without doubt in the remembrance of Allah do hearts find satisfaction." Holy Qur'an (Thunder 13:28)

And a clear guarantee for the life of the human race which Adam (a.s .) was addressed: "Surely it is (ordained) for you that you shall not be hungry therein nor bare of clothing, and that you shall not be thirsty therein nor shall you feel the heat of the sun." Holy Qur'an (TaHa 20:118-119) "So let them serve the Lord of this house who feeds them against hunger and gives them security against fear." Holy Qur'an (TheQuraish 106:3-4)

Surely, this insurance is the most important guarantee to man's spiritual security and eliminates the spirit of anxiety and fear from the impasses of this material life, as well as, calling him to provide social security and political justice, as is in thesaying of Allah, the Most High,: "Surely Allah enjoins the doing of justice and the doing of good (to others) and the giving to the kindred, and he forbids indecency and evil and rebellion..." Holy Qur'an (The Bee 16:90)

6. Youths and the Sexual Urge:

Islam regards the issue of sex, and sexual rights, among the fundamental issues in human life, as well as, enacting the necessary laws and system for satisfying the sexual instinct and controlling its zest. In order to shed more light on the subject, let us examine some Islamic laws and their sources which discuss the issue of sex, sexual rights, enjoyment and beauty, and which show the pure sexual civilization free from sexual complications and which are present in some communities and ideologies, as well as, free from sexual declination and pollution.

TheQur'anic texts, Prophetic traditions, as well as, the legal laws extracted from the Qur'an andhadith , shed light on this issue. Indeed, this attention to sex laws confirms the importance of the sexual instinct in human life and the way Islam deals with the sexual issue and solving its problems, although giving detailed analyses to this issue needs a separate book. But, here, we will present an outline of statements and laws, as well as, sexual culture in Islam. Allah, the Most High, says: "And one of His signs is that He created mates for you from yourselves that you may find rest in them, and He put between you love and compassion..." Holy Qur'an (Rome 30:21)

"...Then as tothose whom you profit by, give them their dowries as appointed..." Holy Qur'an (The Women 4:24) "And leave what your Lord has created for you to be your mates?... " Holy Qur'an (The Poets 26:166) "And they ask you about menstruation. Say: It isa pollution , therefore keep aloof from the women during the menstrual discharge, and do not go near them until they have become clean, then when they have cleansed themselves, go into them as Allah has commanded you..." Holy Qur'an (The Cow 2:222) "And marry those among you who are single and those who are fit among your male slaves and your female slaves..." Holy Qur'an (Light 24:32) "....so marry them with the permission of their masters, and give them their dowries justly, they beingchaste , not fornicating..." Holy Qur'an (The Women 4:25)

"Your wives are atilth for you, so go into yourtilth when you like..." Holy Qur'an (The Cow 2:223) "Or He makes them of both sorts, male and female..." Holy Qur'an (Consultation 42:50) "And let those who do not find the means to marry keep chaste until Allah makes them free from want out of His grace..." Holy Qur'an (Light 24:33) There are tens of verses in the Holy Qur'an which discuss the issue of sex under the title of marriage, and, also, on the subject of woman and her relationship with a man. Also, the prophetic traditions discuss this issue technically, as well as, legally. But, when elaborating on these principles, it is necessary to understand that all these are not only advices and sermons, rather, they are laws and systems which the society, as well as, the individual must build their lives upon, and everyone will be taken to account, like they will be taken to account in the Hereafter.

To elaborate more we quote, here, some prophetic traditions, that the holy prophet (s.a.w .) said: "I like three things in this your world: perfume, women and prayer."(19)

"Whoever marries has completed half of his religion."(20) "Whoever wants to meet Allah in purity, he should meet him with a wife."(21)Ummu Salma related to the Holy Prophet (s.a.w .) that a group of his companions prohibited women from eating in the day time and sleeping at night with themselves. The holy prophet (s.a.w .) addressed them, saying: "Are you running from women when I am coming to the women, eating in the day time and sleeping together in the night. Whoever turns away from my tradition (sunna ) is not of me," and, so Allah revealed this verse: "... Do not forbid (yourselves) the good things which Allah has made lawful for you and do not exceed the limits, surely Allah does not love those who exceed the limits..."(22)

Holy Qur'an (The Table Spread 5:87)Surely , from the above texts, we can detect the following expressions and terms which show the importance of sex in human life, they are: "...that you may find rest in them..." Holy Qur'an (Rome 30:21) "...then as to those whom you profit by,... " Holy Qur'an (The Women 4:24) "And leave what your Lord has created for you to be your mates..." Holy Qur'an (The Poets 26:166) "...Your wives are atilth for you..." Holy Qur'an (The Cow 2:223) "So go into yourtilth when you like..." Holy Qur'an (The Cow 2:223)

All these principles call for legally respecting sex and satisfying the sexual urges and, at the same, warn against fornication, deviation and other sexual vices, as well as, pointing out the severity of punishments for illegal sexual relations like fornication, homosexuality... etc. And, also, through the statistics recorded by the institutions of health and crime, we can deduce why Islam prohibited these illegal conducts, and why itprescibed hard and severe punishment for them. Surely, if we understood the tragic and harmful effects of those illegal actions, we would be able to detect the justice and wisdom of those laws and that they are enacted for man's security and benefit not for rejecting and proscribing his sexual rights.

7. Taking Drugs and Smoking

Among the great problems, as well as, social, health and security tragedies which are afflicting the present, materialistic civilization and the uncultured individual, is the drug problem and its addiction. Statistics conducted by some institutions concerned, confirmed that among the most complicated problems of youths and teenagers is the taking of drugs. Indeed, these substances have destructive effects and negative results on the body and spiritual health, the economy and in the field of crime and general deviated conduct and, likewise, on the family and social relationships. Thus, drugs are substances which destroy the capability of man and spiritual, as well as, power of conscience and, likewise, social position and, at long last, became a tragedy to the society.

Also, taking drugs and their subsequent addiction has its own spiritual and intellectual factors which government and other institutions are trying hard to prevent through educating their citizens, especially the youths and teenagers, on their evil effects. In view of this, many laws were enacted, international resolutions made, and many conferences held for the prevention of drug use and production. In addition to the efforts of some governments to bring an end to this dangerous calamity, though this is not the end, physicians, as well as, criminologists and sociologists...etc., have rendered great efforts in studying the issue of drugs and their addiction, as well as, their negative effects on the body and society's health and man's activities generally, but, at long last, all these studies confirm one point and that is that man and the society must be prevented from the dangers of drugs.

In conclusion, all these scientific researches and the studies of the experts, in different fields, end in agreement with the Islamicshari'a's stance of prohibiting the use of alcohol and drugs and the severe punishment for the offender. Thus, in their reformatory efforts, the nations and reformatory organizations are trying hard, by adopting the addicts and the drug traffickers socially, i.e., by providing work and occupations for them, as well as, social respect in the community's eye and, likewise, rehabilitating them, morally, after their deviation from the true way of life and morals. Efforts are made by the experts, media, family, school, laws, government and reformatory organizations in rescuing people from this dangerous epidemic triumph, but a youth is more worthier in salvaging himself, salvaging his personality from collapsing, his conduct from deviation and social disrespect, preventing his life and health from danger and turning himself around to be a benefit to the community and its source of respect, thereby, rescuing the downfall of his personality and exposing it to danger. The most dangerous drugs, taken by addicted people,which are harmful to the health, as well as, the society and the system, as the statistics of the experts show, are:

1. Alcohol

2. Opium and its by-products

3. Cannabis (marijuana)

4. Cocaine

5. Kat (khat -Cathaedulis )

6. LSD and other hallucinogens

7. Heroine ...etc.

Already the IslamicShari'a has prohibited the drinking of alcohol, as well as, the use of drugs, due to their harmful effects to the mind, spirit, body and wealth, and, likewise, the prescribed punishment for those who indulge in their use, for preserving theindvidual , as well as, the community's health from the evil of this epidemic, and it discourages from rape, theft, aggression, family problems and other negative effects on the children of the addicted persons. Allah, the Most High, says:

"O you who believe! Intoxicants and games of chance and (sacrficing to) stones set up and (dividing by) arrows are onlyan uncleanness , theShaitan's work; shun it..." Holy Qur'an (The Table Spread 5:90)

It is in view of this, that the Qur'an terms alcohol as filth and an atrocity which must be shunned, as the Qur'an also regards alcohol among the causes of misunderstanding and security problems where it calls it enmity and hatred. Allah, the Most High, says:

"TheShaitan only desires to cause enmity and hatred to spring in your midst by means of intoxicants and games of chance..." Holy Qur'an (The Table Spread 5:91)And , it is reported that the Holy Prophet (s.a.w .) said:"Any intoxicant is forbidden."(23) Due to the danger that afflicts whoever takes this deadly substance, Islam prohibits the manufacturing of beer, transactions of it, drinking, as well as, the selling of the substances used in its production, if it is known that they will be used for illegal purposes. And, surely, much concern is being given, educationally, and through the mass media on its prohibition, as well as, its danger to life, and was founded on the aim of safeguarding human life and protection from its evil effects.

Consequently, among the most dangerous effects of taking this substance, is its effect on the intellect and lack of consciousness which results in sexual violation (rape) and acts which destroy man's personality and dignity, as it causes the waste of billions of dollars annually in the taking of this substance and its cure, whereas (if not because of this) this huge amount of wealth could be used to fight poverty and on other welfare programs likesufficent health and educational services to the community. But these extravagant acts cause the suffering of millions of people all over the globe. In addition, the negative effect on man's health is caused by this deadly and destructive substance.

8. Idleness

Surely, idleness is not only an economic problem, but it is also a spiritual, social, security, as well as, political problem. And the youths' generation is a generation of work and production, because it is the generation of power, capability, skillfulness and experience. Consequently, the youth is thinking about the growth of his condition, economically, as well as, socially, by depending on himself through work and production,espcially the able-bodied ones and graduates who spend the most important part of their life in school, as, also, millions of youths are suffering from idleness, because of insufficient capability and lack of sufficient knowledge and experience due to their government or families slackness and carelessness. The statistics show that there are millions of youths, all over the world, who are jobless, and in the end they are suffering from poverty, needs and deprivation, as well as, bad conditions of health or lateness in marriage, and the growth of their family or their inability to sustain their families.

Another scientific statistic shows that idleness has its own bad effect on the surety of spirit due to the effect it has on the body's health. Indeed, large number of unemployed persons showed signs of lost spiritual esteem, feelings of frustration, feeling inferior to others, and it confirms that some of them were overpowered by weariness and that they were deprived, bodily, as well as, intellectually,(24) and, likewise, the statistic showed that idleness obstructed the spiritual growth of youths. It not only found that anxiety and dejection, as well as, gloominess increased among the jobless people, rather these circumstances extended negatively to the relationship with the wife and children, thereby, increasing the family's problems. Another factor which pushes people to the act of taking their own life is trying to escape debt, and it has been found that 69% of those committing suicide are jobless people, where the percentage of crimes, like manslaughter, and aggression increases between the ranks of jobless persons as a result of spiritual tension and strain.

Among the problems of idleness, which has its own negative, as well as, positive effect, is the problem of emigration and leaving the family and the community. The fundamental cause of this problem, between the jobless people, is poverty and lack of life sustenance. Indeed, the crippling of bodily capability due to idleness, especially between the capable and experienced youths who do not have the means to practice it, will force this capability to turn into a disaster for them and, at long last, cause problems for them (and their community). And furthermore, idleness has become a major complication in some countries, and even brings down some governments, due to demonstrations and rebellion toward the rulers and financial administrators whom the jobless term as the causers of idleness and unemployment.

But, surely, Islam has solved the problem ofpovety and idleness spiritually, as well as, materialistically! It is reported that the holy prophet (s.a.w .) said: "A soul (spirit) becomes steady when it attains its power."(25) And ImamJa'far Al-Sadiq (a.s .) said: "A soul defiles its owner, if it does not have what it needs to stand on, but if it gains its power becomes steady."(26)

These traditions disclose the scientific analysis on the relation between the spiritual side of man and material sufficiency, and its effect,vis -a-vis , steady and spiritual calmness, and that lacking and poverty causes grief, anxiety and unsteadiness, and, health problems like hypertension, digestive tract disease, bodily pain...etc. Therefore, idleness is the major cause of poverty,insufficency and deprivation. It is in view of this that Islam calls people to work and discourages them from idleness and laziness. Rather, it, also, necessitates work in order to sustain life with necessary needs for himself and those under his care.

For controlling idleness, Islam calls for the learning of some professions like businesstransactions, mechancial works, tailoring services, farming... etc. It is related in a prophetic tradition that: "Allah loves an honest professional."(27) The Holy Qur'an calls on people to work and seek wealth, where it says: "therefore go about in the spacious tracts thereof, and eat of His sustenance, and to Him is the return..." Holy Qur'an (Dominion 67:15)

"But when the prayer is over, then disperse abroad in the land and seek of Allah's grace..." Holy Qur'an (Friday 62:10)

And the Holy Prophet (s.a.w .) regards work as Jihad in Allah's cause. It is reported that he (s.a.w .)said : "Ahardworker for sustaining his family's needs is like amujahid (Islamic warrior) in Allah's cause."(28) It is also reported from Imam Ali (a.s ) that he said: "Laziness and impotence merge as things merge, resulting in poverty."(29) For discouraging and warning against idleness and laziness, we quote what is reported from ImamRidha (a.s .) quoting his father, Imam Musa binJa'far al-Kazim (a.s .), who said: "My father cautioned some of his children to be wary of laziness and boredom, because it prevents one from fortune and luck both in this world and the hereafter."(30)

And indeed the prophet, the holy Imams and the pious servants have manifested these principles practically, because they used to raise animals, practice farming, transactions, tailoring andcarpentary . And Imam Ali bin Musa al-Ridha (a.s .) has disclosed this which has been related from one of his companions that: "I sawAbul-Hasan working on his land, his back wet with sweat, then I said to him: `May I be your ransom, where are the men?' He said: `The holy prophet (s.a.w .), Imam Ali and the rest of myfathers (peace be upon them all) have worked with their hands, and it is the work of prophets, messengers, ministers of state and pious servants.' "(31)

Surely, allthese give the generation of youths an awareness of the importance of work and the danger of idleness and gives them the material capability, as well as, personalhonour and respect and discourages them from idleness and laziness. Consequently, among the major prerequisites of work, in the present world,is knowledge and professional capabilities . Thus, work fills thevaccum and rescues the youths from spiritual impasses, as well as, prepares a way for their success and future growth. And how many times the governmentalparatacticals , especially in the capitalist countries and other monopoly corporations, unjustly accuse the youths in the third world of seizing their goods and wealth, as well as, causing problems and crises which causes the death of millions of people. When the wealth of these people is destroyed and they are forced to stay in poverty, idleness and deprivation, it is necessary for us to be politically, as well as, socially conscious and work toward the growth of our wealth and render our services to the present and future generations.

2.Infulencing Factors in an Individual's Conduct

The human conduct, itself, forms a relatively objective unit, which is the outcome of different factors and activities, hence, the humanbehaviour , like mercy, honesty, justice, uttering good words, or telling lies,hypocracy , crime, murder, using drugs and practicing monopoly, are clear signs of how different factors are united in itself, thus, by it asymphathetic human being or a criminal one is made or a complicated one who suffers from a nervous andpychological disease. Indeed, the psychological studies and the researches of criminologists andpychologists have been able to present to us analyses and interpretations to the humanbehaviour and refers them to their original factors. These studies and researches discovered that the human conduct, being good or bad - isbiult from diverse factors and causes social, hereditary and natural instincts...etc

It is beneficial to summarize these factors, so as to shed light on some circumstancesepecially thepychological crises and complicated ones, and also the conditions of deviation and unnaturalbehaviours and manners which are clearly visible among the youths. The state of rebellion against the law, sexual deviation, crime, theft and aggressions, degradation of personality and wandering, taking alcohol and drugs, suicide and social vices; which usually turns to bodily diseases, can be attributed to the essential causes and stages that form the human personality.

But whatever the circumstances may be, we ought to understand that man is an existence which has desire and power of change and transformation, and the freedom to choose what is right, instead of deviation; that is why seeking forgiveness is decreed, as well as, enjoining good and prohibiting evil.

However, the main factors which contribute in the formation of individual conducts are:

a. The Family and the Circumstances of the First Upbringing

b. Genetic Composition

c. School Education

d. The Media and Its Affect on the Conduct of the Youths

e. Political Power and Authority

f. The Culture and Beliefs of the Youths

Later on, we will see the role of each of these factors, and their effect on the conduct of the youth in particular. This kind of enlightenment will give the youthvis -a-vis the condition ofcomtemplation and controversy, a forum of dispute and the stimulus of emotion and instinct, as well as, the impulses of conduct, before he attends to them, and takes any stance. Howmarvellous and superb is this guidance of the Holy Prophet, which says: "Should you set your mind on doing something think of its outcome. If it is good, go ahead, but if it is bad, refrain from doing it"(1)

We must understand that among the most important factors behind the corruption in the conduct of the young generation is their unconscious drift toward the stimulus and personal interests, and their submission to the pressures of the sexual instinct and otherbehaviours which affect the personality of the youth; aware or unaware.

However, we can understand this brief explanation, scientifically, by considering the relationship between the intellect, consciousness andbehaviours , as we can see it clearly in some reports and researches in this field, as well as, the record and statistics which show the spreading of crime, deviation and other irregular practices in a community covered by ignorance, intellectual and cultural retardation, disbelief in Allah, which is another result of human ignorance, and the misinterpretation of this world, thus, analyzing it negatively.

a. Family and the Circumstances of the First Upbringing

The Islamic view pointvis -a-vis the scientific perspective for the growing and formation of man through the stages of his existence manifest in the relationships between those stages, from the time of the uniting of the sperm and the egg up to the stages of elderliness. Islam shows that even the relationship between the different kinds of food eaten by the parents and the zygote, which forms the baby, as well as, the behaviors of the parents toward the child in his early stage and the community and the environment which surrounds him, all have a great role in the upbringing of a newly born child.

Accordingly, we see the holy prophet (s.a.w .) explains that a man's embracing a certain ideology andbehaviour in his maturity and responsibility is related to the way he was raised and educated by his parents.

Thus, a person becoming a Muslim, having goodbehaviour , or a person becoming a deviant, shows that his parents and the way he was raised has had a hand in it. But, a person is, initially, born with a pure and clean intellect.

Although his intellect is subject to adjustment and theaccomodating of different ideas andbehaviours , it is in the first stage that a person and his nature is formed from this the saying of the holy prophet (s.a.w .) will become clear, i.e., "Every man is born on moral constitution unless his parents' will causes him to become ajew orchristian or idol worshipper."(2) And the Holy Qur'an talks about this reality, i.e., the relationship between the early education given by the parents and the humanbehaviour after the grade of maturity and intellectually and bodily perfection.

Allah the most high is saying: "And Allah has brought you forth from the wombs of your mothers - when you knew nothing - and He gave you hearing and sight and the hearts that you may give thanks (to Him)". Holy Qur'an (The Bee 16:78)

"O You whobelieve : Save yourselves and your families from a fire whose fuel is men and stones..." Holy Qur'an (Prohibitions 66:6)

In this view, the Holy Qur'an connects what man learns and obtains in his early stage, what he hears, sees and comprehends and with what comes to him after that, hence, it enjoins the parents to educate and discipline their children aright and warns them against negligence and carelessness (toward their children).

Imam Ali (a.s .) in his sermon to his son Imam Hassan (a.s ) also connects between what man obtains and learns during the infancy stage and what his person will become in terms of thought and conduct at his puberty stage. He says: "Certainly, the heart of a young man is like uncultivated land. It accepts whatever is strewn upon it. So, I hastened to mold you properly before your heart hardened up and your mind became occupied, that you might be ready to accept, through your intelligence, the results of the experience of others and be saved from going through these experiences yourself..."(3)

Verily, by this, the Imam (a.s .) proves to us the basis of education, i.e., undertaking the education of a child (before his heart becomes hardened and his mind becomes occupied).

Certainly, this principle of education stands on a scientific or educational basis calling us to undertake the discipline of children and educating them before they grow up and their mind becomes busy with experiences and other corrupt teachings and ideologies, otherwise, we will have to start from the beginning and repeat the education once more. But, most likely, we cannot cure some deviations, and, if so, man becomes a victim and will be left in total distress the whole of his life. Thus, the foundation of most of the problems, social vices and corruption in conducts is the childhood stage which is not founded on the basis of goodness and piety.

The studies conducted on the rate of crimes in the U.S.A., in 1910, shows that 50 % of the 7,598 crimes came from family problems and separation, and that 50 % of the children in reformatorycentres in England and Scotland came from broken homes. Also, the studies conducted by a German researcher on 144criminals shows that all of them came from broken homes. And the research conducted by another German on some 2000 criminals shows that 26 % of them came from families in which the parents were separated for some reason or other. In 1942, a French researcher conducted research in the city of Paris on crime, and it shows that 88 % of the criminals came from separated families.( 4)

In general, the reason for good conduct is correct family education, and, likewise, most social vices, which a person practices in his puberty stage; like jealousy and having an inferiority complex, laziness,dependance , selfishness, aggression, drinking alcohol and using drugs, telling lies, stealing,hypocracy and showing bad behavior toward his fellow being, all these are attributed to the family education and discipline which herecieved in his puberty stage. Man'sbehaviour , morals and attributes grow, even though escaping from them and controlling them is possible. Thus, man is an existence having will, freedom of choice and power of change, although his education, if not undertaken properly, creates difficulties for him, and others may become victims of such erroneous education.

Hence, among the ways a man can understand his personality and the problems he faces or the positive side of his personality is that he should remember the nature of his first growth, and study the environment and atmosphere in which he grew up, in order to understand the source of his problems or the positive side of his personality.

b. Genetic Composition

Studies and field researches performed on the conduct of individuals, particularly the abnormal and unnatural ones, like of those who were inflicted with sexual deviations, tribalism,aggression ...etc. show that there are some biological, physiological, and hereditary factors which have anaffect on the conduct of a person, as well as, other educative, environmental and communal factors. Indeed, it iscomfirmed , scientifically, that the endocrine gland and hormones have a great effect on a person, and their effect increases - both in males and females, in the puberty and youth stages.

However, man, with his power, is able to change his stand and displace or divert his desires, selfishness and personal interests. These scientific studies confirm that the nature of the body structure of a person, and his composition, has an effect on his conduct and humanbehaviour . Therefore, the bodily structure of both a young boy and girl, like beauty and power, or weakness, simplicity and ugliness, has an effect on their variousbehaviours .

Like the affiliation to a certain class or social rank of a person, physicalstrenghth or weakness, and even thecolour and body size of a person, like the breasts and hair in young girls and the strength and height in body in young boys, and eveneloquency in speech, has a great effect on their conduct and humanbehaviour .

By considering all these, the bodily structure of a person has an effect on his conduct andbehaviour , or even in the formation of bad habits, like pride and arrogance, inferiority complex, zeal and jealousy, and the sense of wanting to oppress others. But, Islam has cured all these problems by warning man against pride and arrogance, as it warns him against zeal and jealousy and the feeling of inferiority, and emphasizing that man's value lies in his intellect, conduct andbehaviour . In view of this, humanity has value and worthiness which depends on the intellect, morals and will, not just on man's bodily structure or other material things whichdecieve him. Allah, the Most High, says: "Surely the mosthonourable of you in the sight of Allah is the one among you most careful (of his duty). Holy Qur'an (Inner Apartments 49:13)

Warning against the deception of the bodily structure in the case of theMunafiqeen (hypocrites), Allah, the Almighty, describes them: "When you see them, their exteriors please you; and if they speak; you listen to their words. They are as (worthless as hollow) pieces of wood clad with garments, (unable to stand on their own). They think that every cry is against them. They are the enemies; so beware of them. The curse of Allahbe on them; how are they deluded (away from the truth)." Holy Qur'an (Hypocrites 63:4)

In an advice,Luqman warns his son against pride andarrogancy : "And do not go about in the land exultingly, for you cannot cut through the earth nor reach the mountains in height." Holy Qur'an (Luqman 31:37)

In this respect, the Holy Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w .) says: "Surely the Almighty, Allah, does not look at your structure and wealth, but He looks at your hearts and deeds."(5) Also came a warning against pride and arrogance or pride of the body structure, like havingeloquency in speech, strength, health...etc., and likewise, another warning came against those who feel a sense of deficiency, because they have lost some part of their body. And the spirit of zeal and jealousy sometimes makes them feelembarassment and shame or creates a spirit of retaliation in some of them. Allah the Most High says: "Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of the Dawn, from the evil of what He has created; and from the evil of the utterly dark night when it comes; and from the evil of those who blow on knots, and from the evil of the envious when he envies." Holy Qur'an (The Dawn 113:1-5)

And Allah, the Almighty, also says:

"And do not covet that by which Allah has made some of you excel others. Men shall have the benefit of what they earned and women shall have the benefit of what they earn, and ask Allah of His grace, surely Allah knows all things." Holy Qur'an (Women 4:32)

Surely, the calling to self perfection, and perception of the self and essence without the feeling of inferiority or as a result of what a man has in his structure, is manifested in this supplication of ImamZain-ul Abideen Ali binHussain (a.s .): "O Allah put my wealth in myself."(6) Thus, the supplication summarizes the highest peak of relationship with the self and prevents it from feeling inferior, zealous or jealous. Therefore, in every man, there are certain specifications and qualities with which he enjoys and which are enough to make him satisfied with his personality if he makes good use them.

This is the justice of Allah, the Most high, and it is His wisdom to His creatures, and the feeling of superiority over others opens one's will to work hard and feel that he needs the hand of others. The Holy Qur'an sheds more light on this, when it says: "...And We have exalted some of them above others in degree, that some of them may take others in subjection..."

Holy Qur'an (Adornments 43:32)

Hence, we can see this enlightenment to a cure for this self problem, which came from the bodily structure of a person. In this regard, the Holy Prophet (s.a.w .), describing the attributes of a true believer, says: "Faith and jealousy cannot be gathered together in the heart of a person."(7)

c. School Education

The issue of education and its influence on the futurebehaviour of a person is not regarded as a scientific or practical issue, because it is among the clearest issues in the field of science. Therefore, the educational elements in school life have the most effect in the forming of one's personality and creating one's identity. Thus, a child, in our present world, spends the most important part of his life in the school atmosphere. He starts his life in its environment and from the nursery schools andkindergartens, it participates in the stages of his life through the primary and secondary schools, colleges anduniversites . Thus, he spends his childhood, puberty and youth in a system of life designed and arranged according to particular programs and purposes.

Therefore, he grows and forms his personality according to the philosophy of education and a life system governed by school, whether the schools are run by the state or by private funds and associations.

So, the school that adopts materialistic ideas or notions in its programs and does not give much concern to morals and belief in Allah, will produce licentious personalities who are craving after worldly gains without principles, and whose bases are built on social and political platforms. Surely, such schools will produce materialistic and capitalistic minds. General reforms and changes basically start from the school in its educational philosophy, programs and the ways of life in it and, also, the personality of the teachers who practice teaching. Thus, the school's elements - programs, methods, thebehaviours inside school and the teachers, will play a great role in the formation of one's personality.

Hence, the school teaches a student how to live with tens or hundreds of students and how to deal with different customs and cultures and how to gain from them.

The school builds its educational life on some certain principles and helps in forming the social conditions, choosing what suits its principles and refusing whatever is against its aims and purposes, therefore, it, in essence, is a small model of a community and a state. Certainly, it is more, in that, the school plays a vital role in the life of a student from the time he understands his self and starts to think about his future ambitions andexpections . So, the school becomes an essential source for him to achieve his future aspirations and ambitions. In view of this, the general opinion polls, among the students, will give us the knowledge of hope, opinions and the approaches of the student, as well as, where they are heading in the future. Likewise, failure in their studies will cause great problems for most of them, and can also affect their conduct and the future of their lives; even among their families and communities. Therefore, it is advantageous to study the problems of children and teenagers before they become more complicated and difficult to find solutions for and which may cause them to give up their studies in the primary or secondary stages, without gaining scientific training, culture and knowledge which may help them to achieve their future ambitions.

So often the teacher, or the method of education and the way of dealing with students, plays a vital role in creating problems for children and teenagers. Therefore, it demands that the school employ a social- psychology researcher to study the students' problems according to their ages and conditions, as well as, their problems from their childhood, young age and youth stages with the aim of solving them, before they become complicated anddistructive to the student and his studies, though most of the recent schools have already adopted this method. Also, bad economic conditions play a vital role in causing a student, at this age, to give his studies and his concentration to be fully focused on earning his living, or he gives up studying forever because of being unable to pay his school fees.

Bad companions and friends, also, participate greatly in the failure of the continuation of studies. Because, in this stage, it is easy to attract a child toward vices and bad habits, directing him towards loitering, vagrancy and playing in vain instead of thinking, seriously, to his respected future.

In addition, the culture of the parents and their appreciation of the future of their children, and their good relationship with them or bad habits and negligence toward them,has a great role in the failure or prosperity of their studies and life. All these show the importance of having good relationships with the youth and younger generations, because it helps them a lot in the success of their school life.

It is worth mentioning that Islam considers the seeking of knowledge compulsory for all Muslims on two levels; i.e.,Ainii andKifa'i .?????? It considers knowledge with its diverse branches, as a way to human perfection, faith in the Divine messages, knowing Allah, practicing good conduct, community's growth and life organization. This is clearly seen in thesayings of Allah, the Most High: "...Those truly fear Allah, among His servants, who have knowledge..." Holy Qur'an (The Originator 35:28)

And also says, "...Allah will raise up to (suitable) ranks (and degrees) those of you who believe and who have been granted (mystic) knowledge.." Holy Qur'an (The Woman WhoPleads 58:11) And also says: "Read and your Lord is MostHonourable . Who taught (to write) with the pen, taught man what he knew not." Holy Qur'an (The Clot 96:3-5)

Making a connection between ignorance and moral deterioration, the Almighty, Allah, says: "What! Do you indeed approach men lustfully rather than women? Nay, you are a people who act ignorantly." Holy Qur'an (The Ants 27:55)

And the Most High said: "...And if you turn not away their snare from me, I will yearn towards them and become (one) of the ignorant." Holy Qur'an (Joseph 12:33)

"...and man has turned unfaithful to it; surely he is unjust, ignorant." Holy Qur'an (The Allies 33:72)

"...surely I admonish you lest you may be of the ignorant." Holy Qur'an (Hud 11:46)

"...but I see you are a people who are ignorant." Holy Qur'an (The WindingSandtracts 46:23)

The Holy Qur'an founded the Islamic Message on the principles and basis of knowledge and education, and called for the establishment of faith on the basis of knowledge, evidence and proof. In view of this, the Holy Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w .) continued the call for seeking knowledge and motivated people towards it, and, in addition,he (s.a.w .), himself , propagated knowledge and education. Thus, after the battle ofBadr , the Holy Prophet (s.a.w .) demanded that each of theQuraish's prisoners of war should teach ten of the Muslims to read as a ransom from captivity, so as to show that being free from captivity is equal to being free from ignorance. At various times, we read in the Prophetic traditions, commandments andguidances , motivations and stimulations toward seeking knowledge, like in his (s.a.w .) saying: "Seeking knowledge is compulsory upon every Muslim."(8)

And: "The angels spread their wings to a seeker of knowledge."(9)

And: "Whoever prepares a way for seeking knowledge, Allah will prepare a way to Paradise for him." All thesehadiths , and the like, show us the importance, in Islam, of knowledge and seeking it. And also it makes clear, to us, the interest and concern Islam has toward biologicalknowledges , like pharmacology, engineering, physics, agriculture and chemistry, as well as,differnt professions and works, if we understand that IslamicShari'a regards thoseknowledges and professions as compulsory duties, i.e., it is compulsory to obtain it as much as permissible. Thus, we understand the importance of knowledge and Islam's aim in seeking knowledge.

Both the government and the individual should take the responsibility to execute this duty by preparing some people with knowledge, and teaching them different professions, so that the community will be acquainted with thoseknowledges and professions.

Islam puts great emphasis on the parents with regard to teaching their children, being merciful to them and, also, solving their problems. It is obvious that the family has a great role in providing a suitable atmosphere for their children's education, and encouraging them to seek knowledge, and preventing them from having relations with bad friends who disturb their studies. Likewise, the parents, by cooperating with the schools, can solve their children's problems.

In view of this, what we ought to give special attention to is directing the students toward the rules and principles ofstuding , showing them the importance of knowledge, encouraging them to continue their studies to the higher levels, and giving them advice and guidance which will prevent them from abandoning their studies and their professions. Likewise, the government should participate, greatly, and give a helping hand in education and solving the economic problems of the students which force them to leave their studies.

However, a young man should think, seriously, about his future and that the continuation of his studies and learning other works and having a profession are basic issues in his life, therefore, it is compulsory upon him to put forth more effort on his part and take a lesson from the life of those people who have lost their future, so that he will not become a victim like they.

d. The Media and Its Affect on the Conduct of the Youths

In our present world, the means of communication and conveying thoughts and information, has developed rapidly, seeming to travel at the speed of light and sound, and reaches every angle of the world within a few seconds. There are a great number of institutions, equipment and special devices for mass enlightenment, establishing general opinions and individual resolutions.

In addition, the means of communication and information, like television, radio, internal waves, computers, newspapers, books, magazines...have become the dominant power upon the thoughts and a means of establishing a pattern for conduct. Therefore, the media contributes in the establishment of political thoughts, as well as, individual positions and thoughts, and it contributes immensely, especially the pictorial type, like, television, cinema, Video, and pornographic magazines, in affecting the general thought and conduct of the people.

The youths - especially at the puberty stage - are active and ready, more than other people, to copy other personalities, and are influenced by the people who appear on the screen of television or cinema.

They are influenced by other people who play a vital role in the political, social and revolutionary arena, as well as, great historical heroes. This is because a youth - whether male or female - is in the stage of building his or her personality. Therefore, he or she needs someone to copy. Since instinct and desires, especially the sexual instinct, are at their highest peak and putting pressure on the youths, so they are looking for a solution to it, therefore, the media have contributed, immensely, in stirring and arousing the sexual instinct by means of pornographic and seductive films, pictures, stories, as well as, cultures, like the use of guerilla warfare tactics and aggression in films which contribute, a lot, in deviating the youths and teaching them criminal acts. In view of this, some governments are prohibiting the showing of pornographic and guerilla warfare films, often prohibiting the youth from attending the theaters where these films are shown.

The result of the statistics on viewing videos conducted by Dr. AlexanderAldila in Lebanon shows that: "The viewing of social and emotional films wins the first position while detective films win the second position..."(10)

Another report states that: The studies conducted in the U.S on 110 people in a corrections institute show that 49% of them got the desire of carrying weapons from watching the cinema and 12-21 % of them found the audacity to steal and kill police from the same source. While the studies conducted on 252 deviated young girls, between the ages of 14-18, shows that 25% of them had sexual relationships as a result of watchingpornoqraphic films in the cinema and 41 % of them were led to glamorous ceremonies, night theaters and 54% of them cut school in order to watch films, while 17% of them left their homes as a result of the conflict between them and their family on going to the cinema.

A W.H.O report and, also, a French Judge, about the factors of deviation, say: "I don't have any doubt that some films, especially detective films, play a great, harmful role in most of the cases."

A questionnaire and cross examination on 1344 personalities conducted in Britain on the relationship between the cinema and corruption of children under 16, found that 600 of them answered that there is a relationship between the cinema and children's deviation. Other studies also show that most of the stealing and robbing, which happens in the West, has an effect from the cinema.( 11) At last, it can be concluded that watching emotional films, pornographic and detective films is corrupting people, and furthermore, as scientific studiescomfirm , the youth at this stage, can be influenced by all this, because he is on the verge of his growth. From all these statistics, we can deduce that the work of the mass media in the formation of emotions and conduct involving instinct, as well as, copying the role of the heroes, is important.

e. Political Power and Authority

With the advancement of social living and civilization and its complications, the role of government and its importance in the life of an individual and community becomes high, and the interference of government in vital and necessary issues, becomes apparent, as well as, in social, intellectual, educational, economical, cultural and informative matters.

In addition, it is upon the government to undertake the responsibility of education and its organization, supervise the ministry of information and direct other ministries according to its general politics and aims, and enact rules and regulations governing its citizens, therefore, thegoverment plays a vital role in the formation of individual conduct and culture, positively or negatively.

Thus, the Islamic message considers the formation of an Islamic government as an obligatory matter, and defines Islamic government as: "A government established on the basis of Islam and its principles", and tries to make the government an instrument of execution,indvidual and community building and governing the community on the basis of IslamicShari'a . In view of this, the Islamic scholars term the existence of an Imam (a leader) as a mercy, i.e., he can encourage people toward obedience and submission (to Allah's Commands) and discourages them from sin and disobediences, because he is the one who coordinates life's construction and leads it on the basis of Islamic values and principles through his government.

The government contributes in the formation of an individual's conduct, and the political powers and parties also contribute in the formation of an individual's conduct, especially the youths, because they are more emotional and easy to be affiliated with a particular political group or movement and accept its thoughts and manifestations, whether it carries luminous ideas based on Islamic principles and its original values or being deviated parties, ideas and thoughts. Thus, it is the parents' duty to direct their children toward the right direction, and guard them against affiliating with deviated parties or groups.

f. The Culture and Beliefs of the Youths

"It is He Who brought you forth from the wombs of your mothers when you knew nothing and He gave you hearing and sight and the hearts; that you may give thanks (to Allah)."Holy Qur'an (The Bee 16:78) "Read! and your Lord is MostHonourable , Who taught (to write) with the pen, Taught man that which he knew not. Nay!man is most surely inordinate, because he sees himself free from want." Holy Qur'an (The Clot 96:4-7)

"...those truly fear Allah, among His servants, who have knowledge..." Holy Qur'an (The Originator 35:28)

These holy verses, among others, show the importance of knowledge and education, and the relationship between knowledge and conduct. For instance, thanksgiving and fear, i.e., submission and obedience to the laws and morals, before it transforms into reality, passes certain stages starting from imagination, which is the first step of an action, then, it inclines to this imagination, then, after being satisfied with it, chooses it and transforms it into action.

This is how imagination transforms into action through intellectual and psychological processes. It is clear that the belief and culture of a person contributes in creating the ideas and imaginations governing his stance and actions, as well as, depending on it.

The studies and researches conducted, in this field, show that the culture, ideas and beliefs of a person contribute immensely to his conduct, the statistics confirm that the aggression and deviation in the ignorant people, or who lack civilization and knowledge or who do not believe in Allah or theJudgement Day and the Hereafter, is related to their ignorance and unconsciousness.

Therefore, knowledge and cultural adaptation which a person bears, participate in guarding him against failure and practicing crimes and aggression, as it, also, participates, immensely, in the belief in Allah and the Hereafter, good conduct and morals. Thus, a person who is wise and conscious, socially and knowledgeably, about the actions that tempt him, and understands their bad consequences, both in this world and the Hereafter, will refrain from performing these acts due to the knowledge he has.

And a knowledgeable and civilizedperson who is conscious of his knowledge, respects his personality, because he knows the essence of his being in the society and evaluates his responsibilities before the Lord of the worlds Who bestowed on him knowledge and consciousness. Therefore, he refrains from committing crimes, sins and other immoral actions.

However, the more knowledge, piety, chasteness and self-respect in a person increases due to his civilization, social consciousness and his belief in Allah, the more his social dignity, respect for the laws that protect his interest, as well as, the interests of the community will increase. This will also help him in shunning the acts which downgrade his personality, put him under the divine and world by punishments, social contempt and general hatred.Whereas, an ignorant and uncultured person who does not know the essence of his carelessness to commit any kind of atrocity and crime will downgrade his own personality.

It is reported, in one of the traditions of the Holy Imams ofAhlul -Bait (a.s .) about the importance of respecting man's personality, and knowing the essence of his existence and consciousness about the consequences of his actions, thus: "Do not feel secure from the evil of a person who outrages his self."(12) Anotherhadith says: "An ignorant companion is an inconvenience."(13)

And it has come in anotherhadith ; an explanation of the difficulty of guiding an ignorant man after he has become deviated and changing his accustomed conduct, which shows the danger of ignorance and its effect on deviation and committing crimes. In ahadith , ImamJa'far al-Sadiq (a.s .) says: "Teaching an ignorant (person) and changing his accustomed conduct appears to be a miracle."(14) Certainly the researches, field statistics and scientific analyses reveal that self sincerity and conduct require three basic elements, they are: 1. Knowledge and awareness on the conduct and actions which a person will present, thus, a person who knows the harm of beer, drugs, smoking, gambling and recklessness, and the danger of fornication and adultery, will not go close to them talking of committing them. But, as for a person who is controlled by instinct and ignorance, will become the victim of thosedestuctive actions, destroying his wealth, health and dignity in them. Therefore, it is obligatory to enlighten the youths, and educate them on the incidents, statistics and experiences which victimized others (men and women), so that they can be of those who are alert and refrain from committing those acts.

And for strengthening the conduct of a person, there is a need to spread knowledge, awareness, and civilization and control ignorance and illiteracy. The school and cultural curriculum, or system for the people, should be a system which concerns itself with man's guidance against deviated, criminal acts.

Because knowledge gives man awareness on what is going on and understanding it in a true, scientific way, thus, he can have correct relations with it, far from deviation and ignorance. Likewise, it gives his self awareness and understanding of the essence of his existence andpersonality, therefore, he can have good relations with his person and guard his dignity and security. It gives him understanding of the actions and processes which stir in his self and direct him toward his actions, so as to study it and act consciously toward it in order to turn down those which direct him to evil and viciousness and to follow those that guide him to virtue.

Also, knowledge gives man the ability to understand the usefulness and harmfulness of an action which returns to him or his community. He responds to the useful and good ones and rejects the evil and vicious ones. It gives him anablity to understand his past, present and future and protects him against falling into danger, mistakes and wasting good opportunities, as it gives him the understanding of reality and his surroundings and he knows how to deal with it and guard himself against problems...this is how knowledge becomes man's protector and director in life.

2. Beliefs: Beliefs, ideas and civilization of a person forms a basic stimulant upon performing a particular action or refraining from it. Thus, malicious ideas and thoughts, likemarxism and capitalism, which call for unbridled freedom and the malicious ideas of psychologists and other ideas which were formed on a material basis deprived of morals and belief in Allah inflict a lot of damages on the community. Surely, the only pure and real ideology for the human generation is Islam, which has arranged human conduct on the basis of belief, because it prohibits everything which afflicts harmful results on the wellbeing of man, as well as, community interests.

In addition, Islam prohibits fornication, homosexuality, beer, gambling, drugs, slaughter, rape and violation of women, a stage that has reached untold proportions of selling millions of young girls for sexual purposes in Western countries. Therefore, the youth who believe in Allah and the Day ofRessurection , protect themselves against those actions which result in loss of health, wealth and dignity and often end with imprisonment and death, and the downgrading of the personality.

Furthermore, the researches and statistics conducted by some institutions confirmed that the percentage of crime, deviation and social problems and vices in Europe, America, Russia, Japan and other countries of the world, is increasing upon all the educational, scientific and economicaldevelpments enjoyed there. This is because the knowledge, awareness and social welfare (in those countries)does not safeguard man from crime, deviation and negativism.

Man can understand the evil and danger of lying, forgery, fornication, drugs, smoking, extravagance, oppression,manslaugther , stealing, raping, pride...etc., but he is practicing it, because the knowledge which is deprived him of the belief in Allah and the Hereafter will not protect against those crimes...in view of this, the holy Qur'an joins knowledge with belief, and says: "...Allah will raise up to (suitable) ranks (and degrees) those of you who believe and who have been granted (mystic) knowledge.." Holy Qur'an (The Woman Who Pleads 58:11) Therefore man's progress and priority will not be achieved unless through interaction between knowledge and belief.

3. Willingness: Will is the ability to perform an act or refrain from it. In short, it is that stance which shows a human's essence, and willingness is the basis ofsharia's responsibility of doing an act. Thus, a man who has the power of will is able to access the self stances and desires, and face the problems and events... forthis, his conduct will be well founded. The secret of personal power, basically, is will power, as will power is one of the effective ways of man's success, achieving his goals and the security of his future...thus, with the power of will, man can fight against fornication, forbidden wealth and those who want to direct him to evil work. And, likewise, with the power of will, man drinks alcohol, smokes, takes drugs, etc., hence, educating the power of will is Islam's interest and aims at it morally and through education.

Therefore, the youths need to respect their self will, so as to enter the world of life with full dignity founded on good conduct and behavior. Before taking any resolution, he has to weigh the consequences, and think, seriously, about what he wants to do, especially because he is on a dangerous stage. And the most important factors for strengthening the will are: belief in AllahTa'ala , patience, worshipping like Fasting, prayers and jihad, teaching the self to stand against prohibited things, practicing and preserving the obligatory acts, self satisfaction, struggling to achieve good acts and aims and expelling indecision and anxious ideas.

2.Infulencing Factors in an Individual's Conduct

The human conduct, itself, forms a relatively objective unit, which is the outcome of different factors and activities, hence, the humanbehaviour , like mercy, honesty, justice, uttering good words, or telling lies,hypocracy , crime, murder, using drugs and practicing monopoly, are clear signs of how different factors are united in itself, thus, by it asymphathetic human being or a criminal one is made or a complicated one who suffers from a nervous andpychological disease. Indeed, the psychological studies and the researches of criminologists andpychologists have been able to present to us analyses and interpretations to the humanbehaviour and refers them to their original factors. These studies and researches discovered that the human conduct, being good or bad - isbiult from diverse factors and causes social, hereditary and natural instincts...etc

It is beneficial to summarize these factors, so as to shed light on some circumstancesepecially thepychological crises and complicated ones, and also the conditions of deviation and unnaturalbehaviours and manners which are clearly visible among the youths. The state of rebellion against the law, sexual deviation, crime, theft and aggressions, degradation of personality and wandering, taking alcohol and drugs, suicide and social vices; which usually turns to bodily diseases, can be attributed to the essential causes and stages that form the human personality.

But whatever the circumstances may be, we ought to understand that man is an existence which has desire and power of change and transformation, and the freedom to choose what is right, instead of deviation; that is why seeking forgiveness is decreed, as well as, enjoining good and prohibiting evil.

However, the main factors which contribute in the formation of individual conducts are:

a. The Family and the Circumstances of the First Upbringing

b. Genetic Composition

c. School Education

d. The Media and Its Affect on the Conduct of the Youths

e. Political Power and Authority

f. The Culture and Beliefs of the Youths

Later on, we will see the role of each of these factors, and their effect on the conduct of the youth in particular. This kind of enlightenment will give the youthvis -a-vis the condition ofcomtemplation and controversy, a forum of dispute and the stimulus of emotion and instinct, as well as, the impulses of conduct, before he attends to them, and takes any stance. Howmarvellous and superb is this guidance of the Holy Prophet, which says: "Should you set your mind on doing something think of its outcome. If it is good, go ahead, but if it is bad, refrain from doing it"(1)

We must understand that among the most important factors behind the corruption in the conduct of the young generation is their unconscious drift toward the stimulus and personal interests, and their submission to the pressures of the sexual instinct and otherbehaviours which affect the personality of the youth; aware or unaware.

However, we can understand this brief explanation, scientifically, by considering the relationship between the intellect, consciousness andbehaviours , as we can see it clearly in some reports and researches in this field, as well as, the record and statistics which show the spreading of crime, deviation and other irregular practices in a community covered by ignorance, intellectual and cultural retardation, disbelief in Allah, which is another result of human ignorance, and the misinterpretation of this world, thus, analyzing it negatively.

a. Family and the Circumstances of the First Upbringing

The Islamic view pointvis -a-vis the scientific perspective for the growing and formation of man through the stages of his existence manifest in the relationships between those stages, from the time of the uniting of the sperm and the egg up to the stages of elderliness. Islam shows that even the relationship between the different kinds of food eaten by the parents and the zygote, which forms the baby, as well as, the behaviors of the parents toward the child in his early stage and the community and the environment which surrounds him, all have a great role in the upbringing of a newly born child.

Accordingly, we see the holy prophet (s.a.w .) explains that a man's embracing a certain ideology andbehaviour in his maturity and responsibility is related to the way he was raised and educated by his parents.

Thus, a person becoming a Muslim, having goodbehaviour , or a person becoming a deviant, shows that his parents and the way he was raised has had a hand in it. But, a person is, initially, born with a pure and clean intellect.

Although his intellect is subject to adjustment and theaccomodating of different ideas andbehaviours , it is in the first stage that a person and his nature is formed from this the saying of the holy prophet (s.a.w .) will become clear, i.e., "Every man is born on moral constitution unless his parents' will causes him to become ajew orchristian or idol worshipper."(2) And the Holy Qur'an talks about this reality, i.e., the relationship between the early education given by the parents and the humanbehaviour after the grade of maturity and intellectually and bodily perfection.

Allah the most high is saying: "And Allah has brought you forth from the wombs of your mothers - when you knew nothing - and He gave you hearing and sight and the hearts that you may give thanks (to Him)". Holy Qur'an (The Bee 16:78)

"O You whobelieve : Save yourselves and your families from a fire whose fuel is men and stones..." Holy Qur'an (Prohibitions 66:6)

In this view, the Holy Qur'an connects what man learns and obtains in his early stage, what he hears, sees and comprehends and with what comes to him after that, hence, it enjoins the parents to educate and discipline their children aright and warns them against negligence and carelessness (toward their children).

Imam Ali (a.s .) in his sermon to his son Imam Hassan (a.s ) also connects between what man obtains and learns during the infancy stage and what his person will become in terms of thought and conduct at his puberty stage. He says: "Certainly, the heart of a young man is like uncultivated land. It accepts whatever is strewn upon it. So, I hastened to mold you properly before your heart hardened up and your mind became occupied, that you might be ready to accept, through your intelligence, the results of the experience of others and be saved from going through these experiences yourself..."(3)

Verily, by this, the Imam (a.s .) proves to us the basis of education, i.e., undertaking the education of a child (before his heart becomes hardened and his mind becomes occupied).

Certainly, this principle of education stands on a scientific or educational basis calling us to undertake the discipline of children and educating them before they grow up and their mind becomes busy with experiences and other corrupt teachings and ideologies, otherwise, we will have to start from the beginning and repeat the education once more. But, most likely, we cannot cure some deviations, and, if so, man becomes a victim and will be left in total distress the whole of his life. Thus, the foundation of most of the problems, social vices and corruption in conducts is the childhood stage which is not founded on the basis of goodness and piety.

The studies conducted on the rate of crimes in the U.S.A., in 1910, shows that 50 % of the 7,598 crimes came from family problems and separation, and that 50 % of the children in reformatorycentres in England and Scotland came from broken homes. Also, the studies conducted by a German researcher on 144criminals shows that all of them came from broken homes. And the research conducted by another German on some 2000 criminals shows that 26 % of them came from families in which the parents were separated for some reason or other. In 1942, a French researcher conducted research in the city of Paris on crime, and it shows that 88 % of the criminals came from separated families.( 4)

In general, the reason for good conduct is correct family education, and, likewise, most social vices, which a person practices in his puberty stage; like jealousy and having an inferiority complex, laziness,dependance , selfishness, aggression, drinking alcohol and using drugs, telling lies, stealing,hypocracy and showing bad behavior toward his fellow being, all these are attributed to the family education and discipline which herecieved in his puberty stage. Man'sbehaviour , morals and attributes grow, even though escaping from them and controlling them is possible. Thus, man is an existence having will, freedom of choice and power of change, although his education, if not undertaken properly, creates difficulties for him, and others may become victims of such erroneous education.

Hence, among the ways a man can understand his personality and the problems he faces or the positive side of his personality is that he should remember the nature of his first growth, and study the environment and atmosphere in which he grew up, in order to understand the source of his problems or the positive side of his personality.

b. Genetic Composition

Studies and field researches performed on the conduct of individuals, particularly the abnormal and unnatural ones, like of those who were inflicted with sexual deviations, tribalism,aggression ...etc. show that there are some biological, physiological, and hereditary factors which have anaffect on the conduct of a person, as well as, other educative, environmental and communal factors. Indeed, it iscomfirmed , scientifically, that the endocrine gland and hormones have a great effect on a person, and their effect increases - both in males and females, in the puberty and youth stages.

However, man, with his power, is able to change his stand and displace or divert his desires, selfishness and personal interests. These scientific studies confirm that the nature of the body structure of a person, and his composition, has an effect on his conduct and humanbehaviour . Therefore, the bodily structure of both a young boy and girl, like beauty and power, or weakness, simplicity and ugliness, has an effect on their variousbehaviours .

Like the affiliation to a certain class or social rank of a person, physicalstrenghth or weakness, and even thecolour and body size of a person, like the breasts and hair in young girls and the strength and height in body in young boys, and eveneloquency in speech, has a great effect on their conduct and humanbehaviour .

By considering all these, the bodily structure of a person has an effect on his conduct andbehaviour , or even in the formation of bad habits, like pride and arrogance, inferiority complex, zeal and jealousy, and the sense of wanting to oppress others. But, Islam has cured all these problems by warning man against pride and arrogance, as it warns him against zeal and jealousy and the feeling of inferiority, and emphasizing that man's value lies in his intellect, conduct andbehaviour . In view of this, humanity has value and worthiness which depends on the intellect, morals and will, not just on man's bodily structure or other material things whichdecieve him. Allah, the Most High, says: "Surely the mosthonourable of you in the sight of Allah is the one among you most careful (of his duty). Holy Qur'an (Inner Apartments 49:13)

Warning against the deception of the bodily structure in the case of theMunafiqeen (hypocrites), Allah, the Almighty, describes them: "When you see them, their exteriors please you; and if they speak; you listen to their words. They are as (worthless as hollow) pieces of wood clad with garments, (unable to stand on their own). They think that every cry is against them. They are the enemies; so beware of them. The curse of Allahbe on them; how are they deluded (away from the truth)." Holy Qur'an (Hypocrites 63:4)

In an advice,Luqman warns his son against pride andarrogancy : "And do not go about in the land exultingly, for you cannot cut through the earth nor reach the mountains in height." Holy Qur'an (Luqman 31:37)

In this respect, the Holy Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w .) says: "Surely the Almighty, Allah, does not look at your structure and wealth, but He looks at your hearts and deeds."(5) Also came a warning against pride and arrogance or pride of the body structure, like havingeloquency in speech, strength, health...etc., and likewise, another warning came against those who feel a sense of deficiency, because they have lost some part of their body. And the spirit of zeal and jealousy sometimes makes them feelembarassment and shame or creates a spirit of retaliation in some of them. Allah the Most High says: "Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of the Dawn, from the evil of what He has created; and from the evil of the utterly dark night when it comes; and from the evil of those who blow on knots, and from the evil of the envious when he envies." Holy Qur'an (The Dawn 113:1-5)

And Allah, the Almighty, also says:

"And do not covet that by which Allah has made some of you excel others. Men shall have the benefit of what they earned and women shall have the benefit of what they earn, and ask Allah of His grace, surely Allah knows all things." Holy Qur'an (Women 4:32)

Surely, the calling to self perfection, and perception of the self and essence without the feeling of inferiority or as a result of what a man has in his structure, is manifested in this supplication of ImamZain-ul Abideen Ali binHussain (a.s .): "O Allah put my wealth in myself."(6) Thus, the supplication summarizes the highest peak of relationship with the self and prevents it from feeling inferior, zealous or jealous. Therefore, in every man, there are certain specifications and qualities with which he enjoys and which are enough to make him satisfied with his personality if he makes good use them.

This is the justice of Allah, the Most high, and it is His wisdom to His creatures, and the feeling of superiority over others opens one's will to work hard and feel that he needs the hand of others. The Holy Qur'an sheds more light on this, when it says: "...And We have exalted some of them above others in degree, that some of them may take others in subjection..."

Holy Qur'an (Adornments 43:32)

Hence, we can see this enlightenment to a cure for this self problem, which came from the bodily structure of a person. In this regard, the Holy Prophet (s.a.w .), describing the attributes of a true believer, says: "Faith and jealousy cannot be gathered together in the heart of a person."(7)

c. School Education

The issue of education and its influence on the futurebehaviour of a person is not regarded as a scientific or practical issue, because it is among the clearest issues in the field of science. Therefore, the educational elements in school life have the most effect in the forming of one's personality and creating one's identity. Thus, a child, in our present world, spends the most important part of his life in the school atmosphere. He starts his life in its environment and from the nursery schools andkindergartens, it participates in the stages of his life through the primary and secondary schools, colleges anduniversites . Thus, he spends his childhood, puberty and youth in a system of life designed and arranged according to particular programs and purposes.

Therefore, he grows and forms his personality according to the philosophy of education and a life system governed by school, whether the schools are run by the state or by private funds and associations.

So, the school that adopts materialistic ideas or notions in its programs and does not give much concern to morals and belief in Allah, will produce licentious personalities who are craving after worldly gains without principles, and whose bases are built on social and political platforms. Surely, such schools will produce materialistic and capitalistic minds. General reforms and changes basically start from the school in its educational philosophy, programs and the ways of life in it and, also, the personality of the teachers who practice teaching. Thus, the school's elements - programs, methods, thebehaviours inside school and the teachers, will play a great role in the formation of one's personality.

Hence, the school teaches a student how to live with tens or hundreds of students and how to deal with different customs and cultures and how to gain from them.

The school builds its educational life on some certain principles and helps in forming the social conditions, choosing what suits its principles and refusing whatever is against its aims and purposes, therefore, it, in essence, is a small model of a community and a state. Certainly, it is more, in that, the school plays a vital role in the life of a student from the time he understands his self and starts to think about his future ambitions andexpections . So, the school becomes an essential source for him to achieve his future aspirations and ambitions. In view of this, the general opinion polls, among the students, will give us the knowledge of hope, opinions and the approaches of the student, as well as, where they are heading in the future. Likewise, failure in their studies will cause great problems for most of them, and can also affect their conduct and the future of their lives; even among their families and communities. Therefore, it is advantageous to study the problems of children and teenagers before they become more complicated and difficult to find solutions for and which may cause them to give up their studies in the primary or secondary stages, without gaining scientific training, culture and knowledge which may help them to achieve their future ambitions.

So often the teacher, or the method of education and the way of dealing with students, plays a vital role in creating problems for children and teenagers. Therefore, it demands that the school employ a social- psychology researcher to study the students' problems according to their ages and conditions, as well as, their problems from their childhood, young age and youth stages with the aim of solving them, before they become complicated anddistructive to the student and his studies, though most of the recent schools have already adopted this method. Also, bad economic conditions play a vital role in causing a student, at this age, to give his studies and his concentration to be fully focused on earning his living, or he gives up studying forever because of being unable to pay his school fees.

Bad companions and friends, also, participate greatly in the failure of the continuation of studies. Because, in this stage, it is easy to attract a child toward vices and bad habits, directing him towards loitering, vagrancy and playing in vain instead of thinking, seriously, to his respected future.

In addition, the culture of the parents and their appreciation of the future of their children, and their good relationship with them or bad habits and negligence toward them,has a great role in the failure or prosperity of their studies and life. All these show the importance of having good relationships with the youth and younger generations, because it helps them a lot in the success of their school life.

It is worth mentioning that Islam considers the seeking of knowledge compulsory for all Muslims on two levels; i.e.,Ainii andKifa'i .?????? It considers knowledge with its diverse branches, as a way to human perfection, faith in the Divine messages, knowing Allah, practicing good conduct, community's growth and life organization. This is clearly seen in thesayings of Allah, the Most High: "...Those truly fear Allah, among His servants, who have knowledge..." Holy Qur'an (The Originator 35:28)

And also says, "...Allah will raise up to (suitable) ranks (and degrees) those of you who believe and who have been granted (mystic) knowledge.." Holy Qur'an (The Woman WhoPleads 58:11) And also says: "Read and your Lord is MostHonourable . Who taught (to write) with the pen, taught man what he knew not." Holy Qur'an (The Clot 96:3-5)

Making a connection between ignorance and moral deterioration, the Almighty, Allah, says: "What! Do you indeed approach men lustfully rather than women? Nay, you are a people who act ignorantly." Holy Qur'an (The Ants 27:55)

And the Most High said: "...And if you turn not away their snare from me, I will yearn towards them and become (one) of the ignorant." Holy Qur'an (Joseph 12:33)

"...and man has turned unfaithful to it; surely he is unjust, ignorant." Holy Qur'an (The Allies 33:72)

"...surely I admonish you lest you may be of the ignorant." Holy Qur'an (Hud 11:46)

"...but I see you are a people who are ignorant." Holy Qur'an (The WindingSandtracts 46:23)

The Holy Qur'an founded the Islamic Message on the principles and basis of knowledge and education, and called for the establishment of faith on the basis of knowledge, evidence and proof. In view of this, the Holy Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w .) continued the call for seeking knowledge and motivated people towards it, and, in addition,he (s.a.w .), himself , propagated knowledge and education. Thus, after the battle ofBadr , the Holy Prophet (s.a.w .) demanded that each of theQuraish's prisoners of war should teach ten of the Muslims to read as a ransom from captivity, so as to show that being free from captivity is equal to being free from ignorance. At various times, we read in the Prophetic traditions, commandments andguidances , motivations and stimulations toward seeking knowledge, like in his (s.a.w .) saying: "Seeking knowledge is compulsory upon every Muslim."(8)

And: "The angels spread their wings to a seeker of knowledge."(9)

And: "Whoever prepares a way for seeking knowledge, Allah will prepare a way to Paradise for him." All thesehadiths , and the like, show us the importance, in Islam, of knowledge and seeking it. And also it makes clear, to us, the interest and concern Islam has toward biologicalknowledges , like pharmacology, engineering, physics, agriculture and chemistry, as well as,differnt professions and works, if we understand that IslamicShari'a regards thoseknowledges and professions as compulsory duties, i.e., it is compulsory to obtain it as much as permissible. Thus, we understand the importance of knowledge and Islam's aim in seeking knowledge.

Both the government and the individual should take the responsibility to execute this duty by preparing some people with knowledge, and teaching them different professions, so that the community will be acquainted with thoseknowledges and professions.

Islam puts great emphasis on the parents with regard to teaching their children, being merciful to them and, also, solving their problems. It is obvious that the family has a great role in providing a suitable atmosphere for their children's education, and encouraging them to seek knowledge, and preventing them from having relations with bad friends who disturb their studies. Likewise, the parents, by cooperating with the schools, can solve their children's problems.

In view of this, what we ought to give special attention to is directing the students toward the rules and principles ofstuding , showing them the importance of knowledge, encouraging them to continue their studies to the higher levels, and giving them advice and guidance which will prevent them from abandoning their studies and their professions. Likewise, the government should participate, greatly, and give a helping hand in education and solving the economic problems of the students which force them to leave their studies.

However, a young man should think, seriously, about his future and that the continuation of his studies and learning other works and having a profession are basic issues in his life, therefore, it is compulsory upon him to put forth more effort on his part and take a lesson from the life of those people who have lost their future, so that he will not become a victim like they.

d. The Media and Its Affect on the Conduct of the Youths

In our present world, the means of communication and conveying thoughts and information, has developed rapidly, seeming to travel at the speed of light and sound, and reaches every angle of the world within a few seconds. There are a great number of institutions, equipment and special devices for mass enlightenment, establishing general opinions and individual resolutions.

In addition, the means of communication and information, like television, radio, internal waves, computers, newspapers, books, magazines...have become the dominant power upon the thoughts and a means of establishing a pattern for conduct. Therefore, the media contributes in the establishment of political thoughts, as well as, individual positions and thoughts, and it contributes immensely, especially the pictorial type, like, television, cinema, Video, and pornographic magazines, in affecting the general thought and conduct of the people.

The youths - especially at the puberty stage - are active and ready, more than other people, to copy other personalities, and are influenced by the people who appear on the screen of television or cinema.

They are influenced by other people who play a vital role in the political, social and revolutionary arena, as well as, great historical heroes. This is because a youth - whether male or female - is in the stage of building his or her personality. Therefore, he or she needs someone to copy. Since instinct and desires, especially the sexual instinct, are at their highest peak and putting pressure on the youths, so they are looking for a solution to it, therefore, the media have contributed, immensely, in stirring and arousing the sexual instinct by means of pornographic and seductive films, pictures, stories, as well as, cultures, like the use of guerilla warfare tactics and aggression in films which contribute, a lot, in deviating the youths and teaching them criminal acts. In view of this, some governments are prohibiting the showing of pornographic and guerilla warfare films, often prohibiting the youth from attending the theaters where these films are shown.

The result of the statistics on viewing videos conducted by Dr. AlexanderAldila in Lebanon shows that: "The viewing of social and emotional films wins the first position while detective films win the second position..."(10)

Another report states that: The studies conducted in the U.S on 110 people in a corrections institute show that 49% of them got the desire of carrying weapons from watching the cinema and 12-21 % of them found the audacity to steal and kill police from the same source. While the studies conducted on 252 deviated young girls, between the ages of 14-18, shows that 25% of them had sexual relationships as a result of watchingpornoqraphic films in the cinema and 41 % of them were led to glamorous ceremonies, night theaters and 54% of them cut school in order to watch films, while 17% of them left their homes as a result of the conflict between them and their family on going to the cinema.

A W.H.O report and, also, a French Judge, about the factors of deviation, say: "I don't have any doubt that some films, especially detective films, play a great, harmful role in most of the cases."

A questionnaire and cross examination on 1344 personalities conducted in Britain on the relationship between the cinema and corruption of children under 16, found that 600 of them answered that there is a relationship between the cinema and children's deviation. Other studies also show that most of the stealing and robbing, which happens in the West, has an effect from the cinema.( 11) At last, it can be concluded that watching emotional films, pornographic and detective films is corrupting people, and furthermore, as scientific studiescomfirm , the youth at this stage, can be influenced by all this, because he is on the verge of his growth. From all these statistics, we can deduce that the work of the mass media in the formation of emotions and conduct involving instinct, as well as, copying the role of the heroes, is important.

e. Political Power and Authority

With the advancement of social living and civilization and its complications, the role of government and its importance in the life of an individual and community becomes high, and the interference of government in vital and necessary issues, becomes apparent, as well as, in social, intellectual, educational, economical, cultural and informative matters.

In addition, it is upon the government to undertake the responsibility of education and its organization, supervise the ministry of information and direct other ministries according to its general politics and aims, and enact rules and regulations governing its citizens, therefore, thegoverment plays a vital role in the formation of individual conduct and culture, positively or negatively.

Thus, the Islamic message considers the formation of an Islamic government as an obligatory matter, and defines Islamic government as: "A government established on the basis of Islam and its principles", and tries to make the government an instrument of execution,indvidual and community building and governing the community on the basis of IslamicShari'a . In view of this, the Islamic scholars term the existence of an Imam (a leader) as a mercy, i.e., he can encourage people toward obedience and submission (to Allah's Commands) and discourages them from sin and disobediences, because he is the one who coordinates life's construction and leads it on the basis of Islamic values and principles through his government.

The government contributes in the formation of an individual's conduct, and the political powers and parties also contribute in the formation of an individual's conduct, especially the youths, because they are more emotional and easy to be affiliated with a particular political group or movement and accept its thoughts and manifestations, whether it carries luminous ideas based on Islamic principles and its original values or being deviated parties, ideas and thoughts. Thus, it is the parents' duty to direct their children toward the right direction, and guard them against affiliating with deviated parties or groups.

f. The Culture and Beliefs of the Youths

"It is He Who brought you forth from the wombs of your mothers when you knew nothing and He gave you hearing and sight and the hearts; that you may give thanks (to Allah)."Holy Qur'an (The Bee 16:78) "Read! and your Lord is MostHonourable , Who taught (to write) with the pen, Taught man that which he knew not. Nay!man is most surely inordinate, because he sees himself free from want." Holy Qur'an (The Clot 96:4-7)

"...those truly fear Allah, among His servants, who have knowledge..." Holy Qur'an (The Originator 35:28)

These holy verses, among others, show the importance of knowledge and education, and the relationship between knowledge and conduct. For instance, thanksgiving and fear, i.e., submission and obedience to the laws and morals, before it transforms into reality, passes certain stages starting from imagination, which is the first step of an action, then, it inclines to this imagination, then, after being satisfied with it, chooses it and transforms it into action.

This is how imagination transforms into action through intellectual and psychological processes. It is clear that the belief and culture of a person contributes in creating the ideas and imaginations governing his stance and actions, as well as, depending on it.

The studies and researches conducted, in this field, show that the culture, ideas and beliefs of a person contribute immensely to his conduct, the statistics confirm that the aggression and deviation in the ignorant people, or who lack civilization and knowledge or who do not believe in Allah or theJudgement Day and the Hereafter, is related to their ignorance and unconsciousness.

Therefore, knowledge and cultural adaptation which a person bears, participate in guarding him against failure and practicing crimes and aggression, as it, also, participates, immensely, in the belief in Allah and the Hereafter, good conduct and morals. Thus, a person who is wise and conscious, socially and knowledgeably, about the actions that tempt him, and understands their bad consequences, both in this world and the Hereafter, will refrain from performing these acts due to the knowledge he has.

And a knowledgeable and civilizedperson who is conscious of his knowledge, respects his personality, because he knows the essence of his being in the society and evaluates his responsibilities before the Lord of the worlds Who bestowed on him knowledge and consciousness. Therefore, he refrains from committing crimes, sins and other immoral actions.

However, the more knowledge, piety, chasteness and self-respect in a person increases due to his civilization, social consciousness and his belief in Allah, the more his social dignity, respect for the laws that protect his interest, as well as, the interests of the community will increase. This will also help him in shunning the acts which downgrade his personality, put him under the divine and world by punishments, social contempt and general hatred.Whereas, an ignorant and uncultured person who does not know the essence of his carelessness to commit any kind of atrocity and crime will downgrade his own personality.

It is reported, in one of the traditions of the Holy Imams ofAhlul -Bait (a.s .) about the importance of respecting man's personality, and knowing the essence of his existence and consciousness about the consequences of his actions, thus: "Do not feel secure from the evil of a person who outrages his self."(12) Anotherhadith says: "An ignorant companion is an inconvenience."(13)

And it has come in anotherhadith ; an explanation of the difficulty of guiding an ignorant man after he has become deviated and changing his accustomed conduct, which shows the danger of ignorance and its effect on deviation and committing crimes. In ahadith , ImamJa'far al-Sadiq (a.s .) says: "Teaching an ignorant (person) and changing his accustomed conduct appears to be a miracle."(14) Certainly the researches, field statistics and scientific analyses reveal that self sincerity and conduct require three basic elements, they are: 1. Knowledge and awareness on the conduct and actions which a person will present, thus, a person who knows the harm of beer, drugs, smoking, gambling and recklessness, and the danger of fornication and adultery, will not go close to them talking of committing them. But, as for a person who is controlled by instinct and ignorance, will become the victim of thosedestuctive actions, destroying his wealth, health and dignity in them. Therefore, it is obligatory to enlighten the youths, and educate them on the incidents, statistics and experiences which victimized others (men and women), so that they can be of those who are alert and refrain from committing those acts.

And for strengthening the conduct of a person, there is a need to spread knowledge, awareness, and civilization and control ignorance and illiteracy. The school and cultural curriculum, or system for the people, should be a system which concerns itself with man's guidance against deviated, criminal acts.

Because knowledge gives man awareness on what is going on and understanding it in a true, scientific way, thus, he can have correct relations with it, far from deviation and ignorance. Likewise, it gives his self awareness and understanding of the essence of his existence andpersonality, therefore, he can have good relations with his person and guard his dignity and security. It gives him understanding of the actions and processes which stir in his self and direct him toward his actions, so as to study it and act consciously toward it in order to turn down those which direct him to evil and viciousness and to follow those that guide him to virtue.

Also, knowledge gives man the ability to understand the usefulness and harmfulness of an action which returns to him or his community. He responds to the useful and good ones and rejects the evil and vicious ones. It gives him anablity to understand his past, present and future and protects him against falling into danger, mistakes and wasting good opportunities, as it gives him the understanding of reality and his surroundings and he knows how to deal with it and guard himself against problems...this is how knowledge becomes man's protector and director in life.

2. Beliefs: Beliefs, ideas and civilization of a person forms a basic stimulant upon performing a particular action or refraining from it. Thus, malicious ideas and thoughts, likemarxism and capitalism, which call for unbridled freedom and the malicious ideas of psychologists and other ideas which were formed on a material basis deprived of morals and belief in Allah inflict a lot of damages on the community. Surely, the only pure and real ideology for the human generation is Islam, which has arranged human conduct on the basis of belief, because it prohibits everything which afflicts harmful results on the wellbeing of man, as well as, community interests.

In addition, Islam prohibits fornication, homosexuality, beer, gambling, drugs, slaughter, rape and violation of women, a stage that has reached untold proportions of selling millions of young girls for sexual purposes in Western countries. Therefore, the youth who believe in Allah and the Day ofRessurection , protect themselves against those actions which result in loss of health, wealth and dignity and often end with imprisonment and death, and the downgrading of the personality.

Furthermore, the researches and statistics conducted by some institutions confirmed that the percentage of crime, deviation and social problems and vices in Europe, America, Russia, Japan and other countries of the world, is increasing upon all the educational, scientific and economicaldevelpments enjoyed there. This is because the knowledge, awareness and social welfare (in those countries)does not safeguard man from crime, deviation and negativism.

Man can understand the evil and danger of lying, forgery, fornication, drugs, smoking, extravagance, oppression,manslaugther , stealing, raping, pride...etc., but he is practicing it, because the knowledge which is deprived him of the belief in Allah and the Hereafter will not protect against those crimes...in view of this, the holy Qur'an joins knowledge with belief, and says: "...Allah will raise up to (suitable) ranks (and degrees) those of you who believe and who have been granted (mystic) knowledge.." Holy Qur'an (The Woman Who Pleads 58:11) Therefore man's progress and priority will not be achieved unless through interaction between knowledge and belief.

3. Willingness: Will is the ability to perform an act or refrain from it. In short, it is that stance which shows a human's essence, and willingness is the basis ofsharia's responsibility of doing an act. Thus, a man who has the power of will is able to access the self stances and desires, and face the problems and events... forthis, his conduct will be well founded. The secret of personal power, basically, is will power, as will power is one of the effective ways of man's success, achieving his goals and the security of his future...thus, with the power of will, man can fight against fornication, forbidden wealth and those who want to direct him to evil work. And, likewise, with the power of will, man drinks alcohol, smokes, takes drugs, etc., hence, educating the power of will is Islam's interest and aims at it morally and through education.

Therefore, the youths need to respect their self will, so as to enter the world of life with full dignity founded on good conduct and behavior. Before taking any resolution, he has to weigh the consequences, and think, seriously, about what he wants to do, especially because he is on a dangerous stage. And the most important factors for strengthening the will are: belief in AllahTa'ala , patience, worshipping like Fasting, prayers and jihad, teaching the self to stand against prohibited things, practicing and preserving the obligatory acts, self satisfaction, struggling to achieve good acts and aims and expelling indecision and anxious ideas.