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The Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence

The Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence

Author:
Publisher: www.alhassanain.org/english
English

This book is corrected and edited by Al-Hassanain (p) Institue for Islamic Heritage and Thought

The History of the Ahlul-Bayt (a) Jurisprudential

The Three Stages of the Ahlul-Bayt (a) jurisprudence Sect

An important point about the history of the Ahlul-Bayt (a) jurisprudential sect is that it is divided into different stages. Each stage will be described. An important point about the history of the Ahlul-Bayt (a) jurisprudential sect is that it is divided into different stages. Each stage will be described.

The First Stage

This was the stage of the narration of traditions from the Imāms (a). This stage starts from the early days of Islam and ends at the Lesser Occultation in 260 A.H.

Jurisprudence, in this stage, was narrating traditions. Companions would hear a tradition from one of the infallibles (a) and spread it to their communities without organizing them into different subjects.

The first text that was written, other than what the Commander of the Faithful (a) wrote, was written by Abī Rāfi‛, a companion of the prophet (s) and Imām ‛Alī (a). He wrote a book called Kitāb al-Sunan wa al-Ahkām wa al-Qadāyā.

His son, ‛Alī bin Abī Rāfi‛, the Commander of the Faithful's (a) scribe, wrote a book using the different sections of jurisprudence, for example wūdū and salat.

Jurisprudential texts increased during the imamate of Imām Bāqir and Sādiq (a) due to the weakness of the Umayyad dynasty during its last days and power being shifted to the Abbasid dynasty.

Jurisprudential texts continued to grow, so much so that during the time of Hurr al-‛Āmilī there were 6600 texts. 400 of these texts became famous and were called the 400 principles. The four great books of the Shia written by the three great scholars1 were compiled from these books.

The city of Medina was the center of Islamic studies for the Ahlul-Bayt (a) during this period until Imām Sādiq (a) moved to Kufa and the second center of Islamic studies was formed.

Al-Hassan bin ‛Alī al-Washā' said: “I witnessed 900 scholars who all said that they heard so and so from Ja‛far bin Muhammad (a) in this mosque (Masjid al-Kūfa).”2

The Imām had great companions in Kūfa, such as Abān bin Taghlib who related 30,000 traditions and Muhammad bin Muslim who related 40,000.

When we say that jurisprudence in this stage was just compiling and spreading traditions rather than organizing them into different sections, we do not mean that this includes the big scholars of the time. Each one of them was an authority in themselves, like Muhammad bin Muslim, Zarārah ibn A‛yan and Abī Basīr. Imām Sādiq (a) said: “Burīd bin Mu‛āwīyah al-‛Ajalī, Abī Basīr Layth al-Bakhtarī al-Murādī, Muhammad bin Muslim and Zarārah will be given the glad tidings of Heaven. They believe in Allah about the obligatory actions and forbidden ones. The line of prophethood would have discontinued if it were not for them.”3

The Imām considered them mujtahids who had the capability of deriving verdicts from the Qurān and prophetic traditions. Sometimes he (a) would order them practice it, for example he (a) said: “It is upon us to tell you the principles and it is upon you to branch them out.”4 He (a) also told people to refer to some of his companions in religious rulings, like Yūnis bin ‛Abd al-Rahmān. Someone asked the Imām: “It is not possible for me to come to you and ask everything that I need about religious sciences. Is Yūnis bin ‛Abd al-Rahmān trustworthy; can I take whatever I need from him?”

The Imām answered: “Yes.”5

He (a) also ordered some of his companions to give religious verdicts, such as Abān bin Taghlib. The Imām (a) told him: “Sit in Medina's mosque and give religious verdicts to the people. Verily I love to see my Shia to be like you.”6

The Second Stage

This stage started at the Minor Occultation in 260 A.H., and lasted until the days of Shaykh Tūsī who lived between 385 A.H. and 460 A.H.

In this stage the Ahlul-Bayt (a) jurisprudential sect transformed from merely relating traditions without organizing them into different sections into writing jurisprudential books without adding anything to the traditions or changing their terminology. This is clear in the book Sharāyi‛ which was written by ‛Alī bin Bābūway for his son Muhammad. It is said that when someone needed a tradition they would find it in this book.

Other similar books are al-Maqna‛ and al-Hidāyah by Shaykh al-Sadūq, Muhammad bin ‛Alī bin Bābūway and al-Nihāyah by Shaykh al-Tūsī.

We are not saying that there weren’t scholars who were spreading traditions, but we are saying that now the traditions are organized into different subjects similar to the practice today. This is clearly seen in the books al-Kāfī by Shaykh al-Kulaynī and Man Lā Yaduruhu al-Faqīh by Shaykh al-Sadūq.

This is what generally took place in this stage. This does not mean that there weren't any scholars who added to the traditions by using intellectual deductions, as seen in the works of al-‛Ummānī and al-Iskāfī.

If one wants to explain more he can say that this stage had three major schools:

1. The school of Qum and al-Ray: This school used traditions but did not use intellectual deductions. Some of the scholars of this school are the two Sadūqs. This was a strong school and was relied upon by many scholars.

2. The school of al-‛Ummānī and al-Iskāfī: This school preferred using intellectual deduction to such an extent that they accepted syllogism and voting. Al-‛Ummānī’s full name was al-Hassan bin ‛Alī bin Abī ‛Aqīl. It is said that he is the first person to apply his ijtihād to actions, while mentioning the different sections of jurisprudence and mentioning the reasons behind the verdicts. He wrote the famous book: al-Mustamsik bi-habl Āl al-Rasūl. Unfortunately this book is not in existence today. Al-Iskāfī is Muhamamd bin Ahmad bin al-Junayd who lived after Abī ‛Aqīl. He wrote jurisprudential books, for example Tahthīb al-Shī‛ah li-ahkām al-Sharī‛ah and al-Ahmadī fī al-Fiqh al-Muhammadī. Similarly, these two books do not exist anymore.

3. The school of Baghdād: This is also called the school of Shaykh al-Mufīd. This school tried to find a common ground between the schools of traditions and intellectual deductions. The reason behind this might be Shaykh al-Mufīd, who was a student of Ibn al-Junayd and Ja‛far bin Muhammad bin Qūlūway who was from Qum and a member of the Qum school of thought. Shaykh al-Mufīd wrote many books, such as al-Maqna‛ah which was commented upon by Shaykh al-Tūsī in his book Tahthīb al-Ahkām.

The Third Stage

This stage started at the era of Shaykh al-Tūsī and is the prevalent one today. In this stage the jurisprudential books changed from imitating the traditions in form and language to writing with different terminology and mentioning different situations that did not occur at the time of the revelation of the Quran. All of this occurred with accepting intellectual deduction perfected by traditions and the acceptance of intellectual principles. The book al-Mabsūt by Shaykh al-Tūsī serves to ascertain the conclusion that we already reached about this stage.

Other important advancements that have been made during this stage:

1. The sections of jurisprudence have become more specialized.

2. More subjects were introduced in accordance with needs of the time.

3. Intellectual deductions have been made stronger and their proofs have become clearer.

4. The relationship between jurisprudential rulings and jurisprudential principles become clearer.

5. Putting more effort into investigating the chains of narration.

6. Disregarding some of the ancient texts which do not have relevance to the needs of today's world and writing books with today's world's needs.

Sources of Religious Verdicts

1. The Book

What is meant by the book is the Qurān which was sent down by Allah to Prophet Muhammad (s).

Our belief is that the Qurān that is in our hands today, its meaning and words has not been altered in any possible way.

    وَمَا كَانَ هَـذَا الْقُرْآنُ أَن يُفْتَرَى مِن دُونِ اللّهِ وَلَـكِن تَصْدِيقَ الَّذِي بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَتَفْصِيلَ الْكِتَابِ لاَ رَيْبَ فِيهِ مِن رَّبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ

“This Qur'an is not such as can be produced by other than Allah; on the contrary it is a confirmation of (revelations) that came before it, and a fuller explanation of the Book- wherein there is no doubt - from the Lord of the worlds.”7

It is a holy book and all of the Muslims agree that it was divinely inspired and that its content is entirely correct. It is the primary resource of Islam and it is an eternal authority and reference for mankind until the Day of Judgment. It says that Allah's religion is Islam and that the Muslims must always follow the Qurān. It is also a universal legislative reference for all of mankind.

The Authority of the Book

It is unanimous amongst Muslims that the Qurān is an authority for Muslims. The proof behind this is twofold:

1. Certainty that it was sent to the Prophet (s): This was established by multiple and successive accounts passed down by Muslims from one generation to the next.

2. The Qurān being sent by Allah: The miraculous nature of the Qurān in regards to both the language and the content is a proof of its composer. Moreover, no one could produce anything like the Qurān or even a single verse, in spite of the challenge posed in the Qurān. Allah says:

    تَنزِيلُ الْكِتَابِ لَا رَيْبَ فِيهِ مِن رَّبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ

“(This is) the Revelation of the Book in which there is no doubt, from the Lord of the Worlds.”8

Jurisprudential Verses in Quran

There are around 500 verses in the Qurān that deal with religious rulings. These verses are a part of the sources for obtaining religious verdicts and are called: ayyāt al-ahkām.

2. Traditions (Sunnah)

The Arabic term sunnah literally means a way of acting, but figuratively it means: the words, actions and affirmations of one of the ma’sumeen Infallibles. In order to understand this definition completely we must understand a few terms:

• Infallible: anyone who's infallibility is established. The Infallibles are the Prophet (s) and the twelve Imāms from the Ahl al-Bayt (a).

• The sayings of an infallible: Whatever the infallible says that has anything to do with religious rules.

• The actions of an infallible: Whatever action an infallible takes.

• The affirmations of an infallible: The occurrences that happen in the presence of an infallible to which the infallible does not oppose.

The Authority of Traditions

Muslims agree unanimously that the words, actions and affirmations of the Prophet (s) are considered an authority for all Muslims. Allah says:

    وَمَا آتَاكُمُ الرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ فَانتَهُوا

“So take what the Messenger assigns to you, and deny yourselves that which he withholds from you.”9

The words, actions and affirmations of the Imāms of the Ahl al-Bayt (a) are only considered an authority only if their infallibility and their place in the line of successors to the Prophet is proved. There are numerous proofs of their infallibility in key resource books about Imāmate and theology. Please refer to them.

3. Consensus

The Arabic term for consensus is ijmā‛ which literally means unanimity.

Shiites view consensus as a tool to unearth an Infallible's verdict. Unlike the other jurisprudential sects, Shiites do not regard consensus as an independent proof as it is the case with the Qurān, the traditions and logic.

Whenever a consensus shows us what the Infallible's verdict is, it has authority. Otherwise, it does not have authority.

The question arises: Why do the Shia include consensus as one of the sources of religious verdicts when it is not considered an independent proof?

Shaykh al-Ansārī answered this question in the following way: Consensus being a source for religious verdicts is a not an accurate statement. True Consensus is a tool to establish the truth, and in this case, both the means and the truth are considered a proof.

How does Consensus help determine the verdict of an infallible?

There is no single answer. Attempts to find an answer to this question started at the time of Shaykh al-Tūsī and continue to this day. The answers fall under two categories:

1. Internal consensus: A consensus of mujtahids who lived in a period of time in which one of the Infallible was present. He was part of the consensus but nobody knew him personally. Therefore, this kind of a consensus is an authority. How do we know that the infallible was amongst them? This answer to that is to be found in the books of the principles of jurisprudence.

2. Linguistic consensus: This consensus informs us, in an intellectual way, that the infallible agreed with the ruling but was not part of the consensus. His duty is to prevent all of the scholars from making an incorrect consensus. More answers are found in the books of the principles of jurisprudence.

4. Intellect

What is meant by the intellect here is anything that man's intellect can understand and a religious ruling can be derived from.10

An example is when Allah makes obligatory an action through a Quranic verse or reliable tradition, but one must perform another action to be able to perform this obligatory action and there is not any verse or tradition about this action. Man's intellect understands the relationship between an obligatory action and its precepts becoming obligatory. This leads to certainty about the action being obligatory.

An example of this is that Allah made the pilgrimage obligatory on anyone who has financial ability. This is found in both the Qurān and traditions. But, Allah did not mention that the travel from one's hometown to Mecca is obligatory, even though it is a necessary precept to performing the pilgrimage.

Man's intellect understands the relationship between performing the pilgrimage and having to travel. It is possible to say that the travel becomes obligatory by the mukallaf having certainty, like some have said. having certainty, like some have said.

The Authority of Intellect

It is self-evident that intellect itself is an authority; it does not need a proof. The reason for this is that intellect is a foundational proof for Islamic beliefs.

When Intellect is viewed as a fundamental proof for Islamic beliefs it becomes easy to reach the conclusion that it is an authority for religious rulings as well. The reason for this is that beliefs are more important than rules; they are the roots of religion.

Notes

1. Muhammad bin Ya‛qūb al-Kulaynī - al-Kāfī, Muhammad bin ‛Alī bin al-Hussayn al-Sadūq - Man Lā yahduruhu al-Faqīh, Muhammad bin al-Hassan al-Tūsī - al-Tahdhīb and al-Istibsār.

2. Al-Najāshī, Rijāl al-Najāshī, under al-Washā’

3. Shaykh al-Tūsī, Rijāl al-Kashī, under Abī Basīr Layth al-Murādī

4. Al-Hurr al-‛Āmilī, Wasā’il al-Shī‛ah, the 6th chapter of the qualities of a judge, tradition 51

5. Al-Hurr al-‛Āmulī, Wasā’il al-Shī‛ah, the 11th chapter of the qualities of a judge, tradition 33

6. Al-Najāshī, Rijāl al-Najāshī, under Abān

7. Yūnus: 37

8. Sajdah: 2

9. Hashr: 7

10. Muhammad Bāqir al-Sadr, Halaqah 2, al-Dalīl al-‛Aqlī

سورة الواقعة (Al-Waqi'a)

Sura 56

Aya 1 to 96

بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ

[Shakir] In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful.

[Pickthal] In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful.

[Yusufali] In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.

إِذَا وَقَعَتِ الْوَاقِعَةُ {1}

[Shakir 56:1] When the great event comes to pass,

[Pickthal 56:1] When the event befalleth -

[Yusufali 56:1] When the Event inevitable cometh to pass,

لَيْسَ لِوَقْعَتِهَا كَاذِبَةٌ {2}

[Shakir 56:2] There is no belying its coming to pass--

[Pickthal 56:2] There is no denying that it will befall -

[Yusufali 56:2] Then will no (soul) entertain falsehood concerning its coming.

خَافِضَةٌ رَافِعَةٌ {3}

[Shakir 56:3] Abasing (one party), exalting (the other),

[Pickthal 56:3] Abasing (some), exalting (others);

[Yusufali 56:3] (Many) will it bring low; (many) will it exalt;

إِذَا رُجَّتِ الْأَرْضُ رَجًّا {4}

[Shakir 56:4] When the earth shall be shaken with a (severe) shaking,

[Pickthal 56:4] When the earth is shaken with a shock

[Yusufali 56:4] When the earth shall be shaken to its depths,

وَبُسَّتِ الْجِبَالُ بَسًّا {5}

[Shakir 56:5] And the mountains shall be made to crumble with (an awful) crumbling,

[Pickthal 56:5] And the hills are ground to powder

[Yusufali 56:5] And the mountains shall be crumbled to atoms,

فَكَانَتْ هَبَاءً مُنْبَثًّا {6}

[Shakir 56:6] So that they shall be as scattered dust.

[Pickthal 56:6] So that they become a scattered dust,

[Yusufali 56:6] Becoming dust scattered abroad,

وَكُنْتُمْ أَزْوَاجًا ثَلَاثَةً {7}

[Shakir 56:7] And you shall be three sorts.

[Pickthal 56:7] And ye will be three kinds:

[Yusufali 56:7] And ye shall be sorted out into three classes.

فَأَصْحَابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ مَا أَصْحَابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ {8}

[Shakir 56:8] Then (as to) the companions of the right hand; how happy are the companions of the right hand!

[Pickthal 56:8] (First) those on the right hand; what of those on the right hand?

[Yusufali 56:8] Then (there will be) the Companions of the Right Hand;- What will be the Companions of the Right Hand?

وَأَصْحَابُ الْمَشْأَمَةِ مَا أَصْحَابُ الْمَشْأَمَةِ {9}

[Shakir 56:9] And (as to) the companions of the left hand; how wretched are the companions of the left hand!

[Pickthal 56:9] And (then) those on the left hand; what of those on the left hand?

[Yusufali 56:9] And the Companions of the Left Hand,- what will be the Companions of the Left Hand?

وَالسَّابِقُونَ السَّابِقُونَ {10}

[Shakir 56:10] And the foremost are the foremost,

[Pickthal 56:10] And the foremost in the race, the foremost in the race:

[Yusufali 56:10] And those Foremost (in Faith) will be Foremost (in the Hereafter).

أُولَٰئِكَ الْمُقَرَّبُونَ {11}

[Shakir 56:11] These are they who are drawn nigh (to Allah),

[Pickthal 56:11] Those are they who will be brought nigh

[Yusufali 56:11] These will be those Nearest to Allah:

فِي جَنَّاتِ النَّعِيمِ {12}

[Shakir 56:12] In the gardens of bliss.

[Pickthal 56:12] In gardens of delight;

[Yusufali 56:12] In Gardens of Bliss:

ثُلَّةٌ مِنَ الْأَوَّلِينَ {13}

[Shakir 56:13] A numerous company from among the first,

[Pickthal 56:13] A multitude of those of old

[Yusufali 56:13] A number of people from those of old,

وَقَلِيلٌ مِنَ الْآخِرِينَ {14}

[Shakir 56:14] And a few from among the latter.

[Pickthal 56:14] And a few of those of later time.

[Yusufali 56:14] And a few from those of later times.

عَلَىٰ سُرُرٍ مَوْضُونَةٍ {15}

[Shakir 56:15] On thrones decorated,

[Pickthal 56:15] On lined couches,

[Yusufali 56:15] (They will be) on Thrones encrusted (with gold and precious stones),

مُتَّكِئِينَ عَلَيْهَا مُتَقَابِلِينَ {16}

[Shakir 56:16] Reclining on them, facing one another.

[Pickthal 56:16] Reclining therein face to face.

[Yusufali 56:16] Reclining on them, facing each other.

يَطُوفُ عَلَيْهِمْ وِلْدَانٌ مُخَلَّدُونَ {17}

[Shakir 56:17] Round about them shall go youths never altering in age,

[Pickthal 56:17] There wait on them immortal youths

[Yusufali 56:17] Round about them will (serve) youths of perpetual (freshness),

بِأَكْوَابٍ وَأَبَارِيقَ وَكَأْسٍ مِنْ مَعِينٍ {18}

[Shakir 56:18] With goblets and ewers and a cup of pure drink;

[Pickthal 56:18] With bowls and ewers and a cup from a pure spring

[Yusufali 56:18] With goblets, (shining) beakers, and cups (filled) out of clear-flowing fountains:

لَا يُصَدَّعُونَ عَنْهَا وَلَا يُنْزِفُونَ {19}

[Shakir 56:19] They shall not be affected with headache thereby, nor shall they get exhausted,

[Pickthal 56:19] Wherefrom they get no aching of the head nor any madness,

[Yusufali 56:19] No after-ache will they receive therefrom, nor will they suffer intoxication:

وَفَاكِهَةٍ مِمَّا يَتَخَيَّرُونَ {20}

[Shakir 56:20] And fruits such as they choose,

[Pickthal 56:20] And fruit that they prefer

[Yusufali 56:20] And with fruits, any that they may select:

وَلَحْمِ طَيْرٍ مِمَّا يَشْتَهُونَ {21}

[Shakir 56:21] And the flesh of fowl such as they desire.

[Pickthal 56:21] And flesh of fowls that they desire.

[Yusufali 56:21] And the flesh of fowls, any that they may desire.

وَحُورٌ عِينٌ {22}

[Shakir 56:22] And pure, beautiful ones,

[Pickthal 56:22] And (there are) fair ones with wide, lovely eyes,

[Yusufali 56:22] And (there will be) Companions with beautiful, big, and lustrous eyes,-

كَأَمْثَالِ اللُّؤْلُؤِ الْمَكْنُونِ {23}

[Shakir 56:23] The like of the hidden pearls:

[Pickthal 56:23] Like unto hidden pearls,

[Yusufali 56:23] Like unto Pearls well-guarded.

جَزَاءً بِمَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ {24}

[Shakir 56:24] A reward for what they used to do.

[Pickthal 56:24] Reward for what they used to do.

[Yusufali 56:24] A Reward for the deeds of their past (life).

لَا يَسْمَعُونَ فِيهَا لَغْوًا وَلَا تَأْثِيمًا {25}

[Shakir 56:25] They shall not hear therein vain or sinful discourse,

[Pickthal 56:25] There hear they no vain speaking nor recrimination

[Yusufali 56:25] Not frivolity will they hear therein, nor any taint of ill,-

إِلَّا قِيلًا سَلَامًا سَلَامًا {26}

[Shakir 56:26] Except the word peace, peace.

[Pickthal 56:26] (Naught) but the saying: Peace, (and again) Peace.

[Yusufali 56:26] Only the saying, "Peace! Peace".

وَأَصْحَابُ الْيَمِينِ مَا أَصْحَابُ الْيَمِينِ {27}

[Shakir 56:27] And the companions of the right hand; how happy are the companions of the right hand!

[Pickthal 56:27] And those on the right hand; what of those on the right hand?

[Yusufali 56:27] The Companions of the Right Hand,- what will be the Companions of the Right Hand?

فِي سِدْرٍ مَخْضُودٍ {28}

[Shakir 56:28] Amid thornless lote-trees,

[Pickthal 56:28] Among thornless lote-trees

[Yusufali 56:28] (They will be) among Lote-trees without thorns,

وَطَلْحٍ مَنْضُودٍ {29}

[Shakir 56:29] And banana-trees (with fruits), one above another.

[Pickthal 56:29] And clustered plantains,

[Yusufali 56:29] Among Talh trees with flowers (or fruits) piled one above another,-

وَظِلٍّ مَمْدُودٍ {30}

[Shakir 56:30] And extended shade,

[Pickthal 56:30] And spreading shade,

[Yusufali 56:30] In shade long-extended,

وَمَاءٍ مَسْكُوبٍ {31}

[Shakir 56:31] And water flowing constantly,

[Pickthal 56:31] And water gushing,

[Yusufali 56:31] By water flowing constantly,

وَفَاكِهَةٍ كَثِيرَةٍ {32}

[Shakir 56:32] And abundant fruit,

[Pickthal 56:32] And fruit in plenty

[Yusufali 56:32] And fruit in abundance.

لَا مَقْطُوعَةٍ وَلَا مَمْنُوعَةٍ {33}

[Shakir 56:33] Neither intercepted nor forbidden,

[Pickthal 56:33] Neither out of reach nor yet forbidden,

[Yusufali 56:33] Whose season is not limited, nor (supply) forbidden,

وَفُرُشٍ مَرْفُوعَةٍ {34}

[Shakir 56:34] And exalted thrones.

[Pickthal 56:34] And raised couches;

[Yusufali 56:34] And on Thrones (of Dignity), raised high.

إِنَّا أَنْشَأْنَاهُنَّ إِنْشَاءً {35}

[Shakir 56:35] Surely We have made them to grow into a (new) growth,

[Pickthal 56:35] Lo! We have created them a (new) creation

[Yusufali 56:35] We have created (their Companions) of special creation.

فَجَعَلْنَاهُنَّ أَبْكَارًا {36}

[Shakir 56:36] Then We have made them virgins,

[Pickthal 56:36] And made them virgins,

[Yusufali 56:36] And made them virgin - pure (and undefiled), -

عُرُبًا أَتْرَابًا {37}

[Shakir 56:37] Loving, equals in age,

[Pickthal 56:37] Lovers, friends,

[Yusufali 56:37] Beloved (by nature), equal in age,-

لِأَصْحَابِ الْيَمِينِ {38}

[Shakir 56:38] For the sake of the companions of the right hand.

[Pickthal 56:38] For those on the right hand;

[Yusufali 56:38] For the Companions of the Right Hand.

ثُلَّةٌ مِنَ الْأَوَّلِينَ {39}

[Shakir 56:39] A numerous company from among the first,

[Pickthal 56:39] A multitude of those of old

[Yusufali 56:39] A (goodly) number from those of old,

وَثُلَّةٌ مِنَ الْآخِرِينَ {40}

[Shakir 56:40] And a numerous company from among the last.

[Pickthal 56:40] And a multitude of those of later time.

[Yusufali 56:40] And a (goodly) number from those of later times.

وَأَصْحَابُ الشِّمَالِ مَا أَصْحَابُ الشِّمَالِ {41}

[Shakir 56:41] And those of the left hand, how wretched are those of the left hand!

[Pickthal 56:41] And those on the left hand: What of those on the left hand?

[Yusufali 56:41] The Companions of the Left Hand,- what will be the Companions of the Left Hand?

فِي سَمُومٍ وَحَمِيمٍ {42}

[Shakir 56:42] In hot wind and boiling water,

[Pickthal 56:42] In scorching wind and scalding water

[Yusufali 56:42] (They will be) in the midst of a Fierce Blast of Fire and in Boiling Water,

وَظِلٍّ مِنْ يَحْمُومٍ {43}

[Shakir 56:43] And the shade of black smoke,

[Pickthal 56:43] And shadow of black smoke,

[Yusufali 56:43] And in the shades of Black Smoke:

لَا بَارِدٍ وَلَا كَرِيمٍ {44}

[Shakir 56:44] Neither cool nor honorable.

[Pickthal 56:44] Neither cool nor refreshing.

[Yusufali 56:44] Nothing (will there be) to refresh, nor to please:

إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا قَبْلَ ذَٰلِكَ مُتْرَفِينَ {45}

[Shakir 56:45] Surely they were before that made to live in ease and plenty.

[Pickthal 56:45] Lo! heretofore they were effete with luxury

[Yusufali 56:45] For that they were wont to be indulged, before that, in wealth (and luxury),

وَكَانُوا يُصِرُّونَ عَلَى الْحِنْثِ الْعَظِيمِ {46}

[Shakir 56:46] And they persisted in the great violation.

[Pickthal 56:46] And used to persist in the awful sin.

[Yusufali 56:46] And persisted obstinately in wickedness supreme!

وَكَانُوا يَقُولُونَ أَئِذَا مِتْنَا وَكُنَّا تُرَابًا وَعِظَامًا أَإِنَّا لَمَبْعُوثُونَ {47}

[Shakir 56:47] And they used to say: What! when we die and have become dust and bones, shall we then indeed be raised?

[Pickthal 56:47] And they used to say: When we are dead and have become dust and bones, shall we then, forsooth, be raised again,

[Yusufali 56:47] And they used to say, "What! when we die and become dust and bones, shall we then indeed be raised up again?-

أَوَآبَاؤُنَا الْأَوَّلُونَ {48}

[Shakir 56:48] Or our fathers of yore?

[Pickthal 56:48] And also our forefathers?

[Yusufali 56:48] "(We) and our fathers of old?"

قُلْ إِنَّ الْأَوَّلِينَ وَالْآخِرِينَ {49}

[Shakir 56:49] Say: The first and the last,

[Pickthal 56:49] Say (unto them, O Muhammad): Lo! those of old and those of later time

[Yusufali 56:49] Say: "Yea, those of old and those of later times,

لَمَجْمُوعُونَ إِلَىٰ مِيقَاتِ يَوْمٍ مَعْلُومٍ {50}

[Shakir 56:50] Shall most surely be gathered together for the appointed hour of a known day.

[Pickthal 56:50] Will all be brought together to the tryst of an appointed day.

[Yusufali 56:50] "All will certainly be gathered together for the meeting appointed for a Day well-known.

ثُمَّ إِنَّكُمْ أَيُّهَا الضَّالُّونَ الْمُكَذِّبُونَ {51}

[Shakir 56:51] Then shall you, O you who err and call it a lie!

[Pickthal 56:51] Then lo! ye, the erring, the deniers,

[Yusufali 56:51] "Then will ye truly,- O ye that go wrong, and treat (Truth) as Falsehood!-

لَآكِلُونَ مِنْ شَجَرٍ مِنْ زَقُّومٍ {52}

[Shakir 56:52] Most surely eat of a tree of Zaqqoom,

[Pickthal 56:52] Ye verily will eat of a tree called Zaqqum

[Yusufali 56:52] "Ye will surely taste of the Tree of Zaqqum.

فَمَالِئُونَ مِنْهَا الْبُطُونَ {53}

[Shakir 56:53] And fill (your) bellies with it;

[Pickthal 56:53] And will fill your bellies therewith;

[Yusufali 56:53] "Then will ye fill your insides therewith,

فَشَارِبُونَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْحَمِيمِ {54}

[Shakir 56:54] Then drink over it of boiling water;

[Pickthal 56:54] And thereon ye will drink of boiling water,

[Yusufali 56:54] "And drink Boiling Water on top of it:

فَشَارِبُونَ شُرْبَ الْهِيمِ {55}

[Shakir 56:55] And drink as drinks the thirsty camel.

[Pickthal 56:55] Drinking even as the camel drinketh.

[Yusufali 56:55] "Indeed ye shall drink like diseased camels raging with thirst!"

هَٰذَا نُزُلُهُمْ يَوْمَ الدِّينِ {56}

[Shakir 56:56] This is their entertainment on the day of requital.

[Pickthal 56:56] This will be their welcome on the Day of Judgment.

[Yusufali 56:56] Such will be their entertainment on the Day of Requital!

نَحْنُ خَلَقْنَاكُمْ فَلَوْلَا تُصَدِّقُونَ {57}

[Shakir 56:57] We have created you, why do you not then assent?

[Pickthal 56:57] We created you. Will ye then admit the truth?

[Yusufali 56:57] It is We Who have created you: why will ye not witness the Truth?

أَفَرَأَيْتُمْ مَا تُمْنُونَ {58}

[Shakir 56:58] Have you considered the seed?

[Pickthal 56:58] Have ye seen that which ye emit?

[Yusufali 56:58] Do ye then see?- The (human Seed) that ye throw out,-

أَأَنْتُمْ تَخْلُقُونَهُ أَمْ نَحْنُ الْخَالِقُونَ {59}

[Shakir 56:59] Is it you that create it or are We the creators?

[Pickthal 56:59] Do ye create it or are We the Creator?

[Yusufali 56:59] Is it ye who create it, or are We the Creators?

نَحْنُ قَدَّرْنَا بَيْنَكُمُ الْمَوْتَ وَمَا نَحْنُ بِمَسْبُوقِينَ {60}

[Shakir 56:60] We have ordained death among you and We are not to be overcome,

[Pickthal 56:60] We mete out death among you, and We are not to be outrun,

[Yusufali 56:60] We have decreed Death to be your common lot, and We are not to be frustrated

عَلَىٰ أَنْ نُبَدِّلَ أَمْثَالَكُمْ وَنُنْشِئَكُمْ فِي مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ {61}

[Shakir 56:61] In order that We may bring in your place the likes of you and make you grow into what you know not.

[Pickthal 56:61] That We may transfigure you and make you what ye know not.

[Yusufali 56:61] from changing your Forms and creating you (again) in (forms) that ye know not.

وَلَقَدْ عَلِمْتُمُ النَّشْأَةَ الْأُولَىٰ فَلَوْلَا تَذَكَّرُونَ {62}

[Shakir 56:62] And certainly you know the first growth, why do you not then mind?

[Pickthal 56:62] And verily ye know the first creation. Why, then, do ye not reflect?

[Yusufali 56:62] And ye certainly know already the first form of creation: why then do ye not celebrate His praises?

أَفَرَأَيْتُمْ مَا تَحْرُثُونَ {63}

[Shakir 56:63] Have you considered what you sow?

[Pickthal 56:63] Have ye seen that which ye cultivate?

[Yusufali 56:63] See ye the seed that ye sow in the ground?

أَأَنْتُمْ تَزْرَعُونَهُ أَمْ نَحْنُ الزَّارِعُونَ {64}

[Shakir 56:64] Is it you that cause it to grow, or are We the causers of growth?

[Pickthal 56:64] Is it ye who foster it, or are We the Fosterer?

[Yusufali 56:64] Is it ye that cause it to grow, or are We the Cause?

لَوْ نَشَاءُ لَجَعَلْنَاهُ حُطَامًا فَظَلْتُمْ تَفَكَّهُونَ {65}

[Shakir 56:65] If We pleased, We should have certainly made it broken down into pieces, then would you begin to lament:

[Pickthal 56:65] If We willed, We verily could make it chaff, then would ye cease not to exclaim:

[Yusufali 56:65] Were it Our Will, We could crumble it to dry powder, and ye would be left in wonderment,

إِنَّا لَمُغْرَمُونَ {66}

[Shakir 56:66] Surely we are burdened with debt:

[Pickthal 56:66] Lo! we are laden with debt!

[Yusufali 56:66] (Saying), "We are indeed left with debts (for nothing):

بَلْ نَحْنُ مَحْرُومُونَ {67}

[Shakir 56:67] Nay! we are deprived.

[Pickthal 56:67] Nay, but we are deprived!

[Yusufali 56:67] "Indeed are we shut out (of the fruits of our labour)"

أَفَرَأَيْتُمُ الْمَاءَ الَّذِي تَشْرَبُونَ {68}

[Shakir 56:68] Have you considered the water which you drink?

[Pickthal 56:68] Have ye observed the water which ye drink?

[Yusufali 56:68] See ye the water which ye drink?

أَأَنْتُمْ أَنْزَلْتُمُوهُ مِنَ الْمُزْنِ أَمْ نَحْنُ الْمُنْزِلُونَ {69}

[Shakir 56:69] Is it you that send it down from the clouds, or are We the senders?

[Pickthal 56:69] Is it ye who shed it from the raincloud, or are We the Shedder?

[Yusufali 56:69] Do ye bring it down (in rain) from the cloud or do We?

لَوْ نَشَاءُ جَعَلْنَاهُ أُجَاجًا فَلَوْلَا تَشْكُرُونَ {70}

[Shakir 56:70] If We pleased, We would have made it salty; why do you not then give thanks?

[Pickthal 56:70] If We willed We verily could make it bitter. Why then, give ye not thanks?

[Yusufali 56:70] Were it Our Will, We could make it salt (and unpalatable): then why do ye not give thanks?

أَفَرَأَيْتُمُ النَّارَ الَّتِي تُورُونَ {71}

[Shakir 56:71] Have you considered the fire which you strike?

[Pickthal 56:71] Have ye observed the fire which ye strike out;

[Yusufali 56:71] See ye the Fire which ye kindle?

أَأَنْتُمْ أَنْشَأْتُمْ شَجَرَتَهَا أَمْ نَحْنُ الْمُنْشِئُونَ {72}

[Shakir 56:72] Is it you that produce the trees for it, or are We the producers?

[Pickthal 56:72] Was it ye who made the tree thereof to grow, or were We the grower?

[Yusufali 56:72] Is it ye who grow the tree which feeds the fire, or do We grow it?

نَحْنُ جَعَلْنَاهَا تَذْكِرَةً وَمَتَاعًا لِلْمُقْوِينَ {73}

[Shakir 56:73] We have made it a reminder and an advantage for the wayfarers of the desert.

[Pickthal 56:73] We, even We, appointed it a memorial and a comfort for the dwellers in the wilderness.

[Yusufali 56:73] We have made it a memorial (of Our handiwork), and an article of comfort and convenience for the denizens of deserts.

فَسَبِّحْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الْعَظِيمِ {74}

[Shakir 56:74] Therefore glorify the name of your Lord, the Great.

[Pickthal 56:74] Therefor (O Muhammad), praise the name of thy Lord, the Tremendous.

[Yusufali 56:74] Then celebrate with praises the name of thy Lord, the Supreme!

فَلَا أُقْسِمُ بِمَوَاقِعِ النُّجُومِ {75}

[Shakir 56:75] But nay! I swear by the falling of stars;

[Pickthal 56:75] Nay, I swear by the places of the stars -

[Yusufali 56:75] Furthermore I call to witness the setting of the Stars,-

وَإِنَّهُ لَقَسَمٌ لَوْ تَعْلَمُونَ عَظِيمٌ {76}

[Shakir 56:76] And most surely it is a very great oath if you only knew;

[Pickthal 56:76] And lo! that verily is a tremendous oath, if ye but knew -

[Yusufali 56:76] And that is indeed a mighty adjuration if ye but knew,-

إِنَّهُ لَقُرْآنٌ كَرِيمٌ {77}

[Shakir 56:77] Most surely it is an honored Quran,

[Pickthal 56:77] That (this) is indeed a noble Qur'an

[Yusufali 56:77] That this is indeed a qur'an Most Honourable,

فِي كِتَابٍ مَكْنُونٍ {78}

[Shakir 56:78] In a book that is protected

[Pickthal 56:78] In a Book kept hidden

[Yusufali 56:78] In Book well-guarded,

لَا يَمَسُّهُ إِلَّا الْمُطَهَّرُونَ {79}

[Shakir 56:79] None shall touch it save the purified ones.

[Pickthal 56:79] Which none toucheth save the purified,

[Yusufali 56:79] Which none shall touch but those who are clean:

تَنْزِيلٌ مِنْ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ {80}

[Shakir 56:80] A revelation by the Lord of the worlds.

[Pickthal 56:80] A revelation from the Lord of the Worlds.

[Yusufali 56:80] A Revelation from the Lord of the Worlds.

أَفَبِهَٰذَا الْحَدِيثِ أَنْتُمْ مُدْهِنُونَ {81}

[Shakir 56:81] Do you then hold this announcement in contempt?

[Pickthal 56:81] Is it this Statement that ye scorn,

[Yusufali 56:81] Is it such a Message that ye would hold in light esteem?

وَتَجْعَلُونَ رِزْقَكُمْ أَنَّكُمْ تُكَذِّبُونَ {82}

[Shakir 56:82] And to give (it) the lie you make your means of subsistence.

[Pickthal 56:82] And make denial thereof your livelihood?

[Yusufali 56:82] And have ye made it your livelihood that ye should declare it false?

فَلَوْلَا إِذَا بَلَغَتِ الْحُلْقُومَ {83}

[Shakir 56:83] Why is it not then that when it (soul) comes up to the throat,

[Pickthal 56:83] Why, then, when (the soul) cometh up to the throat (of the dying)

[Yusufali 56:83] Then why do ye not (intervene) when (the soul of the dying man) reaches the throat,-

وَأَنْتُمْ حِينَئِذٍ تَنْظُرُونَ {84}

[Shakir 56:84] And you at that time look on--

[Pickthal 56:84] And ye are at that moment looking

[Yusufali 56:84] And ye the while (sit) looking on,-

وَنَحْنُ أَقْرَبُ إِلَيْهِ مِنْكُمْ وَلَٰكِنْ لَا تُبْصِرُونَ {85}

[Shakir 56:85] And We are nearer to it than you, but you do not see--

[Pickthal 56:85] - And We are nearer unto him than ye are, but ye see not -

[Yusufali 56:85] But We are nearer to him than ye, and yet see not,-

فَلَوْلَا إِنْ كُنْتُمْ غَيْرَ مَدِينِينَ {86}

[Shakir 56:86] Then why is it not-- if you are not held under authority--

[Pickthal 56:86] Why then, if ye are not in bondage (unto Us),

[Yusufali 56:86] Then why do ye not,- If you are exempt from (future) account,-

تَرْجِعُونَهَا إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ {87}

[Shakir 56:87] That you send it (not) back-- if you are truthful?

[Pickthal 56:87] Do ye not force it back, if ye are truthful?

[Yusufali 56:87] Call back the soul, if ye are true (in the claim of independence)?

فَأَمَّا إِنْ كَانَ مِنَ الْمُقَرَّبِينَ {88}

[Shakir 56:88] Then if he is one of those drawn nigh (to Allah),

[Pickthal 56:88] Thus if he is of those brought nigh,

[Yusufali 56:88] Thus, then, if he be of those Nearest to Allah,

فَرَوْحٌ وَرَيْحَانٌ وَجَنَّتُ نَعِيمٍ {89}

[Shakir 56:89] Then happiness and bounty and a garden of bliss.

[Pickthal 56:89] Then breath of life, and plenty, and a Garden of delight.

[Yusufali 56:89] (There is for him) Rest and Satisfaction, and a Garden of Delights.

وَأَمَّا إِنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْيَمِينِ {90}

[Shakir 56:90] And if he is one of those on the right hand,

[Pickthal 56:90] And if he is of those on the right hand,

[Yusufali 56:90] And if he be of the Companions of the Right Hand,

فَسَلَامٌ لَكَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْيَمِينِ {91}

[Shakir 56:91] Then peace to you from those on the right hand.

[Pickthal 56:91] Then (the greeting) "Peace be unto thee" from those on the right hand.

[Yusufali 56:91] (For him is the salutation), "Peace be unto thee", from the Companions of the Right Hand.

وَأَمَّا إِنْ كَانَ مِنَ الْمُكَذِّبِينَ الضَّالِّينَ {92}

[Shakir 56:92] And if he is one of the rejecters, the erring ones,

[Pickthal 56:92] But if he is of the rejecters, the erring,

[Yusufali 56:92] And if he be of those who treat (Truth) as Falsehood, who go wrong,

فَنُزُلٌ مِنْ حَمِيمٍ {93}

[Shakir 56:93] He shall have an entertainment of boiling water,

[Pickthal 56:93] Then the welcome will be boiling water

[Yusufali 56:93] For him is Entertainment with Boiling Water.

وَتَصْلِيَةُ جَحِيمٍ {94}

[Shakir 56:94] And burning in hell.

[Pickthal 56:94] And roasting at hell-fire.

[Yusufali 56:94] And burning in Hell-Fire.

إِنَّ هَٰذَا لَهُوَ حَقُّ الْيَقِينِ {95}

[Shakir 56:95] Most surely this is a certain truth.

[Pickthal 56:95] Lo! this is certain truth.

[Yusufali 56:95] Verily, this is the Very Truth and Certainly.

فَسَبِّحْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الْعَظِيمِ {96}

[Shakir 56:96] Therefore glorify the name of your Lord, the Great.

[Pickthal 56:96] Therefor (O Muhammad) praise the name of thy Lord, the Tremendous.

[Yusufali 56:96] So celebrate with praises the name of thy Lord, the Supreme.

سورة الواقعة (Al-Waqi'a)

Sura 56

Aya 1 to 96

بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ

[Shakir] In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful.

[Pickthal] In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful.

[Yusufali] In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.

إِذَا وَقَعَتِ الْوَاقِعَةُ {1}

[Shakir 56:1] When the great event comes to pass,

[Pickthal 56:1] When the event befalleth -

[Yusufali 56:1] When the Event inevitable cometh to pass,

لَيْسَ لِوَقْعَتِهَا كَاذِبَةٌ {2}

[Shakir 56:2] There is no belying its coming to pass--

[Pickthal 56:2] There is no denying that it will befall -

[Yusufali 56:2] Then will no (soul) entertain falsehood concerning its coming.

خَافِضَةٌ رَافِعَةٌ {3}

[Shakir 56:3] Abasing (one party), exalting (the other),

[Pickthal 56:3] Abasing (some), exalting (others);

[Yusufali 56:3] (Many) will it bring low; (many) will it exalt;

إِذَا رُجَّتِ الْأَرْضُ رَجًّا {4}

[Shakir 56:4] When the earth shall be shaken with a (severe) shaking,

[Pickthal 56:4] When the earth is shaken with a shock

[Yusufali 56:4] When the earth shall be shaken to its depths,

وَبُسَّتِ الْجِبَالُ بَسًّا {5}

[Shakir 56:5] And the mountains shall be made to crumble with (an awful) crumbling,

[Pickthal 56:5] And the hills are ground to powder

[Yusufali 56:5] And the mountains shall be crumbled to atoms,

فَكَانَتْ هَبَاءً مُنْبَثًّا {6}

[Shakir 56:6] So that they shall be as scattered dust.

[Pickthal 56:6] So that they become a scattered dust,

[Yusufali 56:6] Becoming dust scattered abroad,

وَكُنْتُمْ أَزْوَاجًا ثَلَاثَةً {7}

[Shakir 56:7] And you shall be three sorts.

[Pickthal 56:7] And ye will be three kinds:

[Yusufali 56:7] And ye shall be sorted out into three classes.

فَأَصْحَابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ مَا أَصْحَابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ {8}

[Shakir 56:8] Then (as to) the companions of the right hand; how happy are the companions of the right hand!

[Pickthal 56:8] (First) those on the right hand; what of those on the right hand?

[Yusufali 56:8] Then (there will be) the Companions of the Right Hand;- What will be the Companions of the Right Hand?

وَأَصْحَابُ الْمَشْأَمَةِ مَا أَصْحَابُ الْمَشْأَمَةِ {9}

[Shakir 56:9] And (as to) the companions of the left hand; how wretched are the companions of the left hand!

[Pickthal 56:9] And (then) those on the left hand; what of those on the left hand?

[Yusufali 56:9] And the Companions of the Left Hand,- what will be the Companions of the Left Hand?

وَالسَّابِقُونَ السَّابِقُونَ {10}

[Shakir 56:10] And the foremost are the foremost,

[Pickthal 56:10] And the foremost in the race, the foremost in the race:

[Yusufali 56:10] And those Foremost (in Faith) will be Foremost (in the Hereafter).

أُولَٰئِكَ الْمُقَرَّبُونَ {11}

[Shakir 56:11] These are they who are drawn nigh (to Allah),

[Pickthal 56:11] Those are they who will be brought nigh

[Yusufali 56:11] These will be those Nearest to Allah:

فِي جَنَّاتِ النَّعِيمِ {12}

[Shakir 56:12] In the gardens of bliss.

[Pickthal 56:12] In gardens of delight;

[Yusufali 56:12] In Gardens of Bliss:

ثُلَّةٌ مِنَ الْأَوَّلِينَ {13}

[Shakir 56:13] A numerous company from among the first,

[Pickthal 56:13] A multitude of those of old

[Yusufali 56:13] A number of people from those of old,

وَقَلِيلٌ مِنَ الْآخِرِينَ {14}

[Shakir 56:14] And a few from among the latter.

[Pickthal 56:14] And a few of those of later time.

[Yusufali 56:14] And a few from those of later times.

عَلَىٰ سُرُرٍ مَوْضُونَةٍ {15}

[Shakir 56:15] On thrones decorated,

[Pickthal 56:15] On lined couches,

[Yusufali 56:15] (They will be) on Thrones encrusted (with gold and precious stones),

مُتَّكِئِينَ عَلَيْهَا مُتَقَابِلِينَ {16}

[Shakir 56:16] Reclining on them, facing one another.

[Pickthal 56:16] Reclining therein face to face.

[Yusufali 56:16] Reclining on them, facing each other.

يَطُوفُ عَلَيْهِمْ وِلْدَانٌ مُخَلَّدُونَ {17}

[Shakir 56:17] Round about them shall go youths never altering in age,

[Pickthal 56:17] There wait on them immortal youths

[Yusufali 56:17] Round about them will (serve) youths of perpetual (freshness),

بِأَكْوَابٍ وَأَبَارِيقَ وَكَأْسٍ مِنْ مَعِينٍ {18}

[Shakir 56:18] With goblets and ewers and a cup of pure drink;

[Pickthal 56:18] With bowls and ewers and a cup from a pure spring

[Yusufali 56:18] With goblets, (shining) beakers, and cups (filled) out of clear-flowing fountains:

لَا يُصَدَّعُونَ عَنْهَا وَلَا يُنْزِفُونَ {19}

[Shakir 56:19] They shall not be affected with headache thereby, nor shall they get exhausted,

[Pickthal 56:19] Wherefrom they get no aching of the head nor any madness,

[Yusufali 56:19] No after-ache will they receive therefrom, nor will they suffer intoxication:

وَفَاكِهَةٍ مِمَّا يَتَخَيَّرُونَ {20}

[Shakir 56:20] And fruits such as they choose,

[Pickthal 56:20] And fruit that they prefer

[Yusufali 56:20] And with fruits, any that they may select:

وَلَحْمِ طَيْرٍ مِمَّا يَشْتَهُونَ {21}

[Shakir 56:21] And the flesh of fowl such as they desire.

[Pickthal 56:21] And flesh of fowls that they desire.

[Yusufali 56:21] And the flesh of fowls, any that they may desire.

وَحُورٌ عِينٌ {22}

[Shakir 56:22] And pure, beautiful ones,

[Pickthal 56:22] And (there are) fair ones with wide, lovely eyes,

[Yusufali 56:22] And (there will be) Companions with beautiful, big, and lustrous eyes,-

كَأَمْثَالِ اللُّؤْلُؤِ الْمَكْنُونِ {23}

[Shakir 56:23] The like of the hidden pearls:

[Pickthal 56:23] Like unto hidden pearls,

[Yusufali 56:23] Like unto Pearls well-guarded.

جَزَاءً بِمَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ {24}

[Shakir 56:24] A reward for what they used to do.

[Pickthal 56:24] Reward for what they used to do.

[Yusufali 56:24] A Reward for the deeds of their past (life).

لَا يَسْمَعُونَ فِيهَا لَغْوًا وَلَا تَأْثِيمًا {25}

[Shakir 56:25] They shall not hear therein vain or sinful discourse,

[Pickthal 56:25] There hear they no vain speaking nor recrimination

[Yusufali 56:25] Not frivolity will they hear therein, nor any taint of ill,-

إِلَّا قِيلًا سَلَامًا سَلَامًا {26}

[Shakir 56:26] Except the word peace, peace.

[Pickthal 56:26] (Naught) but the saying: Peace, (and again) Peace.

[Yusufali 56:26] Only the saying, "Peace! Peace".

وَأَصْحَابُ الْيَمِينِ مَا أَصْحَابُ الْيَمِينِ {27}

[Shakir 56:27] And the companions of the right hand; how happy are the companions of the right hand!

[Pickthal 56:27] And those on the right hand; what of those on the right hand?

[Yusufali 56:27] The Companions of the Right Hand,- what will be the Companions of the Right Hand?

فِي سِدْرٍ مَخْضُودٍ {28}

[Shakir 56:28] Amid thornless lote-trees,

[Pickthal 56:28] Among thornless lote-trees

[Yusufali 56:28] (They will be) among Lote-trees without thorns,

وَطَلْحٍ مَنْضُودٍ {29}

[Shakir 56:29] And banana-trees (with fruits), one above another.

[Pickthal 56:29] And clustered plantains,

[Yusufali 56:29] Among Talh trees with flowers (or fruits) piled one above another,-

وَظِلٍّ مَمْدُودٍ {30}

[Shakir 56:30] And extended shade,

[Pickthal 56:30] And spreading shade,

[Yusufali 56:30] In shade long-extended,

وَمَاءٍ مَسْكُوبٍ {31}

[Shakir 56:31] And water flowing constantly,

[Pickthal 56:31] And water gushing,

[Yusufali 56:31] By water flowing constantly,

وَفَاكِهَةٍ كَثِيرَةٍ {32}

[Shakir 56:32] And abundant fruit,

[Pickthal 56:32] And fruit in plenty

[Yusufali 56:32] And fruit in abundance.

لَا مَقْطُوعَةٍ وَلَا مَمْنُوعَةٍ {33}

[Shakir 56:33] Neither intercepted nor forbidden,

[Pickthal 56:33] Neither out of reach nor yet forbidden,

[Yusufali 56:33] Whose season is not limited, nor (supply) forbidden,

وَفُرُشٍ مَرْفُوعَةٍ {34}

[Shakir 56:34] And exalted thrones.

[Pickthal 56:34] And raised couches;

[Yusufali 56:34] And on Thrones (of Dignity), raised high.

إِنَّا أَنْشَأْنَاهُنَّ إِنْشَاءً {35}

[Shakir 56:35] Surely We have made them to grow into a (new) growth,

[Pickthal 56:35] Lo! We have created them a (new) creation

[Yusufali 56:35] We have created (their Companions) of special creation.

فَجَعَلْنَاهُنَّ أَبْكَارًا {36}

[Shakir 56:36] Then We have made them virgins,

[Pickthal 56:36] And made them virgins,

[Yusufali 56:36] And made them virgin - pure (and undefiled), -

عُرُبًا أَتْرَابًا {37}

[Shakir 56:37] Loving, equals in age,

[Pickthal 56:37] Lovers, friends,

[Yusufali 56:37] Beloved (by nature), equal in age,-

لِأَصْحَابِ الْيَمِينِ {38}

[Shakir 56:38] For the sake of the companions of the right hand.

[Pickthal 56:38] For those on the right hand;

[Yusufali 56:38] For the Companions of the Right Hand.

ثُلَّةٌ مِنَ الْأَوَّلِينَ {39}

[Shakir 56:39] A numerous company from among the first,

[Pickthal 56:39] A multitude of those of old

[Yusufali 56:39] A (goodly) number from those of old,

وَثُلَّةٌ مِنَ الْآخِرِينَ {40}

[Shakir 56:40] And a numerous company from among the last.

[Pickthal 56:40] And a multitude of those of later time.

[Yusufali 56:40] And a (goodly) number from those of later times.

وَأَصْحَابُ الشِّمَالِ مَا أَصْحَابُ الشِّمَالِ {41}

[Shakir 56:41] And those of the left hand, how wretched are those of the left hand!

[Pickthal 56:41] And those on the left hand: What of those on the left hand?

[Yusufali 56:41] The Companions of the Left Hand,- what will be the Companions of the Left Hand?

فِي سَمُومٍ وَحَمِيمٍ {42}

[Shakir 56:42] In hot wind and boiling water,

[Pickthal 56:42] In scorching wind and scalding water

[Yusufali 56:42] (They will be) in the midst of a Fierce Blast of Fire and in Boiling Water,

وَظِلٍّ مِنْ يَحْمُومٍ {43}

[Shakir 56:43] And the shade of black smoke,

[Pickthal 56:43] And shadow of black smoke,

[Yusufali 56:43] And in the shades of Black Smoke:

لَا بَارِدٍ وَلَا كَرِيمٍ {44}

[Shakir 56:44] Neither cool nor honorable.

[Pickthal 56:44] Neither cool nor refreshing.

[Yusufali 56:44] Nothing (will there be) to refresh, nor to please:

إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا قَبْلَ ذَٰلِكَ مُتْرَفِينَ {45}

[Shakir 56:45] Surely they were before that made to live in ease and plenty.

[Pickthal 56:45] Lo! heretofore they were effete with luxury

[Yusufali 56:45] For that they were wont to be indulged, before that, in wealth (and luxury),

وَكَانُوا يُصِرُّونَ عَلَى الْحِنْثِ الْعَظِيمِ {46}

[Shakir 56:46] And they persisted in the great violation.

[Pickthal 56:46] And used to persist in the awful sin.

[Yusufali 56:46] And persisted obstinately in wickedness supreme!

وَكَانُوا يَقُولُونَ أَئِذَا مِتْنَا وَكُنَّا تُرَابًا وَعِظَامًا أَإِنَّا لَمَبْعُوثُونَ {47}

[Shakir 56:47] And they used to say: What! when we die and have become dust and bones, shall we then indeed be raised?

[Pickthal 56:47] And they used to say: When we are dead and have become dust and bones, shall we then, forsooth, be raised again,

[Yusufali 56:47] And they used to say, "What! when we die and become dust and bones, shall we then indeed be raised up again?-

أَوَآبَاؤُنَا الْأَوَّلُونَ {48}

[Shakir 56:48] Or our fathers of yore?

[Pickthal 56:48] And also our forefathers?

[Yusufali 56:48] "(We) and our fathers of old?"

قُلْ إِنَّ الْأَوَّلِينَ وَالْآخِرِينَ {49}

[Shakir 56:49] Say: The first and the last,

[Pickthal 56:49] Say (unto them, O Muhammad): Lo! those of old and those of later time

[Yusufali 56:49] Say: "Yea, those of old and those of later times,

لَمَجْمُوعُونَ إِلَىٰ مِيقَاتِ يَوْمٍ مَعْلُومٍ {50}

[Shakir 56:50] Shall most surely be gathered together for the appointed hour of a known day.

[Pickthal 56:50] Will all be brought together to the tryst of an appointed day.

[Yusufali 56:50] "All will certainly be gathered together for the meeting appointed for a Day well-known.

ثُمَّ إِنَّكُمْ أَيُّهَا الضَّالُّونَ الْمُكَذِّبُونَ {51}

[Shakir 56:51] Then shall you, O you who err and call it a lie!

[Pickthal 56:51] Then lo! ye, the erring, the deniers,

[Yusufali 56:51] "Then will ye truly,- O ye that go wrong, and treat (Truth) as Falsehood!-

لَآكِلُونَ مِنْ شَجَرٍ مِنْ زَقُّومٍ {52}

[Shakir 56:52] Most surely eat of a tree of Zaqqoom,

[Pickthal 56:52] Ye verily will eat of a tree called Zaqqum

[Yusufali 56:52] "Ye will surely taste of the Tree of Zaqqum.

فَمَالِئُونَ مِنْهَا الْبُطُونَ {53}

[Shakir 56:53] And fill (your) bellies with it;

[Pickthal 56:53] And will fill your bellies therewith;

[Yusufali 56:53] "Then will ye fill your insides therewith,

فَشَارِبُونَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْحَمِيمِ {54}

[Shakir 56:54] Then drink over it of boiling water;

[Pickthal 56:54] And thereon ye will drink of boiling water,

[Yusufali 56:54] "And drink Boiling Water on top of it:

فَشَارِبُونَ شُرْبَ الْهِيمِ {55}

[Shakir 56:55] And drink as drinks the thirsty camel.

[Pickthal 56:55] Drinking even as the camel drinketh.

[Yusufali 56:55] "Indeed ye shall drink like diseased camels raging with thirst!"

هَٰذَا نُزُلُهُمْ يَوْمَ الدِّينِ {56}

[Shakir 56:56] This is their entertainment on the day of requital.

[Pickthal 56:56] This will be their welcome on the Day of Judgment.

[Yusufali 56:56] Such will be their entertainment on the Day of Requital!

نَحْنُ خَلَقْنَاكُمْ فَلَوْلَا تُصَدِّقُونَ {57}

[Shakir 56:57] We have created you, why do you not then assent?

[Pickthal 56:57] We created you. Will ye then admit the truth?

[Yusufali 56:57] It is We Who have created you: why will ye not witness the Truth?

أَفَرَأَيْتُمْ مَا تُمْنُونَ {58}

[Shakir 56:58] Have you considered the seed?

[Pickthal 56:58] Have ye seen that which ye emit?

[Yusufali 56:58] Do ye then see?- The (human Seed) that ye throw out,-

أَأَنْتُمْ تَخْلُقُونَهُ أَمْ نَحْنُ الْخَالِقُونَ {59}

[Shakir 56:59] Is it you that create it or are We the creators?

[Pickthal 56:59] Do ye create it or are We the Creator?

[Yusufali 56:59] Is it ye who create it, or are We the Creators?

نَحْنُ قَدَّرْنَا بَيْنَكُمُ الْمَوْتَ وَمَا نَحْنُ بِمَسْبُوقِينَ {60}

[Shakir 56:60] We have ordained death among you and We are not to be overcome,

[Pickthal 56:60] We mete out death among you, and We are not to be outrun,

[Yusufali 56:60] We have decreed Death to be your common lot, and We are not to be frustrated

عَلَىٰ أَنْ نُبَدِّلَ أَمْثَالَكُمْ وَنُنْشِئَكُمْ فِي مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ {61}

[Shakir 56:61] In order that We may bring in your place the likes of you and make you grow into what you know not.

[Pickthal 56:61] That We may transfigure you and make you what ye know not.

[Yusufali 56:61] from changing your Forms and creating you (again) in (forms) that ye know not.

وَلَقَدْ عَلِمْتُمُ النَّشْأَةَ الْأُولَىٰ فَلَوْلَا تَذَكَّرُونَ {62}

[Shakir 56:62] And certainly you know the first growth, why do you not then mind?

[Pickthal 56:62] And verily ye know the first creation. Why, then, do ye not reflect?

[Yusufali 56:62] And ye certainly know already the first form of creation: why then do ye not celebrate His praises?

أَفَرَأَيْتُمْ مَا تَحْرُثُونَ {63}

[Shakir 56:63] Have you considered what you sow?

[Pickthal 56:63] Have ye seen that which ye cultivate?

[Yusufali 56:63] See ye the seed that ye sow in the ground?

أَأَنْتُمْ تَزْرَعُونَهُ أَمْ نَحْنُ الزَّارِعُونَ {64}

[Shakir 56:64] Is it you that cause it to grow, or are We the causers of growth?

[Pickthal 56:64] Is it ye who foster it, or are We the Fosterer?

[Yusufali 56:64] Is it ye that cause it to grow, or are We the Cause?

لَوْ نَشَاءُ لَجَعَلْنَاهُ حُطَامًا فَظَلْتُمْ تَفَكَّهُونَ {65}

[Shakir 56:65] If We pleased, We should have certainly made it broken down into pieces, then would you begin to lament:

[Pickthal 56:65] If We willed, We verily could make it chaff, then would ye cease not to exclaim:

[Yusufali 56:65] Were it Our Will, We could crumble it to dry powder, and ye would be left in wonderment,

إِنَّا لَمُغْرَمُونَ {66}

[Shakir 56:66] Surely we are burdened with debt:

[Pickthal 56:66] Lo! we are laden with debt!

[Yusufali 56:66] (Saying), "We are indeed left with debts (for nothing):

بَلْ نَحْنُ مَحْرُومُونَ {67}

[Shakir 56:67] Nay! we are deprived.

[Pickthal 56:67] Nay, but we are deprived!

[Yusufali 56:67] "Indeed are we shut out (of the fruits of our labour)"

أَفَرَأَيْتُمُ الْمَاءَ الَّذِي تَشْرَبُونَ {68}

[Shakir 56:68] Have you considered the water which you drink?

[Pickthal 56:68] Have ye observed the water which ye drink?

[Yusufali 56:68] See ye the water which ye drink?

أَأَنْتُمْ أَنْزَلْتُمُوهُ مِنَ الْمُزْنِ أَمْ نَحْنُ الْمُنْزِلُونَ {69}

[Shakir 56:69] Is it you that send it down from the clouds, or are We the senders?

[Pickthal 56:69] Is it ye who shed it from the raincloud, or are We the Shedder?

[Yusufali 56:69] Do ye bring it down (in rain) from the cloud or do We?

لَوْ نَشَاءُ جَعَلْنَاهُ أُجَاجًا فَلَوْلَا تَشْكُرُونَ {70}

[Shakir 56:70] If We pleased, We would have made it salty; why do you not then give thanks?

[Pickthal 56:70] If We willed We verily could make it bitter. Why then, give ye not thanks?

[Yusufali 56:70] Were it Our Will, We could make it salt (and unpalatable): then why do ye not give thanks?

أَفَرَأَيْتُمُ النَّارَ الَّتِي تُورُونَ {71}

[Shakir 56:71] Have you considered the fire which you strike?

[Pickthal 56:71] Have ye observed the fire which ye strike out;

[Yusufali 56:71] See ye the Fire which ye kindle?

أَأَنْتُمْ أَنْشَأْتُمْ شَجَرَتَهَا أَمْ نَحْنُ الْمُنْشِئُونَ {72}

[Shakir 56:72] Is it you that produce the trees for it, or are We the producers?

[Pickthal 56:72] Was it ye who made the tree thereof to grow, or were We the grower?

[Yusufali 56:72] Is it ye who grow the tree which feeds the fire, or do We grow it?

نَحْنُ جَعَلْنَاهَا تَذْكِرَةً وَمَتَاعًا لِلْمُقْوِينَ {73}

[Shakir 56:73] We have made it a reminder and an advantage for the wayfarers of the desert.

[Pickthal 56:73] We, even We, appointed it a memorial and a comfort for the dwellers in the wilderness.

[Yusufali 56:73] We have made it a memorial (of Our handiwork), and an article of comfort and convenience for the denizens of deserts.

فَسَبِّحْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الْعَظِيمِ {74}

[Shakir 56:74] Therefore glorify the name of your Lord, the Great.

[Pickthal 56:74] Therefor (O Muhammad), praise the name of thy Lord, the Tremendous.

[Yusufali 56:74] Then celebrate with praises the name of thy Lord, the Supreme!

فَلَا أُقْسِمُ بِمَوَاقِعِ النُّجُومِ {75}

[Shakir 56:75] But nay! I swear by the falling of stars;

[Pickthal 56:75] Nay, I swear by the places of the stars -

[Yusufali 56:75] Furthermore I call to witness the setting of the Stars,-

وَإِنَّهُ لَقَسَمٌ لَوْ تَعْلَمُونَ عَظِيمٌ {76}

[Shakir 56:76] And most surely it is a very great oath if you only knew;

[Pickthal 56:76] And lo! that verily is a tremendous oath, if ye but knew -

[Yusufali 56:76] And that is indeed a mighty adjuration if ye but knew,-

إِنَّهُ لَقُرْآنٌ كَرِيمٌ {77}

[Shakir 56:77] Most surely it is an honored Quran,

[Pickthal 56:77] That (this) is indeed a noble Qur'an

[Yusufali 56:77] That this is indeed a qur'an Most Honourable,

فِي كِتَابٍ مَكْنُونٍ {78}

[Shakir 56:78] In a book that is protected

[Pickthal 56:78] In a Book kept hidden

[Yusufali 56:78] In Book well-guarded,

لَا يَمَسُّهُ إِلَّا الْمُطَهَّرُونَ {79}

[Shakir 56:79] None shall touch it save the purified ones.

[Pickthal 56:79] Which none toucheth save the purified,

[Yusufali 56:79] Which none shall touch but those who are clean:

تَنْزِيلٌ مِنْ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ {80}

[Shakir 56:80] A revelation by the Lord of the worlds.

[Pickthal 56:80] A revelation from the Lord of the Worlds.

[Yusufali 56:80] A Revelation from the Lord of the Worlds.

أَفَبِهَٰذَا الْحَدِيثِ أَنْتُمْ مُدْهِنُونَ {81}

[Shakir 56:81] Do you then hold this announcement in contempt?

[Pickthal 56:81] Is it this Statement that ye scorn,

[Yusufali 56:81] Is it such a Message that ye would hold in light esteem?

وَتَجْعَلُونَ رِزْقَكُمْ أَنَّكُمْ تُكَذِّبُونَ {82}

[Shakir 56:82] And to give (it) the lie you make your means of subsistence.

[Pickthal 56:82] And make denial thereof your livelihood?

[Yusufali 56:82] And have ye made it your livelihood that ye should declare it false?

فَلَوْلَا إِذَا بَلَغَتِ الْحُلْقُومَ {83}

[Shakir 56:83] Why is it not then that when it (soul) comes up to the throat,

[Pickthal 56:83] Why, then, when (the soul) cometh up to the throat (of the dying)

[Yusufali 56:83] Then why do ye not (intervene) when (the soul of the dying man) reaches the throat,-

وَأَنْتُمْ حِينَئِذٍ تَنْظُرُونَ {84}

[Shakir 56:84] And you at that time look on--

[Pickthal 56:84] And ye are at that moment looking

[Yusufali 56:84] And ye the while (sit) looking on,-

وَنَحْنُ أَقْرَبُ إِلَيْهِ مِنْكُمْ وَلَٰكِنْ لَا تُبْصِرُونَ {85}

[Shakir 56:85] And We are nearer to it than you, but you do not see--

[Pickthal 56:85] - And We are nearer unto him than ye are, but ye see not -

[Yusufali 56:85] But We are nearer to him than ye, and yet see not,-

فَلَوْلَا إِنْ كُنْتُمْ غَيْرَ مَدِينِينَ {86}

[Shakir 56:86] Then why is it not-- if you are not held under authority--

[Pickthal 56:86] Why then, if ye are not in bondage (unto Us),

[Yusufali 56:86] Then why do ye not,- If you are exempt from (future) account,-

تَرْجِعُونَهَا إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ {87}

[Shakir 56:87] That you send it (not) back-- if you are truthful?

[Pickthal 56:87] Do ye not force it back, if ye are truthful?

[Yusufali 56:87] Call back the soul, if ye are true (in the claim of independence)?

فَأَمَّا إِنْ كَانَ مِنَ الْمُقَرَّبِينَ {88}

[Shakir 56:88] Then if he is one of those drawn nigh (to Allah),

[Pickthal 56:88] Thus if he is of those brought nigh,

[Yusufali 56:88] Thus, then, if he be of those Nearest to Allah,

فَرَوْحٌ وَرَيْحَانٌ وَجَنَّتُ نَعِيمٍ {89}

[Shakir 56:89] Then happiness and bounty and a garden of bliss.

[Pickthal 56:89] Then breath of life, and plenty, and a Garden of delight.

[Yusufali 56:89] (There is for him) Rest and Satisfaction, and a Garden of Delights.

وَأَمَّا إِنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْيَمِينِ {90}

[Shakir 56:90] And if he is one of those on the right hand,

[Pickthal 56:90] And if he is of those on the right hand,

[Yusufali 56:90] And if he be of the Companions of the Right Hand,

فَسَلَامٌ لَكَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْيَمِينِ {91}

[Shakir 56:91] Then peace to you from those on the right hand.

[Pickthal 56:91] Then (the greeting) "Peace be unto thee" from those on the right hand.

[Yusufali 56:91] (For him is the salutation), "Peace be unto thee", from the Companions of the Right Hand.

وَأَمَّا إِنْ كَانَ مِنَ الْمُكَذِّبِينَ الضَّالِّينَ {92}

[Shakir 56:92] And if he is one of the rejecters, the erring ones,

[Pickthal 56:92] But if he is of the rejecters, the erring,

[Yusufali 56:92] And if he be of those who treat (Truth) as Falsehood, who go wrong,

فَنُزُلٌ مِنْ حَمِيمٍ {93}

[Shakir 56:93] He shall have an entertainment of boiling water,

[Pickthal 56:93] Then the welcome will be boiling water

[Yusufali 56:93] For him is Entertainment with Boiling Water.

وَتَصْلِيَةُ جَحِيمٍ {94}

[Shakir 56:94] And burning in hell.

[Pickthal 56:94] And roasting at hell-fire.

[Yusufali 56:94] And burning in Hell-Fire.

إِنَّ هَٰذَا لَهُوَ حَقُّ الْيَقِينِ {95}

[Shakir 56:95] Most surely this is a certain truth.

[Pickthal 56:95] Lo! this is certain truth.

[Yusufali 56:95] Verily, this is the Very Truth and Certainly.

فَسَبِّحْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الْعَظِيمِ {96}

[Shakir 56:96] Therefore glorify the name of your Lord, the Great.

[Pickthal 56:96] Therefor (O Muhammad) praise the name of thy Lord, the Tremendous.

[Yusufali 56:96] So celebrate with praises the name of thy Lord, the Supreme.