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Burial Rituals

Burial Rituals

Author:
Publisher: www.alhassanain.org/english
English

Burial Rituals

Author(s):Muhammadhusein Kermali

Publisher(s):Ahlul Bayt Islamic Centre

www.alhassanain.org/english

Required actions before and immediately after death, during theGhusl (washing the body),Kafan , andSalat al-Mayyit .

Notice:

This workis published on behalf of www.alhassanain.org/english

The typing errors aren’t corrected.

Table of Contents

Introduction 5

Rituals for Just before (Ehtezar) and Immediately After Death 6

Before the Death, During the Saqarat ul Mawt 7

Right After the Death 8

After Death Rituals 9

First Wajib Act: Ghusl Mayyit (Washing the Dead Body) Method 10

Step One 10

Step Two 10

Step Three 10

Step Four 10

Second Wajib Act: Tahnit or Hunut (Applying Camphor Powder) 11

Third Wajib Act: Kafan 12

Method (Shrouding/Wrapping the Body with Sheets of cloth) 12

Wajib Pieces 13

Mustahab Pieces 14

Fourth Wajib Act: Salaatul Mayyit 15

Method 15

The Salaat 16

Method of Namaz-e-Mayyit 16

Fifth Wajib Act: Dafan, Burial 18

Method 19

Ghusl for touching a dead body (Mase Mayyit) 22

Salaat-ul-Wahshat 23

Introduction

Death is a reality. The Qur'an in says:

"Every person (nafs ) will tastedeath, ....." (Surah 3:185)

(taste can be either sweet or bitter!).

At another place the Qur'an says,

"...no one knows (where) in what land (or place) he will die". (Surah 31:34)

Still at another place the Qur'an says,

"Allah does not give any breather (or let up) to anyone for death when its fixed time comes." (Surah 63:11)

Therefore, one should not dread death but take it as crossing the bridge from this temporary life to the permanent, everlasting life. So, whatshould be done when one is confronted with it? This is the topic for our discussion.

Rituals for Just before (Ehtezar ) and Immediately After Death

Let us create a scenario in which you are sitting in front of a very sick friend or a relative whom you have come to visit. He/she is alone in the house. You are the only other person present. Suddenly you see him/her struggling for breath. He/she is taking his/her last breath!Dying! The color of his/her face is changing. Heis said to be inSaqarat - the pain of death. Gradually, he/she stops breathing and is dead. What should you be doing as required by theShariah while the person is in the course of dying and soon after death?

I am not aware of the legal requirements here in Canada. Therefore,I will leave it to you to find out.

Before the Death,During theSaqarat ul Mawt

a) Move the dying person to faceQibla in such a position that the soles of his/her feet faceQibla . In other words, if he/she were to sit upright his/her face would faceQibla .

b) Recite theShahadah and make him/her repeat it. It should coverTawhid /Nubuwwat /Imamat and make him/her recitedua forIstighfar to ask forgiveness from Allah for his/her sins.

c) ReciteSurah Yasin ,Wassafat ,Ayatul Qursi and otherAyats from the Qur'an to ease the moments ofSaqarat .

RightAfter the Death

d) Close the eyes and the mouth of the dead person.

e) Stretch his/her arms along his/her sides and keep his/her legs straight.

f)Cover his/her body with a sheet of cloth.

g) Inform his/herWali or next of kin (ifwali is not present) to come immediately.

h) Recite the Qur'an until the bodyis taken away forGhusl Mayyit .

TheWali , the personal representative appointed by the deceased in his/her will or next of kin is personally responsible for all the after death rituals. His prior permission is necessary before any other person(s) can handle the body.

After Death Rituals

It coversGhusl /Kafan /Dafan i.e., washing, shrouding, and burying.Basically, these areWajib (obligatory) acts for all of us butKifai -Wajibe Kifai , which means if one or more persons undertake to do, others are absolved.Else it iswajib on everyone.

Therefore, it is essential for all of us to know the basics to be able to carry out the rituals in case of necessity.

FirstWajib Act:Ghusl Mayyit (Washing the Dead Body) Method

Step One

Clean the body thoroughly of allnajasat (urine, stool, blood, etc). Use soap with lukewarm water and a pair of gloves.

Step Two

Make aniyyat , "I am washing this dead body with SIDR WATERWajib Qurbatan IlaLlah " and wash the body with SIDR WATER (water in which a small quantity (2handful ) of berry or lotus leaves have been added or its essence squeezed from a parchment paper).

Step Three

Make aniyyat ," I am washing this dead body with camphor waterWajib Qurbatan IlaLlah ".And wash the body with camphor water in which a little (half handful) of camphor has been added.

N.B. Take care in each case that the water does not becomemuzaf i.e . does not change in color, taste or smell.

Step Four

Make aniyyat , "I am washing this dead body with clean waterWajib Qurbatan IlaLlah " and wash the body with clean (tap) water.

1. After all theseGhusls , the body should be gently dried with a clean towel.

2. While giving theGhusl cover the body with a sheet of cloth or at least the private parts, changing the cloth after eachGhusl .

3. The method of givingGhusl isTartibi - in sequence, first head and neck, then the right side and finally the left, the way we ordinarily do ourGhusl .

4. While performingGhusl recitesurah /ayat of the Qur'an anddua .

5. The person givingGhusl shouldbelong the same gender but if not available, amahram of the opposite gender can giveGhusl provided the body is completely covered with a sheet of cloth. Gender is irrelevant where givingGhusl to the body of a child below the age of six (tamiz - the age of discretion).

6. The person givingGhusl must know the basicmasael relating toGhusl Mayyit , but ifMu'min is not available, a Muslim will do.

7. To take or give any remuneration for givingGhusl isharam . If any remuneration is paid or taken,Ghusl isBatil ( invalid .).

8. He/she must betahir and withwudhu .

N.B. The case given here is that ofan normal death. Deaths caused by accidents (bleeding and crushed bodies) have different methods ofGhusl . In some cases, it is impossible to wash the body in which caseTayammum is done . For details, please refer to theRisalah of yourMarjaa .As a general rule , as long as the body is bleeding do not undertake to startghusl . Pack the wound with cotton wool to stop bleeding and then start theGhusl .

SecondWajib Act:Tahnit orHunut (Applying Camphor Powder)

After firstwajib acthas been completed , the secondwajib act istahnit . This involves applying fresh fragrant camphor powder on seven part of the body which rest on the ground when prostrating doingSajdah . These are the forehead, the palms of hands, the knees, and the toes. It iswajib / preferable to starttahnit starting with the forehead and ending with the palms. Some camphormay also be applied on the tip of nose and the chest. Keep theniyyat , "I am doingtahnit /hunut on the dead bodyWajib Qurbatan IlaLlah " before commencingtahnit . The bodyshould be laid on theKafan pre arranged systematically to facilitate this process.

ThirdWajib Act:Kafan

Method (Shrouding/Wrapping the Body with Sheets of cloth)

After the secondwajib acthas been completed , the thirdwajib act isKafan i.e., shrouding or systematically wrapping the body with threewajib and several additionalmustahab pieces of cloth.

Wajib Pieces

a)Lungi ( Loin cloth) - it is an apron like loincloth that should completely cover both the front and back part of the body from the navel to the ankles.

b)Qamis - (Long shirt) a piece of cloth similar to a shirt that covers the body from the shoulders to the below the knees, preferably to the ankles.

c)Chadar - (a large piece of cloth) that covers the entire body and long and wide enough so that the front had parts overlap and the top and the bottom parts can be tied with a string.

Mustahab Pieces

Themustahab (recommended) pieces ofKafan are :

a) Secondchadar - a second piece exactly like the first sheet.

b) Scarf to cover the head and the neck (for females only); a turban (for male) to cover the head.

c) Briefs / knickers / shorts to cover the complete area of the private parts and a belt to tighten them around the waist, both for male and female.

d) Brassier /seenaband to cover the whole area of the bust or breast (for female only).

e) Cotton pad sprinkled with camphor (for females only) for placing around the private parts.

N.B. All these pieces of cloth are pre arranged systematically in their proper order in the stated sequence and kept ready on the floor over a matso as to facilitate shrouding when the body is laid on them forTahnit followed by shroudingKafan .

It isMustahab (recommended) that

a) The cloth for "Kafan " should be white.

b)the body should be kept in a position that the face is towardsQibla while shrouding.

c)two fresh twigs of a tree inscribed withShahadah (Kalma ) calledJareedatain wrapped in cotton wool should be kept under the armpits of both arms before wrapping thechadar .

d)recite surahs /ayats from the Qur'an andIstaghfar while shrouding the body.

P.S. The order in which the pieces ofKafan aresystematically arranged and kept to facilitate wrapping is as follows:

From Bottom to the Top (arranged before the body is placed)

Belts (Upper, middle and lower to tighten the wholekafan ) male female

Chadar wajib male female

Chadar Mustahab male female

ScarfMustahab - female

Turban (Amama )Mustahab male -

Qamis (long shirt)wajib male female

Loin Clothwajib male female

Briefs/knickersMustahab male female

Belt (to tighten briefs)Mustahab male female

Brassier (to cover the chest)Mustahab - female

Cotton PadMustahab - female

The wrappingis then done from the top to the bottom to finally reach the belts to tie up the whole body after shrouding.

FourthWajib Act:Salaatul Mayyit

The nextwajib act isSalaatul Mayyit - (Namaz -e-Janaza ) for a six-year-old child or even lower than six if the child during his/her life used to praysalaat and could distinguish good from bad (Mummaiz )

Method

The body, in a coffin,is laid before the person(s) praying in congregation, head on the right side of the congregation and the face towardsQibla . Those praying, stand close to the coffin in a row(s) stretching along both sides from the middle of the coffin. Imam stands in front reciting loudly andMu'mineen follow the recitation. Itis recommended that they all be in (wudhu ). For a femalemayyit , Imam stands near the chest of themayyit .

TheSalaat

Thesalaat has noruku orsujud . Itis offered in a standing position. There are fiveTakbirs with recitations after eachTakbir .

Method ofNamaz -e-Mayyit

There are5 Takbirs (i.e. sayingAllahu Akbar) inNamaz -e-Mayyit , which is prayed as follows:

After makingNiyyat to offer the prayers and pronouncing the

FirstTakbir one should say:

"أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وأشهد أن محمد رسوله. أشه

د أن لا إله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له وأشهد أن محمد عبده ورسوله أرسله بالحق بشيراً ونذيراً بين يدىَّ الساعة ."

Ashhadu an lailaha illal lah wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan Rasulullah .Ashhaduan lailaha illallahu wahdahu lasharika lah . Wa Ashhadu anna Muhammadan 'abduhu wa Rasuluh ,arsalahu bil haqqi bashiran wa nadhiran bayna yada yis sa'ah .

After the2nd Takbir one should say:

" اللهم صلي على محمد وأل محمد ، اللهم صلي على محمد وأل محمد وبارك على محمد وأل محمد ورحم محمد وأل محمد كأفضل ما صليت وباركت وترحمت على إبراهيم وأل إبراهيم إنك حميد مجيد وصلي على جميع الأنبياء والمرسلين والشهداء والصديقين وجميع عباد الله الصالحين ."

Alla humma salli 'alaMuhammadin wa 'ali Muhammad.Alla humma salli 'alaMuhammadin wa Ali Muhammadwa barik 'alaMuhammadin wa Ali

Muhammadwarham Muhammadan wa AlaMuhammadin kaafzali masallayta wa barakta wa tarah hamta 'alaIbrahima wa AliIbrahima innaka Hamidum Majid wa salli 'alajami'il ambiya'iwal-mursalina wash-shuhada'i was-siddiqina wa jami'i 'ibadilla his-salihin .

After the3rd Takbir one should say:

" اللهم إغفر للمؤمنين والمؤمنات ، اللهم إغفر للمؤمنين والمؤمنات والمسلمين والمسلمات الأحياء منهم والأموات تابع بيننا وبيهم بالخيرات إنك مجيب الدعوات إنك على كل شيء قدير ."

Alla hummaghfir lil mu'minina wal mu'minat . Alla hummaghfir lil mu'minina wal mu'minati wal muslimina wal muslimat , alahya'i minhum wal amwat tabi'baynana wa baynahum bil khayrati innaka mujibud-da'wat innak 'alakulli shay'in Qadeer .

After the4th Takbir he should say:

" اللهم إن هذا عبدك وابن عبدك وابن أمتك نزل بك وأنت خير المنزلين به ، اللهم إنا لا نعلم منه إلا خير ما أنت أعلم به منّا. اللهم إن كان محسناً فزد في إحسانه وإن كان مسيئاً فتجواز عنه واغفر له. اللهم إجعله عندك في أعلى عليّين واخلف على أهله في الغابرين وارحمه برحمتك يا أرحم الراحمين ."

Alla humma inna hadha 'abduka wabnu 'abdika wabnu amatika nazala bika wa antakhayru manzulin bihi Alla humma inna lana'lamu minhu illa khayra wa antaa'alamu bihi minna . Alla humma in kanamohsinan fa zid fi ihsanihi wa in kanamusi'an fatajawaz anhu waghfir lahu .Alla hummaj'alhu 'indaka fi a'la'illiyyin wakhluf 'alaahlihi fil ghabirin warhamhu bi-rahmatika ya ar hamar Rahimin

If the dead body is that of a female one should say:

" اللهم إن هذا أمتك وابنة عبدك وابنة أمتك نزلت بك وأنت خير المنزلين به ، اللهم إنا لا نعلم منها إلا خير ما أنت أعلم به منّا. اللهم إن كانن محسنةً فزد في إحسانها وإن كانت مسيئة فتجواز عنها واغفر لها. اللهم إجعلها عندك في أعلى عليّين واخلف على أهلها في الغابرين وارحمها برحمتك يا أرحم الراحمين ."

Alla humma inna hazihi 'amatuka wabnatu 'abdika wabnatu amatika nazalat bika wa antakhayra manzulin bihi Alla humma inna lana'lamu minha illa khayra wa antaa'lamu biha minna . Alla humma inkanat mohsinatan fa zid fi ihsaniha wa inkanat musi'atan fatajawaz 'anha waghfir laha .Alla hummaj'al ha 'indaka fi a'la 'illiyin wakhluf 'alaahliha fil ghabirin warhamha bi-rahmatika ya ar hamar Rahimin .

Thereafter he should pronounce the5th Takbir and complete thesalaat by recitingSurah al-Fatiha .

FifthWajib Act:Dafan , Burial

After thesalaat , the bodyshould be buried in a Muslim graveyard. Itcannot be buried in non-Muslim graveyard unless a portion of that graveyard has been specifically reserved for Muslims. If that does not exist, the bodyshould be sent to a Muslim country for burial. In case that is not possible, itmay be buried in the graveyard ofAhlul Kitab - Christians /Jews/Zoroastrians. Conversely, a non-Muslimcannot be buried in a Muslim graveyard.

Interpretation

1. Bringing the Pagan Religion to Life

The words of Fatimah in this part reach a higher summit and possess stronger excitement and compassion.

She is vacated that once again the rules of paganism are coming to life, because in paganism females were absolutely refused inheritance.

Islam came and made this point invalid, and made all Muslim relatives partners and sharers in inheritance. As such it is not only the matter of Fadak under consideration. What is being considered in the first place is the danger of the revival of pagan customs and the effacement of Islamic customs. She therefore severely reproaches them in this section and places them under a shower of her censures.

The strangest thing of all was that they did this so hastily that anyone could see that the matter of Fadak was not a simple one. They didn’t even wait until their feet were firmly planted in the caliphate, or as they say: “The water to fall down from the water mill” before they thought of this oppressive transgression. And this is an important point in understanding the depth of this great conspiracy.

2. A Reference to the Enemies’ Reasons

The Prophet’s daughter - this great orator and well-versed judge - then implicitly goes on to their reasons, saying that they were claiming the messenger of God had said, “we prophets leave absolutely no inheritance as a memorial.”

Then she went on with a reasonable knock-down reply, and notes witness and examples from the generalities and particulars of the Quran, and by mentioning a few verses of the book proves that this false tradition must be exposed to all for what it is.

3. Fatimah (s.a.) Closes All of Their Ways of Escape

This great-learned lady so attacks the opponent with weapons of reason that no way of escape is left open for him.

She says: “If your excuse is that false tradition which says “we prophets leave no inheritance”, I give you its reply from Quranic verses, and if your excuse is that we are prohibited inheritance, then know that all children inherit from their parents. The only person excluded from this rule is he who is not related to and alike in religious beliefs with the father.

This means that non-Muslim children never inherit from their Muslim parents. According to your opinion, “is the religion of my father different from mine?!” And if it is the sediments of the pagan commandments in your brain which says, “A girl has no share in inheritance” these imaginary, ridiculous beliefs were removed with the rising of the sun of Islam, and there is no way to return to the dark night after the dawn.

4. Are you more familiar with the Quran than the family of its voice (S)?

Fatimah, this brave lady also closes this road before them in which they could say; “We understand this and that from the Quran.” She asks them; if Where in the Quran? “And with which interpretation?” “Who is more worthy of doing this than my cousin Ali who was raised in the arms of the Quran’s voice and was one of his secretaries, and who heard the Quran and its interpretation from the lips of the Prophet himself?”

To begin with, the Quran was revealed in our home.

In short, in one part she points to the matter of the inheritance of Solomon from his father David and John from his father Zachariah, of whom all were Prophets saying - in contrast to this false tradition, the Quran stipulates that they inherited from each other and we know that any tradition which opposes the Quran falls from the degree of validity.

Then she takes advantage of the generalities of the Quran which say: “Offsprings, both girls and boys inherit from their father” and “all relatives have a portion in inheritance according to the Islamic laws and the categories ascertained in inheritance.” She then says, could this single tradition, which is contrary to both the general and particular verses of the Quran have any worth in a just Islamic court, and have as much value as the size of a pin-head? She then counts and denies all of the other roads, such as the important impediments to inheritance.

5. Now that it is such, it is all yours

Then the honorable daughter of the Prophet (S), this self-sacrificing lady, adds, so that they will not think she has some sort of affection for Fadak as a worldly possession, but as a divine aim: “Now that it is so, take it all, and do anything you are able to but know that you have a great court ahead of you that possesses many differences from the courts of this world. There the judge is God and your claimant in that court will be the prophet of Islam himself, and the fixed date for this court is the resurrection day “Yum-al-Borouz”, the day that all hidden things will be made known.”

If you have prepared a reply for that day ‘Bismillah’ (be my guest), and if not prepare yourself for God’s punishment.

On that day it is certain that you will be regretful, but this regret will certainly have no benefit for you, because the record of deeds will be closed and there is no way to return to the past.

Notes

1. Reference to Quranic verse: Chapter 5, Verse 50

2. Quran Chapter 11, Verse 39 (from “Translation of the Quran-e-Majid” M.H. Shakir)

Part 7

Sermon

ثم رمت بطرفها نحو الانصار، فقالت :

یا مَعْشَرَ النَّقیبَةِ وَ اَعْضادَ الْمِلَّةِ وَ حَضَنَةَ الْاِسْلامِ! ما هذِهِ الْغَمیزَةُ فی حَقّی وَ السِّنَةُ عَنْ ظُلامَتی؟ اَما كانَ رَسُولُ‏اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَیْهِ وَ الِهِ اَبی یَقُولُ: «اَلْمَرْءُ یُحْفَظُ فی وُلْدِهِ»، سَرْعانَ ما اَحْدَثْتُمْ وَ عَجْلانَ ذا اِهالَةٍ، وَ لَكُمْ طاقَةٌ بِما اُحاوِلُ، وَ قُوَّةٌ عَلى ما اَطْلُبُ وَ اُزاوِلُ

اَتَقُولُونَ ماتَ مُحَمَّدٌ؟ فَخَطْبٌ جَلیلٌ اِسْتَوْسَعَ وَ هْنُهُ، وَاسْتَنْهَرَ فَتْقُهُ، وَ انْفَتَقَ رَتْقُهُ، وَ اُظْلِمَتِ الْاَرْضُ لِغَیْبَتِهِ، وَ كُسِفَتِ الشَّمْسُ وَ الْقَمَرُ وَ انْتَثَرَتِ النُّجُومُ لِمُصیبَتِهِ، وَ اَكْدَتِ الْامالُ، وَ خَشَعَتِ الْجِبالُ، وَ اُضیعَ الْحَریمُ، وَ اُزیلَتِ الْحُرْمَةُ عِنْدَ مَماتِهِ

فَتِلْكَ وَاللَّهِ النَّازِلَةُ الْكُبْرى وَ الْمُصیبَةُ الْعُظْمى، لامِثْلُها نازِلَةٌ، وَ لا بائِقَةٌ عاجِلَةٌ اُعْلِنَ بِها، كِتابُ اللَّهِ جَلَّ ثَناوهُ فی اَفْنِیَتِكُمْ، وَ فی مُمْساكُمْ وَ مُصْبِحِكُمْ، یَهْتِفُ فی اَفْنِیَتِكُمْ هُتافاً وَ صُراخاً وَ تِلاوَةً وَ اَلْحاناً، وَ لَقَبْلَهُ ما حَلَّ بِاَنْبِیاءِ اللَّهِ وَ رُسُلِهِ، حُكْمٌ فَصْلٌ وَ قَضاءٌ حَتْمٌ

« وَ ما مُحَمَّدٌ اِلاَّ رَسُولٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ الرُّسُلُ اَفَاِنْ ماتَ اَوْ قُتِلَ انْقَلَبْتُمْ عَلى اَعْقابِكُمْ وَ مَنْ یَنْقَلِبْ عَلى عَقِبَیْهِ فَلَنْ یَضُرَّ اللَّهَ شَیْئاً وَ سَیَجْزِى اللَّهُ شَیْئاً وَ سَیَجْزِى اللَّهُ الشَّاكِرینَ ».

ایهاً بَنی‏قیلَةَ! ءَ اُهْضَمُ تُراثَ اَبی وَ اَنْتُمْ بِمَرْأى مِنّی وَ مَسْمَعٍ وَ مُنْتَدى وَ مَجْمَعٍ، تَلْبَسُكُمُ الدَّعْوَةُ وَ تَشْمَلُكُمُ الْخُبْرَةُ، وَ اَنْتُمْ ذَوُو الْعَدَدِ وَ الْعُدَّةِ وَ الْاَداةِ وَ الْقُوَّةِ، وَ عِنْدَكُمُ السِّلاحُ وَ الْجُنَّةُ، تُوافیكُمُ الدَّعْوَةُ فَلا تُجیبُونَ، وَ تَأْتیكُمُ الصَّرْخَةُ فَلا تُغیثُونَ، وَ اَنْتُمْ مَوْصُوفُونَ بِالْكِفاحِ، مَعْرُوفُونَ بِالْخَیْرِ وَ الصَّلاحِ، وَ النُّخْبَةُ الَّتی انْتُخِبَتْ، وَ الْخِیَرَةُ الَّتِی اخْتیرَتْ لَنا اَهْلَ الْبَیْتِ

قاتَلْتُمُ الْعَرَبَ، وَ تَحَمَّلْتُمُ الْكَدَّ وَ التَّعَبَ، وَ ناطَحْتُمُ الْاُمَمَ، وَ كافَحْتُمُ الْبُهَمَ، لا نَبْرَحُ اَوْ تَبْرَحُونَ، نَأْمُرُكُمْ فَتَأْتَمِرُونَ، حَتَّى اِذا دارَتْ بِنا رَحَى الْاِسْلامِ، وَ دَرَّ حَلَبُ الْاَیَّامِ، وَ خَضَعَتْ نُعْرَةُ الشِّرْكِ، وَ سَكَنَتْ فَوْرَةُ الْاِفْكِ، وَ خَمَدَتْ نیرانُ الْكُفْرِ، وَ هَدَأَتْ دَعْوَةُ الْهَرَجِ، وَ اسْتَوْسَقَ نِظامُ الدّینِ، فَاَنَّى حِزْتُمْ بَعْدَ الْبَیانِ، وَاَسْرَرْتُمْ بَعْدَ الْاِعْلانِ، وَ نَكَصْتُمْ بَعْدَ الْاِقْدامِ، وَاَشْرَكْتُمْ بَعْدَ الْایمانِ؟

بُوساً لِقَوْمٍ نَكَثُوا اَیْمانَهُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ عَهْدِهِمْ، وَ هَمُّوا بِاِخْراجِ الرَّسُولِ وَ هُمْ بَدَوكُمْ اَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ، اَتَخْشَوْنَهُمْ فَاللَّهُ اَحَقُّ اَنْ تَخْشَوْهُ اِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُومِنینَ

اَلا، وَ قَدْ أَرى اَنْ قَدْ اَخْلَدْتُمْ اِلَى الْخَفْضِ، وَ اَبْعَدْتُمْ مَنْ هُوَ اَحَقُّ بِالْبَسْطِ وَ الْقَبْضِ، وَ خَلَوْتُمْ بِالدَّعَةِ، وَ نَجَوْتُمْ بِالضّیقِ مِنَ السَّعَةِ، فَمَجَجْتُمْ ما وَعَبْتُمْ، وَ دَسَعْتُمُ الَّذى تَسَوَّغْتُمْ، فَاِنْ تَكْفُرُوا اَنْتُمْ وَ مَنْ فِی الْاَرْضِ جَمیعاً فَاِنَّ اللَّهَ لَغَنِیٌّ حَمیدٌ

اَلا، وَ قَدْ قُلْتُ ما قُلْتُ هذا عَلى مَعْرِفَةٍ مِنّی بِالْخِذْلَةِ الَّتی خامَرْتُكُمْ، وَ الْغَدْرَةِ الَّتِی اسْتَشْعَرَتْها قُلُوبُكُمْ، وَ لكِنَّها فَیْضَةُ النَّفْسِ، وَ نَفْثَةُ الْغَیْظِ، وَ حَوَزُ الْقَناةِ، وَ بَثَّةُ الصَّدْرِ، وَ تَقْدِمَةُ الْحُجَّةِ، فَدُونَكُمُوها فَاحْتَقِبُوها دَبِرَةَ الظَّهْرِ، نَقِبَةَ الْخُفِّ، باقِیَةَ الْعارِ، مَوْسُومَةً بِغَضَبِ الْجَبَّارِ وَ شَنارِ الْاَبَدِ، مَوْصُولَةً بِنارِ اللَّهِ الْمُوقَدَةِ الَّتی تَطَّلِعُ عَلَى الْاَفْئِدَةِ

فَبِعَیْنِ اللَّهِ ما تَفْعَلُونَ، وَ سَیَعْلَمُ الَّذینَ ظَلَمُوا اَىَّ مُنْقَلَبٍ یَنْقَلِبُونَ، وَ اَنَا اِبْنَةُ نَذیرٍ لَكُمْ بَیْنَ یَدَىْ عَذابٌ شَدیدٌ، فَاعْمَلُوا اِنَّا عامِلُونَ، وَ انْتَظِرُوا اِنَّا مُنْتَظِرُونَ

English Rendering

Then the Lady of Islam (a.s) spoke to the group of Ansars going on with her speech in an expressive, firm and pounding tone, saying thus; “O’ Gentlemen, and O’ mighty upper arms of the nation and friends of Islam! What is this connivance of yours against my indisputable right? And what is this negligence you exhibit in response to the injustice that has been done to me? Didn’t my father the Prophet of Islam say:

“A person’s respect must be kept in regard to his children.”

How quickly you changed the conditions and how swiftly you took steps towards the deviated path, while you have the ability to administer my justice, and you have sufficient power for that which I say:

Are you saying: Mohammad has left the world - and with his death everything has come to an end, and his household must be forgotten and his Sunnah trampled?

Yes, his death was a painful blow and a tragedy for the Islamic world. It is a grave disaster that brought down the dust of sorrow on everyone, and every day the fissure becomes clearer and its break more extensive and its amplitude increased. The earth darkens because of his absence, and the stars lack brilliance because of the disaster; hopes turned into despair. Mountains became unstable; the honor of persons was trampled, and with his death no respect remains. I swear to God, this is an immense event and a great tragedy and an irreparable loss. But don’t forget it the Prophet left, the magnificent Quran had previously reported of it; the very Quran which is continually present in your homes, morning and night, loudly and exclaiming or quietly and read to us with various tones. The prophets previous to him were also confronted with this reality, because death is Godly command with infringements being unacceptable.

Yes, the Quran had said explicitly:

“And Mohammad is no more than an apostle: the apostles have already passed away before him; if then he dies or is killed, will you turn back upon your heels? And whoever turns back upon his heels, he will by no means does harm to Allah in the least; and Allah will reward the grateful.” (3:143)

Strange! O’ children of Qila1 must my inheritance be trampled while you see and hear clearly, and the reality is spoken of in your meetings and gatherings, and its news reaches you easily and you still sit in silence?

Even though you have ample personnel and extensive power, equipment, weapons and armor, you hear my call and do not answer?! My shout is arousing suspicion among you and you don’t react to it? This is when you are the idiom of courage, and are known for your charity and goodness, and you are the elect of the tribes and sects.

You battled the Arab infidels, and bore the sufferings and hardships. You routed the stubborn and you fought with great warriors. And it was you who were constantly moving along with us, and were in our line you submitted to our commands and were ready for our orders.

This until the mill of Islam began rotating on the axis of our families’ existence, and milk began flowing in the breasts of mother time. The clamors of polytheism were stifled in throats and the flames of falsehood died down, the fire of infidelity was extinguished, and the call to diversion was halted, while the discipline of religion was affirmed.

Then why after all of those explanations from the Quran and the Holy Prophet of Islam have you remained perplexed today? Why do you keep the realities hidden after they have been clarified to you? And why have you broken your pacts, and after faith you have taken the road of polytheism?

“What! Will you not fight a people, who broke their oaths and aimed at the expulsion of the apostle, and they attacked you first; do you fear them? But Allah is most deserving that you fear Him, if you are believers.” (9:13)

Be aware, I see it thus that you have turned to comfort and have become Pleasure-Seekers. You have abandoned the one person more worthy than all for the leadership and administration of the Muslims’ affairs. You have leaned in a quiet corner in ease and self-cherishing, turning to the expanse of indifference from the pressures of the narrow pass of responsibilities.

Yes, what you had in you of faith and awareness you have thrown out, and you have with difficulty regulated the putrid water you had drank.

But don’t forget, God says:

“If you are ungrateful, you and those on earth all together, most surely Allah is Self-Sufficient, Praised.” (14:8)

Know and be aware that I have said what I must say, while I know well that the forsaking of right (Haqq) is mixed with your flesh, and breach of promise has fallen over your heart. But since my heart was heavy with sorrow - and I felt a strong sense of responsibility, some of my inner griefs poured out, and the sorrow that swelled within my breast came out (so I could complete my ultimatum to you and let there be no excuse left for anyone).

Now that it is so, this steed of the Caliphate, and that Fadak, all are yours. Hold on tightly and don’t let go. But know that this is not a steed with which you may proceed in your own way; its back is wounded and its hoofs are split! The brand of disgrace is upon it and the wrath of God is its sign. Eternal disgrace is accompanied by it and in the end it will join the blazing fires of God’s indignation.

Don’t forget that what you do is in God’s presence.

“They who act unjustly shall know to what final place of turning they will turn back…” (26:227)

“And say to those who do not believe: Who gave you a prognosis in the face of severe torment? Do what you are able to do.”

“And say to those who do not believe: Act according to your state, surely we too are acting. And wait surely we are waiting also.” (11:121-122)

Interpretation

1. The effective role of the Ansars in the advance of Islamic objectives

The lady of Islam (a.s) in this section of her speech describes the ‘Ansars’ clan as an elect group, the powerful forearm of Islam and devoted friend of the Prophet of Islam. She then expresses her gratefulness for their efforts at the beginning of the Prophet’s entrance to Medina, and even before that in the way of Islam.

Yes, really, the Ansars played a very effective part in the promotion of Islam, during war and peace, in the beginning and in the end, in all the stages and with all of what they requested less than the Mohajereen.

If things would have fallen into their hands maybe the history of Islam would have traversed a more enlightened course. Of course, among the Mohajereen there were some devoted persons who never neglected any self-sacrifice or generosity. However, with all of that influence, the political players among them completely changed the situation.

2. Fatimah places them under the shower of her censures

The Lady of Islam’s surprise is here:

Why have these powerful forearms and old friends of the Prophet (S) placed the seal of silence on their lips in the face of this injustice that they allowed in relation to their family? With their silence they gave their endorsement of these cruelties and did not keep the Prophet’s respect as regards his family. Most important of all, in that face of the change in the axis of the caliphate, after a short confrontation and that in their own favor: They sympathized, cooperated and condoled, in exchange for the right to silence that they received. This was an unforgivable error!

3. With the death of the Prophet (S) Islam does not die

The great Qur’an on the one hand, and the Prophet himself on the other, reported the fact that the Islamic religion is not upright because of a person. It is a religion, eternal until the very last day, and does not cease with the death of the prophet. This is because it was a revolution based on a school (of thought), a heavenly and Godly school, a school harmonious with human needs throughout history, and such a school must remain.

But despite all this, a short-sighted imperceptive group imagined that with the painful blow and heart-rendering tragedy that was done to the Islamic world at the death of the prophet of Islam, and with the vacuum that appeared from the absence of this great leader in the perimeters of Islam; the exordium of Islam had been read, and its scroll had been rolled up! And for this very reason they remained silent before the clamors of paganism.

Fatimah (s.a.) shouts, and reminds them of the Quranic verses that speak of the permanence and eternity of Islam! She awakens the negligent from careless sleep and introduces the Muslims to their heavy responsibilities in that extremely sensitive time.

4. Why do you sit silently in the face of the violation of Islamic commandments?

In another high point of her speech she intensely reproaches the Ansar saying; “Your silence in the Fadak incident, an incident that is a link from a series of chain-like deviations, and a spark from an extant flame and a drop from one vast current will end in the revival of the Anti-Islamic specter.” The people say: “if it is really true that Islamic law is just, why isn’t it enforced in the case of the closest relatives of the Prophet?” “In a place where they violate such an indisputable right and you endorse it with your silence, the violation of the rest of the Islamic laws will not be difficult.”

“You should think of this affair as a current not as a localized, one-sided incident, and calculate which other incidents are hidden behind this incident? My agitation and clamor is for this very reason! Don’t think that your rising for the aid of one who is oppressed like me will create a split in the Islamic community. But rather on the contrary, your silence puts everything under question. If you say that you don’t have the power it is a lie. Abundant resources were made available to you from the beginning and now they are more plentiful. Despite this, why do you discard the explicit Quranic verse which says, “Rise to battle the violators of an oath.” And instead of fearing God you fear them.”

5. The prevalence of the spirit of “welfare-seeking”

The prevalence of the spirit of“welfare-seeking” 2

This great teacher, in another high point reaches into the depths of their souls and pulls out the primary reason for this silence, saying, “The matter is that the spirit of welfare-seeking has prevailed over you, you have given yourself to the desire for tranquility. And even though you see with your own eyes that they have put aside the one person who is more worthy than anyone for the caliphate, you remain silent?

Yes, a true revolution is a forerunner as long as its individuals keep their revolutionary spirit, and the inclinations for welfare-seeking don’t prevail over them. If not they will submit in the face of difficulties, and they pass by indifferently all bitter responsibility, creating incidents, and the revolution is extinguished.”

6. With this spirit I know you are unable to do anything!

This courageous lady with her deep perception tells of future events. And in another high point in this section she speaks to the ‘Ansar’ saying; my aim is to deliver my ultimatum, and other than that I have no hope in you. Where you have remained silent in the same way in regard to ‘Fadak’. But my words today will be recorded in the history of Islam and future comers will judge. In addition to this I also wanted to open the knots in my heart and pour out the blood in my breast so that everyone would know of my tormenting pain!

7. Be ready for painful events

The heroine of Islam also notifies them, “Don’t think that this silence and desire for your own welfare, becoming bystanders and indifferent, will end cheaply for you. You will taste its bitter fruit in this world in the form of tyrannical governments - such as Bani Umayeh and Bani Abbas - who have no mercy on your future generations, and are not for Islam and the Quran.

“In addition, in Gods’ great court on resurrection day, you will have to pay its atonement.”

8. He gave a prognosis and I also given a prognosis!

Fatimah, the broken-hearted lady and the eminently-positioned daughter of the prophet, in the last part of her speech speaks the same words that the divine prophets said against mutinous groups. She gives them a prognosis, saying;

“You should be waiting, we are also waiting.”

You are waiting for greater pressures to be brought upon the family of the Prophet (S); we are also awaiting God’s punishment for you!

Notes

1. Qila - a respectable, noble lady who was the origin of the lineage of the Ansars.

2. In Persian ‘Afiyat-Talabi’ implies the meaning of: the desire of a person or group for its’ own welfare at the expense of others, if need be, or a disregard for the welfare of others. I have called it here “welfare-seeking” because of its similarity to pleasure-seeking. (Translator)

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