Traveller
(musafir
)
Q34: A student, worker or employeestudies
or works in an area situated at more than 22 km from his city. He goes daily to his workplace and returns to his city, and there is a possibility that this will continue for a year or more. What is the ruling in this case with respect to his prayers and fasts (siyam
)?
A: He should offer complete (tamm
) prayers and observe the fasts. (FM, pp. 400-401)
Q35: What if he were to travel three or four times a week during the year, not because his job demands travelling, but for other purposes like sight-seeing and tourism or for treating a patient, visiting the shrines of the Imams (a.s
.), etc. What is the ruling on his prayers?
A: He should perform complete prayers and observe the fasts,since,
given his situation he is considered a frequenttraveller
according to convention ('urf
). If he were to travel twice a week and stay five days in hishometown
[then it is obligatory for him to offer both the short (qasr
) and the complete (prayers); and, in the month of Ramadan, to combine observance of the fasts in it (Ramadan) and theirqada
after it]. (FM, p. 401)
Q36: Amukallaf
offersmorning prayer
in his city and then travels in a westerly direction. He arrives in a city in which the dawn has not yet appeared and then emerges.Or
, he offers noon prayer in his city and then travels by air, arriving in a city where the sun has not begun to go down (noon), and only later begins its descent.Or
, he offers the evening prayer in it (city), then travels to a city where the sun has not yet set, and then sets. Is he obliged to repeat the prayer in all these hypothetical situations?
A: There are two perspectives. It is a better precaution (to repeat the prayer), although apparently it is not (obligatory to repeat it). (MS, p. 464, Q81)
Q37: What is the ruling for a person who travels after noon (zuhr
) during the month of Ramadan while fasting?
A: [He should complete his fast] and there is noqada
on him. (FM, p. 401)
Q38: And if he travels before noon, having intended to do so and decided on the trip the night before?
A: [There is no fasting for him on this day]. He will break his fast after reaching thehadd
al-tarakhkhus
and he is obligated to offer itsqada
after that. (FM, p. 401)
Q39: What if he travels before noon but did not intend to travel and had not decided on it the night before?
A: The same ruling applies as in the previous case (Q38). (FM, pp. 401-2)
Q40: A traveler in the month of Ramadan returns to his hometown or place of residence after noon. Is it obligatory for him to abstain (from things that render a fast void) in the remaining part of the day?
A: It is not obligatory for him although it is more appropriate to abstain for the rest of the day. (FM, p. 402)
Q41: What if he returns before noon and has broken (the fast) on his trip?
A: The ruling is as previously mentioned (Q40). (FM, p. 402)
Q42: What if he returns to his hometown or place of residence and arrives before noon without breaking the fast on his trip?
A: It is obligatory for him to make the intention to fast and abstain from things that render a fast void for the remaining part of that day. In that case, there is noqada
on him. (FM, p. 402)
Q43: What about one whose duty it isto
fast while travelling.
After dawn has appeared in his city, he travels by air with the intention to fast. He arrives in another city where the dawn has not yet emerged.Is he permitted
to eat, drink, etc.?
A: Apparently, it is permissible. (MS, p. 466, Q85)
Q44: What about one who travels from his city in the month of Ramadan after noon and arrives in a city where the sun has not begun its descent.
Is it obligatory for him to abstain (from things that break the fast) and complete his fast?
A: That is a better precaution. (MS, p. 466, Q86)
Q45: If a fasting person in the month of Ramadan travels by air in a westerly direction aftermaghrib
-- without breaking (iftar
) his fast in his city -- and arrives at a place where the sun has not yet set, is it obligatory for him to abstain from things (that break the fast) untilmaghrib
?
A: Apparently, it is not obligatory although it is a better precaution. (MS, p. 464, Q80)
Q46: What about one whose duty is to fast while travelling.
If he travels from his city, in which the crescent of Ramadanhas been seen
, to a city where the crescent has not yet been seen because of a variation in their horizon?
A: He is not obligated to fast on that day. (MS, p. 466, Q87)
Q47: What if he observes theEid
in a city in which the crescent of Shawwalhas been seen
, and then travels to a city where the crescent has not been seen due to a variation in their horizon?
A: It is a better precaution for him to abstain (from things that break the fast) for the rest of the dayand, also,
to observe itsqada
. (MS, pp. 466-67, Q87)