Alhassanain(p) Network for Heritage and Islamic Thought

Lesson 9: Da'awah For The Near Ones To Islam

By the 3rd year of Be'that (Prophethood), the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.w.) had spent all his time just trying to revive the light of Islam. There were several ways he used to do this. Initially, it was necessary for him to hold small group meetings because the time had not yet come to spread the message of Islam to all.

The people of Mecca were not aware of the Prophet (s.a.w.w.)'s real objectives yet.

During the early stages of da'awah, there were about 40 Muslims who showed loyalty, co-operation and supported his divine call. These people stood firm behind him all through their lives.

Gradually, Islam established itself in the form of these trustworthy and sincere individuals. In the meantime, the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.w.) tried to gain the trust of the general public and through his perfect conduct, he succeeded so well that he became famously known as SADIQ (TRUTHFUL) and AMEEN (TRUSTWORTHY).

Then the Divine call came down from the heavens and Allah (S.W.T.) said to him:

"Awaken the hearts of the people towards the Almighty Creator Allah (S.W.T.) and Islam, and protect them from the severe punishment of the hereafter. It is time for you to spread the heavenly message with compassion, gentleness, humility and wisdom."

Soon after, our Holy Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.w.) undertook his first invitation. With the help of his cousin (and future son-in-law) - Imam Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.), he organised a meal and invited the close members of his family to join him.

Da'watul Dhul-Ashira - The First Invitation.

40 people arrived for the special meal. The Holy Prophet of Islam (s.a.w.w.) showed them warm hospitality and said, "Ali and I express sincere thanks to you for having accepted our invitation and may you enjoy this humble meal…"

It was a blessed meal indeed! After everyone had eaten, the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) began to speak about his mission. However, as soon as Abu Lahab - one of his uncles - realised what he was saying, he created an awful scene and prevented the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.w.) from talking any more. Chaos broke out and everyone left without hearing the important message.

Let us try to reflect on what went on in that first meeting:

1. Did the behaviour of Abu Lahab in any way discourage the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) from spreading the message of Islam?

2. Did it stop him from guiding the people? And did he despair and lose hope in Allah (S.W.T.)?

3. What were the ways of the Prophet (s.a.w.w.)'s Islamic work? What strategies did he use in guiding people? What course of action did he use to put the love of truth in people's hearts?

When we ponder on these issues, we appreciate the fact that the Prophet of Islam (s.a.w.w.) never gave up on his divine mission. He exercised a lot of patience in order to perform his duties. This was for the sake of saving humanity from the darkness of ignorance and to bring them into the light of Truth and success.

The Second Invitation

Trusting in Allah (S.W.T.), the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.w.) waited for a few days and then called the same people again for a second meal. He was equally kind and hospitable this time around. After the simple but wonderful meal, he began to speak. This time the people listened. He said:

"Dear guests! What I am about to say may not be acceptable to your ears, if you wish to listen to my counsel you may do so. If you do not wish to do so, the choice is yours and you can follow your own path. But I request you all to heed what I am about to say.

"I remind you that I am a gift and a blessing for you, a guide for you and I will become your salvation in the hereafter, so think about what I say.

"O people, if I were to tell you that there was an army of enemies just behind this mountain, would you take my word and believe me? Or would you run away like renegades? What steps would you take?"

All those gathered replied: "O Muhammad! We trust that what you utter is nothing but the truth."

It was now time for the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) to make his announcement, giving glad tidings to the guests and conveying the pure message of Islam. He continued, "I wish nothing but goodness and happiness for you. I do not and have never uttered a single lie. O people! Remember death is not the end of our long journey, life after death is another continuous life in another world.

"O people, I am a Prophet sent by Allah (S.W.T.), blessed by Him as a mercy for the whole universe. I shoulder a heavy and a great responsibility to spread this divine MESSAGE OF ISLAM, and I desire that you should follow this path. Come and join this sacred course to Allah (S.W.T.)…"

There was absolute silence in the room as the stunned people looked at the Prophet (s.a.w.w.). It was then that a young man stood up from the crowd and exclaimed, "O Prophet of Allah (S.W.T.), I believe in the ways of Tawheed, Ma'ad, and have full trust in your prophethood and your message of truth."

Do you know who it was? It was no other than Ali Ibn Abi Taalib! Joy illuminated the Prophet (s.a.w.w.)'s face as he asked Ali to confirm what he had said not once or twice but three times!

Then the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.w.) made a second announcement, "Most surely, this is my brother, my inheritor, my leader for you, so take heed and obey him …" He then repeated and said, "This young man is my close brother, and my Wazir, he is none other than Ali Ibn Abi Taalib."

Al Kamil Fi-Tarikh Vol 2 Page 62 Even while some of those gathered were excited and happy at the news, others like Abu Lahab and his followers looked plainly angry and walked out. These became the permanent enemies of the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) and of Islam.

The questions that come up in all our minds at this point is: Why did some express feelings of joy and excitement when Imam Ali (a.s.) was given such a great title and later turn against him?

Did the people who were present fully understand what the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) was saying? Did they appreciate the high and noble status of Imam Ali (a.s.) as given by the Prophet of Islam (s.a.w.w.)?

It is important for us to sit and seriously think about what actually transpired in the mind of the people during this great event!

A Holy Verse

The Qur'an mentions:

"And warn your nearest relations and be kind to him who follows you of the believers." Sura Shua'ra, Verse 215

SOMETHING TO THINK ABOUT…

1. The initial stage of da'awah performed by our Holy Prophet (s.a.w.w.) was to a few people. Gradually more and more were called to Islam

2. The Holy Prophet (s.a.w.w.) imparted the message of Islam through love, kindness, care, gentleness and showed great patience in this mission.

3. He enjoined the people towards goodness and imparted the fundamentals of Islam clearly and with certainty.

4. He also prepared the Ummah, from the beginning, with a spiritual guide and leader.

Think and Answer

1. Define da'awah in Islam? What were the unique ways of performing da'awah that the Prophet of Islam (s.a.w.w.) used?

2. Why did the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.w.) begin his mission with only a handful?

3. Describe the event of the first and second invitations of the Prophet of Islam (s.a.w.w.) and their respective outcomes.

4. Explain in your own words the content of the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.w.)'s sermon during the latter event? Who replied him and what was this reply? 5. What do you understand by the statement made by the young man?

Lesson 10: The Universal Message

News reached the holy city of Mecca that Muhammad ibn Abdullah had proclaimed himself a Prophet sent by the One and only Almighty God.

As we mentioned a group of people had already become close to him and the message of Tawheed. This small but very committed group pledged their allegiance and full support to the cause of Allah (S.W.T.).

The Holy Prophet (s.a.w.w.) had, in presence of the high ranked dignitaries of the Quraysh and the people in Mecca, showed his deep respect to Ali Ibn Abi Talib.

He openly called him his cousin, helper and inheritor. We should note here that at no time did Hadhrat Abu Talib, (father of Ali), show any kind of disrespect or resentment to the spread of Islam. He did not protest against the Prophet (s.a.w.w.)'s claim or show disapproval of his son's loyalty to him. On the contrary, Abu Talib gave his full support to the Prophet (s.a.w.w.)'s message.

After the second invitation, Allah (S.W.T.) sent down another message telling the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) to progress to the next step in his mission. He said, "O Muhammad! Guide whosoever you can towards the light of Islam, distinguish the truth from falsehood, and do not be afraid of the idol-worshippers, they shall soon perish and be totally destroyed…"

Having heard these powerful words the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) now went to Mount Saffa to share his important news. As soon as he reached the top of the mountain, he called out loudly,

"O people of Mecca! O Quraysh! A heavenly message has now come down which is extremely powerful. It is indeed a voice that is filled with love, devotion and faith.

For those who seek the right path, take heed of the heavenly message for such is the great news of the day… I believe time has come for you take this important message and remember that you recognise Muhammad as the Truthful (Sadiq) and the Trustworthy (Ameen)."

The Meccans all gathered around the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) listening to what he had to say. He looked at the attentive audience and continued, "O Meccans! O womenfolk and menfolk of Quraysh! If I were to say that there is an army of enemies behind this mountain, ready to attack you, would you believe me?"

The crowd answered, "Yes, O Muhammad! Verily, you are an honest, trustworthy man and we know that till this moment you have never uttered a single lie."

Having got this commitment from the people the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) began to elaborate what he had said at the invitation, "Oh people! I am a Prophet sent by God, and have been blessed for the entire universe, I have been bestowed with the divine message to be universally spread for all times and all ages.

"Oh people! Remember, death is not an ending to life, it is a beginning of a new life. Death is like sleep and when you wake up from your sleep, it is as if you are getting a new life, in preparation for the Day of Reckoning.

If you perform good deeds, you will most certainly be rewarded in abundance. But if you choose to do evil, the results will be severe tortures and punishment.

"Oh people! I have been given the best and complete programme for you. Indeed the return will bring you happiness, bliss in this world and the hereafter, now read after me and proclaim: 'La Ilaaha Ila Allah...' - 'There is no God but Allah (S.W.T.)'

"This will bring you happiness and you will attain salvation. Accept the Oneness of God, and show faith in Him. There is no distinction between Arab and non- Arab, do not discriminate, none is superior in His eyes, except the one who has adopted piety.

Be united, live in peace, harmony and accept this Holy message…" When the idol-worshippers and the wealthy personalities of Mecca heard this, they were startled by the contents of this heavenly message that was being delivered by Muhammad Ibn Abdullah.

Each one of them whispered to the other: "What is this? What is Muhammad saying? How dare he talk in such a manner in our presence?"

Since Abu Taalib was also a respected and well-known personality, they wondered about him too. "Has Abu Taalib given full commitment to Muhammad? Why are we ignorant of Abu Taalib's stance?"

Even as a murmur rose from the crowd, Abu Lahab shouted out aloud from the far end in rage, "Woe to you! Is this what you wanted us here for, to give us this message of yours?"

A huge confusion broke out in the crowd and most of the people left. There was total disorder and many were shouting …

"Did you all hear what Muhammad said? He is a Messenger of God! Is it possible to have a messenger from God? Can it be possible for a human being to be a Prophet? And what is a Prophet anyway? Does he mean that the idols that we, and our forefathers, worshipped are false? We don't have to follow Muhammad and his claims to prophethood!"

Seeing that he would be able to do no more at that time, our Holy Prophet (s.a.w.w.) left and went home. He had however, accomplished the first step by introducing to the Makkans, the concept of belief in One God.

After that first time, the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) went out everyday and spoke to the people. Few listened to him but he never got angry or gave up. In all circumstances he chose to use wisdom and gentle words.

The enemies of Islam knew that Muhammad was a man of great character. When they saw that he was not openly succeeding in gaining many followers, they wondered what steps he would take next to achieve his aim. This made them nervous and they watched his every move.

The Holy Prophet (s.a.w.w.), in the meantime, was waiting for the right moment and opportunity further spread Islam. The question that many were asking at this time was 'How was the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.w.) going to manage to spread the heavenly call and what were his long term goals in this mission?'

A Holy Verse

The Qur'an says:

"Therefore declare thou (O' Our Apostle Muhammad!) openly what thou art commanded and turn away from the polytheists" Sura Hijr, Verse 94

SOMETHING TO THINK ABOUT…

1. From the beginning, the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.w.) always used gentle words and kindness to spread the message of Islam. He never spoke harshly to anyone - not even the enemies who insulted him time and again.

2. In asking the people to listen to him from the top the mountain he first established that even before they knew his rank as a Prophet, the people already trusted him beyond any doubt. He also showed his trust in Allah (S.W.T.) and his confidence in the Truth of what he was saying.

3. He emphasized that people should understand the concept of Tawheed and the life in the Hereafter; that they should worship the One Supreme Lord and fully commit themselves to the Islamic dogma: "LA ILAHA ILLA ALLAH"

Think and Answer

1. What policies did the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) use in spreading the message of Islam?

2. What measures did the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.w.) take in calling the people towards the truth?

3. Give an account of what transpired at Mount Saffa.

4. Why was the divine universal message spread in parts?

Lesson 11: Rejection All Kinds Of Selfish Motives

Having discussed the general need and concept of prophethood and looked at the early days of the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.w.)'s mission, we can understand that he was sent as a bringer of glad tidings and a universal message. In return, what is expected from us is that we follow this message in order to gain salvation in the hereafter.

As days passed in Mecca, more and more people began to embrace Islam. They had begun to realise that their previous faith in idols was baseless and without foundation. In the meantime those who were stubborn and refused to think began to worry about the opposition that was growing to their idol worshipping practices.

They tried all methods to stop the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.w.) - from offering bribes to humiliating and insulting him but the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) saw through every plan of theirs and remained firm as a rock in his quest.

It is a source of great surprise to the world and of pride to the Muslims that this man single-handedly enlightened a nation that was deep in the pit of ignorance, towards the purity of Tawheed and Islam. He motivated people throughout Arabia to aspire towards the noble path of Allah (S.W.T.). He exposed the idol-worshipping of past nations and brought peoples' attention to the ugliness of the destiny of such nations.

But none of this was easy! It took a lot of patience, faith and self control on the part of the Prophet (s.a.w.w.). Let us see some of the ways in which the Mushrikeen tried to stop the spread of Islam.

Once the Mushrikeen arranged for a meeting with Abu Taalib, who was looked up to as a leader amongst the Quraysh. They asked him:

"Why do you prefer to keep silence when Muhammad is spreading Islam? We need some answers from you. Don't you see that our people are being attacked from all sides, there is chaos and confusion in the city, seeds of discord and disunity have already been planted amongst us, and what are you doing about the whole situation?

"Do you realise that your nephew has carefully made calculated moves to destroy our gods from their roots? He has certainly tricked us into this ugly plot!"

Seeing that they were not getting a positive response from him, they began to take a threatening tone: "O Abu Taalib! We respect you as an elder of the Quraysh that is why we have remained calm and patient towards these sudden changes and the new movement that Muhammad has brought, but it has gone too far now! He is insulting our gods - the gods that we have always worshipped! He condemns them and claims that we are ignorant. Now that it has reached to its peak, we will not tolerate it any further!"

Saying this, they left. Immediately, Abu Taalib went to meet his nephew and told him about the meeting with the Mushrikeen. The Holy Prophet (s.a.w.w.) said to him: "My dear uncle! All these problems are because of the Shirk they perform. They have usurped the rights of their women-folk. They have refused to accept the call of Islam. Islam rejects all forms of false deities and has liberated human beings from such man-made gods. Most surely I am the Hujjat (divine proof) from God to you and for the whole mankind."

Abu Taalib listened to his words and agreed with him. Thus, the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) continued preaching Islam with the same energy as before.

Seeing that their threats had not worked, the Mushrikeen thought of using a different approach. Because they did not understand the noble character of the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) they actually thought that they would be able to bribe him with worldly temptations! They came up to Abu Taalib again and presented the following proposals to him for the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.w.):

1. We shall honor Muhammad with a grand status, make him popular and give him the leadership of HEJAAZ (now known as Medina).

2. We shall overwhelm him with the wealth and make him the richest man amongst all the Quraysh.

In return they asked for the following condition to be fulfilled:

"Muhammad must stop this new movement. He will not insult our gods and discontinue the talk of One God."

What a laughable bargain! Since Abu Taalib had promised to pass on their message, he went to the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) and told him of it. In reply, the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.w.) dashed the hopes of the Mushrikeen by clearly stating:

" By God! Even if they give me the sun in my right hand and the moon in my left, and all the worldly glamour and temptations and its beauties under my disposal, I will not stop spreading the divine message of Islam and the worship of Allah (S.W.T.). Dear Uncle! Tell them to affirm and accept only one statement - the Islamic Kalemah - so that they may attain bliss and salvation in this world and the hereafter."

Having failed once again, the Mushrikeen began to taunt Abu Taalib saying:

"O Abu Taalib, you are a noble man. A man highly respected among the Quraysh, you have solved our problems in the past, but you don't seem to be able to assist us in solving this big crisis for now! Why don't you leave Muhammad and accept Ammar Bin Walid as your son till Muhammad realises his grave mistakes!"

These words made Abu Taalib angry and he replied, "What madness! How dare you loyalty to the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) and Islam. The Mushrikeen knew then that they would not get any support from him against Muhammad.

Despite such difficulties, the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.w.) never gave in to worldly temptations but fought constantly against falsehood in order to establish the truth. His success can humiliate us and come up with such insulting proposals and wretched thoughts! Shame on you! Woe upon you!" With these words he turned away from them, showing his full be seen in the form of the millions of Muslims living in the world today and the many others who continue to accept his call towards Allah (S.W.T.)!

Through his actions and decisions, the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.w.) taught us that as Muslims we are responsible for Islam and carry a very heavy duty to combat idol- worshipping and un-Islamic thoughts/ideas. We have be patient and keep up the true spirit of Tawheed.

A Holy Verse

Allah (S.W.T.) says in the Qur'an:

" To this then go on inviting, and go on steadfastly on the right way as you are commanded and do not follow their low desires, but say: I believe in what Allah has revealed of the Book and I am commanded to be just among you. Allah is our Lord and your Lord; we shall have our deeds and you shall have yours; no plea need there be (now) between us and you: Allah will gather us together, and to Him is the return" Sura Shura, Verse15

SOMETHING TO THINK ABOUT…

1. Through the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.w.)'s da'awah, he awakened those who were fully immersed in ignorance and disbeliefs. Before his proclamation as a messenger, people were totally drowned in corrupt ways. The message of Islam gave light to the dead hearts.

2. The Prophet (s.a.w.w.) used a number of different ways to eradicate idol-worshipping and take people back to the Belief in the real God - Allah (S.W.T.). This is one of the signs of a free-thinker.

3. The meaning of the reply given by the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.w.) to the arrogant officials of the Mushrikeen through his uncle i.e. Even if you put the sun on my right hand, is a lesson to us even today.

the moon on the left hand, never will I will stop delivering the true message of Islam,

Think and Answer

1. Give an account of reasons why you think people had deviate from the truth?

2. What were the various methods that the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.w.) used in his da'awah to the public?

3. What were the plots made by the leaders of Mushrikeen to stop the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.w.)?

4. How did the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.w.) react to the proposals of pagan leaders?

5. What is our duty as Muslims towards Islam and da'awah for Islam? How are you responsible today in safeguarding Islam and its rich values? What are the challenges you face in school in order to maintain your Islamic values?

Lesson 12: If My Mother Is Terribly Upset…?

A young lad lay ailing in bed. He suffered from a sickness that had no cure except death. People, realising that no worldly medicine could help him, went to the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.w.) and asked him to come and pray for the young man's suffering to be eased.

When the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) arrived, he saw a frail youth, tossing, turning and all the while moaning in extreme pain. He constantly cried out in fear, screaming about wild and terrifying things that no one else seemed to see.

Our Holy Prophet (s.a.w.w.) realised immediately that the man was fast approaching death and could see what awaited him in the hereafter. He sat down near the bed and asked gently, "Why are you in so much grief? What makes you cry so?"

The man slowly opened his eyes and saw the gentle face of the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) looking down at him. With great difficulty, he managed to say, "Oh Messenger of God! I am now conscious of my limited time in this world and feel the nearness of death.

Just a few minutes ago, I saw some extremely ugly and frightening faces and I felt that they wanted to imprison me and chain me in a world of severe punishment. I am scared of those faces and I fear for myself!"

Hearing this, the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) turned to those who were present and asked. "Is this young man's mother alive? If she is, please ask her to come right away." by the pain your son is in, are you angry with him for any reason?"

The people rushed out to find her and brought her to the Prophet (s.a.w.w.). She entered and stood a little way away from the dying youth's bed. Seeing this behaviour, the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.w.) asked her, "You do not seem to be affected At this, the woman replied, "O Prophet of Allah (S.W.T.)! I have endured great pain and difficulties in raising my child.

During his infancy, I spent sleepless nights to make sure that he slept peacefully and during the day, I struggled to earn money for our bread. Many days I remained hungry but fed him. Despite all this, when he became older, he forgot all that I had sacrificed for him. His attitude changed and he started disrespecting me.

Often, he was rude and angry. I was deeply hurt and in the end I could not bear his treatment anymore so I complained to my Lord Allah (S.W.T.)."

Having heard the mother express her bitter feelings, the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) advised her, "O Mother! Your son was young and naïve. You have every right to grieve and feel hurt but in the end you are a mother and a mother's compassion exceeds everything else. I beg you to forgive your son's ignorance. Do not be bitter about him. If you will be happy, Allah (S.W.T.) will forgive him and relieve him from the pain that he is presently suffering."

Hearing this and looking at her son crying out in pain, the mother felt her love rekindled and she quickly raised her hands pleading to her Lord,

"O Allah (S.W.T.)! For the sake of Your Prophet, I forgive my son and request You to do the same."

The Holy Prophet (s.a.w.w.) then added his own dua asked for forgiveness for the man from Allah (S.W.T.). The Almighty accepted their prayers and excused the youth's sins.

In a few moments, the man stopped thrashing about and a peaceful look came over his face. He opened his eyes once again and this time smiled, looking at the Prophet (s.a.w.w.), he spoke with gratitude, "O Prophet of Allah (S.W.T.), I the Kalematu - Shahaadatayn and he left this temporary world to meet with His Lord, with a smile on his face.

In the Holy Qur'an, Allah (S.W.T.) has given great emphasis on the respect to our parents. He has advised children to treat their parents with kindness and be humble and obedient towards them. If a person fails in this important duty, he must seek forgiveness both from his parents as well as from the Almighty.

According to our 6th holy Imam, Jaffer Al-Sadiq (a.s.), sincerely thank you for your blessed visit. The two beastly figures who had approached me earlier have gone and instead two handsome angels with broad smiles on their faces are now coming towards me!"

With these words he recited "One who does good to his parents will indeed receive goodness and during the time of his death, his soul will leave his body very gently and easily. Such a person will never face poverty in this world."

A Holy Verse

We are told in the Qur'an

"And your Lord has commanded that you shall not serve any but Him, and do goodness to your parents. If either or both of them reach old age with you, say not to them (so much as) 'uf' nor harass them, and speak to them a generous word." Sura Bani Israeel, Verse 23

SOMETHING TO THINK ABOUT …

1. The Holy Prophet (s.a.w.w.) of Islam highly recommended and encouraged believers to visit the sick and show kindness to them.

2. Islam has laid great emphasis for children to respect and value their parents, especially the mother, for she has borne great pain in nurturing and looking after them. If one fails to show kindness to ones' parents, he will live in despair and a severe punishment awaits him in the hereafter.

3. Allah (S.W.T.) in the Holy Qur'an has commanded all believers to show Mercy and Kindness towards parents. He has ordered children to lower their voice in front of their parents. Even the smallest word in reply i.e. 'UF!' is forbidden.

Think and Answer

1. Why was the young lad in severe pain?

2. What brought the changes in his severe condition?

3. What do you understand from the warning in the Holy Qur'an to mankind on behaviour towards one's parents - verse 23 of Sura Bani Israel? Explain your answer fully.

4. What lessons have you derived from the ailing man's experiences, hours before death?

ANECDOTE

Infacncy and Age One day, in the rashness of youth, I spoke harshly to my mother. She sat in a corner with tears in her eyes said:

"You forget the days of your infancy! Can you recall those days when you would cling to my bosom helplessly and would not dare to speak to me loudly? Now you are powerful as a tiger and formidable as an elephant only because I am an old woman …"

Introduction to Chapter Five

In The Name Of Allah (S.W.T.), the Beneficent, the Merciful

ALL ARE EQUAL IN THE DIVINE SYSTEM OF LAW AND ORDER

Issues related to politics and well-being of the society are part of the fundamental Islamic laws. For a Muslim leader to govern a society he must practice justice and equity. In this chapter and the lessons that follow, we will look at the importance of "Equality and Justice" in accordance to the divine laws.

'JUSTICE' is one of the core elements in the establishment of an Islamic Government. It is noteworthy to mention that in order to spread and apply justice it is necessary for there be a sense of Islamic Brotherhood which allows a person to know another's problems.

The implementation of justice helps Muslims to attain a life of respect, honour, dignity and total commitment to Islam.

Lesson 13: Srirtual Role Models

The Infallible Imams

At the time of the khilafat of Imam Ali Ibn Abi Taalib (a.s.), he once lost his armour. Later, he happened to pass by the open market (bazaar) of Kufah and his eyes fell on a Christian selling the very same armour! Imam (a.s.) came a little closer to the Christian glancing at the armour and then took it in his hand and studied it closely while asking the seller about it. The man quickly replied, "That which is in your hand belongs to me," and using some force took it from the Imam (a.s.)'s hand.

His behaviour attracted the attention of the people around and they gathered around the two men. Imam Ali (a.s.) calmly told the Christian, "What are you saying? How can you claim this to be yours, when it does not belong to you?" He further added, "I am certain this armour is mine therefore return it to me…"

When the Christian continued to deny his claim, the Holy Imam (a.s.) decided to take him to the court and lodged a complaint against him. As they walked into the court, the Qaadhi saw them enter and quickly stood up in respect of the Imam (a.s.). He greeted him politely and then inquired, "What has brought you here?"

"This armour is mine. I neither sold it nor did I give it as a present to anyone; now I have found it with this man, and he refuses to give it back to me," explained the Imam (a.s.).

The Qaadhi turned and asked the Christian seller "What do you have to say about it?"

The man insisted stubbornly, "I will not give the armour to him, because it belongs to me. I am not calling him a liar, but it is mine."

Seeing that he could not make a clear decision based on the facts he had, the Qaadhi requested both the Imam (a.s.) and the seller to bring two witnesses who would give evidence on their behalf. Our Holy Imam (a.s.) began laughing and said, "The judge is right! Now I must present witnesses, but I have none."

Since the plaintiff had no witnesses, the judgement was passed in favour of the Christian who walked away with the armour. After a few steps, he stopped. He knew the armour belonged to Imam (a.s.) and his conscience struck him.

He thought to himself, "This manner of rule and conduct is not of ordinary human beings. Rather, it is the government of prophets. Islam advocates matters in absolute fairness, equality and justice. The law applies in the same way to all people - even the khalifa, himself! How wonderfully just!"

Retracing his steps, he entered the court again and with great shame admitted his mistake and addressed those were sitting, saying "O Muslims! The Islamic laws show perfect justice and this indeed has awakened me.

Your laws give importance to equality. I won in the case against your Holy leader, and this surprised me. Even though I a Christian, the laws didn't change but brought justice as they were meant to. I have witnessed that even a leader of the Muslims can be summoned in the court of justice. This shows that no one can misuse the divine laws!

"How was it possible for the judge not to favour the Imam, and to maintain the law as the final word? This court has brought truth - complete truth. I bear witness that there is no other deen except Islam that advocates divine laws, I now embrace Islam."

The man accepted Islam and pledged his loyalty to Allah (S.W.T.), the Holy Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.w.) as the final Messenger from God and to Imam Ali (a.s.) as the guardian of Islam and the pure, truthful Imam. He then spoke to the Holy Imam (a.s.) and confessed his wrong-doings:

"I swear by God, truth is with you and this armour is yours. It was after the Battle of Siffeen, when you had left behind the armour on the battleground that I took it. I am really ashamed for having caused all this to you, I seek forgiveness from you."

Imam Ali (a.s.) was very happy and said to the man: "In respect of the love of truth you have shown and your accepting of this perfect deen, I give back the armour to you."

The man turned out to be a devout companion of the Holy Imam (a.s.). He was a great defender of Islam and its teachings. Later, he participated in the battle of Naharwan and fought with bravery becoming a symbol of martyrdom.

SOMETHING TO THINK ABOUT…

1. The laws of Islam establish social justice. This helps Muslim societies to promote equality, for the success of mankind.

2. When a society does not implement divine laws, there is no true peace, harmony or contentment. Theft and usurping of one's rights are common evils. This destroys the roots of families and societies at large.

3. Muslims should follow the laws of Islam, and take full responsibility in their duties as defenders of the divine regulations. We should try to avoid bribery and any sort of un-Islamic commands made by men.

4. When a society advocates equality and justice, there is room for love, friendship and truth. This is one of the greatest gifts of Allah (S.W.T.).

5. When such sublime laws are practised both by the Islamic judges and the common men, there is no place for corruption. The wealth and property of the public is safeguarded. One should seek solutions from the laws of Islam rather than turning to man-made laws.

6. Muslims should make it a policy to combat injustice and support the truth.

7. The Islamic courts should be flawlessly just and act as role models for others to emulate (copy).

8. There is no distinction in Islam. Whether rich or poor, status and recognition do not serve as conditions in performing justice.

9. The Muslim Qaadhi (judge) should always take into consideration the views of both parties and be completely impartial i.e. not take sides.

Think and Answer

1. Explain how the Christian man came to embrace Islam.

2. What were Imam Ali (a.s.)'s words when he heard the Christian turn to Islam?

3. How does equality and justice help build a healthy society? What are the positive effects?

4. What do you think justice actually mean in the eyes of the divine laws of Islam? Explain your answer.

Lesson 14: Brotherhood

A man once sat in the presence of the 7th Holy Imam, Musa Ibn Jaffer (a.s.). He saw a friend of his, called Muhammad, from afar and smiled at him. Muhammad smiled back and from the pleasure on both their faces at seeing one another, it was obvious that they were good friends.

Seeing this exchange, Imam (a.s.) leaned nearer and asked the man, "You really like Muhammad, don't you?" He replied, "Yes! O grandson of the Holy Prophet, I do! Muhammad is a pious man. He has a very strong faith and is a practicing Muslim. Is he also your friend?"

Imam (a.s.) replied:

"Of course! As you have said, he is a man of deep faith and has very good akhlaq. Surely all believers are brothers to one another. We must always try to show compassion to our believing brothers.

"Did you know that anyone who looks at a Mo'meen brother with contempt, falsely accuses him, or does anything that would harm the man is behaving in an un-Islamic manner? We should always behave with goodness and act with kindness towards other believers.

If we intend to gain Allah (S.W.T.)'s blessings, we must try to be good to one another. For the one who deceives his believing brother will be most surely deprived of Allah (S.W.T.)'s blessings."

Islam is a way of life and it encourages goodness among people. Deceit, slander, gossip and mockery are ugly acts and unacceptable in Islam. Such devious manners create destruction within a society.

Islam treats both Muslim men and Muslim woman with the eyes of equity. Beautiful gestures and titles, like brotherhood, will do no good if they are not implemented or put into action. Islam requires from us that we show compassion by fulfilling the needs and wants of other people. Good qualities, if put in action, become the standard of Islamic ethics.

The true Believers are not only brothers and sisters in faith but also in action. A practicing Muslim will not dare to hurt or upset another. Whenever a Mo'meen or a Mo'meenah is hurting, others who practice imaan will also feel his/her pain.

Our 6th infallible Imam, Al-Sadiq (a.s.) has said, "Muslims are brothers to one another and they have rights over each other. If one of them is hungry, is it possible for the others to eat and leave him in the state of hunger? Is it possible for a Muslim to quench his own thirst whilst his brother remains thirsty?

If a believing brother in faith does not have anything to wear, is it possible for the others to be clothed and live him naked?" No, it cannot be so! Every true practicing Muslim society consists of individuals who aim to provide equal resources to all its members. They do not rest until this aim is achieved. On the same issue, our 6th Imam (a.s.) has also said:

"Every Muslim has a right over his brother in faith and they have duties towards each other, some of which are:

1. One should greet the other when they meet.

2. If a Mo'meen becomes sick, the others should visit him.

3. If he dies, it becomes their duty to pay him his last respects and attend his funeral services.

4. If a Mo'meen invites another to his house, he must accept his invitation.

5. The most important of all is: whatever a believer desires for himself, he must desire the same for others.

SOMETHING TO THINK ABOUT…

1. The most beautiful gift that Islam has given its followers is the close bond of brotherhood and unity. If we implement the rules concerning this matter, then we will have the perfect society - a thing that the entire world is searching for.

2. Whenever a believer needs help, others should be ready to help.

3. The most important of all Islamic morals is that whatever a believer desires for himself, he should desire the same for the others. And whatever he dislikes for himself, he must dislike the same for others as well.

Think and Answer

1. What outcomes do you think ugly habits like backbiting, insulting and false accusations can lead to?

2. What does Islam offer to the Muslim Ummah?

3. What do you understand from the sayings of our 6th Holy Imam (a.s.) quoted in the lesson above?

4. Find out what the strong recommendations of our Holy Prophet (s.a.w.w.) are in matters that relate to the rights believers have upon one another? Explain your answers (and sources).