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18. Hadith Al-‘Ilm, Establishing Its Authenticity

Shaykh Ibn Taymiyyah (d. 728 H) claims:

قال الرافضي الثالث انه كان اعلم الناس بعد رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم

و الجواب أن اهل السنة يمنعون ذلك و يقولون ما اتفق عليه علماؤهم أن اعلم الناس بعد رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم أبو بكر ثم عمر و قد ذكر غير واحد الإجماع على أن أبا بكر اعلم الصحابة كلهم

The Rafidhi said: “The third (point) is that he (‘Ali) is the most knowledgeable of mankind after the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him.”

The answer is that the Ahl al-Sunnah reject that and say what their scholars unanimously agree upon thatthe most knowledgeable of mankind after the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, was Abu Bakr, then ‘Umar . Several people have mentioned the consensus upon the fact that Abu Bakr was the most knowledgeable of all the Sahabah altogether.247

It is one thing to make a claim. It is another for it to be valid. In exactly what way was Abu Bakr, for instance, more knowledgeable thanAmir al-Muminin ,‘alaihi al-salam ? ‘Ali is the best judge of this entireUmmah – a far better judge than either Abu Bakr or ‘Umar. Justice dispensation, of course, requires very advanced knowledge of the Qur’an and Sunnah. SinceAmir al-Muminin was a better judge than both Abu Bakr and ‘Umar, he definitely had better knowledge of the Book of Allah and the traditions of His Messenger,sallallahu ‘alaihi wa alihi , than the duo.

Moreover, while ‘Ali had perfect knowledge of the Qur’an and Sunnah, as well as that of all previous Scriptures and Sunnahs, and issued public challenges to this effect, neither Abu Bakr nor ‘Umar even knew the meaning of “herbage” in the Book of Allah! ‘Umar, in particular, lacked knowledge of such topics in Islamic jurisprudence astayammum ,kalalah ,riba , inheritance of the grandfather, and whether pregnancy could be only for six months or not! Yet, he was supposedly more knowledgeable than ‘Ali according to the weird logic of some folks.

Our dear Shaykh has cited a general Sunni clerical consensus about Abu Bakr’s scientific superiority over theUmmah . The key question, however, is whether the Messenger of Allah was part of this consensus. If he was not, then such an agreement lacks any merit. Imam Ahmad (d. 241 H) records the Prophet’s opinion on the matter:

حدثنا عبد الله حدثني أبي ثنا أبو أحمد ثنا خالد يعني بن طهمان عن نافع بن أبي نافع عن معقل بن يسار قال: وضأت النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم ذات يوم فقال هل لك في فاطمة رضي الله عنها تعودها فقلت نعم فقام متوكئا علي فقال أما انه سيحمل ثقلها غيرك ويكون أجرها لك قال فكأنه لم يكن على شيء حتى دخلنا على فاطمة عليها السلام فقال لها كيف تجدينك قالت والله لقد اشتد حزني واشتدت فاقتي وطال سقمي قال أبو عبد الرحمن

وجدت في كتاب أبي بخط يده في هذا الحديث قال أو ما ترضين أني زوجتك أقدم أمتي سلما وأكثرهم علما وأعظمهم حلما

‘Abd Allah (b. Ahmad) – my father (Ahmad b. Hanbal) - Abu Ahmad – Khalid b. Tahman – Nafi’ b. Abi Nafi’ – Ma’qil b. Yasar:

I was with the Prophet, peace be upon him, one day. Then he said, “Would you like to visit Faṭimah, may Allah be pleased with her?” I said, “Yes.” So, he stood up, leaning on me, and said, “But, someone else apart from you will soon bear its weight and its reward will be for you.” It was as though I was carrying nothing until we entered upon Faṭimah, peace be upon her. He (the Prophet) said to her, “How do you feel?” She answered, “By Allah, my grief has intensified, my want has worsened and my sickness has lasted long.” He said, “Are you not satisfied that I have married you to the one who was the first of myUmmah to accept Islam,and the most knowledgeable of them , and the most clement of them?”248

Imam al-Haythami (d. 807 H) states about this report:

رواه أحمد والطبراني برجال وثقوا

Ahmad and al-Tabarani recorded itwith narrators who have (all) been graded thiqah (trustworthy) .249

At another place, al-Haythami again comments on the samehadith with the same chain:

رواه أحمد والطبراني وفيه خالد بن طهمان وثقه أبو حاتم وغيره وبقية رجاله ثقات

Ahmad and al-Tabarani narrated it.In the chain is Khalid b. Tahman. Abu Hatim and others declared him thiqah (trustworthy) . The remaining narrators are (all)thiqah (trustworthy).250

But Shaykh al-Arnauṭ disagrees:

إسناده ضعيف

Its chain isdha’if .251

Strangely, al-Arnauṭ gives no reason for his verdict, especially in the case of such a sensitivehadith ! Meanwhile ‘Allamah al-Albani (d. 1420 H) seems to have noticed this omission. In his al-DHa’ifah, after quoting the exact report above, the ‘Allamah states:

أخرجه أحمد (5/ 26) ، ومن طريقه ابن عساكر (12/ 89/ 1) .

قلت: وهذا إسناد ضعيف؛ رجاله ثقات؛ غير خالد بن طهمان؛ فضعفه الأكثرون. وقال ابن معين: "ضعيف خلط قبل موته بعشر سنين، وكان قبل ذلك ثقة".

Ahmad (5/26) recorded it, and from his route Ibn Asakir (12/89/1).

I say:This chain is dha’if. Its narrators are thiqah (trustworthy), except Khalid b. Tahman for the majority declared himdha’if . Ib Ma’in said,“He is dha’if. He became confused ten years before his death. But, before that he was thiqah (trustworthy).” 252

So, both Imam al-Haythami and ‘Allamah al-Albani agree that all the narrators except Khalid werethiqah (trustworthy). However, while al-Haythami maintains that even Khalid was graded unconditionallythiqah

(trustworthy), al-Albani argues that the majority actually considered himdha’if . In a rather weird move, ‘Allamah al-Albani makes no attempt to, at least, list out the names of some of these“majority”. The best that he has offered is only one name: Yahya b. Ma’in! Interestingly, the same ‘Allamah even goes ahead to refute himself elsewhere:

وأما أبو العلاء الخفاف واسمه خالد بن طهمان فهو صدوق، لكنه كان اختلط.

As for Abu al-‘Ala al-Khafaf, his name is Khalid b. Tahman,and he is saduq (very truthful), although he became confused .253

This is the correct view, according to al-Hafiz (d. 852 H) as well:

خالد بن طهمان الكوفي وهو خالد بن أبي خالد وهو أبو العلاء الخفاف مشهور بكنيته صدوق رمي بالتشيع ثم اختلط

Khalid b. Tahman al-Kufi, and he is Khalid b. Abi Khalid, and he is Abu al-‘Ala al-Khafaf, well-known with his kunya (nickname):Saduq (very truthful) , accused of Shi’ism.He later became confused .254

Imam al-Dhahabi (d. 748 H) has the same opinion:

خالد بن طهمان أبو العلاء الكوفي، الخفاف عن أنس، وعدة، وعنه الفريابي،وأحمد بن يونس، صدوق شيعي، ضعفه ابن معين.

Khalid b. Tahman Abu al-‘Ala al-Kufi, al-Khafaf, he narrated from Anas and a number (of others) while al-Faryabi and Ahmad b. Yunus (also) narrated from him:Saduq (very truthful) , a Shi’i. Ibn Ma’in declared himdha’if .255

Apparently, Khalid wasthiqah (trustworthy) or at least saduq (very truthful). However, ten years before his death, his memory faded. In line with the Sunnihadith principles, when a reliable narrator with a failed memory transmits a report, we first ask if the specific report under study was narrated by him before or during his illness. If there is clear evidence that he transmitted thehadith during his days with a sound memory, then it is accepted from him unconditionally. However, in all other cases, a further question is asked. Was his memory failure a serious one or not? The answer to that, as we will prove shortly, determines the final step. Meanwhile, ‘Allamah al-Albani here gives explanations on the case of a narrator with a serious memory failure:

قلت: وهو ثقة لولا اختلاطه، ومثله من المختلطين له ثلاث حالات:

1 - أن يعرف أنه حدث بالحديث قبل الاختلاط.

2 - أن يعرف أنه حدث به بعد الاختلاط.

3 - أن لا يعرف عنه لا هذا ولا هذا.

ففي الحالة الأولى فقط يحتج به؛ دون الحالتين الأخريين.

I say: He isthiqah (trustworthy) despite his confusion. A confused narrator like him has three statuses:

1. To know that he narrated thehadith before the confusion.

2. To know that he narrated thehadith during the confusion.

3. Not knowing whether he narrated it before or after.

It is only in the first status that his ahadith are accepted as hujjah (authority), and not in the other two statuses.256

The first question then is: did Khalid narrateHadith al-‘Ilm to Abu Ahmad before his confusion or otherwise?

There is a difference of opinion on this. For instance, Imam al-Ghazali (d. 505 H) states:

ولأحمد والطبراني من حديث معقل بن يسار وضأت النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ذات يوم فقال هل لك في فاطمة تعودها الحديث وفيه أما ترضين أن زوجتك أقدم أمتي سلما وأكثرهم علما وأعظمهم حلما وإسناده صحيح

Ahmad and al-Tabarani narrated from thehadith of Ma’qil b. Yasar: “I helped the Prophet, peace be upon him, to perform ablution one day. Then he said, ‘Would you like to visit Faṭimah?’” Part of thehadith is this: “‘Are you not satisfied that I have married you to the one who was the first of myUmmah to accept Islam,and the most knowledgeable of them , and the most clement of them?’”Its chain is sahih .257

He apparently believes that Abu Ahmad heard thehadith from Khalid before the latter’s confusion. Meanwhile, ‘Allamah al-Albani and Shaykh al-Arnauṭ disagree. To them, he transmitted the report during the last ten years of his life. For the purpose of our research, we stick with the duo. Therefore, we will proceed in our investigation on the basis of an unproved assumption that Khalid narratedHadith al-‘Ilm with a failed memory.

The next question then is: did Khalid have a serious memory problem? Imam Ibn Hibban says “no”:

خالد بن طهمان يخطئ ويهم

Khalid b. Tahman....He made mistakes and hallucinated .258

That expression is used only in mild cases. Where the memory failure is serious, themuhadithun of the Ahl al-Sunnah employ terms like “he made mistakes alot ”259 and “he hallucinated alot ”260 . Khalid did NOT make mistakes alot , and never hallucinated alot . Truly, his memory failure caused him to make mistakes, and to hallucinate. But, things were never serious. His mistakes and hallucinations were only occasional. Therefore, he still transmitted completely authenticahadith during those last ten years of his lifetime. So, ‘Allamah al-Albani tells us about another narrator who was exactly like Khalid:

والجريري- واسمه سعيد بن إياس- محتج به في "الصحيحين "؛ وإن كان اختلط قبل موته بثلاث سنين، ولكن لم يفحش اختلاطه، وكأنه لهذا احتج به ابن حبان في "صحيحه " تبعاً لـ "الصحيحين "، وأكثر هو عنه، فمثله ينبغي أن يحتج به ما لم يظهر خطؤه، فإذا توبع أو كان له شواهد- كما هو الشأن في حديثه هذا-؛ فلا يضر غرابته فيه إن شاء الله تعالى.

Al-Jurayri – and his name is Sa’id b. Iyas – IS RELIED UPON AS A HUJJAH IN THE TWO SAHIHS, despite he became confused three years before his death. HOWEVER, HIS CONFUSION WAS NOT SERIOUS . Perhaps, it was for this reason that Ibn Hibban has (also) relied upon him as

a hujjah in hisSahih , copying the twoSahih s, and has narrated a lot from him.In the case of a narrator like him, it is appropriate to take him as a hujjah where his mistake is not evident . So, where he is supported by another narrator in narrating the same report from the same person, or there are corroborating reports – as in the case of thishadith – then his oddness does no harm to itinsha Allah Ta’la .261

Armed with this information, one can confidently say thatHadith al-‘Ilm , as narrated by Khalid – even without support or corroboration – is at leasthasan in itself. Imam al-Tirmidhi262 and Shaykh Dr. Asad263 also grade the chain of Khalid b. Tahman as hasan, while Imam al-Hakim maintains that hissanad is actually solidlysahih 264 . As such, the verdicts of both ‘Allamah al-Albani and Shaykh al-Arnauṭ concerningHadith al-‘Ilm are hasty and contrary to evidence. What is more? There also are a lot of corroborating reports testifying for thehadith !

‘Allamah al-Hindi (d. 975 H) records one of such corroboratingahadith :

عن علي قال : خطب أبو بكر وعمر فاطمة إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم فأبى رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم عليهما فقال عمر : أنت لها يا علي قال : مالي من شيء إلا درعي وجملي وسيفي فتعرض علي ذات يوم لرسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم فقال : يا علي هل لك من شيء ؟ قال : جملي ودرعي أرهنهما فزوجني رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم فاطمة فلما بلغ فاطمة ذلك بكت فدخل عليها رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم فقال : ما لك تبكين يا فاطمة والله أنكحتك أكثرهم علما وأفضلهم حلما وأقدمهم سلما وفي لفظ : أولهم سلما

Narrated ‘Ali:

Abu Bakr and ‘Umar sought the hand of Faṭimah in marriage from the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him. But, the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, refused their proposals. So, ‘Umar said, “You are for her, O ‘Ali.” He (‘Ali) said, “What do I have apart from my armour, my camel and my sword?” So, ‘Ali approached the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, one day and he (the Prophet) said, “O ‘Ali! Do you have anything?” He replied, “My camel and my armour.” I mortgaged both of them. So, the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, married Faṭimah to me. When the news got to Faṭimah, she wept. As a result, the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, went to her and said, “Why are you weeping, O Faṭimah? I swear by Allah, I have married you tothe most knowledgeable of them , and the most clement of them, and the first of them to accept Islam.”265

Al-Hindi comments:

ابن جرير وصححه والدولابي في الذرية الطاهرة

Ibn Jarir (al-Tabari) recorded itAND DECLARED IT SAHIH . Al-Dawlabi also recorded it inal-Dhurriyah al-Tahirah .266

Imam al-Tabarani (d. 360 H) records another:

حدثنا إسحاق بن إبراهيم الدبري عن عبد الرزاق عن وكيع بن الجراح قال أخبرني شريك عن أبي إسحاق: أن عليا رضي الله عنه لما تزوج فاطمة رضي الله عنها قالت للنبي صلى الله عليه و سلم : زوجتنيه أعيمش عظيم البطن فقال النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم : لقد زوجتكه وإنه لأول وإنه لأول أصحابي سلما وأكثرهم علما وأعظمهم حلما

Ishaq b. Ibrahim al-Dabri – ‘Abd al-Razzaq – Waki’ b. Al-Jarrah – Sharik – Abu Ishaq:

Verily, ‘Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, when he married Faṭimah, may Allah be pleased with her, she said to the Prophet, peace be upon him, “You married me to a bleary-eyed man with a big belly.” So, the Prophet, peace be upon him, said, “I have married you to him because he was the first of my Sahabah to accept Islam,and the most knowledgeable of them , and the most clement of them.”267

Commenting on this report, Imam al-Haythami states:

رواه الطبراني وهو مرسل صحيح الإسناد

Al-Tabarani records it, and it is mursalWITH A SAHIH CHAIN .268

19. Hadith Al-‘Ilm, Proving Its Tawattur

Thishadith has been narrated by a large number of the Sahabah. We will be presenting some of them, within the limits of the length of our book. To save space, we will be quoting only the chains and the words of the Prophet as reported by each Sahabi, except where doing this is unnecessary. Imam Ibn Asakir (d. 571 H) records the firstriwayah :

أخبرنا أبو القاسم بن السمرقندي أنا عاصم بن الحسن بن محمد بن عاصم أنا أبو عمر بن مهدي أنا أبو العباس بن عقدة نا الفضل بن يوسف الجعفي نا محمد بن عكاشة نا أبو المغراء وهو حميد بن المثنى عن يحيى بن طلحة النهدي عن أيوب بن الحز عن أبي إسحاق السبيعي عن الحارث عن علي قال:

إن فاطمة شكت إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال " ألا ترضين أني زوجتك أقدم أمتي سلما وأحلمهم حلما وأكثرهم علما

Abu al-Qasim b. Al-Samarqandi – ‘Asim b. Al-Hasan b. Muhammad b. ‘Asim – Abu ‘Umar b. Mahdi – Abu al-‘Abbas b. ‘Uqdah – al-Fadhl b. Yusuf al-Ju’fi – Muhammad b. ‘Ukashah – Abu al-Maghra Hamid b. Al-Muthanna – Yahya b. Talhah al-Hindi – Ayub b. Al-Hizz – Abu Ishaq al-Shabi’i – al-Harith –‘Ali :

Verily, Faṭimah complained to the Messenger of Allah. So he said, “Are you not pleased that your husband was the first of myUmmah to accept Islam,and the most clement of them, and the most knowledgeable of them” ?269

He records also:

أخبرنا أبو القاسم عبد الصمد بن محمد بن عبد الله أنا أبو الحسن علي بن محمد بن أحمد بن محمد بن موسى قال نا أحمد بن محمد بن سعيد بن عقدة نا أحمد بن يحيى وأحمد بن موسى بن إسحاق قالا نا ضرار بن صرد نا عبد الكريم بن يعفور عن جابر عن أبي الضحى عن مسروق عن عائشة قالت حدثتني فاطمة ابنة محمد أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال لها زوجتك أعلم المؤمنين علما وأقدمهم سلما وأفضلهم حلما

Abu al-Qasim ‘Abd al-Samad b. Muhammad b. ‘Abd Allah – Abu al-Hasan ‘Ali b. Muhammad b. Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Musa – Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Sa’id b. ‘Uqdah – Ahmad b. Yahya and Ahmad b. Musa b. Ishaq – DHarar b. Sird – ‘Abd al-Karim b. Ya’fur – Jabir – Abu al-Duha – Masruq –‘Aishah :

Faṭimah , the daughter of Muhammad, told me that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said to her, “Your husband isthe most knowledgeable of the believers , and the first of them to accept Islam, and the most clement of them.”270

Ibn Asakir proceeds to cite a furthersanad for the report of ‘Aishah from Faṭimah.271 Then he records:

أخبرنا أبو غالب بن البنا أنا أبو محمد الجوهري أنا أبو محمد عبد العزيز بن الحسن بن علي بن أبي صابر نا أبو حبيب العباس بن أحمد بن محمد البرتي نا إسماعيل يعني ابن موسى نا تليد بن سليمان أبو إدريس عن أبي الجحاف عن رجل عن أسماء بنت عميس قالت قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم لفاطمة زوجتك أقدمهم سلما وأعظمهم حلما وأكثرهم علما

Abu Ghalib b. Al-Bana – Abu Muhammad al-Jawhari – Abu Muhammad ‘Abd al-‘Aziz b. Al-Hasan b. ‘Ali b. Abi Sabir – Abu Habib al-‘Abbas b. Ahmad b. Muhammad al-Barti – Isma’il b. Musa – Tulayd b. Sulayman Abu Idris – Abu al-Jihaf – a man –Asma b. ‘Umays :

The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said to Faṭimah: “Your husband was the first of them to accept Islam, and the most clement of them, andthe most knowledgeable of them .”272

Of course, Imam Ahmad documents his own report with ahasan chain:

حدثنا عبد الله حدثني أبي ثنا أبو أحمد ثنا خالد يعني بن طهمان عن نافع بن أبي نافع عن معقل بن يسار قال قال أو ما ترضين أني زوجتك أقدم أمتي سلما وأكثرهم علما وأعظمهم حلما

‘Abd Allah (b. Ahmad) – my father (Ahmad b. Hanbal) - Abu Ahmad – Khalid b. Tahman – Nafi’ b. Abi Nafi’ –Ma’qil b. Yasar :

.... He (the Prophet) said (to Faatimah), “Are you not satisfied that I have married you to the one who was the first of myUmmah to accept Islam,and the most knowledgeable of them , and the most clement of them?”273

Imam Ibn Asakir again records:

أخبرنا أبو نصر بن رضوان وأبو غالب بن البنا وأبو محمد عبد الله بن محمد بن نجا قالوا أنا أبو محمد الجوهري أنا أبو بكر بن مالك نا العباس بن إبراهيم القراطيسي نا محمد بن إسماعيل الأحمسي نا مفضل بن صالح نا جابر الجعفي عن سليمان بن بريدة عن أبيه قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يا فاطمة أما ترضين أني زوجتك أقدمهم سلما وأكثرهم علما وأفضلهم حلما

Abu Nasr b. Ridwan, Abu Ghalib b. Al-Bana and Abu Muhammad ‘Abd Allah b. Muhammad b. Naja – Abu Muhammad al-Jawhari – Abu Bakr b. Malik – al-‘Abbas b. Ibrahim al-Qaraṭisi – Muhammad b. Isma’il al-Ahmasi – Mufadhdhal b. Salih – Jabir al-Ju’fi – Sulayman b. Buraydah –his father (Buraydah) :

The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said... “O Faṭimah! Are you not pleased that your husband was the first of them to accept Islam,and the most knowledgeable of them , and the most clement of them?”274

Imam al-Tabarani (d. 360 H) has a relevant report too:

حدثنا محمد بن عثمان بن أبي شيبة ثنا محمد بن عبيد المحاربي ثنا عبد الكريم بن يعقوب عن جابر عن أبي الطفيل قال : قالت عائشة : اشتكى رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم في بيتي فأتته فاطمة تمشي والذي نفس عائشة بيده كأن مشيتها مشية رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم فسارها رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم فبكت ثم سارها فضحكت فقلت : ما رأيت كاليوم ضحكا أقرب من بكاء فقلت : يا فاطمة أخبريني ما قال لك ؟ قالت : ما كنت أفعل وقد رأى رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم مكانك فلما توفي رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم سألها فقالت : أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم قال : إن جبريل كان يعارضني بالقرآن في كل سنة مرة وقد عارضني به العام مرتين ولا أراني إلا مدعوا به فأجيب فاتقي الله قالت : فجزعت ثم سارني فقال : أما ترضين أن زوجك أول المسلمين إسلاما وأعلمهم علما فإنك سيدة نساء أمتي كما سادت مريم نساء قومها

Muhammad b. ‘Uthman b. Abi Shaybah – Muhammad b. ‘Ubayd al-Muharibi – ‘Abd al-Karim b. Ya’qub – Jabir – Abu al-Tufayl -‘Aishah :

The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, complained in my room. So, Faṭimah came to him, walking. I swear by the One in Whose Hand is ‘Aishah’s life, her style of walking was the same as that of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him. Therefore, the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, told her something privately. She therefore wept. Then he told her another thing privately, and she laughed. So, I said, “I do not think it is appropriate to laugh on a day like this, which is more deserving of weeping.”

I said, “O Faṭimah, tell me what he told you.” She replied, “I will not as long as the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, sees your place (i.e. is alive).” Therefore, when the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, passed away, I asked her, and she said, “The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: ‘Verily, Jibril used to present the Qur’an to me once every year, but has presented it twice to me this year. I do not see except that I have been called (into the Presence of Allah) and I will answer (i.e. die soon). Therefore, fear Allah.’ So, I became sad. Then he told me privately and said, ‘Are you not pleased that your husband was the first of all Muslims to accept Islam,and the most knowledgeable of them ? For verily you are the mistress of the women of myUmmah , as Maryam was the mistress of the women of her people?’”275

Imam al-Daraquṭni (d. 385 H) is not left out either:

وسئل عن حديث أبي إسحاق، عن البراء، عن فاطمة بنت رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم، لما زوجها عليا قالت: زوجتنيه أحمش الساقين، عظيم البطن فقال: إنه لأولهم إسلاما، وأكثرهم علما، وأعظمهم حلما.

فقال: يرويه أبو إسحاق السبيعي، واختلف عنه؛ فرواه عمر بن المثنى، سئل الشيخ عنه، فقال: لا أعرفه إلا في هذا عن أبي إسحاق، عن البراء. وخالفه إسحاق بن إبراهيم الأزدي، شيخ كوفي من الشيعة؛ فرواه عن أبي إسحاق، عن زيد بن أرقم.

He was asked about thehadith of Abu Ishaq, from al-Bara, fromFaṭimah , daughter of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him:

When ‘Ali married her, she said (to her father), “You have married me to someone with excited legs, and a big belly.” So, he (the Prophet) replied, “Verily, he was the first of them to accept Islam, and the most knowledgeable of them, and the most clement of them.”

He (al-Daraquṭni) said: “Abu Ishaq al-Sabi’i narrated it, and it is differently narrated from him. So, ‘Umar b. Al-Muthanna narrated it.” The Shaykh (al-Daraquṭni) was asked about him, and he replied, “I do not know him except in this (hadith) from Abu Ishaq, from al-Bara. But Ishaq b. Ibrahim al-Azdi, a Kufan Shi’i Shaykh, narrated differently from him and narrated it from Abu Ishaq fromZayd b. Arqam .276

Let’s see what ‘Allamah al-Khawarazmi (d. 568 H) has on the matter as well:

وأخبرني شهردار هذا إجازة، أخبرنا عبدوس هذا كتابة، حدثنا أبو طالب، حدثنا ابن مردويه، حدثنا أحمد بن محمد بن عاصم، حدثنا عمران بن عبد الرحيم، حدثنا أبو الصلت الهروي، حدثنا حسين بن حسن الأشقر، حدثنا قيس، عن الأعمش، عن عباية بن ربعي، عن أبي أيوب: ان النبي صلى الله عليه وآله مرض مرضة فأتته فاطمة تعوده فلما رأت ما برسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله من الجهد والضعف استعبرت فبكت حتى سالت الدموع على خديها، فقال لها رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله: يا فاطمة ان لكرامة الله عز وجل إياك زوجك من أقدمهم سلما " وأكثرهم علما " وأعظمهم حلما "

Shahrdar – ‘Abdaws – Abu Talib – Ibn Mardawayh – Ahmad b. Muhammad b. ‘Asim – ‘Imran b. ‘Abd al-Rahim – Abu al-Salt al-Harwi – Husayn b. Hasan al-Ashqari – Qays – al-A’mash – ‘Ibayah b, Rab’i –Abu Ayub :

The Prophet, peace be upon him and his family, was sick. So, Faṭimah visited him. When she saw how the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him and his family, was, in terms of struggle and weakness, she shed tears and wept till there were tears on her cheeks. Therefore, the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him and his family, said, “O Faṭimah! It is through Allah’s Honour of you that your husband was the first of them to accept Islam,and the most knowledgeable of them , and the most clement of them.”277

Imam al-Dhahabi (d. 748 H) says about al-Khawarazmi:

الموفق بن أحمد بن محمد أبو المؤيد المكي، العلامة، خطيب خوارزم.

Al-Muwaffaq b. Ahmad b. Muhammad, Abu Muayyad al-Makki: The‘allamah (great scholar), the preacher of Khawarazm.278

So, let us return to ‘Allamah al-Khawarazmi:

وأنبأني مهذب الأئمة أبو المظفر عبد الملك بن علي بن محمد الهمداني - نزيل بغداد - أخبرنا محمد بن عبد الباقي بن محمد الأنصاري وأبو القاسم هبة الله بن عبد الواحد بن الحصين، قالا: أخبرنا أبو القاسم علي بن المحسن التنوخي اذنا، أخبرنا أبو بكر أحمد بن إبراهيم بن عبد الصمد بن الحسن بن محمد بن شاذان البزاز، حدثنا أبو بكر محمد بن الحسن بن الحسين بن الخطاب بن فرات بن حيان العجلي - قراءة علينا من لفظه ومن كتابه -حدثنا الحسن بن محمد الصفار الضرير، حدثنا عبد الوهاب بن جابر، حدثنا محمد بن عمير، عن أيوب، عن عاصم الأحول، عن ابن سيرين، عن أم سلمة وسلمان الفارسي وعلي بن أبي طالب عليه السلام قال: لما أدركت فاطمة بنت رسول الله مدرك النساء فقال لها رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله : ان زوجتك أقدمهم سلما وأكثرهم علما وأعظمهم حلما

Abu al-Muzaffar ‘Abd al-Malik b. ‘Ali b. Muhammad al-Hamdani – Muhammad b. ‘Abd al-Baqi b. Muhammad al-Ansari and Abu al-Qasim Habat Allah b. ‘Abd al-Wahid b. al-Husayn – Abu al-Qasim ‘Ali b. al-Husayn al-Tanukhi – Abu Bakr Ahmad b. Ibrahim b. ‘Abd al-Samad b. al-Hasan b. Muhammad b. Shadhan al-Bazaz – Abu Bakr Muhammad b. al-Hasan b. al-Husayn b. al-Khaṭṭab b. Furat b. Hayyan al-‘Ijli – al-Hasan b. Muhammad al-Saffar al-DHarir – ‘Abd al-Wahhab b. Jabir – Muhammad b. ‘Umayr – Ayub – ‘Asim al-Ahwal – Ibn Sirin –Umm Salamah, Salman al-Farisi and‘Ali b. Abi Talib , peace be upon him:

When Faṭimah, daughter of the Messenger of Allah, attained womanhood So, the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him and his family, said to her: “... Verily, your husband was the first of them to accept Islam,and the most knowledgeable of them , and the most clement of them.”279

Imam al-Jahiz (d. 255 H) even has some further crucial information:

وروى عبيد الله بن موسى والفضل بن دكين والحسن بن عطية قالوا: حدثنا خالد بن طهمان عن نافع بن أبي نافع عن معقل بن يسار قال فقال لها: أما ترضين أنى زوجتك أقدم أمتي سلما، وأكثرهم علما، وأفضلهم حلما؟ قالت: بلى، رضيت يا رسول الله.

وقد روى هذا الخبر يحيى بن عبد الحميد، وعبد السلام بن صالح، عن قيس بن الربيع عن أبي أيوب الأنصاري بألفاظه أو نحوها

وروى عبد السلام بن صالح عن إسحاق الأزرق عن جعفر بن محمد عن آبائه أن

رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم لما زوج فاطمة فقال: يا فاطمة، إن الله أمرني فأنكحتك أقدمهم سلما، وأكثرهم علما، وأعظمهم حلما....

قال: وقد روى هذا الخبر جماعة من الصحابة منهم أسماء بنت عميس، وأم أيمن

وابن عباس، وجابر بن عبد الله.

‘Ubayd Allah b. Musa, al-Fadhl b. Dukayn and al-Hasan b. ‘Aṭiyyah – Khalid b. Tahman – Nafi’ b. Abi Nafi’ –Ma’qil b. Yasar : He (the Prophet) said to her (Faṭimah): “Are you not satisfied that I have married you to the one who was the first of myUmmah to accept Islam,and the most knowledgeable of them , and the most clement of them?” She replied, “I am pleased, O Messenger of Allah.”

This report has been narrated by Yahya b. ‘Abd al-Hamid and ‘Abd al-Salam b. Salih from Qays b. al-Rabi’ fromAbu Ayub al-Ansari with its text or a similar one.

‘Abd al-Salam b. Salih further narrated from Ishaq al-Azraq from Ja’far b. Muhammad (al-Sadiq) from his ancestors (Muhammad b. ‘Ali – ‘Ali b. Husayn – Husayn b. ‘Ali –‘Ali b. Abi Talib ):

The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him said, “O Faṭimah! Verily, Allah has commanded me to marry you to the first of them to accept Islam,and the most knowledgeable of them , and the most clement of them....

He (al-Jahiz) said: This report was narrated by a group of the Sahabah. Among them wereAsma b. ‘Umays, Umm Ayman, Ibn ‘Abbas, and Jabir b. ‘Abd Allah .280

Imam Ibn Asakir has the closing report:

أخبرنا جدي أبو المفضل يحي بن علي أنا أبو القاسم على بن محمد أنا أبو الحسن علي بن محمد أنا أبو الحسن علي بن أحمد بن محمد بن داود الرزاز نا أبو عمرو عثمان بن أحمد بن السماك نا عبد الله بن روح المدائني نا سلام بن سليمان المدائني نا عمر بن المثنى عن أبي إسحاق عن أنس بن مالك قال قالت فاطمة زوجتني عليا حمش الساقين عظيم البط قليل المشي فقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم زوجتك يا بنية أعظمهم حلما وأقدمهم سلما وأكثرهم علما

My grandfather Abu al-Fadhl Yahya b. ‘Ali – Abu al-Qasim ‘Ali b. Muhammad – Abu al-Hasan ‘Ali b. Muhammad – Abu al-Hasan ‘Ali b. Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Dawud al-Razaz – Abu ‘Amr ‘Uthman b. Ahmad b. al-Simak – ‘Abd Allah b. Ruh al-Madaini – Salam b. Sulayman al-Madaini – ‘Umar b. al-Muthanna – Abu Ishaq –Anas b. Malik :

Faṭimah said, “You have married me to ‘Ali with excited legs, and a big belly, and who hardly walks.” So, the Prophet, peace be upon him, replied, “I have married you, my daughter, to the most clement of them, and the first of them to accept Islam,and the most knowledgeable of them .”281

The following are therefore the Sahabah who have narratedHadith al-‘Ilm :

1. ‘Aishah bint Abi Bakr

2. ‘Ali b. Abi Talib

3. Abu Ayub al-Ansari

4. Anas b. Malik

5. Asma bint ‘Umays

6. Buraydah

7. Fatimah b. Muhammad

8. Ibn ‘Abbas

9. Jabir b. ‘Abd Allah al-Ansari

10. Ma’qil b. Yasar

11. Salman al-Farisi

23. Umm Ayman

12. Umm Salamah

13. Zayd b. Arqam

This fact makes thehadith mutawatir , and therefore absolutely true, far above even the level ofsahih ahadith !

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