THE MESNEVĪ (USUALLY KNOWN AS THE MESNEVĪYI SHERĪF, OR HOLY MESNEVĪ)

THE MESNEVĪ (USUALLY KNOWN AS THE MESNEVĪYI SHERĪF, OR HOLY MESNEVĪ)0%

THE MESNEVĪ (USUALLY KNOWN AS THE MESNEVĪYI SHERĪF, OR HOLY MESNEVĪ) Author:
Translator: JAMES W. REDHOUSE
Publisher: www.sacred-texts.com
Category: Persian Language and Literature

THE MESNEVĪ (USUALLY KNOWN AS THE MESNEVĪYI SHERĪF, OR HOLY MESNEVĪ)

This book is corrected and edited by Al-Hassanain (p) Institue for Islamic Heritage and Thought

Author: Molana Rumi
Translator: JAMES W. REDHOUSE
Publisher: www.sacred-texts.com
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THE MESNEVĪ (USUALLY KNOWN AS THE MESNEVĪYI SHERĪF, OR HOLY MESNEVĪ)

THE MESNEVĪ (USUALLY KNOWN AS THE MESNEVĪYI SHERĪF, OR HOLY MESNEVĪ)

Author:
Publisher: www.sacred-texts.com
English

This book is corrected and edited by Al-Hassanain (p) Institue for Islamic Heritage and Thought


X.

Husāmu-’d-Dīn, Light of the Truth, take up, my friend,

A sheet, that thou a Teacher's virtues mayst append.

True, thou’rt not strong; thy frame is delicate, at best;

But thou’rt the sun that lights my thoughts to their safe nest.

Thou art both lamp and lantern, all in one. Dost see?

Guide to my heart's behests, clue to my wish thou’rt he.

Their thread is in thy hand; thy guidance can it shift;

The pearls upon it strung are gems, thy soul's free gift.

Write down the qualities by which a Teacher's known.

5 Select thy Teacher first; then, follow all he's shown.

A Teacher's summer's glow; cold winter, crowd terrene;

The rabble's darkness self; the Teacher, moon serene.

Young Fortune have I named my Teacher, for the nonce;-

Young Fortune, truth's real Teacher; vigorous at once.

An ancient Teacher he; commencement he ne’er had;

A solitary pearl;-all peerless, never sad.

Increase of age gives wine fresh strength, as well is known;

Especially truth's wine, that flows from God's high throne.

Select a Teacher, then. Without such, travel's vain;

10 The way is dangerous,-beset with evil's train.

By well-known road, though travelled many times before,

Without a guide to venture, opens peril's door.

How then an unknown path thou ne’er hast followed yet?

Go not alone, without a guide;-act not in fret.

Unless thy Teacher be at hand to lead thee right,

The clamours of the demons surely thee’ll affright.

Those demons will mislead thee, into danger cast;

More clever ones than thou have lost their wits at last.

Learn from the Prophet's words the error of their ways;

How Satan led them far astray in bygone days.15

From off the track to all that's good he them misled;

Them carried off; them rendered blind, by vain thoughts fed.

Behold their bones, their skeletons, along the road!

Take warning thence. Drive not thy beast with maddening goad!

Dismount; and to the rightful path safe lead him back,

Where guides abound,-experienced travellers dot the track.

Leave not thy beast; his rein loose not thou from thy hand.

His inclination is to wander o’er the land.

One moment only leave him carelessly to roam;

Towards the pastures he at once will rush, all foam.20

Thy beast is not a friend to travelling by the road.

How many muleteers through this have lost a load!

Know'st not the way? Observe which path thy beast would take,

And follow the reverse. Secure this will thee make.

"Consult thou them;" 1 but then, do not what they advise;

For he who them opposes not, to ruin hies.

Lend not thyself to lust and fancy's every wind;

For these are what lead men astray; to God's truth blind.

There's nothing in the world that better curbs the lusts,

25 Than holy company. Protected, he who trusts.

The Prophet said to ‘Alī: "Cousin, list to me.

The 'Lion of the Truth' 1 art thou; a hero. See!

Trust not too much, however, to thy courage, sole;

Confide, much rather, on God's aim to keep thee whole.

Put faith in aid from His divine, omniscient mind,

That never can be baffled by disputant blind.

His shadow on the earth is what keeps it in place;

His spirit, sunbird-like, soars in supernal space.

Were I to speak His praises until judgment day,

30 No end, no interruption, would admit my say.

Himself He's veiled in man, as sun behind a cloud.

This seek to comprehend. God knows what mysteries shroud.

The sun He is;-the sun of spirit, not of sky;

By light from Him man lives;-and angels eke, forby.

Then, ‘Ali, of all service man can offer here,

Do thou choose trust in God, dependence firm, sincere.

Each man betakes himself some special worship to;

And each some special friend selects, without ado.

Do thou take refuge in God's wisdom, full, divine;

35 He'll foil the secret foe that would thee undermine.

Of all the modes of worship, this choose thou, the best;

Thou’lt distance all competitors, the prize thou’lt wrest.

Thy Teacher having chosen thus, obedience yield,

Implicit; even as Moses journeying o’er that field. 2

Whate’er events betide, beware, and question not;

For fear thy guide should turn, and drive thee from the spot. 3

Should He destroy a ship, 4-no murmur from thy mouth;

Should He an infant choke, 5-let slip no word uncouth.

God hath declared his hand is like the hand of God,

By saying: "God's right hand above all hands doth plod.' 140

God's hand it is that kills him; makes him living, too.

But what is living? The everlasting spirit. Lo!

Whoever journeys, now and then, this road alone,

The prayers of saints it is leads him to safety's zone.

A saint's protection is not less than angel's aid;

His help is God's right hand, when all is truly said.

Now, if an absent saint have such portentous power,

A present Teacher's honour sure must higher tower.

If for the absent tempting viands are prepared,

For present guests what may not largely be outshared?45

The varlet who to serve his lord is present there,

Must rank before the absentee, for goodly fare.

Thus, having Teacher chosen, be not too thin-skinned,

Nor wishy-washy, to a muddy puddle kinned.

For every buffet, see thou do not umbrage take:

How can a mirror polished be, unless it bear a shake?"

Hear now this pregnant tale narrators have preserved;

A practice it relates in Qazwīn much observed:

Upon the breast, the arms, the bladebones, and the like,

With needle's point and indigo, tattooed designs they strike.50

A certain Qazwīn bully to an artist hied,

To have a brave design imprinted on his hide.

The artist first inquired what pattern he'd select.

The man a lion rampant thought he must elect;

And said: "My luck resides in Leo,-lion-sign;

Depict thou then a lion, deep-blue stained, benign."

The artist then demanded where he'd wish it done;

Our man replied: "Between my bladebones it enthrone."

The artist then began to ply his needles’ train;

The Qazwīn bully bellowed, smarting with the pain.55

The artist he addressed: "Most clever man of skill,

Thou’lt drive me mad. What picture works me so much ill?"

Said he: "A lion's form is what thou didst enjoin."

"O yes!" replied the bully. "What part dost thou coin?"

The artist: "At the tail have I commenced this time."

Our man: "O never mind the tail, designer prime!

Your lion's tail has whacked me on my rump so hard,

That I've no power to breathe, nor such pain disregard.

Allow thy lion to remain without a tail;

60 Thy needles have unnerved me with their sharp assail."

The artist then began upon another part,

And worked his instruments. They soon induced new smart.

The patient screamed again: "What member limnest thou now?"

Our artist answered: "’Tis the lion's ear, I trow."

His man replied: "O leave him without ears this time;

An earless lion's not so bad. Cut short the rhyme."

Anew the artist on a part assayed his hand.

Afresh the bully interfered, by pain unmanned.

"What part art now at work on? Say, my worthy friend!"

65 "O," said the artist, "now his body I append."

"Leave out his body!" gasped the suffering Qazwīn man;

"The pain's unbearable. Make short work, as thou can."

The artist now quite lost his wits, as well he might;

He scratched his head; sought how to mend his plight;

Dashed all his needles, indigo, design, to earth;

In anger saying: "What the plague's come now to birth?

A lion tailless, headless, bodiless, who's seen?

God such a lion ne’er created, sure, I ween!"

Have patience, thou too, brother, with thy needle's smart.

So shalt thou ’scape the sting of conscience in thy heart.70

They who have conquered,-freed themselves from body's thrall,

Are worshipped in the spheres, the sun, the moon, stars, all.

Whoever's killed pride's demon in his earthly frame,

The sun and clouds are slaves, to do his bidding, tame.

His heart can lessons give of flaming to the lamp;

The very sun not equals him in ardent vamp.

For God hath said, in speaking of the scorching sun,

These words: "It swerved from them." 1 It had new course to run.

The sharpest thorns are welcome, as the roseleaf soft,

To finite who to th’ Infinite can soar aloft.75

What signifies to glorify the Lord of heaven;

To humble self to dust; with meekness, pride to leaven?

What use to learn to formulate God's unity;

What use to bow one's self before. the Deity?

Wouldst shine as brilliantly in sight of all?

Annihilate thy darksome self, thy being's pall.

Let thy existence in God's essence be enrolled,

As copper in alchemist's bath is turned to gold.

Quit "I" and "We," which o’er thy heart exert control.

’Tis egotism, estranged from God, that clogs thy soul.80

Footnotes

m213:1 Qur’ān iii. 153.

m214:1 ‘Alī's title is " The victorious Lion of God."

m214:2 This journey is recounted in Qur’ān xviii. 64-82.

m214:3 Qur’ān xviii. 69.

m214:4 Qur’ān xviii. 70.

m214:5 Qur’ān xviii. 73.

m215:1 Qur’ān xlviii. 10.

m217:1 Qur’ān xviii. 16.




XI.

A lion, wolf, and fox together went to hunt;

Among the hills, in quest of game, they turned their brunt.

By mutual help and aid, they hoped to make the field

Too hot for other animals not under union's shield.

Co-operating with each other, they surmised,

A heavy bag they each would make of what each prized.

’Tis true, the noble lion felt of this ashamed.

Still, he politely showed towards them his spirit tamed.

A king feels inconvenienced by throngs of troops;

5 But out of kindness makes them share his warlike swoops

The sun would feel ashamed, did stars with him appear;

’Tis generous in the sun to grace the starry sphere.

’Twas God's command to Ahmed still: "With them consult." 1

True, they gave no advice; no counsel did result.

Upon the balance barley's weighed, as well as gold;

But barley, thence, has not acquired gold's value told.

The spirit with the flesh is fellow-traveller now;

A dog has sometimes charge of palace-yard below.

The company, then, set out for the woods amain,

10 As followers of the lion's majesty, and train.

A mountain-ox, an ibex, next a hare, they took;

Since fortune smiled on them in each succeeding nook.

A lion's followers on the plain of strife and war,

Of food, by day or night, shall know no want, no bar.

Their prey they carried from the hills into the plain;

Or dead, or sorely wounded;-bleeding, or clean slain.

The wolf and fox were moved to pitch of keen desire,

To see the prey shared out with justice by their sire.15

The shade of their cupidity caught Leo's eye,

He understood their confidence, their longing's dye.

Whoe’er has insight to the hearts and minds of men,

Knows at a glance what's passing under his sharp ken.

Beware, O heart, thou ever-fond one, in his sight,

Thy secret to betray,-thy wish to bring to light!

He knows it all, though ignorance he may pretend;-

His smile is but a veil thy aim to comprehend.

The lion, having measured all their secret thought,

Made no remark; he knew how they could both be bought;20

Within his breast revolved their fitting punishment:

"I'll show you, my fine fellows, what's bylion meant.

My pleasure's, for you both, what you should seek to know;

Not calculate beforehand what I may bestow.

Your every thought should but reflect my sovereign will,

And thankfully await what I may give you still.

Have pictures aught to say to guide the artist's hand?

His cunning ’tis decides what portrait shall expand.

So all your paltry surmise of my royal mind

An insult is,-an arrogance,-that must be fined.25

'They who conceive an evil thing of God' 1 are cursed;

And if I spare you, justice will be clean reversed.

To rid the world of scandal, I must end your lives;

Your story shall a moral point; whoe’er contrives."

With this he smiled again most grimly on the pair.

Trust not a lion's smile, all ye to live who care.

The riches of the world are smiles of Providence;

They make men proud, and lead them to their fate prepense.

Through poverty and suffering we may escape

30 The trap that riches bait; and so avoid the scrape.

The lion now addressed the wolf: "Share out the spoil.

Do justice to us all. Thou’rt versed in cunning's foil.

Be thou my factor. Carve the game as may be fit.

So shalt thou honour win from all who see thy wit."

The wolf then: "Royal Sir, the mountain-ox is thine.

Thou’rt great; the ox is large and fat; let none repine.

The ibex is my share. As I, so it's the mean.

And thou, O fox, shalt have the hare. ’Tis not too lean."

The lion interposed: "Wolf! What is this thou’st said?

35 I present; and to talk of ' thou ' and 'I,' so staid I

What rubbish is a wolf, to deem himself a judge

In presence of a lion, who'll soon make him budge?

Come hither, ass! Thyself alone it is thou’st sold!"

With this he tears the wolf to pieces, all too bold.

He saw the wolf had not one grain of common sense;

So stripped him of his hide, his life, his brain so dense.

Then said: "Since sight of me chased not all thought of self

From thee, death by my paw was due, thou wretched elf!

Thyself thou shouldst have vanquished in my presence dread.

40 Not having done so, thou’rt now numbered with the dead."

"All perisheth, except His counsel" ’s holy writ. 1

If we're not of "His counsel," life cannot us fit.

He that will lose his life for God's sake, hath it still;

"All perisheth" hath then no power his soul to kill.

He's of th’ excepted; not of those to perish doomed.

For, who's excepted, saved is he. His spring hath bloomed.

But he that, in God's court, of "me" and "thee" shall prate,

Will be cut off;-far banished from the heavenly gate.

A man once came and gaily knocked at a friend's door.

The other asked: "Who's there? Is this a threshing-floor?"45

"’Tis I," said he. "O then thou straight mayest go away.

’Tis dinner-time. Mature, not crude, must be who'd stay.

Thou’rt thou? Most crude thou art; by rawness’ self estranged.

By fire of trial those crude humours must be changed.

’Tis fire matures the crude. Let absence be the fire,

Shall purge thee of thyself, burn out all selfish mire."

Away he went in anguish; travelled a whole year;

Saw not his friend; so pined with yearning, anxious fear;

Matured his soul with suffering's searching throes and pains.

Then sought the door from whence he'd been repulsed, again.50

He knocked anew,-his heart with many fears oppressed,

Lest from his lip some word unwelcome drop confessed.

Within, the question's heard: "Who knocks at my street door?"

He answered: "Thy own second self;-though all too poor."

The invitation followed: "Let myself walk in.

My cot's too small for two selves to find room therein.

The thread's not double in a needle's single eye.

As thou’rt now single, enter. Room thou’lt find. Pray, try!"

The thread and needle have relation, each to each;

55 For needle's eye a camel's far beyond all reach.

How shall a camel ever be so fine and slim

Unless long fasting his redundant flesh should skim?

The hand of God is wanted, then, to make it pass

The God who by His word creates both man and grass.

Impossibilities are possibles to Him;

The stubbornest is docile when His will curbs whim.

The blind from birth, the leper, e’en the dead, arise,

Whole, sound, whene’er th’ Omnipotent "Come forth" but cries.

E’en non-existence, death of death, at His command,

60 Starts into life, compelled by His supreme demand.

Recite, my friend: "Each day He's busied with a work:" 1

And know, He's never idle, unemployed to lurk.

His smallest daily toil,-a work like pleasure still,-

Is to send forth three armies, bound to work His will.

One, from the loins of spheres the elements to stir;

So that all plants may vegetate, from moss to fir.

One, from the wombs of mothers to earth's surface prone,

That male and female may increase, not lie like stone.

The third hence wends its way to sepulchre's dread bourn,

65 There to receive, at length, reward; and joy, or mourn.

Leave we this theme;-’tis endless,-never would have done.

Let's see, now, how the friends enjoyed themselves alone.

Our host invites his guest to enter, free from scorn:

"Thou’rt welcome, self of mine! We're not like rose and thorn.

Our thread is single,-free from knots and tangle; done,

As 'Be,' though duplex as to form, in sense is one."

That "Be" ’s a rope, of power collective, to the end

That nullity may be united to a friend.

Thus duplex means are wanted, for appearances;

Though, in effect, one means there be of all that is.70

The biped, as the quadruped, goes but one road.

The one-edged knife, the two-edged shears, make one inroad.

Observe yon pair of bleachers at their daily toil.

Apparently, they differ, combat, as they moil.

The one's for ever wetting cloths in their stream's tide,

The other dries them just as fast in hot noontide.

The first, again to soak the scarce-dried cloths makes haste;

As though in opposition to his partner's waste.

But, in reality, the two have but one aim:

Co-operation's what they jointly, both proclaim.75

Each prophet, every saint, has his especial rite;

But, as all tend to God, they're one, multipartite.

Sleep overcomes alike the followers of all creeds;

As water makes all mills to turn and grind, at needs.

The water flows from upwards, down upon the mill;

Its flowing through the trough is but man's wants to fill.

No sooner has man's need been fully satisfied,

He turns the water off;-straight in its bed it's tied.

To teach men wisdom, stream of speech flows through the mouth;

But spirit hath another course, far less uncouth.80

Without a voice or repetition it rolls on,

As through elysium, streams;-flowers springing aye, anon.

O Lord! Do Thou vouchsafe to my weak, erring soul

To see the realm where, voiceless, spirit thoughts may stroll,

That so my mind, in glee, on foot or head, may wing

Its flight to the far bourn that parts from nothing, thing,

Careering o’er the boundless fields of ecstasy,

Where fancy joins reality in entity.

Far-reaching more ’s nonentity than fancy's stretch;

85 And thus, his fancy is a source of woe to wretch.

Then, being's narrower far than fancy's power of wing;

E’en as the full moon wanes, till it becomes a string.

The world of matter and its forms is narrower still;

A prison all too strait for mind to have its will.

Plurality and composition are the cause;

Our senses these alone can comprehend, and pause.

Beyond our senses lies the world of unity.

Desirest thou unity? Beyond thy senses fly!

Divine command, "Be!" was one act; two-lettered word;

90 Of grave import, though short, sprung from all being's Lord.

But leave we this, and turn to see how fares it now,

With our acquaintances, wolf, fox, and lion;-trow.

The lordly lion ’d torn poor wolf's head from his tail,

That so two heads there might not be for one avail.

"On them We vengeance took" 1 ’s a well-known sacred text;

Wherefore, poor wolf, not quash thyself, when lion's next?

The lion turned, then, to the fox, and bade him share

The prey they'd seized; that they might make a meal, not spare.

The wily fox, low bowing with a reverence meet,

95 Said: "Sire, the ox your share is, for your breakfast treat.

The ibex, then, will suffice for your midday lunch,

To serve as stop-gap in the interval of munch.

The hare a light repast will furnish ere you sleep;

The royal paunch from indigestion's pains ’twill keep."

The lion answered: "Well said, fox. Thou’rt justice’ self.

Who taught thee with such judgment rare to portion pelf?

Where didst thou learn to do full justice with great art?"

Said he: "My Lord, to teach me was that dead wolf's part."

The lion thus replied: "For us much love thou’st shown.

Take thou all three unto thyself, as very own.100

Good fox! Thou’st given up thyself entire, for us.

Why should I injure thee? Thou’rt I myself. No fuss!

Myself am thine; the prey is thine; all,-every bit.

Exalt thy head above the spheres. For that thou’rt fit.

Thou’st taken warning from that wretched, selfish wolf.

No longer fox art thou, my lion, my own self!

A wise head ever lessons learns from others’ ills,

Who sees his neighbours victims fall, knows what them kills."

The fox now thanked his stars a hundred, thousandfold,

For that the lion first the wolf to share had told;105

And reasoned: "Had he given me first his high command

To share the prey, my life I had not kept in hand.

Then praise to Him who ’th placed me low in this world's scale,

To follow after mightier ones when they regale."

So have we heard God's judgments wrought in ages past

On people of the eld;-set forth as mountains fast,

That we may learn from them,-the wolves of early days.

Then let us, as the fox, glean wisdom from those lays.

"God's people sanctified" ’s the title on us cast,

By God's own Prophet, truthful witness, and the last.110

The bones, the skeletons of all those old-world wolves,

Consider well, ye readers;-think upon yourselves.

Who's wise will from his heart cast out all fond conceits

Of greatness, when he hears of ‘Ād's 1 and Pharaoh's feats.

Unless he warning take from what on others fell,

Men shall a moral draw from his case, sad to tell.

Cried Noah: "Ye stiff-necked race! I am not I, indeed.

My self I've sacrificed; of God's love have I need.

From every fleshly sense and wish I'm severed, quite.

115 God is my light, my mind, my visual organ's site.

I am not I. The breath I breathe is God's own breath.

Whoe’er gainsays this word, blasphemes, courts his own death.

Within my form of fox there lurks the lion's power;

Against this feeble fox ’tis useless now to lower.

Unless you lay aside scorn for my fox's form,

You'll hear the lion growl more fierce than raging storm."

If Noah had not possessed the mighty aid of God,

Could he a world have upside down turned with a nod?

Within his form whole herds of lions, as one paw,

120 Lay hid. A fire was he; the world a stack of straw.

That misled straw refused to pay its tithe to him.

Fire flashed. Forthwith the straw in smoke and flames sank grim.

Whoe’er ’gainst the hidden lion in saint's form

Upraise the voice of pride, like to our wolf, base worm,

Shall, like that wolf, be torn by lion piecemeal quite;

The text: "On them we vengeance took" he shall recite. 2

A stroke shall lay him low, as wolf by lion's paw.

A madman must he be who'd rush in lion's maw.

O that the stroke had fallen upon the body frail;

125 And that the heart and faith had ’scaped! ’Twere vast avail!

Upon this point I feel my strength must all give way.

How shall I tell the secrets of this mystic play?

Just like the fox, do you yourselves deny in all.

In lion's presence raise no cavil, or you'll fall.

Relinquish thoughts of "I" and "We" when "He" ’s afield.

The kingdom is the Lord's; to God the kingdom yield.

The straight way enter all, like paupers as you are.

The lion and the prey will both fall to your share.

God is a spirit pure. All-Glorious is His name!

He hath no need of praise, of honour, glory, fame!130

All these, and all besides, whatever may befall,

Upon His servants He bestows. He's Lord of all!

God hath no envy, wish, desire for creatures’ ruths;

And blessed is he who takes to heart this truth of truths.

’Twas He created both worlds;-all their pomp and pride.

Shall He desire what He hath made in His own tide?

Keep, then, your hearts pure in the sight of God the Lord,

That you may never be ashamed of thought or word.

He knows the secrets, aims, desires of all your hearts;

They're patent to Him, as a hair in milk at marts.135

Whoever hath a breast cleansed from all thoughts of guile,

His breast a mirror is, where heavenly truths will smile.

Its secrets are all known to God;-its every part;

"Believer's heart's the mirror of believer's heart."

He tries our metal on the touchstone of His law.

The fine, the base, He will distinguish, without flaw.

Our talents being tried by His omniscient skill,

What's good, what's bad, will sure appear, plain, by His will.139

Footnotes

m218:1 Qur’ān iii. 153.

m219:1 Qur’ān xlviii. 6.

m220:1 Qur’ān xxviii. 88.

m222:1 Qur’ān lv. 29.

m224:1 Qur’ān vii. 132.

m226:1 See Tale iv., dist. 121.

m226:2 Qur’ān vii. 132. See note [1], p. 224.