Alhassanain(p) Network for Heritage and Islamic Thought

HE LIFE OF FATIMA AZ-ZAHRA

The Principal of all Women Study and analysis

حياة فاطمة الزهراء

By: Allamah Baqir Shareef al-Qurashi

Translated by: Abdullah al-Shahin

Publisher: Ansariyan Publications - Qum

First Edition 1427 - 2006 - 1385

ISBN: 964-438-817-8

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED AND RECORDED FOR THE PUBLISHER

Ansariyan Publications

www.ansariyan.org & www.ansariyan.net

Table of Contents

Dedication. 7

Quranic Verses 8

Before Your Hands 9

A word by the Verifier 10

Foreword. 11

The Noble Lineage 17

Her father 17

Her mother 17

The wealth of Khadijah. 17

The Prophet (a.s.) trades with her money. 17

The marriage of the Prophet with Khadijah. 18

The speech of Abu Talib. 18

In the cave of Hara’ 19

Khadijah with Waraqah. 19

Khadijah and Ali the first Muslims 20

Moral assistance to the Prophet (a.s.) 21

Economical assistance 21

Greetings from Allah to Khadijah. 21

Her house in the Paradise 21

Her position near the Prophet (a.s.) 22

The gifts of Allah on her 22

To the Paradise 23

Fatima’s Birth and Upbringing. 24

Date of her birth. 24

Her name 24

Her epithets 25

1. As-Siddeeqah. 25

2. Al-Mubarakah. 25

3. At-Tahirah. 25

4. Az-Zakiyyah. 25

5. Ar-Radhiyah. 25

6. Al-Muhaddathah. 25

7. Al-Batool 25

8. Az-Zahra’ 25

Her surnames 26

1. Umm Abeeha 26

2. Umm al-Hasanayn. 26

3. Umm al-Hasan. 26

4. Umm al-Husayn. 26

Her upbringing. 26

From the Prophet’s educational programs to Fatima 27

Some du’as from the Prophet to Fatima 27

Her similarity to the Prophet (a.s.) 29

Fatima’s Characteristics 31

Infallibility. 31

Proofs on her infallibility. 31

Charity to the poor 32

Asceticism. 33

Chastity and veiling. 34

Deep faith. 34

Devotedness 35

Her du’a on turning to Allah. 35

Her du’a on resorting to Allah. 35

Her du’a of tasbih^[69] 35

Her du’a on an important thing. 36

Her du’a for making things easy. 36

Her du’a for healing. 36

Her du’a in morning and evening. 36

Her du’a at sleeping. 36

Her du’a of Saturday. 37

Her du’a on Sunday. 37

Her du’a on Monday. 37

Her du’a on Tuesday. 37

Her du’a on Wednesday. 37

Her du’a on Thursday. 37

Her du’a on Friday. 38

Her amulet 38

Tasbih of Fatima (a.s) 38

Fatima’s worship. 39

Her du’a after the Dhuhr (noon) Prayer 39

Her du’a after the Asr Prayer 41

Her supplication after the Maghrib (sunset) Prayer 44

Her supplication after the Isha (evening) Prayer 46

Fatima in the Qur’an and the Sunna. 50

Her position in the Qur'an. 50

The verse of Mawaddah. 50

The verse of Abrar 51

The verse of Tat’hir 52

The Verse of Mubahalah. 53

In the Sunna 55

Traditions About the pure progeny. 56

1. The tradition of ath-Thaqalayn. 56

2. The tradition of as-Safeenah (the Ark) 57

3. The tradition of Amaan. 58

The Marriage of Fatima with Imam Ali 60

The dowry of Fatima 61

Her furniture 61

The sermon of marriage 62

The banquet of marriage 63

The house 63

The wedding. 64

The house that Fatima lived in. 65

The house affairs 65

Fatima’s children are the Prophet’s children. 66

The Pure Progeny. 69

Imam al-Hasan (a.s.) 69

His education. 70

His moralities 70

His patience 71

His generosity. 71

His asceticism. 72

His worship. 72

His caliphate 73

Imam al-Husayn. 74

His birth. 74

The Prophet’s love to al-Husayn. 75

The Prophet tells about Imam al-Husayn’s martyrdom. 76

Imam Ali foretells Imam Husayn’s martyrdom. 79

Imam al-Husayn (a.s.) and Umar 81

Imam al-Husayn (a.s.) with Mo’awiya 81

The political conference in Mecca 82

Mo’awiya’s perishment 82

Imam al-Husayn’s revolt 83

Martyrdom. 83

Lady Zaynab. 84

Her birth. 84

Her epithets 85

Her birth date 86

Her Upbringing. 86

True faith in Allah. 86

Patience 87

Dignity and honor 87

Courage 87

With the immortal tragedy. 88

To the Better World. 89

Umm Kulthum. 89

Al-Muhsin. 90

Her Scientific and Intellectual Heritage 91

Musnad Fatima 91

1. Urging on cleanness 91

2. Liberality and stinginess 91

3. The virtue of setting slaves free 91

4. The reward of a sick. 91

5. Negligence of prayer 92

6. The time when supplication is accepted. 92

7. The time when Allah determines the livelihood for His people 93

8. The du’a at entering a mosque 93

9. Two oppressive armies 93

10. The preference of the Shia 93

11. A happy one is he who loves Ali 93

12. Fatima’s children belongs to the Prophet 93

13. The Prophet’s charm to al-Hasan and al-Husayn. 94

14. The Prophet’s donation to al-Hasan and al-Husayn. 94

15. The Prophet’s inheritance to his two grandsons 94

16. Doing good to Fatima’s children. 94

17. The tradition of Thaqalayn. 94

18. Declaring Ali’s imamate 94

19. The imams from al-Husayn’s offspring. 94

20. Imam Ali’s virtue 95

21. The men of A’raf 95

22. Fatima (a.s.) is from the earliest to Allah’s contentment 95

Eloquence 95

The Mus’haf (book) of Fatima 96

Fatima and the Great Islamic Revolution  97

Noble values 97

1. Equity. 97

2. Women liberation. 98

A. Burying alive female children. 98

B. Woman was deprived of inheritance 98

C. getting married to one’s father’s widow. 98

3. Prohibition of adultery. 99

4. Prohibition of usury. 99

5. Prohibition of alcohol 99

6. Fighting against poverty. 99

7. Spreading of knowledge 99

Fear of Quraysh. 99

Inciting their children to harm the Prophet (a.s.) 100

Accusing the Prophet (a.s.) of madness 100

Accusing him of magic 100

Torturing the believers 100

Fatima with her father 100

Quraysh agree on killing the Prophet (a.s.) 101

The Prophet’s immigration to Yathrib. 101

Imam Ali sleeps in the Prophet’s bed. 102

Yathrib receives the Prophet 102

Imam Ali’s immigration to Yathrib. 103

At the Battle of Uhud. 103

The battle of al-Ahzab. 104

The Prophet with his daughter in travel and residence 104

Electing Imam Ali for the Islamic Caliphate 105

The Prophet nominates Ali 106

Why the Prophet nominated Ali? 106

The Signs of the Departure to Allah. 110

The Farewell Hajj 110

The general conference 110

The Conference of Ghadeer Khum. 112

Immortal Tragedy. 114

The Prophet’s last illness 114

The Army of Usama 114

‘March the army of Usama!’ 115

Asking people’s pardon. 116

The Prophet gives as charity all what he possesses 117

The calamity of Thursday. 117

Fatima’s distress 119

The Prophet recommends of his family. 119

The Prophet’s inheritance for his two grandsons 120

To the High Paradise 120

Preparing the holy corpse for burial 121

The prayer over the holy corpse 122

The burial 122

The Great Trial 124

1. The Alawids 124

2. The party of Quraysh. 124

3. The party of the Ansar 124

The Conference of al-Saqeefa 125

The speech of Sa’d. 126

The speech of Abu Bakr 127

The homage to Abu Bakr 129

Al-Habbab’s speech. 129

Abu Sufyan’s situation. 131

Imam Ali refrains from pledging allegiance 132

Forcing the Imam to pay homage 133

1. The attack on Imam Ali’s house 134

2. The aggression against Fatima (a.s.) 135

3. Abrogating the Khums 137

4. Confiscation of Fadak. 137

Fatima asks for Fadak. 138

The Immortal, Historic Sermon of Fatima  140

Her speech to the women. 146

Unacceptable excuse 148

Deep sorrow. 148

To the Garden of Abode 151

Fatima’s age 153

Her Holy Shrine 153

Ziyarah of Lady Fatima. 155

Ziyārah of Lady Fatima on the third of Jumādā al-Akhirah. 166

Ziyārah of Lady Fatima on Sundays 166

Notes 168

Dedication

To the builder of the Human Civilization, and the emitter of spirit and knowledge in generations,

To the Last of the Prophets, and the Master of messengers Muhammad (blessing and peace be on him);

I offer to his exalted standing this study on the highest woman Allah has ever created in the earth;

The part of the Prophet (a.s.), and the principal of the women of the worlds; Fatima az-Zahra’ (peace be on her), hoping that it will be accepted, and this is my expectation when I shall meet Allah the Almighty.

The author

Quranic Verses

فَمَنْ حَاجَّكَ فِيهِ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَكَ مِنْ الْعِلْمِ فَقُلْ تَعَالَوْا نَدْعُ أَبْنَاءَنَا وَأَبْنَاءَكُمْ وَنِسَاءَنَا وَنِسَاءَكُمْ وَأَنْفُسَنَا وَأَنْفُسَكُمْ ثُمَّ نَبْتَهِلْ فَنَجْعَلْ لَعْنَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَى الْكَاذِبِينَ. (3/61 )

“Say: Come let us call our sons and your sons and our women and your women and our selves and your selves, then let us be earnest in prayer, and pray for the curse of Allah on the liars. (3:61)”

إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ لِيُذْهِبَ عَنْكُمْ الرِّجْسَ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ وَيُطَهِّرَكُمْ تَطْهِيرًا. (33/33 )

“Allah only desires to keep away the uncleanness from you, O people of the House, and to purify you a thorough purifying. (33:33)”

قُلْ لاَ أَسْأَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَجْراً إِلاَّ الْمَوَدَّةَ فِي الْقُرْبَى. (42/23 )

“Say: I do not ask of you any reward for it but love for my near relatives. (42:23)”

Before Your Hands

O you the part of the messenger of Allah,

A fragrance from the soul of Muhammad,

The source of dignity in the world of Islam,

A flame from the light of Allah, and a flow from His mercy,

The mother of the two masters of the youth of Paradise,

The psalm of every noble lady from the daughters of Eve,

The light by which the confused are guided in the darkness of ignorance,

O you who rejected the pleasures of life, and lived for abstinence, virtuousness, and asceticism,

O my Lady, the aims of your father, the savior of humanity, lit in your soul, and his values shone inside you, and so you set out from the essence of the revelation and the mission into a great revolution against deviation that Muslims were afflicted with after the departure of your father to the better world.

You struggled stably and loftily to take them back to the path of the mission that your father had made to save the nation from deviation and from slipping into the abysses of this life. So you refuted suspicion, lit the way, and showed the clear proof, but people admired this life, were interested in its pleasures, and they insisted on erring and stubbornness.

My lady, these are glimpses from your high ideals, which are as a Legion of Honor to the Islamic nation, that I offer humbly and reverently to your high standing expecting from Allah the Almighty that I shall obtain your intercession that includes many many slack people like me!

The author

A word by the Verifier

Fatima (a.s.) is the highest woman in knowledge, purity, patience, and piety that history has ever known. She was brought up in the house of Revelation and grew in the lap of the greatest Prophet (a.s.), and thus she was the vessel of Imamate and the continuity of Prophethood.

She got married to Ameerul Mo'minin Ali bin Abi Talib (a.s.) and lived with him a life of simplicity and asceticism, and so she was an ideal example for Muslim women or, indeed, for all Muslims.

However, fate willed for her that she would not live after her father’s death but for a short time because of the oppression and harms she met from the people; though the Prophet (a.s.) had said about her, ‘Fatima is a part from me; whoever harms her harms me.’ But, people denied the truth, deviated from the path of the Mission, and turned him (Imam Ali) away from the position of Imamate.

The book before you, dear reader, is a study on the life of Infallible Fatima (a.s.), the daughter of Prophet Muhammad (a.s.). Our role in this book was the reviewing and verifying of its texts and sources. Praise be to Allah and Allah’s blessing be on Muhammad and his pure progeny.

Mahdi Baqir al-Qurashi

13th Muharram, 1424 AH.