A History of Muslim Philosophy Volume 2
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Author: M.M. Sharif
Publisher: www.muslimphilosophy.com
Category: Islamic Philosophy
Volume 1
Volume 2
- A History of Muslim Philosophy Volume 2, Book 4: Later Centuries (From the Fall of Baghdad [656/1258] TO 1111/1700)
- Part 1. The Fall of Baghdad
- Chapter 40: Fall of The ‘Abbasid Caliphate
- Bibliography
- Notes
- Part 2. Theologico-Philosophical Thought
- Chapter 41: Ibn Taimiyyah
- A. Life and Works
- B. Attitude towards Theology and the Theologians
- Ibn Taimiyyah’s Anthropomorphism
- Al-Qur’an Kalam Allah Ghair Makhluq
- C. Attitude towards Philosophy
- Theory of the Atom
- Theory of the Body
- Theory of the Similarities of Bodies
- Theory of Motion
- Theories of Harakat al-Falak, Namus, and Mumkin
- Notes
- Part 3: The Sufis
- Chapter 42: Jalal al-Din Rumi
- A. Life
- B. Beliefs and Philosophy
- C. The Nature of Existence and Evolution
- D. Love
- Bibliography
- Notes
- Chapter 43: Mahmud Shabistari, Al-Jili, and Jami
- A. Mahmud Shabistari
- B. Al-Jili
- Essence, Attributes, and Names
- 1. Life
- 2. Knowledge
- 3. Will
- 4. Power
- 5. Speech (Kalam)
- 6. Hearing is Divine Epiphany
- 7. Sight
- 8. Beauty
- 9. Majesty is Beauty in its Intense Form
- 10. Perfection is the name of Divine Essence which is perfectly unknowable
- Self-revelations of the One
- Ascent of the Soul
- 1. Illumination of Action
- 2. Illumination of Names
- 3. Illumination of Attributes
- 4. Illumination of the Essence
- Doctrine of Logos and the Perfect Man
- Saint ship and Prophethood
- Psychology - Qalb
- Reason
- Judgment (Wahm)
- Reflection (Fikr)
- The Self (Nafs)
- Religion
- C. Jami
- Bibliography
- Notes
- Chapter 44: Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi
- A. Life and Studies
- B. The Shari‘ah
- 1. Heresy and the Mujaddid’s Opposition to It
- 2. Reforms in Sufism and the Nature of Sufistic Perfection
- 3. Significance of the Shari‘ah
- C. Existential or Experiential Unity
- D. Revelation and Intuition
- E. The Religious Law
- Bibliography
- Notes
- Part 4: The “Philosophers”
- Chapter 45: Jalal al-Din Dawwani
- A. Life and Works
- B. Ethics
- C. Politics
- D. Metaphysics
- Bibliography
- Notes
- Chapter 46: Ibn Khaldun
- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
- 1. Association is Necessary for Man
- 2. Distribution of Culture on Earth
- 3. Temperate and Intemperate Zones and the Influence of the Atmosphere upon the Colour of Human Beings and many of their States
- 4. Influence of the Atmosphere upon the Habits of Character (akhlaq) of Human Beings
- 5. Effects of the Abundance and Scarcity of Food upon the Bodies and Habits of Character of Human Beings
- 6. Classes of those who perceive the “Unseen” (ghaib) among Human Beings by Natural Disposition or by Exercise
- F
- Bibliography
- Notes
- Chapter 47: The School of Ispahan
- A. Introduction
- B. Hikmat
- C. Major Figures of the School of Ispahan
- Sheikh Baha’ al-Din ‘Amili
- Mir Damad
- Mir Abu al-Qasim Findiriski
- The form below, if by the ladder of gnosis
- The intellect form which is endless and immortal
- Mulla Muhsin Faid-i Kashi
- Mulla Mohammad Baqir Majlisi
- D. Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Notes
- Chapter 48: Sadr al-Din Shirazi
- A. Life and Works
- B. Sources of Mulla Sadra’s Doctrines
- C. Mulla Sadra’s Method and the Characteristics of His School
- D. Division of the Sciences
- E. Principles of Mulla Sadra’s Doctrines
- 1. Unity and Polarization of Being
- 2. Substantial Motion
- 3. Divine and Human Knowledge
- 4. Soul, Its Origin, Becoming and Entelechy
- F. Significance of Mulla Sadra and His Influence
- Bibliography
- Notes
- Part 5: Political Thought
- Chapter 49: Ibn Khaldun
- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
- F
- Bibliography
- Notes
- A History of Muslim Philosophy Volume 2, Book 5: Other Disciplines (Covering Both The Early And The Later Centuries)
- Part 1: Language and Literature
- Chapter 50: Arabic Literature, Poetic and Prose Forms
- A. Poetry
- The Nasib
- The Madih
- The Khatimah
- Islam and Poetry
- Development of the Ghazal
- Vilifying Ghazal
- The ‘Abbasid Era
- Further Development of the Ghazal
- Bohemianism
- New Features of the Ghazal
- Moral, Philosophical and Mystic Poetry
- Formal Panegyric
- Personal and Occasional Verse
- Descriptive Poetry
- Adaptation of Metre and Diction
- Strophic Verse
- B. Prose
- 1. Proverbs
- 2. Oracular sayings
- 3. Orations and
- Influence of the Qur’an and the Hadith
- Popular Anecdote
- Story Cycles
- High-class Fiction
- Literary Epistle (Risalah) and Rhetorical Maqamah
- Development of the Story for Literary Theme
- Story for the Philosophical Theme
- Historical Writing
- Influence on the West
- Bibliography
- Notes
- Chapter 51: Arabic Literature, Poetic and Prose Forms
- A. Grammar
- B. Lexicography
- Bibliography
- Notes
- Chapter 52: Arabic Literature: Theories of Literary Criticism
- Bibliography
- Chapter 53: Persian Literature
- A. Persian Literature of Early Times
- B. The Beginning of Modern Persian Literature
- C. Different Epochs of Persian Poetry
- D. Persian Prose
- E. Persian Grammar and Lexicography
- F. Influence on Persian Literature
- Bibliography
- Chapter 54: Turkish Literature
- A. Development of Turkish Prose and Poetry
- Seventh/13th Century
- Eighth/14th Century
- Ninth/15th Century
- Tenth/16th Century
- 11th/17th Century
- 12th/18th Century
- 13th/19th Century
- B. Development of Turkish Grammar and Lexicography
- Bibliography: Turkish Grammar and Lexicography
- Notes
- Part 2: Language and Literature
- Chapter 55: Architecture
- A. The First Three Centuries of Muslim Architecture
- The Great Mosque of Damascus
- B. Muslim Architecture in Later Centuries
- 1. Muslim Architecture in North Africa
- The Fatimids
- The Mamluks
- Qairawin
- 2. Muslim Architecture in Spain
- 3. Muslim Architecture in Iran
- 4. Muslim Architecture in Central Asia
- 5. Muslim Architecture in Turkey
- 6. Muslim Architecture in Pakistan and India
- Bengal
- Jaunpur
- The Deccan
- Malwah
- Bibliography
- Notes
- Chapter 56: Painting
- A. Introduction
- B. Characteristics of Muslim Painting
- C. Historical Background
- D. Book Illustrations
- E. The Mongo School
- F. The Timurid School
- G. The Great Behzad
- H. The Safawid School
- I. The Bukhara School
- J. The Turkish Painting
- K. The Mughul Painting
- Bibliography
- Notes
- Chapter 57: Music
- Alf Lailah wa Lailah
- A. The Music in Itself
- Syrian Proverb
- B. The Music Lovers
- Notes
- Chapter 58: Music (continued)
- C. The Music Theorists
- D. Influence
- An Arabic Proverb
- Bibliography
- Notes
- Chapter 59: Minor Arts
- A
- B
- 1. Calligraphy and Illumination
- 2. Book-binding
- 3. Pottery
- 4. Textiles and Rugs
- 5. Wood-carving, and Ivory and Bone-carving
- 6. Metal-work, Glass and Crystal
- Bibliography
- Notes
- Part 3: Social Studies
- Chapter 60: Historiography
- Bibliography
- Notes
- Chapter 61: Jurisprudence
- A - The Law
- B -Law And Ethics
- C- Sanctions
- D - Law And Religious Affairs
- E - The Chief Sources
- F-Other Sources
- G - Particular Sections Of The Law
- 1. `Ibadat
- 2. Mu`amalat
- (a) Polity
- (b) Fiscality
- (c) Contracts
- (d) Family Law
- (e) Commercial Contracts
- (f) Administration of Justice
- 3. Penal Laws
- (a) Apostasy
- (b) Homicide and Corporal Damages
- (c) & (d) Sexual Transgression and False Accusations Affecting the Honor of Women
- (e) Alcoholic Drinks
- (f) Robbery and Theft
- (g) War
- (h) Infliction of Injuries (Mazalim)
- H - Muslim Contribution To Law
- I - Interactions
- J - Further Possibilities
- Bibliography
- Notes
- Part 4: The Sciences
- Chapter 62: Geography
- A - General And Regional Geography
- 1. The Route Books
- 2. Books of Countries and Dictionaries
- 3. Diaries and Travel Accounts
- B - General Treatises And Scientific Geography
- C - Mathematical Geography
- 1. Instruments and Their Use
- 2. Determination of Latitudes and Longitudes
- 3. The Earth's Shape, Size, and Movements
- D-Cartography And Map-Making
- E - Influence Of Muslim Geography
- Bibliography
- Some Texts and Translations
- General
- Notes
- Chapter 63: Mathematics and Astronomy
- A - Introduction
- B - Arithmetic
- C - Algebra
- D -Geometry
- E - Trigonometry
- F - Astronomy
- Bibliography
- Notes
- Chapter 64: Physics and Mineralogy
- Bibliography
- Notes
- Chapter 65: Chemistry
- Bibliography
- Notes
- Chapter 66: Natural History
- A
- B
- C
- Bibliography
- Notes
- Chapter 67: Medicine
- A - Introductory
- B - Collection And Translation Of Books
- C - Hospitals
- D - Physicians And Surgeons
- E - Influence
- Bibliography
- Notes
- A History of Muslim Philosophy Volume 2, Book 6: Influence of Muslim Thought
- Chapter 68: Influence of Muslim Thought on the West
- Western Thinkers On Islam In General
- Muslim philosophy influenced Western thought in several ways. It
- Theological Influence
- Philosophical Influence Before Descartes
- Philosophical Influence From Descartes To Kant
- Philosophical Influence in the Post Kantian Period
- Bibliography
- Notes
- Chapter 69: Influence of Muslim thought on the East
- Introduction
- Persia
- China, Turkey and Afghanistan
- India
- Cultural Contacts
- From the First/Seventh Century to Sarikara
- Indonesia
- Bibliography
- General
- Persia, Turkey, Afghanistan, and China
- India
- Indonesia
- Notes
- A History of Muslim Philosophy Volume 2, Book 7: The Dark Age (1111/1700-1266/1850)
- Chapter 70: Decline In The Muslim World
- A. Political Causes of the Catastrophic Decline
- 1. Turkey
- 2. Persia
- 3. India
- 4. Indonesia
- B. Non-Political Causes
- Bibliography
- Turkey
- Persia
- India
- Indonesia
- Notes
- Chapter 71: The Silver Lining, Development Of The Urdu Language, Grammar, And Literature
- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
- F
- G
- Bibliography
- Notes
- A History of Muslim Philosophy Volume 2, Book 8: Modern Renaissance (Covering both the Early and the Later Centuries)
- Part 1. Renaissance in the Near and Middle East
- Chapter 72: Renaissance in Arabia, Yemen, Iraq, Syria and Lebanon
- Muhammad Bin Abd Al-Wahhab and His Movement
- A
- B
- C
- Role of the Arab Academy of Damascus in Syria
- American University of Beirut
- Role of the Arab League in Unifying the Arab World
- D
- Bibliography
- Notes
- Chapter 73: Renaissance in North Africa: The Sanusiyyah Movement
- A: Rise of the Sanusiyyah Order
- B: Teachings and Philosophy of the Sanussiyyah Order
- C: Achievements: An Evaluation
- D: Decline and Recovery
- Bibliography
- Notes
- Chapter 74: Jamal Al-Din Al-Afghani
- A: Introduction
- B: Life
- C: Philosophy
- D: Political Thought
- E: Conclusion
- Bibliography
- A: Works of al-Afghani
- B: Works on al-Afghani
- Chapter 75: Renaissance in Egypt: Muhammad Abduh and His School
- A: Life
- For greatness we have made a resting-place
- B: His Philosophy
- C: The School of Muhammad Abduh in Egypt
- Bibliography
- Chapter 76: Renaissance in Turkey: Zia Gokalp and His School
- Bibliographical Note
- Chapter 77: Renaissance in Iran: General
- Bibliography
- Notes
- Chapter 78: Renasissance in Iran: Haji Mulla Hadi Sabziwari
- A: Life and Works
- B: Sources of Haji’s Doctrines and the Characteristics of His Approach
- C: Teachings
- D: Post-Sabziwarian Hikmat
- Bibliography
- Notes
- Part 2. Renaissance in South and South-East Asia
- Chapter 79: Renaissance in Indo-Pakistan: Shah Wali Allah Dihlawi
- A: Introduction
- B: Life and Works
- C: Sources of Shah Wali Allah’s Thought
- D: Socio-Economic and Political Thought
- E: Philosophy of History
- F: Metaphysics
- Doctrines of Wahdat al-Wujud and Wahdat al-Shuhud
- The Spiritual World and the Material World
- Space and Time
- Freedom and Fatalism
- G: Jurisprudence
- H: Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Notes
- Chapter 80: Renaissance in Indo-Pakistan (Continued): Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan as a Politician, Historian, and Reformist
- A: Introductory
- B: The Sayyid as a Historian
- C: The Sayyid as a Reformer
- D: The Sayyid as a Politician
- Bibliography
- Notes
- Chapter 81: Renaissance in Indo-Pakistan (Continued): Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan as a Religio-Philosophical Thinker
- Bibliography
- Notes
- Chapter 82: Renaissance in Indo-Pakistan (Continued): Iqbal
- Summing Up
- Reason and Heart: A Dialogue
- The Odyssey of Man
- The Nature of Life
- The Birth of Man
- Bibliography
- Notes
- Chapter 83: Renaissance in Indonesia
- A: Introductory
- B: National Movement in Indonesia
- C: Effect of the First World War on Indonesia
- D: Factors Promoting National Sentiments
- Nationalist Party of Indonesia
- Sarekat Islam
- Indonesian Youth Movement
- Indonesian Women Movement
- Cooperation and Non-Cooperation Movements
- F: The Japanese Occupation
- Effects of the Japanese Occupation
- Bibliography
- Notes
- Conclusion
