Alhassanain(p) Network for Heritage and Islamic Thought

Notes

Chapter 01

1. Tafsir-e Tabari, 101/28 and the same narrative in Tabaghat-e Ibn-e Saed, 135/38, published in Europe.

2. Tafsir-e Tabari, 101/28.

3. Siyouti, Dorar-ol Mothavar, 244/46.

4. Tafsir-e Tabari 104/28 and Sahih-e Bokhari 22/24, 138, 137/3, Sahih-e Moslem, Ketab-ot Talagh 31/34, Masnad-e Ahmad Hanbal 48/1 Masnad-e Taialsi, narrative 23.

* In the books about caliph's lifestyle, this is interpreted that this prediction of prophet is good tidings about Abu-Bakr and Omar caliphate, which is not true. Based on Quran, it is exactly against this claim because it explicitly reproaches and threats them and even stipulates that prophet's wives- Hafseh and Ayesheh- are like Noah and Lot’s wives who were treacherous to their husbands.

Prophet, had predicted so many events that world have referred to evil deeds and oppressions; such as, warning to his wives about the bark of dogs in Havab – which at Jamal war occurred- which was given proof by Ayesheh in Jamal war against Imam Ali, when she got sorry and said:" Get me back, Get me back, it is what Prophet warned me about and said:" Lest be the one whom the dogs of Havab bark on" ,but Zobeir came and falsely told her that there was not Havab. Zobeir's son, Talhe and fifty other people falsely attested Zobeir's words that there was not Havab. And Prophet's prediction about Imam Hosain's Martyrdom:" Gabriel informed me that Imam Hosain will be killed in Iraq" or God is very severe to one who kills Imam Hosain." It is clear that not only these predictions are not good tidings, but are predictions about oppression and evil deeds, which would be happened.

5. For example their treacherous plan for Prophet on the way back from Tabuk war, when they tried to scare Prophet's camel to fall in valley and kill Prophet, but they couldn't. Historian Ibn-e Hazm Andolosi in his book "Al Mohalla" names those who had taken part in this plan as:" Abu-Bakr, Omar, and Othman." He writes:" . Ibn-e Hazm Andolosi adds that this narrative is invalid, because it is narrated by Valeed Ibn-e Abdullah. His claim is not true because this narrative is narrated by other Historians; such as, Moslem and Bokhari. Ibn-e Hajar Asghalani, in his book "Tahzib-ot Tahzib" brings this narrative and insists on its accuracy too.

6. Behar-ol Anvar 296/2, narrative 5

7. Alaghd-ol Farid 274/4

8. Alaghd-ol Farid (Ibn-e Abd-e Rabbe) 274/4

9. Tarikh-e Tabari published in Europe 2138/1 & 52/3

10. Salem in the second year of Omar's caliphate, in war against Mosailame, was killed. Abu-Obaide, in 18 years, whom he was commander in war against Eastern Rome, caught plague and died.

11. Alaghd-ol Farid, 274/4

12. Ansab-ol Alashraf (Belazori), 15- 19/5, Alaghd-ol Farid, 73-74/3, Tabaghat-e Ibn-e Saed, 43/3 & Tarikh-e Yaghoubi, 160/2.

13. Tabaghat Ibn-e Saed 20-22/5 published in Europe

14. Seiro Aalam Alnablae & Tarikh-e Ibn-e Asaker, translated by Abdorrahman Ibn-e Euf.

15. Imam Ali stated:" "

16. To get more information about the enemity between Othman and Abdorahman Ibn-e Euf, refer to Ansabol Ashraf written by Historian Balazori printed in Beirut.

17. Tarikh-e Tabari 297/3. In notion of incidence of 23 A.H. and Ibn-e Athir 37/3

18. More information in 10th chapter of present book. Also refer to: Alestiab253/1, Alasaba 413/3, Ibn-e Kathir120/8, Moravrj-o Zahab322, 321/2, Masnad-e Ahmad177/1, Tabari 2768/5, 2771-2770, 2887, Ibn-e Abel Hadid 13-12/6

Chapter 2

1. Alestiab12 & Osd-ol Ghabah h66-65/1.

2. Tabaghat Ibn-e Saed 192-190/1 printed in Beirut, Ayun-ol Asar281/1. In many references, It is claimed that Abu-Bakr and Omar were in Osame's army: Kanz-ol Omal 312/5, Montakhabe Kanz-ol Omal 180/4, Ansab-ol Ashraf ( Balazori ) translated by Osame 474/1, Tabaghat-e Ibn-e Saed 44/4 Tahzibe ( Ibn-e Asaker ) ,391/2, Tarikh-e Yaghoubi 74/2 printed in Beirut & Ibn-e Athir 123/2.

3. Sharhe Nahjol Balaghe, Ibn-e Abelhadid 52/6.

4. Sahih-e Bokhari, 22/1, and Masnad-e Ahmad Hanbal, research of Ahmad Mohammad Shaker, statement 2292, Tabaghat-e Ibn-e Saed, 244/2, printed in Beirut.

5. Same sources and Tabaghat-e Ibn-e Saed 244-243/2, Printed in Beirut. Masnad-e Ahmad Hanbal, research of Ahmad Mohammad Shaker, statement 2676.

6. Tabaghat-e Ibn-e Saed 242/2 Printed in Beirut, Sahih-e Bokhari, 120/2, 136/2, Sahih-e Moslem 76/5, Tarikh-e Tabari, 193/3.

* Omar himself has confessed this event. Based on narrated by

Imam Abolfazl Ahmad Ibn-e Abi Taher in book "the history of Baghdad" Ibn-e Abel Hadid in interpretation of Nahjolbalaghe, Omar in a conversation with Ibn-e Abbas says:" When prophet was ill, he wanted to clarify the appointment of Imam Ali as his successor, but I interfered and didn't let him."

7. Tabaghat-e Ibn-e Saed, 242/2 printed in Beirut.

8. Tarikh-e Abelfedae 151/1, Sahih-e Bokhari 22/1

9. Sharhe Nahjolbalaghe, Ibn-e Abel Hadid197/9 & 458/2 printed in Egypt. To get more information look: Sahih-e Bokhari92/1, Ershad (Sheikhe Mofid) 86-87 Masnad-e Ahmad, 224 &220/6, Tabaghat-e Ibn-e Saed, 179/3, Ansabol Ashraf, 557/1.

10. Tabaghat Ibn-e Saed 70/2, Kanzol Omal 54/4& 60, and in a narrative, these four men's name came with Oth Ibn-e Khaoli Ansari. Check up Abdullah Ibn-e Saba 110/1.

11. Alaghd-ol Farid, 61/3, Tarikh-e Farid326& 324& 321/1

12. Kanzolomal 140/3, Ayesheh didn't take part in this ceremony and even get information about Prophet's burial until, as she says, she heard the sound of spades at Wednesday midnight. Sireie Ibn-e Hosham 344/4 & 1833-1837 printed in Europe, Ibn-e Kasir 270/5,

Osd-ol Ghabah h, 34/1 & Masnad-e Ahmad, 242-74 & 62/6.

13. Morouj-oz Zahab (Masoudi) 200/2, Tarikh ol Islam (Zahabi) 329/1, Zohai ol Islam 38/2.

14. Sharhe Nahjolbalaghe, Ibn-e Abelhadid, 131/1, first printed in Egypt.

15. Masnad-e Ahmad Hanbal 260/1, Ibn-e Kathir 260/5, Sefvat-os Sefvah 85/1,

Tarikh ol Khamis 189/1, Tabari History 451/2 & 1830-1831 printed in Europe,

Abelfedae History 152/1, Osd-ol Ghabah h 188/5, Al Aghd-ol Farid, 61/3 Tarikh-ol Islam (Zahabi), Tabaghat-e Ibn-e Saed, 70/2 Tarikh-e Yaghoubi, 94/2 Albade Vat Tarikh, 68/5, Al Estilab, 65/4 & Osd-olGhabah , 188/5.

16. Sahih-e Bokhari, Ketab-ol Hodoud 120/2, Sahih-e Ibn-e Hosham, 336/4 Arriaz-on Nazra, 163/1, Tarikh-ol Khamis,186/1

16. Sahih-e Bokhari, Khetab-ol Hodoud 120/4, Sire Ibn-e Hosham 336/4, Arriazonnazra163/1, Tarikh ol Khamis 186/1, Saqife ( Abi-Bakre Johari ), narrated by Ibn-e Abel Hadid,

Tabari History 1839/1, Albade VA Tarikh 65/5.

17. Masnad Ahmad 260/1, Ibn-e Kathir 260/5, Sefvat-os Sefvah 85/1, Tarikh-e ol Khamis 189/1, Tabari History 451/2 1830- 1831/1, Ibn Shohme Behamesh Al-Kamel 100, Ibn-e Saed 70/2, Yaghoubi 94/2, Albade Va Tarikh 68/5, Atanbih ol Ashraf ( Masoudi ) 244.

18. It is writer's inference, although they hated to delay the burial, Prophet's corpse was not buried for two days until all inhabitance of Medina say prayer on it.

19. Aalam-ol Vari Be Aalam ol Hodat (Tabarsi) 144, printed in Beirut,

Tabaghat (Ibn-e Saed) 292-294/2, Sire (Ibn-e Hosham) 343/4 printed in Beirut &

Beharol Anvar 525-539/22.

20. Tabaghat (Ibn-e Saed) 292-294/2 & Sire Ibn-e Hosham 343/4.

21. Tabaghat (Ibn-e Saed) 78/2

22. Sire (Ibn-e Hosham) 344/4, Masad Ahmad 242, 274 Tarikh-e Tabari, 62/6 &

Tabaghat-e Ibn-e Saed, 205/2.

23. Beharol Anvar 189, 155/3, Shavahed ol Tanzile Haskani 190-187/1, History of Damascus (Ibn-e Asaker), narrative 451, Asbab ol Nozoul (Vahedi) 135, printed in Beirut, Dorar ol Mothavar (Siyuti), 298/2, Fath ol Ghadir, 57/2 & Tafsir-e Neishabouri, 194/6.

24. Dorar ol Mothavar 191/4.

25. Masad Ahmad 410/5, Tafsir-e Ghortobi 39/1 Marefat ol Gharat ol Akbar (Zahabi) 48, Majma Ahead, 165/1, Tafsir-e Tabari, 27/1, Kanz-ol Omal narrative 4213 & 4215, printed in Beirut.

26. Mostadrak Sahihin 147/3, Sahih Moslem 130/7, Sonan (Beihaghi) 149/2, Osd-ol Ghabah h 20/2.

27. Sahih Bokhari, Ketab Talagh 1108-1111/2.

28. Beharol Anvar48/92, 52-51 narrated from Tafsir-e Qomi, Amdat-ol Ghari 16/20, Fathol Bari 386/10 & Aletghan (Siyuti) 59/1.

29. This story is narrated by Solaim Ibn-e Gheise Halali, in the book "the keys of secret in Quran" 18-19 and the other narrative in this caseis in "Alghoran Alkarim Va Revaiat ol Modaresin (Askari) 396-408.

30. Kafi 633/2, to get more information about narratives which our Imams referred their knowledge to Imam Ali Look Almaalem ol Modaresin (Askari) 312-320/2.

31. Sahih-e Bokhari, Ketab-ot Tafsir-e, 190/3-191

32. To get more information with the related books Al-Quran-ol Karim & Revaiat-ol Modarasetain, 226/1-227.

33. To get more information with the related books look at the previous, 218/248.

34. The same sources, 264-74/1 & 413-17/2.

35. The same sources, 417/2*431, 510-15 & 572-82; Moalem-ol Madresatain, 329/1-392 & 402-83, fifth edition, 1412A.H; Ahadis-o Ommol Momenin Ayesheh (Askari), second Volume, first print, 1418A.H; The role of Imamate in vivification of religion, second Volume, 2-5 & ninth Volume

* Abu-Bakr ordered to write a Quran without interpretation. This task ended in Omar's caliphate time. He gave it to Hafseh to keep it. In Othman's caliphate time, the opponent recited the verses which were kept and used them against Bani Omaie family. Othman ordered to write seven other Quran based on Abu-Bakr's one. Then sent six of them to Mecca, Yemen, Damascus, Hems, Kufe, and Basra, and kept the seventh in Medina. Then ordered to burn the Qurans with interpretation and it is why he is nicknamed Harragh-ol Masahef- The burner of Quran. Abdullah Ibn-e Masoud was the only one who didn’t give his Quran and its interpretation to be burned.

This Quran which is accessible is based on the one which is written in Othman caliphate time. It is Quran interpretation which was revealed to Prophet without any difference. They just omitted the voice interpretation.

36. By caliph we mean the successor of Prophet that is the one who after Prophet take the rain of government and becomes governor. This word is an invented one and according to Islam, it is baseless. In fact this word means a representative who does the duties of an absent person. The main duty of Prophets, according to Quran, is advertisement of religion,

Not governing, so most of the Prophets such as Jesus Christ, John, Zachariah, Noah... were not governor.

This word religiously is baseless because Prophet has stated that his successor is the one who narrates his words and behaviors.......

This word doesn't mean the representative of God on earth because that is the one who is selected by God to advertise the religion through inspiration (if he is prophet) or through prophet (if he is Imam). Governing also belong to his status, but Prophet or Imam is not supposed to go after it and people should ask him to govern and lead them like Prophet who governed Medina with the help of people and didn't try to take the rain of government in Medina because people didn't ask him. It was the same for Imam Ali. His main task was keeping and advertisement of religion and if people would ask him to govern, he should govern, but except a few people, they didn't. Imam Ali stated:" If I had 40 men, I would ......" But after 25 years by Othman's murder, people came to Imam Ali and request him to take the rain of government, he accepted. This was what Prophet had asked him to do Osd-olGhabah , 31-4.

37. Abdullah Ibn-e Saba (Askari), 113, first Volume.

38. The same source.

39. The same source, 115.

40. The same source, 115-16.

41. The same source, 113.

42. The same source, 113-15.

43. Sharhe Nahjol Balaghe, 2/2 narrated from Saqife (Johari).

44. Sahih-e Bokhari, Ketab ol Hodoud 119-120/4

Imam Ali became candidate not for his desire, but for those few people who wanted him to be governor because of his states; such as Salman, Abouzar, Meghdad, Ammar, and because of family prejudice; such as Ibn-e Abbas, or because of tribe prejudice; such as Abu-Sofyan.

Osaid Ibn-e Hozair: was of Ansars who took part in some wars to support Islam, and Abu-Bakr had a high opinion about him. In 20th or 21th year he died, and Omar himself carried his coffin. Al Asaba, 64/1, Alestiab, 31-33/1.

47. He was of Ansar and had taken part in some wars to support Islam. He died in Omar's caliphate time. In book "Seire ol Alam ol Nabla, he is counted as Omar's brother. Omar, on his tomb said:" Nobody can claim that I'm better than the owner of this tomb."Al Asaba, 45/3, Alestiab, 17/3 & Osd-ol Ghabah, 158/4.

48. He backed Ansar and was head of tribe Bani Ajlan. He took part in some wars to support Islam, and died in the year 45 A.H. Al Asaba, 237/2 Alestiab 133/3& Osd-ol Ghabah hh75/3.

49. When Imam Ali heard Mohajerans reason…………… They argue on tree, but forgot its fruit, sarcasm that they of Ghoraysh and caliphate is their right not Ansar's based on this Imam Ali stated: according to this reason, we are the fruit of the prophet's family and we are deserver, so they forgot us and trampled our rights.

50. It is an Arabic proverb.

51. The Arabic sentence is ……………..

52. Bashir Ibn-e Saed Khazraji was the Noman Ibn-e Saed's father, and a people of distinction of tribe Khazraj. Thereis some records of jealousy between him and Saed Ibn-e Obade.

Ibn-e Abel Hadid 2/2.

53. Tarikh-e Yaghoubi, 103/2.

54. When Omar coulddesist Ansar not to swear allegiance with Saed Ibn-e Obade, Ansar asked for Imam Ali, and said:" We just swear allegiance with Imam Ali. Omar feared that Bani-Hashim family take the power, so he hastily swore allegiance with Abu-Bakr.

55. The first three caliphs gave money and post to three persons of Ansars.

Bashir Ibn-e Saed Khazraji; he was the first person who was swear allegiance with Abu-Bakr, Zeid Ibn-e Thabet, who was representative of Omar in Medina when he was out of Medina, and Hesan Ibn-e Thabet, who was a poet and never swore allegiance with Imam Ali, trans Hashem Rashed Mahallati 237/1.

56. Ibn-e Abel Hadid, 133/1

57. Tarikh-e Tabari, 1843/1, printed in Europe.

58. Al Jamal (Sheikhe Mofid), 43, Sharhe Nahjol Balaghe

(Ibn-e Abel Hadid), 287/6 & Tabari, 1843/1, printed in Europe.

59. Sahih-e Bokhari, Ketab-ol Hodoud, 120/4 & Sire-ie Ibn-e Hosham

60. Abdolah Ibn-e Saba, 121, narrated from Tarikh-e Tabari.

61. Sharhe Nahjol Balaghe (Ibn-e Abel Hadid), 2/2, first print.

62. Nahjol Balaghe, completed by Sobhi Saleh, sermon 192, 300-01 & Sharhe Nahjol Balaghe completed by Abdoh 182/1, Motbeat-ol Esteghamah.

63. Tabaghat-e Ibn-e Saed, 263/2, Kanzol Omal, 262-63/2 & 178-79/7, Vaghat-os Sefin (Nasr Ibn-e Mozahem), with fulfillment of Abd-os Salam Mohammad Haroun, 244, second print, printed in Qom.

64. Arriaz-on Nazrah, 164/1 & Tarikh-ol Khamis, 188/1.

65. Abdolah Ibn-e Saba, 121/1, narrated from Tabari and a lot of other documents.

66. The same source.

67. Sahih-e Bokhari, Ketab-ol Baiah, 165/4.

68. Apparently, it was noon prayer.

69. Sharhe Nahjol Balaghe (Ibn-e Abel Hadid), 134/1 & Savant-os Safvah.98/1.

So if Imam Ali had accepted Abu-Sofyan's suggestion, in fact he would have wasted all Prophet's attempt during 23 years; leading society to goodness and virtue, and avoiding them from their evil doings and prejudice. It should be said that Abu-Sofyan, disappointed of Imam Ali, accepted Abu-Bakr's bribe, and swear allegiance with him. In fact he made manifest materialistic purpose by accepting this bribe, on the proposal ofOmar, Abu-bark bestowed all the Islamic taxes which he had taken from people. Abu-Bakr also appointed Yazid, son of Abu-Sofyan, as the commander of Sham.

Chapter 3

1. Tarikh-e Tabari, 103/2, Ibn-e Abel Hadid, 287/1, Val Movaffaghiat (Zobeir Ibn-e Bakar), 580-607, printed in Baghdad. In this situation Imam Ali send someone to Fazl Ibn-e Abbas and forbid him from composing the rest of his poem, Ibn-e Abel Hadid, 8/2, printed in Egypt, Ibn-e Hajar-e Asghalani, in his book Al Esabah (263/2) & also Abol Fedae in his history (164/1) attributes this poem to Fazl Ibn-e Abbas Ibn-e Otbat Ibn-e Lahab-e Hashemi, that is not true.

2. Ibn-e Abel Hadid, 131-32/2 & 17/6, narrated from Abu-Bakr Johari.

3. Ansab-ol Ashraf (Belazori), 591/1 & Othmanie (Jahez).

4. Ibn-e Abel Hadid, 5/6, narrated from Saqife (Johari), printed in Egypt.

5. Tarikh-e Yaghoubi, 114/2, printed in Syria.

6. Ibn-e Abel Hadid, in fulfillment of Mohammad Abolfazl Ibrahim, 31/6 narrated from Movaffaghiat (Zobeir Ibn-e Bakar).

7. The importance of the subject let bring the text of the poem:

………………………………………………………….

8. Ibn-e Abel Hadid, 131-32, 17/6.

9. Ibn-e Abel Hadid, 133/2, narrated from Saqife (Johari), printed in Egypt, Tabaghat-e Ibn-e Saed, 129/2.

10. We can get from this statement that he does not believe in prophet, because he didn't say" رسول الله (God's messenger)".

11. Alaghd-ol Farid, 62/3, Ibn-e Abel Hadid, 120/3, narrated from Saqife (Johari).

12. Tarikh-e Yaghoubi, 105/2 & Sharhe Nahjol Balaghe (Ibn-e Abelhadid), 7/6.

* Bani Hashim family and Bani Omaie family were the son of Abdolmanaf and he was the son of Ghosai.

13. Tabari, 449/2, 1827-1828, printed in Europe.

15. Sharhe Nahjol Balaghe (Ibn-e Abelhadid), with fulfillment of Mohammad Abolfazl Ibrahim.

17. Ketab-ol Maaref (Ibn-e Ghatibah), 128, he before Abu-Bakr had accepted Islam.

18. Alestilab, 398-400/1, Alasaba, 406/1, Osd-ol Ghabah h, 82/2 & Ibn-e Abel Hadid13-16/6.

19. Yaghoubi, 105/2.

20. Osd-ol Ghabah h, 82/2, Ibn-e Abel Hadid, 135/1, narrated from Saqife (Johari).

21. Ibn-e Abel Hadid, 123/2.

22. Ibn-e Abel Hadid,22-23/2, 47/6, 13/11, 147/12, Tarikh-e Yaghoubi, 160/2, Ansabol Ashraf, 15/5, Sireie Ibn-e Hosham, 336-338/4, Sahih-e Bokhari, 119/4 & Kanzol Omal, 139/3, narrative 2326.

It should be said that Abu-Bakr, about his caliphate, says:"................" Ibn-e Abel Hadid, 47 & 50/6.

23.Morouj-oz Zahab (Masoudi), 60/2, Vaghat-os Sefin (Nasr Ibn-e Mozahem, 135, printed in Cairo & Ibn-e Abel Hadid, 65/2, 284/1.

24. Tabari, 459/3, Ibn-e Athir, 126/2; but in Kanz-ol Omal, 134/3 & Alemamat-o Vas Siasa, 10/1, Assiratol Halabia, 397/4, added that: Saed never greet none of them, Tabari, 1844/1, printed in Europe.

25. The same source, Ariaz-on Nazrahah, 168/1.

Chapter 4

1. Today, we call it Islamic tax, but alms are a better name.

2. Mojam-osh Shoara, 250. But it is invalid.

3. Al Asaba 336/3.

4. All historian of caliphate lifestyle believe in this subject.

5. Abdullah Ibn-e Saba 181/1.

6. Tarikh-e Abel Fedae, 158, Vafiat-ol Aeian, 66/5, 602/2, Tarikh-e Ibn-e Shahnah114.

7. Yaghoubi, 110/2 & Kanzol Omal, 132/3

8. Tarikh-e Yaghoubi, Trans (Ayati).

9. When governors or the people of high ranks in caliphs' government did something illegal, in justification of it Abu-Bakr would say:" if a Mujtahid goes wrong in his strives, he gains one heavenly reward; if he goes right, he gains two heavenly rewards", Two Sects in Islam Islam, 39-40.

11. Abdolah Ibn-e Saba, 184-85/1, narrated from Tabari.

12. Fotouh Ibn-e Asam 48-49/1. The head of tribe, Hareth Ibn-e Soragha had a conversation with this young man which is important to quote to. He said to this young man:" Keep your camel and if anybody protests, cut his nose with your sward. We just obeyed Prophet when he was alive, and now are supposed to obey a man of his family, is to God that there is no responsibility on our shoulders to grant Abu-Bakr. Then he composed these lines:

We did obey Prophet till the last moment of his life.

How strange it is to obey Abu-Bakr.

13. Fotouh (Ibn-e Aetham), printed in Beirut, Dar-ol Hekmah publication, 1406A.H, 165-92, 21-99/2.

Chapter 5

1. Tabaghate Ibn-e Saed, 145/3, Ibn-e Asaker, 90/6, Kanz-ol Omal, 134/3, narrative 2296 & Sirat-ol Halabia, 397/3.

2. Ansars were from Yemen's tribes also called Sabaeie. After breaking of Yemen's dam, they immigrated to Iraq, Syria and Medina.

3. It is a village named Holb.

4. Ansab-ol Ashraf, 589/1, Alaghd-ol Farid, 64-65/3 with a little difference.

5. Tabserat-ol Avam, 32, Majles publication, Tehran.

6. Morouj-oz Zahab, 414/1, 194/2.

7. Alaghd-ol Farid, 64-65/3.

8. Mojam Rejal-el Hadith (Khouei), 73/8.

9. Like Tabari, Ibn-e Athir & Ibn-e Kathir in their history.

10. Like Tabari in his book "Arriaz-on Nazrah" & Ibn-e Abe-l Barra in his book Alestilab.

11. Omar for dishonoring Imam Ali honored Ibn-e Abbas. It was his policy that Ibn-e Abbas tells narrative and interpretation, but Ibn-e Abbas told whatever was against the government's policy, Abdullah Ibn-e Saba 140-42/1.

12. According to Ibn-e Abel Hadid's narrative, 225/1, it was suggestion of Moghairat- Ibn-e Shobah.

13. According to Ibn-e Abel Hadid narratives from Johari's Saqife, it was in the second night after prophet's death.

14. All prophets appointed successor for themselves, to get more information look at Maalem—mol Modaresin, 289-345, the fifth print, 1413A.H and Islamic thought in Quran, the second print264-285, 1418A.H.

15. When we want to prove something, somehow we use the reason of opposite one, although we don't believe it. Apparently, Ibn-e Abbas use this trick.

16. According to Ibn-e Abel Hadid narratives from Johari's Saqife, and also in Alemamat-o Va-s Siasa (Dinvari), this sentence added:" if it is yours we don't need it.

17. It means that you are not of prophet.

18. Tarikh-e Yaghoubi, 103/2, According to Ibn-e Abel Hadid narratives from Johari's Saqife, 220-21/1 & close to this in Alemamat-o Va-s Siasa, narrative from Ibn-e Abel Hadid 14/1.

19. Masnad-e Ahmad, 55/1, Tabari, 466/2& 1822/1, printed in Europe, Ibn-e Athir, 124/2, Ibn-e Kathir, 246/5, Sefvat-os Sefvah, 97/1, Ibn-e Abel Hadid, 123/1, Tarikh-e Kholafa (syuti), 45, Sire-ie Ibn-e Hosham, 338/4, Teisir-ol Vosoul, 41/2.

20.More than these books, there are other books that say: some people denied swearing allegiance with Abu-Bakr, and seeking refuge to Fatima's home in order to swear allegiance with Imam Ali. These books are: Arriaz-on Nazra, 147/1, Tarikh-ol Khamis, 188/1, Ibn-e Abd Rabbe, 64/3, Tarikh-e Abel Fedae, 156/1, Ibn-e Shahna, in the margin of Kamel (Ibn-e Athir), 112/1, according to Ibn-e Abel Hadid narratives from Johari's Saqife, 130-34 & Sirat-ol Halabia, 394 & 397/3.

21. Ansab-ol Ashraf, 587/1.

22. Tabari, 441-42, according to Ibn-e Abel Hadid narratives from Johari's Saqife, 130-134/2 & 19/2.

23. Arriaz-on Nazrah, 218/1, printed in Egypt, 1373A.H, according to Ibn-e Abel Hadid narratives from Johari's Saqife, 132/1 & 293/6 & Tarikh-ol Khamis, 169/2, printed in Beirut.

24. Tarikh-e Yaghoubi, 105/2.

25. Ibn-e Shahna, in the margin of Kamel (Ibn-e Athir), 113/1, & Ibn-e Abel Hadid, 134/2.

26. Alaghd-ol Farid, Ibn-e Abraba, 64/3 & Tarikh-e Abol Fedae, 156/1.

27. Ansab-ol Ashraf, 586/1.

28. Kanz-ol Omal, 140/3.

29. Alemamat-o vas Siasa, 12/1.

30. Divan Hafiz Ibrahim, 82, printed in Egypt, 1987. It is worthy to mention that he composed this poem for Omar, Alghadir (Amini), 68/8.

31. This news is not correct because of two reasons:"

1. Prophet told him to wait, Behar-ol Anvar, 527-28/22 & Managheb (Ibn-e Shahr-e Ashoub) 336/3; and using sward was against prophet's will.

2. This has conflict with Imam Ali's curiosity, and it has been proven in battles that no war finished unless he killed enemies.

32. Tarikh-e Yaghoubi, 105/2.

33. Tabari, 443, 444, 446/2, and in Europe print, 1819-1820/1, Arriaz-on Nazrah, 167/1, Tarikh-ol Khamis, 188/1 Ibn-e Abel Hadid, 58, 122, 132, 134/2, 2/6, Kanz-ol Omal, 128/3.

34. At that time, doors locked by a big bar that goes through the whole which were designed beside each door close to each other. Abu-Bakr confessed that: we broke the door and armed men entered into the home.

35. Tabari, 52/4, in Europe print, 2140/1, Morouj-oz Zahab, 414/1, Alaghd-ol Farid, 69/3, Kanz-ol Omal, 135/3, Alemamat-o vas Siasa, 18/1, Kamel, according to Ibn-e Abel Hadid's narrative, 130-31/2, Sharhe Nahjol Balaghe (Ibn-e Abel Hadid), 130/9, Lesan-ol Mizan, 189/4, Tarikh-ol Islam (Zahabi), 388/1.

36. Tarikh-e Yaghoubi, 285/6.

37. Morouj-oz Zahab, 86/3, Dar-ol Marefah, printed in Beirut & Sharhe Nahjol Balaghe (Ibn-e Abel Hadid), 481/20, printed in Iran.

38. Ibn-e Abel Hadid, 285/6, narrated from Johari's Saqife, Alaghd-ol Farid, fulfilled by Ali Shiri, 247/4, Dar-ol Ehiae Taras-ol Arabi publication, printed in Beirut & Sobh-ol Aesha, 128/1.

39. Sharhe Nahjol Balaghe (Ibn-e Abel Hadid), 285/6, narrated from Johari's Saqife.

40. The same source, 134/2 & 286/6.

41. The same source.

42. Tarikh-e Yaghoubi, 105/2.

43. Morouj-oz Zahab, 414/1, Alemamat-o vas Siasa, 12-14/1, with a little difference.

44. Tarikh-e Yaghoubi, 105/2, Ibn-e Abel Hadid, 4/2.

45. Ibn-e Abel Hadid, 28/6, narrated from Johari's Saqife, Alemamat-o vas Siasa, 12/1.

46. Imam Ali answered him:" You desired to reproach, but praised. You tried to disgrace, but were disgraced, you illustrated my rightness and professed that I had sworn allegiance with unintentionally, in fact you've reproached caliphs and disgraced yourself. A Muslim should believe in God and be not doubtless about his religion even if he is opposed. (Nahjol Balaghe-letter no 23).

Moreover, Maviye, in his letter to Mohammad Ibn-e Abu-Bakr explicitly refers to usurpation of Imam Ali's right by Abu-Bakr and Omar, Morouj-oz Zahab (Masoudi) 60-62, Sefin (Nasr Ibn-e Mozahem), 135, Cairo publication, 1365A.H. & Ibn-e Abel Hadid, 65/2 & 284/1.

47. Tafsir-e Tabari, 6/22, Tafsir-e Siyuti, 198-99/5, and in other narrative, Sonan-e Termezi, 248/13, Osd-ol Ghabah , 29/4 & 297/2, Tahzib-ot Tahzib, 297/2, Mostadrak-os Sahih-ein, 416/2 & 147/3, Sonan-e Beihaghi, 150/2, Osd-ol Ghabah , 521 & 585/5 & Tarikh-e Baghdadi, 126/9.

48. Dorar-ol Manthur-e Siyuti, 199/5, Alestilab, 598/2, Osd-ol Ghabah , 174/5 & 521/5, Majma-ol Zavaed, 168/9, Mostadrak-os Sahih-ein, 158/3, Ibn-e Kathir, 483/3, Masnad-e Ahmad, 258/3, Tafsir-e Tabari, 5/22, Dorar-ol Manthur-e Siyuti, 199/5, Masnad-e Taiyalsi, 274/8, Sahih-e Termezi, 85/12, Kanz-ol Omal, 103/7, first print, Javame-ol Osoul, 101/10 & Teisir-ol Vosoul, 297/3. To get more information refer to: "Hadith-ol Kasae Fi Madresat-ol KholafaVa Madresat-ol Ahlol Bait" (Askari), second print, and 1402A.H.

49. To get more information refer to Abdolah Ibn-e Saba (Askari), 128-139/1, Firing Fatima's home in the valid book's of Sonya (Hosain Ghaib Gholami), first print, 1417A.H.

Chapter 6

1. Lesan Al Arab (Ibn-e Manzour), word "Fai"

2. To get more information about Fai, refer to "Two sects in Islam (Askari)"Trans Sardarnia 210/2.

3. Another example of Fai was the lands of tribe Bani-Nazir. There were three Jewish tribes who were living near Medina, Bani-Nazir, Bani-Ghainogha and Bani-Ghoraiza. They based on tidings in their books, were uniting for mission of last prophet, and in order to be the first ones, who help him, had immigrated to suburb of Medina. When prophet declared his mission and immigrated to Medina, people of Medina denied him, although they had known him well as prophet the last (the Cow 89). Bani-Nazir tribe was plot even tried to kill prophet by throwing stone on him when he and ten other people of his companion were sitting at the wall, speaking about religion. God, the exalted, made him aware of this plot. Prophet ordered them to leave there because of their breach the promise and plot, but they disobeyed and took refuge to their castle. After fifteen days, they gave up and leave there. God, the exalted, bestowed their land, palm-groves, and whatever was left to Prophet. Omar asked Prophet:" Do you take the Islamic tax and share the rest to Muslims?" What God, the Exalted, has bestowed me not others according to Chapter Hashr verse 7- is mine and I won't share it among Muslims. Historian Vaghedi and some other historians narrate that Prophet shared some of these properties which were his among his family. He also bestowed some of it to people, whom he wished, other than his family. Prophet appointed Abu-Rafe, his servant, as administer of these properties. Maghazi Vaghedi, 363-378, Sonan (Abu-Davoud), 48/3

(Emtena Moghaizi), 178-182, Tafsir-e Tabari (according to verse 7, Chapter Hashr), Sonan-e Nasaei, 178/2, Tabaghat-e Ibn-e Saed, 58/2, Ibn-e Abel Hadid, 78/4, Dorar-ol & Mothavar, 192/6.

4. Ghazi Mavadi in his book, Ahkam-os Soltania, and Gazi Abu-Yali in his book, Ahkam-os Soltania, writes: From eight forts of Khebar, prophet owned three of them, Alkatibia, Alvatih & Solalam, in a way that Alkatibah was booty and Alvatih & Solalam were God's granted because prophet conquered them without war. These three forts were Fai and were the one half of booties. In Vafa-ol Vafa, 1210, has written that: Inhabitance of Alvatih & Solalam yield without war, so counted as Fai and Alkatibah counted as one half of booty. In this way, these forts gained, other sources: Sireie Ibn-e Hosham, 404/2, Maghazi Vaghedi, 683-92 & two sects in Islam, Trans Sardarnia, 206-10/2.

5. Yaghout Hamdi in his book Mojam-ol Baladan writes: Fadak was a village in Hejaz that was two or three days distance where there was lots of palm grove. Inhabitance of Fadak sent a messenger to prophet and by offering half of Fadak requested peace, prophet accepted, Sireie Ibn-e Hosham, 408/3, Maghazi Vaghedi, 706-07, as it mentioned Fadak was conquered without war so half of them was of prophet as their assignment, Fotouh-ol Baladan (Belazori), 41/1, Dar-on Nashr publication, printed in Beirut, 1957A.H. After revelation of verse 26, chapter Asra, prophet called Fatima and bestowed her Fadak, Shavahed-ot Tanzil (Hasakani), 338-41/1, Dorar-ol Manthur-e Siyuti, 177/4, Mizm-ol Etedal, 228/2, first print, Kanz-ol Omal, 158/2, first print, Majma-oz Zavaed, 49/7, Kashshaf, 446/2 & Ibn-e Kathir, 36/3.

6. Fotouh-ol Baladan, 39-40/1, Maghazi-e Vaghedi, 710-11, Emtena-ol Asma, 332, Ahkam-ol Soltania (Mavardi), 170, Ahkam-ol Soltania (Abu-Yali), 185.

7. Ahkam-ol Arazin, 282, about Abu-Obaid's property.

8. Prophet had some other lands; such as," Mahzour" which was an extended region in area

"Aaliye" where Jewish tribes "Bani-Ghoraiza" were living and after years reduced to bazaar. He had inhabited a home from his mother, Fatima, daughter of Vahad, where he has been born, and a home, in Mecca, behind grocers' bazaar from his wife, Khadije; but when Prophet immigrated to Medina, Aghil, Imam Ali's brother, sold it.(Maalem Modaresin,146/2, printed 1412 A.H.). When Abu-Bakr became caliphate falsely quoted a statement from Prophet that nobody could inherit prophets' possession and they should be given as alms, then confiscated all the properties of Prophet and called them "alms", from then properties of Prophet is called "alms". On he just got Prophet's personal facilities, like sward, camel and shoes back to Imam Ali, Al Ahkam os Soltania (Mavardi), 171, Al Ahkam os Soltania (Abu-Yala), 186.

9. Tabaghat-e Ibn-e Saed 58/2, Fotouh ol Baladan 18/22/1

10. Hamzat Ibn-e Noman Ozri

11. Fotouh-ol Baladan, 40/1.

12. In a letter Prophet had confirmed Fatima's right on Fadak, Behar ol Anvar (Majlesi), 93-105/8, Kompani Publication.

13. البينه علي مدعي واليمين علي من انكر

14. When Abu-Bakr ordered to confiscate Fadak, Fatima's workers were working on it, Sharhe Nahjol Balaghe, (Ibn-e Abel Hadid) 211/11.

15. Based on Morouj oz Zahab, 200/2. Fatima, except Imam Ali and Ome-Ayma, took her two sons as witness. All of them witnessed the Prophet had bestowed Fadak to Fatima, Vafa ol Vafa 160/2. Based on Belazori (Fotouh ol Baladan, 48), one of servants of Prophet also witnessed on Fatima's right.

16. Sireie Halabi 400/2, Fotouh ol Baladan 43, and Mojam ol Baladan 4ed Volume under the word Fadak.

17. Sireie Halabi 400/3, Ibn-e Abel Hadid 274/16.

18. Omar says:" When Prophet passed away, Abu-Bakr and I went to Imam Ali and asked him:' What is your idea about Prophet's heritage?' He answered: that they did excel to inherit his heritage. I asked:' even about Kheibar?' He answered:' Yes, even about Kheibar.' I said:' what about Fadak?' He answered:' Even about Fadak.' I said:'Do you know it, I swear to God that if you behead us with your sward, we won’t let you take them.'Majma-ol Zavaied, 39.

19. Ibn-e Abel Hadid in his book" Sharhe Nahjol Balaghe ".82/4, writes:" It is well-known that Prophet's statement about negation of Prophet's inheritances is just quoted by Abu-Bakr and nobody else," and again in page 85 says:" As it seems, Abu-Bakr is the only one who quoted this statement."

Siyouti in book "Caliph's History" in page 89, where he is counting the statements which Abu-Bakr had referred to, writes:" no. 29............" Afterward, this statement was inputted to others to show that it was quoted by others, Ibn-e Abel Hadid, 85/4.

20. Tabaghat Ibn-e Saed 316/2 &Two sects in Islam, Trans Sardarnia219-228/2.

21. Ibn-e Abel Hadid 97/4.

22. Behar-ol Anvar (Majlesi), 108/8, and then Ehtejaj-e Tabarsi253/1, Osve publication.

23. By scarf, we do mean "Khemar" which is larger than scarf and covers heads, neck, and chest; the verse 31, Chapter Light refers to it.

24. By veil, we do mean Ghelbab which is a kind of Arabic clothes which covers all body.

25.It means:" O, Prophet, after you, lots of events, oppressions and disturbances happened, which if you were alive, none of them would take place. It seems that the earth has lost its fertility. Your nation has gone astray and far from right. Be witness of it, Belaghat-on Nesa, 14, Sharhe Nahjol Balaghe (Ibn-e Abel Hadid), 251/16, Behar-ol Anvar, 195/43, Ehtejaj-e Tabarsi, 106/1 & two sects in Islam (Askari), 229/2, Bonyad-e Bethat publication .

26. Al-e Emran, 144. Mohammad was not the only prophet, many prophets were before him. If he dies or kills, you should become like what before was? And anyone who came back to what he was in the past, God never sustain a loss of him; and God rewards the thankfulness.

27. Belaghat-on Nesa 12-17 & Sharhe Nahjol Balaghe, (Ibn-e Abel Hadid), 78-79, 93/4.

28. Sharhe Nahjol Balaghe, (Ibn-e Abel Hadid), 97/4.

29. It is an honor for Imam Ali that he is son of Abu-Taleb.

30. Here, Fatima do not talk about Islamic tax in which Imam Ali had share, and not about inheritance, she means Fadak which was bestowed to her and she wanted it for her sons, Imam Hasan and Imam Hosain.

31. Beharol Anvar, 148/43, narrative no 4 & Ehtejaj-e Tabarsi, 107-08/1, printed in Mashhad, 1403A.H.

Chapter 7

1. Shahrestani quotes from Ibrahim Ibn-e Saiyar:" Omar struck the door at Fatima's side which resulted in abortion of her child. He also ordered to burn the home and whoever was in, while nobody except Imam Ali, Fatima, Imam Hasan and Imam Hosain were there, Nation and Bee (Shahrestani), 59/2 & Ibn-e Abel Hadid, 192/14. Moghatel Ibn-e Atiye in his book, "Conversations about Imams and caliphs" printed in Beirut, writes:" Abu-Bakr after forcing people to swear allegiance with him, sent Omar, Ghanfaz and some other men to Imam Ali and Fatima's home to make them swear allegiance. Omar set fir on the door. Fatima came at the door to keep them at the distance, Omar struck the door at her so severely that her child was aborted and a nail was driven to her chest. From then on, Fatima fell in sick. Narrated from " Fire on the Fatima's home in whole valid books of Sunni (Hosain Sheikh Gholami), 98, first copy, 1417 A.H.

2. In Badr war, from 70 persons of distinction who were killed, 35 were killed by Imam Ali.

3. Behar-ol Anvar, narrative no 5, narrated by Ibn-e Shahr-e Ashoub.

4…………………………………………………….

5. When there is no Faghih (Sheikh-e Sadough), 297-298, narrative no 97, & Behar-ol Anvar 157/43.

6………………………………………………

7………………………………….

8……………………………………………..

9……………………………………………

10…………………………………………..

11…………………………………………..

12……………………………………………

13…………………………………………..

14. Behar-ol Anvar 158-59/43, Maani-ol Akhbar-e Sadough; Ehtejaj-e Tabarsi, 108-109/1 printed in Mashhad,1403 A.H., Khshf-ol Ghama ( Erbeli ) 147, Alam-on Nesa Omar-o Reza Kehala 123/4, Sharhe Nahjol Balaghe ( Ibn-e Abel Hadid ) narrated from Saqif-e Johari 233-234/16, printed in Iran & Belaghat-on Nesa, 32, that Fatima's words narrated in Saqife-ie Johari, although in these books, there is differences in some words.

15. Ehtejaj Tabarsi, 109/1, printed in Mashhad, 1403 A.H.

16.البيت بيتك و الحره حرتك

17. رضا الله من رضا فاطمه. ان يغضب لغضب فاطمه و يرضي الله لرضا فاطمه

18. Bokhari in his book "sahih" writes:" After Fatima asked caliph to give her back prophet's heritage and he refused, she never talked with him until her martyrdom. Sahih (Bokhari), 177/5.

19. Behar-ol Anvar 170-171/43, narrated from "Imamate Reason" & Reason of Religious Precepts, ( Sadough ), 178/1, Imamate & Policy ( Ibn-e Ghatibah-ie Dinvari ), 14/1, Alam-on Nesa ( Omar-o Reza Kehala ), 1214/3, Nahjol Balaghe ( Ibn-e Abel Hadid ), 273/16.

20. Behar-ol Anvar 159, 182, 183/43 & Managheb (Ibn-e Shahr-e Ashoub), 504/1.

21. Tabaghat, 18-19/8, Ansab-ol Ashraf, 405, Sahih (Bokhari), 75/5.

22. Kafi, 461/1 & Managheb (Ibn-e Shahr-e Ashoub), 365/3.

23. Behar-ol Anvar, 183/43.

* Thaghat-ol Islam koleini writes:" After Fatima's martyrdom, Imam Ali buried her secretly and wiped out her grave, then faced to Prophet's grave and stated:" O, God's messenger, from me and your daughter, whom is lying in the grave and visits you, greetings to you. Fatima's death broke my heart and put me in permanent sorrow, of her death distressed us. Osoule Kafi, 458-459/1 & Nahjol Balaghe (Ibn-e Abel Hadid) 265/10, printed in Iran.

24. Behar-ol Anvar, 171-172/43.

25. Behar-ol Anvar, 183/43.

26. Ghoraysh, in order to confirm their government, made false sayings and inputted them to prophet; such as,

a) From now on (the conquest of Mecca), no one of Ghoraysh

can be killed, Sahih-e Moslem, 1409, Sonan-e Darami, 198/2,

Masnad-e Ahmad, 412/3 & 213/4.

b) Whoeveraffront Ghoraysh, God lowers him/ her, Masnad-e

Ahmad 64, 171, 176, 183 Masnad-e Taiyalsi, narrative no 209.

c) People should follow Ghoraysh, behaviors from behaviors of

Ghoraysh and unbelievers from unbelievers of Ghoraysh,

Sahih-e Bokhari 176/2, Sahih-e Moslem, 1415, Masnad-e

Ahmad 101/1, 243, 261, 319, 395, 433/2, Manad-e Taiyalsi,

313, narrative 2380.

d) Government is Ghoraysh's right; if two persons are living on

the earth, Ghoraysh should govern them, Sahih-e Bokhari,

155/4, Masnad-e Ahmad,29 , 93 & 128, Sahih-e Moslem,

1452, Masnad-e Taialsi, 264, narrative no 1956.

e) Obey Ghoraysh and let them free, Masnad-e Ahmad, 260/4,

Masnad-e Taialsi, narrative no 1185.

27. When Imam Ali took his right, the government, broke this exclusion. He like Prophet, shared the treasure among people without any difference between Ghoraysh and non- Ghoraysh. Imam Ali himself, like other Muslims, took 3 Dinar, gold coins, and her servant, Ghambar, 3 Dinar too. He also appointed governor of both Ghoraysh and non-Ghoraysh; for example, he appointed Othman Ibn-e Honaif as the governor of Basra and his brother as governor of Medina, Gheis Ibn-e Saed-e Obade as governor of Egypt, then Eskandarie, Malik Ibn-e Ashtar for Egypt. Imam Ali deposed Maviye from the governor of Sham and rejected Talhe and Zobeir's request for taking this post. In fact Imam Ali broke the exclusion of government in Ghoraysh's hands.

28. Where Ansars assembled to swear allegiance with Saed Ibn-e Obade became a place for a poor to sleep, all these people were of Ansars.

29. Behar-ol Anvar, 20/47, narrative 17.

30. Heliat-ol Olia (Abu-Naeim-e Esfahani), 136/3, fifth print, printed in Beirut, 1407A.H. Kashf-ol Ghama, 289/2, printed in Tabriz, Managheb-e Ibn-e Ashoub, 154/4, Khesal, 517-18.

31.Kashf-ol Ghama, 289/2, Noor-ol Absar fi Managhebe Alol Bait-en Nabi, 140, printed in Cairo, Behar-ol Anvar, 88/46, Maktabat-ol Islamiah publication, Managheb-e Ibn-e Shahr-e Ashoub-e, with fulfillment of Mahalati, 154/4, printed in Qom, Tabaghat-e Ibn-e Saed, 222/5, Dar Sader publication, 219, Abu-Naeim-e Esfahani, 140, Behar-ol Anvar & 88/46, Tazkerat-o Khavas-ol Oma, 327, printed in Najaf, 1383A.H.

32. Morouj-oz Zahab, 340/2, printed in Beirut.

33.Tabari , 11/7, Ibn-e Athir, 47/3, Ibn-e Kathir, 220/8.

34.Tarikh -e Ibn-e Kathir, 234/6 & 32/8.

35. Tarikh-e Tabari, 448/2, in Europ 1825, Sahih-e Bokhari, 38/3, Sahih-e Moslem, 72/1 & 153/5, Ibn-e Kathir, 285-86/5, Ibn-e Abel Hadid, 122/2, Morouj-oz Zahab, 414/2, Tanbih-ol Ashraf, 250, Ibn-e Abdorabe, 64/3, Ibn-e Kathir, 126/2, Kefaiat-ot Tolab (Ganji), 225-26, Assavaegh-ol Mahragha, 12/1, Tarikh-ol Khamis, 193/1, Alestilab, 244/2, Tarikh-e Abelfedae, 156/1, Albade vat Tarikh, 66/5, Ansab-ol Ashraf, 586/1, Osd-ol Ghabah , 222/3, Tarikh-e Yaghoubi, 105/2, Alghadir, 102/3,

Heliat-ol Olia ( Abu- Naiym-e Esfahani ), 136/3, 5th printing, printed in Beirut,1407 A.H. Managheb ( Ibn-e Shahr-e Ashoub )154/4, Kashf-ol Ghama ( Ali Ibn-e Erbeli ) 289/2, printed in Tabriz,1381 A.H, Khesal ( Sadough )517-518.

* The real allegiance is the one which; intentional; else, that is shaking hands and nothing more. It is true about dealing too, which should be based on willingness of two sides; else, it is oppression or usurpation. In result, Imam Ali's allegiance which was done reluctantly after six month and for maintaining Islam was just an apparent allegiance and nothing more than shaking hands. All Imams refer to this event and clarify that no real allegiance was sworn.

36. He said cousin, because Imam Ali was of Bani-Hashim family and Omaie and Hashim Family, both Hashim and Omaie had been the sons of Abd-ol Moaf.

37. Ansab-ol Ashraf (Belazori), 587/1.

38. Sharhe Nahjol Balaghe (Ibn-e Abel Hadid), 94/6, printed in Iran.

Chapter 9

1. Tarikh-e Tabari, 2138/1, 52/3, printed in Europ.

2. Tarikh-e Tabari, 2138/1, 52/3, printed in Europ.

3. Sahih Bokhari, 22/1, Masnad-e Ahmad, 2992, Tabaghat-e Ibn-e Saed 244/2, printed in Beirut, Sahih-e Bokhari, 120/2, Sahih-e Moslem, 76/5 & Tarikh-e Tabari, 193/3.

Chapter 10

1. In order to get more information refer to caliphs' History (Siyouti), 143-144.

2. Morouj-oz Zahab (Masoudi), 322/2.

3. Caliphs' History, 133. Salman and Belal, who were of Prophet's companion and non-Arab, were living in Medina.

4. Maalem-ol Modaresin (Askari), 364/2, narrated from Vafi, first printing, 1412 A.H.

5. Mota, 60/2, printed in Egypt 1343 A.H.

6. In fact Arab people are the descendents of two tribes; Adnani to which Ghoraish belonged and Ghahtani who were from Yemen and Ansars belong to them.Omar did try to make Ibn-e Abbas the same mind and opinion within himself in order to back him against Imam Ali. Ibn-e Abbas was respectful among Ghoraysh and Bani-Hashim family. After Imam Ali, he was the best in eloquence. More information refer to

Tabaghat-e Ibn-e Saed, 120/2, Sharhe Nahjol Balaghe (Ibn-e Abel Hadid).

7. Tarikh-e Tabari, 2768/5, printed in Europ.

8. Fatima's attempt, until her death clarified the fact for all those who were informed.

9. It was not good for Omar if Bani-Hashim family were informed of this. Bani-Hashim was a big and powerful family and it was not advisable to make them angry.

10. Tarikh-e Tabari, 2770-2771/5, printed in Europ.

11. Hems, like Kufe, Basra, Scandarie and Damascus were a military center. In result, the governor of these cities who were commander of army too, could mobilize them against government and take the power. Maviye, after Othman, did it against Imam Ali.

12. Morouj-oz Zahab, 321-322/2.

13. About this subject, Imam Ali in council, which was hold to select Omar's successor, stated:" People look at Ghoraysh and they are waiting for what they do, but Ghoraysh says:' If Bani-Hashim family take the power, they won’t lose it, and it is better to turn it to among themselves.'" Tarikh-e Tabari, 2785/5, printed in Europ.

14. Alestiab, 235/1, Alasaba 413/3 & Ibn-e Kathir 120/8.

15. Sahih-e Moslem46/5, Tahzib (Ibn-e Asaker), 212/5, Masnad-e Ahmad 319/5 and Sonan (Nasaei), 222/2.

16. Ibn-e Abel Hadid, 123/2.

17. Ansab-ol Ashraf (Belazori), 583-584/1, Sire Ibn-e Hosham, 336-337, to get more information refers to Abdullah Ibn-e Saba (Askari), 159/1.

18. Alaghd-ol Farid (Ibn-e Abraba), 260/4, first printing, printed in Beirut, 1409 A.H.

19 "Ajlah" is someone whose front of head is bald. Omar by Ajlah means Imam Ali.

20. Ibn-e Abel Hadid, 97/4.

21. Behar-ol Anvar (Majlesi), 108/8, old print & Ehtejaj-e Tabarsi, 251/1, Osve publication.

22. By scarf, we mean "خمار ". At that time women wear it on their clothes thatcovers her head, chest and neck.

23. Name of a mountain near Taef.

*.Ansab-ol Ashraf 18/5. Talhe, after Omar's death and appointment of Othman, came to Medina and swear allegiance with Othman, Ansab-ol Ashraf, 20/5.

24. Ansab-ol Ashraf, and the same narrativeis in Alaghd-ol Farid 74/3.

25. Kaz-ol Omal, 160/3.

26. Tabaghat-e Ibn-e Saed, 20-22/5.

27. Tabaghat-e Ibn-e Saed. In Badr war, Imam Ali had killed Saeid's father.

* It is written in book fath-ol Bari:" Mesvar Ibn-e Makhrama said that Abdorrahman came to him and asked him to call for council member, and he did so." Therefore, the place of council had been Prophet Masque which had corresponded Historian Belazori's words about the place of council, treasure chamber. Treasure chamber had been in Prophet's masque. Ansab-ol Ashraf (Belazori) 21/5, Sharhe Nahjol Balaghe, (Ibn-e Abel Hadid) 240-241/1

28. Fath-ol Bari, 322-32.

* Tarikh-e Yaghoubi, 162/1, and with a little difference in Ansab-ol Ashraf 21/5.

29. Tarikh-e Tabari, 297/3, Tarikh-e Ibn-e Athir, 73/3, Alaghd-ol Farid, 76/3.

30. Ansab-ol Ashraf, 21/5 and so on.

31. The same source.

Chapter 11

1. Alleghany, 335-36/6, Alestilab, 690, Anneza vat Takhasom, 20 & Morouj-oz Zahab, 165-66/5.

2. Alleghany, 323/6, Tahzib (Ibn-e Asaker), 409/6.

3. Sharhe Nahjol Balaghe (Ibn-e Abel Hadid, 51/4, first print, printed in Egypt.

4. Oghbat Ibn-e Abi Moaid was one of Prophet's greatest enemies, who affront him any times; for example refer to Ansab-ol Ashraf137-138 & 147-148/1. In Badr war, he was arrested when he was fleeing, then Prophet ordered Imam Ali to kill him. Sire Ibn-e Hosham, 385/1, 25/2, Emta-ol Asma, 61, 90.

5. Refer to Valeed's life in Tabaghat Ibn-e Saed, Alestiab, Osd-olGhabah , and Alasaba & Kanz-ol Omal in all interpretation books.

6. What slip or affiance Valeed had done not mentioned, but he had been notorious for drinking wine and adultery. Once during Othman's caliphate time, he had been punished by Imam Ali. By the way, it is not known whether he had drunken wine or other evil-doing in Azerbaijan.

7. Ansab-ol Ashraf, 31/5.

8. Aghnani176-177/4, Dosasi publication.

9. Morouj-oz Zahab, 335/2, Darol Andolosi publication.

11. Morouj-oz Zahab, 336/2, printed in Beirut.

12. These four people are: Abu-Zeinab, Jondab Ibn-e Zohair, and Abu-Habibat-ol Ghafari & Asab Ibn-e Jothama.

13. Morouj-oz Zahab, 336/2

14. Ansab-ol Ashraf, 34/5.

15. Aghani, 178/4, Dosasi publication.

16. Ansab-ol Ashraf, 33/5.

17. Ansab-ol Ashraf, 35/5.

18. Ansab-ol Ashraf, 35/5.

19. Aghani, 177/4, Dosasi publication.

20. Morouj-oz Zahab, 449/1.

21. Ansab-ol Ashraf, 35/5.

22. Ansab-ol Ashraf, 35/5.

23. Aghani, 178/4, Dosasi publication.

24. Tarikh-e Yaghoubi, 142/2.

25. Valeed and Othman had been born of one mother, Arva, daughter of

Koraiz Ibn-e Rabia.

26. Ansab-ol Ashraf, 29, 31/5 & Alestiab, 604/2.

27. Abu-Abdorrahman Ibn-e Masoud Ibn-e Ghafel Ibn-e Habib-ol Hozaili, her mother's name was Ome- Abovad-e Hozali & his father, Halif.

28. They were Quran's teacher and interpreter of it. To get more information refer to Alghoran-ol Karim VA Revaiat-ol Modaresin (Askari), 287/1.

29. Osd-olGhabah , 258/3.

30. Ansab-ol Ashraf, 36/5.

31. His word is sarcastic, because Othman hadn't taken part in these wars.

32. In the days of Prophet and Abu-Bakr, all the booties were shared, but Omar determined an annual salary. Those who had participated in Badr war, 5000 dirham, Ohod war up to Hodaibie war 4000 Dirham, and Hodaibia up to Prophet's death 3000 Dirham and for later, 2000 Dirham to 200 Dirham, Fotouh-ol Baladan (Belazori), 549, 550-65/2, Sharhe Nahjol Balaghe, 154/3, Tarikh-e Yaghoubi, 153/2 & Tarikh-e Tabari33/5, 22-23/2.

33. Tarikh-e Ibn-e Kathir, 163/7, Yaghoubi 170/2.

34. Whatever narrated was of Ansab-ol Ashraf, 36/5, and in other parts,, Tabaghat-e Ibn-e Saed, 150-161/3, Dar-os Sader publication, printed in Beirut, Alestilab,361/1, Osd-ol Ghabah 384/3, Tarikh-e Yaghoubi, 170/2, Tarikh-ol Khamis, 268/2 & Ibn-e Abel Hadid, 236-237/1, Dar-ol Ehia-ol Kotob-ol Arabiah publication, printed in Egypt.

35. Aghani, 181/4, Dosasi publication.

36. Ansab-ol Ashraf, 29, 31/5.

37. Ansab-ol Ashraf, 29, 31/5 & Aghani, 183/4, Dosasi publication.

38. By Egypt, we mean Africa continent.

39. Amr-o-As is an evil person, but he had been the conqueror of Egypt, so he was esteemed and later, in Maviye'sday, did evil's task.

40. Alestilab, 367-70/2, Alasaba, 309-10/2 & 11-12/1, Sharhe Nahjol Balaghe (Ibn-e Abel Hadid), 68/1.

41. Ansab-ol Ashraf, 27 & 225/5.

42. Dorar-ol Manthur, 191/4 & Mostadrak-e Ahkam, 479-81/4.

43. Dorar-ol Manthur, 191/4.

44. Ansab-ol Ashraf, 27/5.

45. Tarikh-e Yaghoubi, 164/2.

46. Aghani, 177/14.

47. Tabari, 188/5 & in Europ printing, 2951/1.

48. To get more information refer to Alghoran-ol Karim VA Revaiat-ol Modaresin.

49. Savad are the villages, hertile farms and gardens in Iraq which were conquered in Omar's days, this region was from Mussel to Abadan and from Azib to Ghodsie.

50. Ansab, 39-43/5.

51. Tarikh-e Tabari, 2914, printed in Europ, Ibn-e Abel Hadid, 160/1 & 134/2, fulfilled by Mohammad Abolfazl Ibrahim, printed in Cairo.

52. Ansab, 39-43/5, Tabari, 88-90, Ibn-e Athir, 57-60/3 & Ibn-e Abel Hadid, 158-60/1.

53. Tarikh-e Ibn-e Asaker, 233, Based on hand writing book.

54. Ansab-ol Ashraf, 30/5, Kamel (Ibn-e Athir), 73/3, Albaladie van Naharie (Ibn-e Kathir), 153-54/7.

55. Refers to Ansars swearing allegiance with Prophet in Medina which resulted in Prophet's immigration to Medina.

56. Tahzib (Ibn-e Asaker), 214/7, Saira Aelam-on Nabla, 10/2, Masnad-e Ahmad, 325/5.

57. Ibn-e Abel Hadid in his book "Sharhe Nahjol Balaghe" quotes

from Abdorrahman Ibn-e Sohail had heard from Prophet about

Maviye:" Prophet states:' soon, a person of my nation will appear

whose buttocks is big, his body channel is loose; he eats, but can't be

full . He is sinful as much as all men and jinnes. He rises to take the

power . If you find him, tear his belly to peaces; then Prophet pressed

the twig which was in his hand to Maviye's belly. Alasaba, 394/2,

first printing, printed in Egypt.

58. Alasaba, 394/2, Osd-olGhabah , 299/3, Alestilab, 400 & Tahzib-ot

Tahzib, 192/6.

59. Ansab-ol Ashraf, 49 & 54/5, Alaghd-ol Farid, 272/2, Alemamat-o vas Siasa (Ibn-e Ghatibah Dinvari) &Tarikh-e Yaghoubi, 150/2.

60. Manad-e Ahmad Hanbal, 62/1.

61. Ibn-e Abel Hadid, 67/1.

62. Almaruf (Ibn-e Ghatibah), 84, Ibn-e Abel Hadid, 66/1, Alaghd-ol Farid, 283/4, Ansab-ol Ashraf, 25/5 & 88, Tarikh-e Ibn-e Asaker, 11 & 140/1.

63. Ansab-ol Ashraf, 28/5.

64. The same source, 128/5.

65. The same source, 28 & 52/5.

66. Sirat-ol Halabia, 87/2 & Alaghd-ol Farid, 261/2.

67. Ansab-ol Ashraf, 28/5.

68. The same source, 30-35/5.

69. Tarikh-e Beihaghi, 168/2, Ibn-e Abel Hadid & 66/1, Alaghd-ol Farid, 283/4.

70. Ansab-ol Ashraf, 54-55/5.

71. Sahih-e Bokhari, 21/5, Bokhari estimates Zobeir properties about two millions, and two thousand Dirham, but others estimates it about two hundred fifty million and eight thousands Dinar, Fath-ol Bari, Ershad-os Sari, Amdat-ol Ghari and Shezrat-oz Zahab.

72. Ansab-ol Ashraf, 7/5, It is other than so many gift that is not mentioned, to get more information refer to Tabaghat-e Ibn-e Saed, 158/3, Morouj-oz Zahab, 434/1, Alaghd-ol Farid, 279/2, Ariaz-on Nazra, 258/2, Duvall-ol Islam (Zahabi), 18/1 & Alkholase (Khazraji), 152.

73. Tabaghat-e Ibn-e Saed, 105/3 & Morouj-oz Zahab, 434/1.

74. According to Tabaghat Ibn-e Saed, 53/3 & Morouj-oz Zahab 332/2, Othman in his murder day, had 30 million and 5 hundred thousand Dirham with his treasure.

75. Alestilab, 367-70, Alesaba, 309-10/2, Kamel (Ibn-e Athir), 38/3.

76. Morouj-oz Zahab, 434/1,

77. Tabaghat-e Ibn-e Saed, 96/3, Tarikh-e Yaghoubi, 146/2.

78. Ansab-ol Ashraf, 85/5.

79. Assavaegh-ol Mahragha, 68, Assiratol-ol Halabia, 78/2.

80. When the Badr warrior was giving 500 Dinar each year, Ibn-e Abel Hadid, 154/3 & Fotouh0ol Baladan, 550-65.

Chapter 12

1. Tarikh-e Ibn-e Atham, 46-47.

2. Ansab-ol Ashraf, 60/5, Tabari, 96-97/5, Ibn-e Athir, 63/3, Ibn-e Abel Hadid, 303/1, Ibn-e Kathir, 167/7, Abelfedae, 168/1.

3. Ansab-ol Ashraf, 63-64/5.

4. Tabari, 112/5, printed Europ, 2977-2979, Ibn-e Athir, 96/3 & Ansab-ol Ashraf, 65/5.

5. Tabari, 113/5 and printed Europ, 2979-2990/1.

6. They sword Moghaire when he was the governor of Basra, He was accused to commit adultery, but Omar didn't permitted to judged by law.

7. Amr-e Aas, before his acceptance of Islam, composed a poem in 60 Beit (120 lines) to reproach prophet.

8. Nabeghe was Amr-eAs mother, she was notorious of excite.

9. Ansab-ol Ashraf, 63-64/5.

10. The same sources, 25-26/5

11. The same sources, 63-65/5.

12. The revolution of Egyptian was before Othman's sermon.

13. Tabari, 115-16/5, printed in Europ, 2978-2789, Ibn-e Athir, 71-72/3 & Ibn-e Abel Hadid, 166/1.

14. Ansab-ol Ashraf, 67-68/5.

15. Tabari, 120-21/5, and printed Europ, 2955-2997/1.

16. Apparently, Ayesheh's order was before Othman's revelation of his letter to kill Mohammad Ibn-e Abu-Bakr, because after that she gave her order openly without considering saying his prayer.

17. Tabari, 474, printed in Cairo, 1357A.H, 3112, printed Europ, Tarikh-e Ibn-e Atham, 155, Kamel (Ibn-e Athir, 87/3, Ibn-e Abel Hadid, 77/2 & Nahaiat (Ibn-e Athir), 156/4.

18. To get more information refer to Ghamous-ol Loghah (Firuz Abadi), Taj-ol Aroos (Zobeidi) & Lesan-ol Arab (Ibn-e Manzour).

19. Tabari, 114/5, 2182/1, printed in Europ, Ansab-ol Ashraf, 47-48/5, Arriaz-on Nazrah, 123/2, Ibn-e Athir, 70/3, Ibn-e Abel Hadid, 165/1, Ibn-e Kathir, 175/7, Alesaba, 253/1 & Tarikh-ol Khamis, 260/2.

20. The same sources.

21. Ansab-ol Ashraf, 103/5.

22. The same source, 90/5.

23. The same source, 81/5.

24. Tarikh-e Yaghoubi, 124/2.

25. Ansab-ol Ashraf, 75/5.

26. Tarikh-e Yaghoubi, 124/2.

27. Ansab, 75/5, Ibn-e Atham, 155 & Tabaghat-e Ibn-e Saed, 25/5.

28. It is a place close to Medina that all historian called there Salsal.

29. Prophet's wives have been called Om (Mother).

30. Ansab-ol Ashraf, 75/5, Tabari, 140/5, 3040/1, printed in Europ & Tarikh-e Ibn-e Atham, 156.

31. Bani Hashim family and Bani Omaie family was cousin.

32. It means that don't interfere, my caliphate is certified.

33. Ansab-ol Ashraf, 78/5, Tabari, 154/5, Ibn-e Athir, 64/3, Kanz-ol Omal, 389/6, narrative 5965, Kamel (Mobarad), 11, Zohr-ol Adab, 75/1, Arrahmanie publication, Ibn-e Atham, 156-57 & Tabari, 3071/1, printed in Europ.

34. Tabari, 117/5, 2989, printed in Europ.

35. Ansab-ol Ashraf, 81/5.

36. The same source, 90/5.

37. Tabari, 113/5.

38. Ansab-ol Ashraf, 74/5.

39. Ibn-e Odais was the head of revelators.

40. Ansab-ol Ashraf, 69/5, Tabari, 118/5, 3021/1, printed in Europ & Ibn-e Athir, 68-70/3.

41. Ibn-e Abel Hadid, 404/2

42. The same source.

43. Ansab-ol Ashraf, 69-70/5.

44. The same source, 74/5.

45. Tabari, 143-44/5, 3046, printed in Europ, Ibn-e Athir, 76/3, Ibn-e Athim, 159 & Arriaz-on Nazra, 131-32/2

46. Tabari, 152-53/5, 3066, printed in Europ, Kanz-ol Omal,

161/3, narrative 2471, Ibn-e Athim, 160-61, Ansab-ol Ashraf,

70/5 & Almostadrak, 114/3.

47. Nahjol Balaghe, third sermon.