Alhassanain(p) Network for Heritage and Islamic Thought

Ultimate Questions in Philosophy of Religion

Author: Sheikh Mansour Leghaei
Publisher: www.al-islam.org
Category:

• Chapter 1: The Sleepwalkers!
• The Sleepwalkers
• Ancient Sophism
• Skepticism
• Examples of Illusion & Delusion
• The Simile of the Cave (First Part)
• Chapter 2: Living Awake
• The Inner Intuition
• Avicenna Vs Descartes
• Axiom (Self-evident knowledge)
• Philosophy Vs Sophism
• Types of Human Perception
• Rebuking the Sophists
• Instinctive Knowledge
• Answers to Dreams and Illusions
• Answers to Logical fallacies
• The Simile of the Cave (Last Part)
• Notes
• Chapter 3: Tools of Knowledge 1
• Types of Knowledge
• Definition of Knowledge
• Differences between Mind and Mirror
• Ignorance and its types
• Tools for Acquiring Knowledge
• Sense experience
• Characteristics of Sensory Perception
• Comments on Empiricism
• Rational perception
• Sign
• Note
• Chapter 4: Tools of Knowledge 2
• Self Purification
• Definition
• The Spectrum of Self Purification
• 1) Intuition
• a. The Natural World
• b. The Kingdom of Animals
• c. Human beings
• Types of Humane Instinct
• Example 1: Knowledge Lovers
• Example 2: Virtue Lovers
• Example 3: Beauty Lovers
• Example 4: Love Lovers
• 2) Inspiration
• 3) Revelation
• The Spectrum of Revelation
• Chapter 5: Plagues of Knowledge
• Plagues of the Mind
• 1) Personal Interest
• 2) Pride
• 4) Hypocrisy
• 5) Prejudice & Stubbornness
• 6) Blind Following
• 7) Superficial Observation
• 8) Statesmen's Influence
• 9) Propaganda
• 10) Indulging in Sins
• Two Tips for Researchers for Truth
• 1) Make No Assumptions
• 2) Do Not Justify
• Chapter 6: Do Things Exist Only When Perceived?!
• The Parable of the Blind Men and the Elephant
• Historical Background
• Chapter 7: God's Eye Point of View!
• Who goes to heaven Dad?
• Religious Pluralism
• The Central Core of Religious Pluralism
• Fundamentals of Religious Pluralism
• Major problems of Pluralism
• Problems that lead to religious pluralism
• Chapter 8: Religious Pluralism
• Islamic Perspective
• Argument
• Islam and Religious Coexistence
• Islamic principles to Achieve Religious Coexistence
• 1. No compulsion in religion
• 2. Logical debate and discussion
• 3. Divine Religions, grades of one school
• 4. The Principle of righteousness and Justice
• Religious Coexistence and the Prophetic Traditions
• Historical Cases
• 1. The Time of the Prophet Muhammad (saww)
• 2. After the Prophet Mohammad
• Notes
• Chapter 9: The Blueprint of Life
• Evolution or/and Creation
• Historical background
• The Roots of the Theory of Evolution
• 1. Paleontology (the study of fossils)
• 2. Distribution of Species
• 3. Anatomical Similarities
• 4. Molecular Similarities
• 5. Direct Observation
• 6. Determining Life's Origins
• Comments on the roots of the theory of evolution
• Conclusions to be drawn from this discussion
• Notes
• Chapter 10: Dad! But...Who Made God?!
• Who Has Made God?!
• 1. Questioning is an innovation (Just have faith)
• 2. Denial
• 3. Answer
• The Fallacy of the Question
• Every possible being needs a cause
• Does the World Have any Beginning?!
• Does the world need a Creator because it is timely finite?
• Historical Background
• Chapter 11: The Fingerprints of God
• Introduction
• His Fingerprint on Atom
• His Fingerprint on Insects
• His Fingerprint on Earth
• Atmosphere
• Water
• His Fingerprint on Sun
• Sun: the main supporter of life on earth
• His Fingerprint on Heavens
• Expanding Universe
• Prominent Scientists Find the Fingerprints of God
• Why some scientists do not believe in God?
• References for further study
• Notes
• Chapter 12: Einstein's Paradox
• God’s Omniscience and Man’s Freedom
• Introduction
• Definition
• Scope
• Psychology
• Ethics
• Law
• Fallacy of Darrow’s argument
• Religion
• 1) Christianity
• 2) Islam
• Philosophical Justification
• Paradoxes of Freedom in a logical argument
• There is No Moral Responsibility
• Norman Swartz
• Epistemic Determinism (The problem of foreknowledge)
• Conclusion
• Discovering the Fallacy
• Descriptive Laws & Prescriptive Laws
• Fallacy Discovered
• Conclusion
• Compatibility of Determinism & Free Will
• For Further Study
• Note
• Chapter 13: Monotheism, the Common Word
• Proofs of unity of God
• 1) Infinite Being
• Why God is necessarily infinite?
• 2) Universal Unity
• 3) Mathematical distinction
• 4) Unique invitation
• Trinity
• The Council of Nicea
• Do Christians really believe Jesus is God?
• A mystery called Trinity
• Trinity Vs Unity
• 1) Monotheism, the Chief Commandment
• 2) Trinity was blasphemy for the early Christians
• 3) Trinity is plurality of gods!
• 4) Trinity is illogical
• Does Trinity have a biblical proof?
• Who did Jesus worship?
• All gods died!
• Notes
• Chapter 14: The Alphabets of Religion
• The Head of Knowledge
• Teaching Monotheism during the war
• Aspects of Monotheism
• 1) Unity of God in His Essence
• Numeral Unity or Unique Unity (Al-wahdatul-Adadiya or Al-wahdataul-Ahadiya)
• The Most Perfect Description of Unity of God
• The Evident and the Hidden
• 2) Unity of God in His Attributes
• Proofs for the Unity of God in His Attributes
• The Meaning of Allahu-Akbar
• The Attribute of Knowledge
• Proofs of His Knowledge
• 2) God is with me
• Notes
• Chapter 15: The Paradox of “I or WE”
• 1) Creation
• 2) Who answers the call?
• 3) Who sends the revelation?
• 4) Who save(s)?
• 5) Who chooses?
• 6) Whom shall we worship?
• Chapter 16: Who does it? God Or Me!
• Monotheism in the Work of Allah
• Note
• Chapter 17: God, & the Problem of Evil
• Historical Background
• God and the problem of evil
• Definition
• Initial Evil & Real Evil
• Types of Evil
• Suggested Answers
• Christian Responses
• Notes
• Chapter 18: God, and the Solution of Evil
• Evil is nonbeing
• Relatively Evil
• Evil Disappears in the Gestalt Outlook
• Evil; a platform to Perfection
• Evil in the Quran
• Notes