Alhassanain(p) Network for Heritage and Islamic Thought

A History of Muslim Philosophy Volume ١

This book is corrected and edited by Al-Hassanain (p) Institue for Islamic Heritage and Thought

• A History of Muslim Philosophy Volume 1, Book 1: Pre-Islamic Philosophical Thought
• Preface
• Introduction
• A
• B
• C
• D
• E
• F
• Note
• Chapter 1:Pre-Islamic Indian Thought
• The Vedas
• Vedic Conception of God
• 1. Celestial Gods
• 2. Atmospheric Gods
• 3. Terrestrial Gods
• Vedic Eschatology
• Brahmanas
• Upanisads
• The Heterodox Systems
• 1. The Carvaka
• 2. Jainism
• 3. Buddhism
• The Philosophical Schools of Buddhism
• Systems of Indian Philosophy
• The Influence of Islam on Hinduism
• Bibliography
• Notes
• Chapter 2: Pre-Islamic Chinese Thought
• General Works
• Primary Sources
• Confucianism
• Taoism
• Mohism
• Chinese Epicureanism
• Legalism
• Notes
• Chapter 3: Pre-Islamic Iranian Thought
• 1. The Concept of Myth
• 2. Angelism
• 3. The Double Dualism
• 4. Time and Cycle
• 5. Conclusion
• Bibliography
• Notes
• Chapter 4: Greek Thought
• The Early Beginnings
• Greek Philosophy in the Mainland and the Islands of Asia Minor
• Ionic Philosophy
• Thales
• Anaximander
• Anaximenes
• Heraclitus
• Greek Philosophy in South Italy and Sicily
• 1. Pythagoras
• 2. The Eleatic School
• 3. Empedocles
• Greek Philosophy back to Asia Minor
• 1. Anaxagoras and Diogenes of Apollonia
• 2. The Atomists
• Lucippus
• Democritus
• Philosophy at Athens
• 1. Early Record
• 2. The Sophists
• The Problem of Knowledge and the Study of Man
• 3. Socrates
• 4. Plato
• 5. Aristotle
• 6. The Decline
• Bibliography
• Notes
• Chapter 5: Alexandrio Syriac Thought
• The Neo ‑Pythagoreans
• The Jewish‑Alexandrian Philosophy
• Neo‑Platonism
• Plotinus
• Porphyry
• Iamblichus
• Early Christianity
• References
• Notes
• Chapter 6: Pre Islamic Arabian Thought
• References
• Notes
• A History of Muslim Philosophy Volume 1, Book 2: Advent Of Islam, Fundamental Teachings Of The Qur'an
• Chapter 7: Philosophical Teachings of the Qur’an
• The Qur'an
• Ultimate Beauty: God and His Attributes
• He is the One and not one in a trinity
• God and the World ‑ God is omnipotent
• God's Relation to Man
• Soul
• Theory of Knowledge
• Man's Power
• Free Will
• Death
• Life after Death
• Notes
• Chapter 8: Ethical Teachings of the Qur’an
• Values
• Life
• Eternity
• Unity
• Power
• Truth or Wisdom
• Justice
• Love
• Goodness
• Beauty
• Disvalues
• Destruction of Life
• Scandal‑mongering and backbiting
• Things Momentary
• Lack of Unity
• Inertia
• Error
• Hypocrisy
• Injustice
• Hatred and Unkindness
• Moral Discipline
• Repentance
• Taqwa
• Notes
• Chapter 9: Economic and Political Teachings of the Qur’an
• Economic Teachings
• Political Teachings
• Notes
• Bibliography
• A History of Muslim Philosophy Volume 1, Book 3: Early Centuries (From The First/Seventh Century To The Fall Of Baghdad)
• Part 1: Theologico-Philosophical Movements
• Chapter 10: Mu’tazalism
• The General Mu’tazilite Position
• Some leading Mu’tazilites
• 1. Wasil ibn ` Ata
• 2. Abu al‑Hudhail `Allaf
• 3. Al‑Nazzam
• 4. Bishr ibn al‑Mu'tamir
• 5. Mu'ammar
• Hafiz has expressed the same idea in his own words thus
• 6. Thamamah
• 7. Al‑Jahiz
• 8. Al‑Jubba'i
• 9. Abu Hashim
• The End
• Bibliography
• Notes
• Chapter 11: Ash’arism
• Al-Ashari’s Life and Work
• Ash’arite Theology
• Fundamental Principles Of The Ash'arite Theology
• 1. Conception of God and the Nature of His Attributes
• 2. Free will
• 3. The Problem of Reason and Revelation and the Criterion of Good and Evil
• 4. The Problem of the Eternity of the Qur'an
• 5. The Problem of the Beatific Vision
• Ash’arite Metaphysics
• Ash'arite Atomism
• Bibliography
• Notes
• Chapter 12: Tahawism
• Tahawi’s Life and Works
• Nature of Faith
• God’s Essence and Attributes
• Throne of Allah
• Beatific Vision
• Speech of God and the Qur'an
• Divine Will and Human Freedom
• Conclusion
• Bibliography
• Notes
• Chapter 13: Maturidism
• Life and Works of Maturidi
• Method
• Criticism of the Mu’taziltes
• Maturidi’s System
• Relation between God and Man
• Divine Attributes
• Beatific Vision
• Conclusion
• Bibliography
• Notes
• Chapter 14: Zahirism
• Background
• Dawid ibn ‘Ali, His Doctrine and His School
• The Zahirite School in Muslim Spain
• 1. Al-Balluti
• 2. Ibn Hazm
• Life and Works
• Ibn Hazm's Rationalism
• Philosophy and Science
• Zahirism after Ibn Hazm
• Bibliography
• Notes
• Chapter 15: Ikhwan al-Safa
• Introduction
• System and Theories
• 1. Classification of the Sciences
• 2. Theory of Knowledge
• 3. Metaphysics
• Form and Matter
• Space and Time
• Motion
• Causality
• Number
• Being and Emanation
• Macrocosm and Microcosm
• The Individual Soul (al‑Nafs al‑Juz'iyyah) and Its Fall
• Lesser and Greater Resurrections, Paradise and Hell
• 4. Nature and the Sciences
• 5. Psychology
• 6. Politics
• 7. Ethics
• 8. Education
• 9. Religion
• Final Note
• Bibliography
• Notes
• Part 2: The Sufis
• Chapter 16: Early Sufis Doctrine
• A
• B
• C
• Notes
• Chapter 17: Early Sufis (Continued)
• Sufis Before Al Hallaj
• By B.A. Dar
• Al-Hallaj
• By Louis Massignon
• Bibliography
• Early Sufis
• Al-Hallaj
• Notes
• Chapter 18: ’Abd Al-Qadir Jilani and Shihab Al-Din Suhrawardi
• Abd Al-Qadir Jilani
• Shihab Al-Din Suhrawardi
• Origin of Sufism
• What is Sufism?
• Psychology: Soul, Appetitive Self, Heart
• Mystery (Sirr)
• Reason ('Aql)
• State and Station (Hal wa Maqam)
• Love
• Nearness (Qurb)
• Bashfulness (Haya')
• Union (Ittisal)
• Contraction and Expansion (Qabd wa Bast)
• Annihilation and Abiding (Fana' wa Baqa')
• Union and Separation (Jam' wa Tafriqah)
• Process of Self-Purification
• Bibliography
• Notes
• Chapter 19: Shihab al-Din Suhrawardi Maqtul
• Life, Works and Sources of Doctrines
• The Meaning of Ishraq
• The Orient and Occident in Sacred Geography
• Hikmat al-Ishraq
• Vegetative soul (al-nafs al-nabatiyyah)
• Animal soul (al-nafs al-hayawaniyyah)
• The Initiatory Narratives
• The Ishraqi Tradition
• Bibliography
• Notes
• Chapter 20: Ibn `Arabi
• Life And Works
• Pattern Of Thought And Style
• Controversy About His Orthodoxy
• Influence On Future Sufism
• From Throne to Carpet, all that is doth seem
• Doctrines
• Unity of All Being
• Notion of Deity
• God and Man
• Ethical and Religious Implications
• Conclusion
• Bibliography
• Notes
• Part 3: The Philosophers
• Chapter 21: Al-Kindi
• Life
• Works
• Philosophy
• Harmony Between Philosophy And Religion
• God
• Infinity
• Soul And Intellect
• Bibliography
• Notes
• Chapter 22 : Muhammad Ibn Zakariya Al-Razi
• Life
• Al-Razi's Masters and Opponents
• Works
• Philosophy
• 1. Method
• 2. Metaphysics
• (i) God
• (ii) Soul
• (iii) Matter
• (iv) Space
• (v) Time
• Theology
• Moral Philosophy
• Conclusion
• Bibliography
• A. Ancient Sources
• B. Modern Studies
• C. Editions of Philosophical Works
• Notes
• Chapter 23: Al-Farabi
• Life
• Works
• Philosophy
• 1. Logic
• 2. The Unity of Philosophy
• 3. Theory of the Ten Intelligences
• 4. Theory of the Intellect
• 5. Theory of Prophecy
• 6. Interpretation of the Qur'an
• Conclusion
• Bibliography
• A. Life
• B. Works
• C. Philosophy
• Notes
• Chapter 24: Miskawaih
• Life
• Works
• Miskawaih's Personality
• Philosophy
• First Philosophy
• Psychology
• Moral Philosophy
• Spiritual Medicine
• Philosophy of History
• Bibliography
• A. Works
• B. Studies
• Notes
• Chapter 25: Ibn Sina
• The Doctrine Of Being
• The Body-Mind Relationship
• Theory Of Knowledge
• God And The World
• Influence On The East And The West
• Bibliography
• Notes
• Chapter 26: Ibn Bajjah
• His Predecessors
• His Contemporaries
• Works
• Philosophy
• Matter And Form
• Psychology
• Intellect And Knowledge
• God, The Fountain-Head Of Knowledge
• Political Philosophy
• Ethics
• Mysticism
• Bibliography
• Notes
• Chapter 27: Ibn Tufail
• Life And Works
• Creed Of The Muwahhids
• Hayy Bin Yaqzan
• Summary
• Sources
• Object of the Treatise
• Doctrines
• World
• God
• Light Cosmology
• Epistemology
• Ethics
• Philosophy and Religion
• Influence
• Bibliography
• Notes
• Chapter 28: Ibn Rushd
• Introduction
• Philosophy And Religion
• The Way To God
• The Way To Knowledge
• The Way To Science
• The Way To Being
• Notes
• Chapter 29: Nasir Al-Din Tusi
• Life
• The Maraghah Observatory
• Works
• Akhlaq-I Nasiri
• Ethics
• Domestic Science
• Politics
• Source Of Practical Philosophy
• Psychology
• Nature of the Soul
• Faeulties of the Soul
• Metaphysics
• God
• Creatio ex nihilo
• Prophethood
• Good And Evil
• Logic
• Review
• Bibliography
• Notes
• Part 4: The Middle-Roaders
• Chapter 30: Al-Ghazali Part 1 - Metaphysics
• A. Introduction
• B. Life
• C. Method
• D. Attack On The Philosophers
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Method and Problems of Tahafut
• 2) denial of God’s knowledge of the particulars, and
• 3. Eternity of the World
• 4. Theory of Emanation
• 5. God’s Knowledge of the Particulars
• 6. Causality
• Notes
• Chapter 31: Al-Ghazali Part 2
• A. Mysticism
• 1. Introduction
• 2. God
• 3. Soul
• 4. Religious Experience and Moral and Intellectual Values
• 5. Pantheism
• B. Ethics
• C. Influence
• Bibliography
• Notes
• Chapter 32: Fakhr Al-Razi
• A. Life, Signficance Of Thought And Works
• C. Philosophy
• D. The Sciences
• E. Commentaries Upon The Qur’an
• G. Dialectic, Rhetoric, And Poetry
• H. Sufism
• I. The Significance And Influence Of Imam Razi
• Bibliography
• Notes
• Part 5: Political Thinkers
• Chapter 33: Political Thought In Early Islam
• A. Principles of Islamic Polity
• B. Early Caliphate and its Characteristic Features
• Elective Caliphate
• Government by Consultation
• The Exchequer, a Trust
• Ideal Government
• Rule of Law
• Absence of Bias
• C. Theological Differences and Schisms
• The Shi‘ah
• The Khawarij
• The Murji’ah
• The Mu‘tazilah
• The Major Section
• Bibliography
• Notes
• Chapter 34: Abu Hanifah and Abu Yusuf
• Life
• Abu Hanifah’s Pronouncements and Opinions
• Al-Fiqh al-Akbar
• Abu Hanifah on State and Caliphate
• The Problem of Sovereignty and Legislation
• Establishment of the Caliphate
• A Caliph’s Qualifications
• The Exchequer and the Public’s Right of Ownership
• Separation of the Judiciary from the Executive
• Freedom of Expression: A Right and a Duty
• The Question of Rebellion against Tyrannical Rule
• Private Council and Codification of Islamic Law
• B. Abu Yusuf
• Brief Life Sketch
• Kitab al-Kharaj
• Reversion to the “Right-guided” Caliphate
• Spirit of Democracy
• Duties of the Caliph
• Duties of Muslim Citizens
• The Exchequer
• Principles of Taxation
• Rights of non-Muslim Subjects
• Land Settlement
• Redress of Wrong
• The Judiciary
• Personal Liberty
• Jail Reforms
• Bibliography
• Notes
• Chapter 35: Al-Farabi
• A. Society And Its Goal
• The City State
• Necessity of Society
• How to Achieve Happiness
• B. Human Nature
• C. Education
• The Imaginative Virtue
• D. The Chief
• E. Characteristics Of The Chief Of The Ideal State
• F. The Ideal State
• G. Arts And Blessings
• H. Inhabitants Of The Ideal State
• I. Imperfect States
• J. Conclusion
• Bibliography
• Notes
• Chapter 36: Al-Mawardi
• A. Life And Works
• B. Political Theory
• C. Succession
• D. Designation And Privileges
• E. Duties And Functions Of The Imam
• F. Deposition Of The Imam
• G. Conclusion
• Bibliography
• Notes
• Chapter 37: Political Theory Of The Shiites
• Political Theory Of The Ismailites
• Bibliography
• Note
• Chapter 38: Nizam Al-Mulk Tusi
• Bibliogrraphy
• Notes
• Chapter 39: Al-Ghazali
• Bibliography
• Notes