Alhassanain(p) Network for Heritage and Islamic Thought

152 - الرياء

152 SHOWING OFF

784 - ذَمُّ الرِّياءِ

784 THE CENSURE OF SHOWING OFF

(وَلا تَكُونُوا كَالَّذِينَ خَرَجُوا مِنْ دِيارِهِم بَطَرَاً وَرِئَاءَ النّاسِ وَيَصُدُّونَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا يَعْمَلُونَ مُحِيطٌ)1

“Do not be like those who left their homes vainly and to show off to the people, and to bar [other people] from the way of Allah, and Allah comprehends what they do.” 2

2465. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله: ويلٌ للذينَ يَجتَلِبُونَ الدنيا بالدِّينِ ، يَلبَسُونَ للناسِ جُلودَ الضَّأنِ مِن لِينِ ألسِنَتِهِم ، كلامُهُم أحلى‏ مِن العَسَلِ وقُلوبُهُم قُلوبُ الذِئابِ ، يقولُ اللَّهُ تعالى‏ : أبي يَغتَرُّونَ ؟!3

2465. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'Woe betide those who trade their religion for the life of this world - in front of people they are soft-spoken and their words are sweeter than honey, but they are wolves in sheep's clothing4 , and Allah says regarding them, 'Are they too hopeful in me [while doing nothing]?'5

2466. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : إنّ المَلَكَ لَيَصعَدُ بعَملِ العَبدِ مُبتَهِجاً بهِ ، فإذا صَعِدَ بحَسَناتِهِ يقولُ اللَّهُ عزّوجلّ : اجعَلُوها في سِجِّينٍ إنّهُ لَيسَ إيّايَ أرادَ بِها6

2466. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'Verily the angel [charged with man's deeds] rises up with man's good deeds, delighted on account of them, but as he is lifting up his good deeds, Allah tells him, 'Go and place them in the Sijjin7 , as he did not perform these deeds for Me.'8

2467. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : إنّ المُرائيَ يُنادى‏ يَومَ القِيامَةِ : يا فاجِرُ ! يا غادِرُ ! يا مُرائي ! ضَلَّ عَمَلُكَ ، وبَطَلَ أجرُكَ ، اذهَبْ فَخُذْ أجرَكَ مِمَّن كُنتَ تَعمَلُ لَهُ9

2467. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'The show-off will be called on the Day of Resurrection: O shameless liar! O treacherous one! O show-off! Your deeds are lost, and the reward for your deeds is lost. Go and get your reward from those you intended to please by your actions.'10

2468. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : يقولُ اللَّهُ سبحانَهُ : إنّي أغنَى الشُّرَكاءِ فَمَن عَمِلَ عَمَلاً ثُمّ أشرَكَ فيهِ غَيرِي فأنا مِنهُ بَرِي‏ءٌ ، وهو لِلَّذِي أشرَكَ بهِ دُوني11

2468. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'Allah, glory be to Him, says, 'I am the most self-sufficient and richest of partners, for whoever performs a deed for Me as well as for someone else alongside Me, [know that] I am free from need of his action and I leave it for the one that he associated with Me.'12

2469. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : إنّ اللَّهَ لا يَقبَلُ عَملاً فيهِ مِثقالُ ذَرَّةٍ مِن رياءٍ13

2469. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'Verily Allah does not accept a deed that is performed with even an atom's weight of showing off in it.'14

2470. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله - حِينَ سَألَهُ رَجُلٌ : يا رسولَ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله ، فِيمَ النَّجاةُ ؟ - : أن لا يَعمَلَ العَبدُ بطاعَةِ اللَّهِ يُريدُ بها الناسَ15

2470. The Prophet (SAWA) was once asked, 'Where does salvation lie?' to which he replied, 'In that the servant must not perform acts of obedience to Allah whilst intending them for other people [to see].'16

2471. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : ما أقبَحَ بِالإنسانِ باطِناً عَليلاً وظاهِراً جَميلاً !17

2471. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'How ugly the man who is sick inwardly and beautiful outwardly.'18

2472. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : اللّهُمّ إنّي أعوذُ بكَ مِن أن تَحسُنَ في لامِعَةِ العُيونِ عَلَانِيَتِي ، وتَقبُحَ فيما اُبطِنُ لكَ سَرِيرَتي ، مُحافِظاً على رئاءِ الناسِ مِن نَفسِي بجَميعِ ما أنتَ مُطَّلِعٌ علَيهِ مِنّي ، فَاُبدِيَ لِلناسِ حُسنَ ظاهري واُفضِيَ إليكَ بِسُوءِ عَمَلِي ، تَقَرُّباً إلى‏ عِبادِكَ وتَباعُداً مِن مَرضاتِكَ19

2472. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'O Allah I seek refuge in You from looking good in the gleaming mirror of people's eyes whilst my inward self that I conceal [from others] be ugly in front of You, and from guarding myself [against sins] only for show in front of people whilst You know all there is to know about me, such that I may display my good side to people, leaving the bad deeds for You, in seeking nearness to mere servants of Yours and getting further and further away from Your good pleasure.'20

2473. الإمامُ الباقرُ عليه السلام : مَن كانَ ظاهِرُهُ أرجَحَ مِن باطِنِهِ خَفَّ مِيزانُهُ21

2473. Imam al-Baqir (AS) said, 'He whose outward appearance is superior to his inward self will have a very light scale of good deeds.'22

2474. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : إيّاك والرياءَ؛ فإنّهُ مَن عَمِلَ لِغَيرِ اللَّهِ وَكَلَهُ اللَّهُ إلى‏ مَن عَمِلَ لَهُ23

2474. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'Beware of showing off, for whoever performs good deeds for anyone other than Allah, Allah relegates him to the one he acted for.'24

Notes

1. الأنفال : 47 .

2. Qur'an 8 :47

3. أعلام الدين : 295 .

4. lit. their hearts are wolves' hearts (ed.)

5. Alam al-Din, no. 295

6. الكافي : 2 / 295 / 7 .

7. Sijjin: proper name given in the Qur'an to a written record of the evildoers' deeds (ed.)

8. al-Kafi, v. 2 , p. 295 , no. 7

9. منية المريد : 318 .

10. Munyat al-Murid, p. 318

11. عدّة الداعي : 203 .

12. Uddat al-Dai, p. 203

13. تنبيه الخواطر : 1 / 187 .

14. Tanbih al-Khawatir, v. 1 , p. 187

15. تنبيه الخواطر : 1 / 186 .

16. Ibid. p. 186

17. غرر الحكم : 9661 .

18. Ghurar al-Hikam, no. 9661

19. نهج البلاغة : الحكمة 276 و في شرح نهج البلاغة : 19 / 167 / 282 « رثاء» بدل «رياء » .

20. Nahj al-Balagha, Saying 276

21. الأمالي للصدوق : 580 / 798 .

22. Amali al-Saduq, p. 398 , no. 8

23. الكافي : 2 / 293 / 1 .

24. al-Kafi, v. 2 , p. 293 , no. 1

785 - الرِّياءُ وَالشِّركُ‏

785 SHOWING OFF AND POLYTHEISM

2475. عدّة الداعي عن رسول اللَّه صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : إنّ أخوَفَ ما أخافُ علَيكُمُ الشِّركَ الأصغرَ قالوا : وما الشِّركُ الأصغَرُ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ ؟ قالَ : الرياءُ1

2475. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'The worst thing I fear for you is minor polytheism.' When asked what he meant by this, he replied, 'Showing off.'2

2476. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : اِعلَمُوا أنَّ يَسِيرَ الرياءِ شِركٌ3

2476. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'Know that even the slightest showing off is tantamount to polytheism.'4

2477. الإمامُ الباقرُ عليه السلام: سُئلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله عن تفسيرِ قَولِ اللَّهِ: (فَمَنْ كانَ يَرْجُو لِقاءَ رَبِّهِ فَلْيَعمَلْ عَمَلاً صَالِحاً وَلَا يُشْرِكْ بِعِبادَةِ رَبِّهِ أَحَداً) فقال : مَن صَلَّى مُراءاةَ الناسِ فهُو مُشرِكٌ ومَن عَمِلَ عَملاً مِمّا أمَرَ اللَّهُ بهِ مُراءاةَ الناسِ فهُو مُشرِكٌ5

2477. Imam al-Baqir (AS) said, 'The Prophet (SAWA) was once asked about the interpretation of Allah's words in the Qur'an:“So whoever expects to encounter his Lord, let him act righteously, and not associate anyone with the worship of Allah” 6 He replied, 'He who performs prayer in order to show people is a polytheist and he who performs any act commanded by Allah to show people is a polytheist.'7

انظر : عنوان 215 « الشرك » .

(See also: POLYTHEISM)

Notes

1. عدّة الداعي : 214 .

2. Uddat al-Dai, p. 214

3. تحف العقول : 151 .

4. Tuhaf al-Uqul, no. 151

5. تفسير القمّي : 2 / 47 .

6. Qur'an 18 :110

7. Tafsir al-Qummi, v. 2 , p. 47

786 - سوءُ عاقِبَةِ أهلِ الرِّياءِ

786 THE EVIL OUTCOME OF THOSE WHO SHOW OFF

2478. مستدرك الوسائل : قال رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : إنّ النارَ وأهلَها يَعِجُّونَ مِن أهلِ الرياءِ ، فقيلَ : يا رسولَ اللَّهِ ، وكيفَ تَعِجُّ النارُ ؟! قالَ : مِن حَرِّ النارِ التي يُعَذَّبُونَ بها1

2478. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'Verily the Hellfire and its inmates rage on account of those who used to show off.' When asked how the Hellfire rages, he replied, 'It rages on account of the intense heat with which they are being punished.'2

2479. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : يُجاءُ بعَبدٍ يَومَ القِيامَةِ قد صَلّى‏ فيقولُ : يا ربِّ صَلَّيتُ ابتِغاءَ وَجهِكَ فيُقالُ لَهُ : بل صَلَّيتَ لِيُقالَ ما أحسَنَ صلاةَ (فلانٍ)3 ، اِذهَبُوا بِهِ إلى النارِ4

2479. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'On the Day of Resurrection, a servant who used to pray regularly will be brought forth, and he will beg, 'O Lord, I prayed in seeking Your pleasure', and he will be told, 'No, you prayed so that people would say how beautiful your prayer was. Take him to the Fire.'5

Notes

1. مستدرك الوسائل : 1 / 107 / 109 .

2. Mustadrak al-Wasa'il, v. 1 , p. 107 , no. 109

3. ما بين الهلالين أثبتناه من بحار الأنوار : 72 / 301 / 44 .

4. الزهد للحسين بن سعيد : 63 / 166 .

5. Bihar al-Anwar, v. 72 , p. 301 , no. 44 , and al-Zuhd, p. 63 , no. 166

787 - عَلاماتُ المُرائي‏

787 THE DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS OF A SHOW OFF

2480. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : ثلاثُ علاماتٍ لِلمُرائي : يَنشَطُ إذا رَأى الناسَ ، ويَكسَلُ إذا كانَ وَحدَهُ ، ويُحِبُّ أن يُحمَدَ في جَميعِ اُمُورِهِ1

2480. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'Three characteristics distinguish a show off: he is energetic and active whilst in the presence of people, he is lazy when he is by himself, and he loves to be praised for everything.'2

Notes

1. الكافي : 2 / 295 / 8 .

2. al-Kafi, v. 2 , p. 295 , no. 8

788 - النَّوادِرُ

788 MISCELLANEOUS

2481. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : السِّرُّ أفضَلُ مِن العَلانِيَةِ، والعلانِيَةُ لِمَن أرادَ الاقتِداءَ1

2481. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'Performing actions in secret is better than performing them publicly, except for the one who wishes to set an example.'2

2482. الإمامُ الباقرُ عليه السلام - لمّا سَألَهُ زرارةُ عن الرَّجُلِ يَعمَلُ الشي‏ءَ مِن الخَيرِ فَيَراهُ إنسانٌ فَيَسُرُّهُ ذلكَ - : لا بَأسَ ، ما مِن أحدٍ إلّا وهُو يُحِبُّ أن يَظهَرَ لَهُ في الناسِ الخَيرُ ، إذا لَم يَكُن صَنَعَ ذلكَ لذلكَ3

2482. Imam al-Baqir (AS) was once asked by his companion Zurara, about a man who performs a good deed which people happen to see, and which he feels good about as a result. Imam replied, 'It does not matter as long as he did not [originally] perform the action for that purpose. Everyone naturally wants people to see them as good.'4

2483. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : مَن عَمِلَ حَسَنَةً سِرّاً كُتِبَت لَهُ سِرّاً ، فإذا أقَرَّ بها مُحِيَتْ وكُتِبَت جَهراً ، فإذا أقَرَّ بها ثانياً مُحِيَت وكُتِبَت رياءً5

2483. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'The deed of one who performs it in secret is recorded down as a secret action. If he admits to having performed it [when asked], the previous record is erased and it is recorded instead as a public action. If he subsequently avers it himself, however, the previous record is erased and it is recorded instead as showing off.'6

Notes

1. كنز العمّال : 5273 .

2. Kanz al-Ummal, no. 5273

3. الكافي : 2 / 297 / 18 .

4. al-Kafi, v. 2 , p. 297 , no. 18

5. عدّة الداعي : 221 .

6. Uddat al-Dai, p. 221

153 - الرأي‏

153 OPINION

789 - ما يوجِبُ إصابَةَ الرَّأيِ‏

789 THAT WHICH RENDERS AN OPINION VALID

2484. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : الرَّأيُ مع الأناةِ ، وبِئسَ الظَّهيرُ الرأيُ الفَطيرُ1 .2

2484. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'The [valid] opinion comes from balanced judgment, whilst the impetuous and rash opinion is a vile foundation indeed.'3

2485. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : اِضرِبُوا بعضَ الرأيِ ببعضٍ يَتَوَلَّدْ مِنهُ الصَّوابُ4

2485. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'Use some opinions to attack other opinions and the valid one will emerge thereof.'5

2486. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : مَنِ استَقبَلَ وُجوهَ الآراءِ عَرَفَ مَواقِعَ الخَطَأِ6

2486. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'He who tackles all sides of an opinion [different opinions] will know where the pitfalls lie.'7

2487. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : أفضَلُ الناسِ رَأْياً مَن لا يَستَغنِي عن رَأيِ مُشِيرٍ8

2487. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'The man with the best opinion is he who does not write off the need for a second opinion from someone else.'9

Notes

1. الفطير : كلّ شي‏ء أعجلته عن إدراكه ، يقال : إيّاك والرأي الفطير (الصحاح : 2 / 782 ) .

2. بحار الأنوار : 78 / 81 / 76 .

3. Bihar al-Anwar, v. 78 , p. 81 , no. 76

4. غرر الحكم : 2567 .

5. Ghurar al-Hikam, no. 2567

6. نهج البلاغة : الحكمة 173 .

7. Nahj al-Balagha, Saying 173

8. غرر الحكم : 3152 .

9. Ghurar al-Hikam, no. 3152

790 - آثارُ الاستِبدادِ بِالرَّأيِ‏

790 THE CONSEQUENCES OF OBSTINATELY HOLDING ONE'S OWN OPINION

2488. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : مَنِ استَبَدَّ برأيِهِ هَلَكَ ، ومَن شاوَرَ الرِّجالَ شارَكَها في عُقُولِها1

2488. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'He who obstinately holds his own opinion is ruined, and he who consults other people shares in their collective understanding.'2

2489. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : ما اُعجِبَ برأيِهِ إلّا جاهِلٌ3

2489. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'Only an ignorant person is proud of his own opinion.'4

2490. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : المُستَبِدُّ برأيِهِ مَوقوفٌ على‏ مَداحِضِ الزَّلَلِ5

2490. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'The one who adamantly holds his own opinion has based it on a shaky and erroneous argument.'6

Notes

1. نهج البلاغة : الحكمة 161 .

2. Nahj al-Balagha, Saying 161

3. غرر الحكم : 9471 .

4. Ghurar al-Hikam, no. 9471

5. بحار الأنوار : 75 / 105 / 41 .

6. Bihar al-Anwar, v. 75 , p. 105 , no. 41

791 - ما يَهدِمُ الرَّأيَ‏

791 FACTORS THAT DESTROY AN OPINION

2491. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : اللَّجاجةُ تَسُلُّ الرأيَ.1

2491. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'Stubbornly insisting upon one's opinion destroys it.'2

2492. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : لَيسَ لِحاقِنٍ رأيٌ.3

2492. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'A recluse does not have any opinions.'4

انظر : عنوان 352 « اللجاج » .

(See also: STUBBORNNESS 352)

Notes

1. نهج البلاغة : الحكمة 179 .

2. Nahj al-Balagha, Saying 179

3. الأمالي للطوسي : 301 / 595 .

4. Amali al-Tusi, p. 301 , no. 595

792 - الدَّولَةُ وصَوابُ الرَّأيِ‏

792 THE GOVERNMENT AND THE VALIDITY OF ITS OPINION

2493. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : صَوابُ الرَّأيِ بالدُّوَلِ ، يُقبِلُ بِإقبالِها ويَذهَبُ بذَهابِها1

2493. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'The validity of the opinion of the day changes with governments - when a new government arrives on the scene, so does its opinion [and is accepted as being valid], and when it goes, so does that opinion.'2

Notes

1. نهج البلاغة : الحكمة 339 .

2. Nahj al-Balagha, Saying 339

793 - استِعمالُ الرَّأي فِي الدِّينِ‏

793 ACTING ON ONE'S OPINION IN RELIGIOUS MATTERS

2494. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : تَعمَلُ هذهِ الاُمّةُ بُرهَةً مِن كتابِ اللَّهِ ، ثُمّ تَعمَلُ بُرهةً بِسُنَّةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ ، ثُمّ تَعمَلُ بالرأيِ ، فإذا عَمِلُوا بالرأيِ فقد ضَلُّوا وأضَلُّوا1

2494. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'This community acts upon the Book of Allah for a little while, then it acts upon the practice of the Prophet of Allah for a little while, then it acts upon its own opinion. And when they act based on their own opinion, they themselves go astray and lead others astray too.'2

2495. كنز العمّال : قالَ الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : ثلاثةٌ لا يُقبَلُ مَعهُنَّ عَمَلٌ : الشِّركُ ، والكُفرُ ، والرأيُ قالوا : يا أميرَ المؤمنينَ : ما الرَّأْيُ ؟ قالَ : تَدَعُ كتابَ اللَّهِ وسُنَّةَ رسولِهِ وتَعمَلُ بالرَّأيِ3

2495. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'Action is unacceptable when based on any of three things: polytheism, infidelity and one's own opinion. When asked what action based on an opinion meant, he replied, 'It is when you leave the Book of Allah and the practice of His Prophet and act upon your own opinion.'4

Notes

1. كنز العمّال : 915 .

2. Kanz al-Ummal, no. 915

3. كنز العمّال : 1640 .

4. Ibid. no. 1640

794 - الاجتِهادُ فِي الرَّأيِ‏

794 SINCERE EFFORT REQUIRED IN FORMULATING ONE'S OPINION

2496. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : إنَّ الواليَ إذا اجتَهَدَ فَأصابَ الحَقَّ فلَهُ أجرانِ ، وإنِ اجتَهَدَ فَأخطَأَ الحقَّ فلَهُ أجرٌ واحِدٌ1

2496. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'If a governor, sincerely exerts himself when formulating his opinion [on a legal edict], if his ruling is correct, he is rewarded doubly for it, and if in his ruling he is mistaken, he is still rewarded for his effort.'2

2497. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : مَنِ اجتَهَدَ رَأيَهُ في نَصيحَةِ العامَّةِ فلَهُ ما نَوى‏ ، وقد قَضى‏ ما علَيهِ3

2497. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'When someone who is in a position to advise people sincerely exerts himself when formulating his opinion, he is rewarded according to his intention, and has done his duty.4

Notes

1. كنز العمّال : 14110 .

2. Ibid. no. 14110

3. وقعة صفّين : 95 .

4. Waqat Siffin, p. 95 , and Nahj al-Saada, v. 2 , p. 97

154 - الربا

154 USURY

795 - التَّحذيرُ مِن الرِّبا

795 Warning Against Usury

2498. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : إنّ اللَّهَ عزّوجلّ لَعَنَ آكِلَ الرِّبا ومُوكِلَهُ وكاتِبَهُ وشاهِدَيهِ1

2498. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'Verily Allah, Mighty and Exalted, curses the usurer, his agent, his scribe and his two witnesses.'2

2499. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : أتَيتُ ليلةَ اُسرِيَ بِي على‏ قَومٍ بُطونُهُم كالبيوتِ فيها الحَيّاتُ تُرى‏ مِن خارجِ بُطونِهِم ، فقلتُ : مَن هؤلاءِ يا جَبرئيلُ ؟ قالَ : هؤلاءِ أكَلَةُ الرِّبا3

2499. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'During my Night-Journey up to the heavens, I was taken to a people whose bellies were as large as houses and contained serpents that could be seen from outside their bellies. I asked, 'Who are these people, O Gabriel?' He replied, 'They are the usurers.'4

2500. الإمامُ الباقرُ عليه السلام : أخبَثُ المَكاسِبِ ، كَسبُ الرِّبا5

2500. Imam al-Baqir (AS) said, 'The most despicable of professions [or profits] is the earning from usury.'6

2501. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : آكِلُ الرِّبا لا يَخرُجُ مِنَ الدنيا حتّى‏ يَتَخَبَّطَهُ الشيطانُ7

2501. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'The usurer only leaves this world after Satan makes him insane.'8

2502. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : دِرهَمُ ربا أعظَمُ عِندَ اللَّهِ عزّوجلّ مِن سَبعينَ زَنيةً كلّها بِذاتِ مَحرمٍ في بيتِ اللَّهِ الحرامِ9

2502. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'A dirham earned by usury is worse in the sight of Allah than seventy counts of incest in the Holy Sanctuary of Allah.'10

Notes

1. الأمالي للصدوق : 511 / 707 .

2. Amali al-Saduq, p. 346 , no. 1

3. كنز العمّال : 31857 .

4. Kanz al-Ummal, no. 31857

5. الكافي : 5 / 147 / 12 .

6. al-Kafi, v. 5 , p. 147 , no. 12

7. تفسير العيّاشي : 1 / 152 / 503 .

8. Tafsir al-Ayyashi, v. 1 , p. 152 , no. 503

9. كتاب من لا يحضره الفقيه : 4 / 367 / 5762 .

10. al-Faqih, v. 4 , p. 367 , no. 5762

796 - حِكمَةُ تَحريمِ الرِّبا

796 The Wisdom Behind the Prohibition OF USURY

2503. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام - لَمّا سَألَهُ هِشامُ بنُ الحَكَمِ عن عِلَّةِ تَحريمِ الرِّبا - : إنّهُ لَو كانَ الرِّبا حلالاً لَتَرَكَ الناسُ التِّجاراتِ وما يَحتاجونَ إلَيهِ فحَرَّمَ اللَّهُ الرِّبا لتَفِرَّ1 الناسُ عنِ الحرامِ إلى التِّجاراتِ وإلى البَيعِ والشِّراءِ فَيَتَّصِلَ ذلكَ بَينَهُم في القَرضِ2

2503. Imam al-Sadiq (AS), when asked by Hisham b. al-Hakam about the reason behind the prohibition of usury, replied, 'Were usury to be permissible, people would abandon their trading and other necessities, so Allah prohibited usury in order that man may flee from the unlawful [means of earning] to trade, and resort to buying and selling, and this in turn facilitates borrowing from each other.'3

2504. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام - لَمَّا سُئلَ عن عِلَّةِ تحريمِ الرِّبا - : لئلّا يَتَمانَعَ الناسُ المَعروفَ4

2504. When Imam al-Sadiq (AS) was asked the reason behind the prohibition of usury, he replied, 'So that people may not withhold common courtesy from each other.'5

Notes

1. في وسائل الشيعة ( 12 / 424 / 8) : « لِتنفر الناس من الحرام إلى الحلال وإلى التجارات من البيع والشراء ، فيبقى ذلك بينهم في القرض » .

2. بحار الأنوار : 103 / 119 / 24 .

3. Bihar al-Anwar, v. 103 , p. 119 ,no. 24

4. بحار الأنوار : 78 / 201 / 32 .

5. Ibid. v. 78 , p. 201 , no. 32

797 - ما يوجِبُ الارتِطامَ فِي الرِّبا

797 That Which Leads One to Become INVOLVED IN USURY

2505. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : مَعاشِرَ الناسِ ، الفِقهَ ثُمَّ المَتجَرَ ، واللَّهِ لَلرِّبا في هذِهِ الاُمَّةِ أخفى‏ من دَبِيبِ النَّملِ عَلى الصَّفا1

2505. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'Engage yourself firstly in communal relations with people, then the law, and subsequently trading, for by Allah, usury creeps into this community more discreetly than an ant creeps onto a rock.'2

2506. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : مَنِ اتَّجَرَ بغَيرِ فِقهٍ فَقَدِ ارتَطَمَ في الرِّبا3

2506. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'Whoever trades without knowledge of legal rulings gets involved in usury.'4

انظر : التجارة : باب 285 .

(See also: COMMERCE: section 285)

Notes

1. بحار الأنوار : 103 / 117 / 16 .

2. Ibid. v. 103 , p. 117 , no. 16

3. نهج البلاغة : الحكمة 447 .

4. Nahj al-Balagha, Saying 447

798 - آكِلُ الرِّبا مُستَحِلّاً مُحارِبٌ‏

798 THE USURER WHO JUSTIFIES HIMSELF MUST BE FOUGHT

(يَا أيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَذَرُوا مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ الرِّبَا إن كُنتُم مُّؤمِنِينَ * فَإنْ لَم تَفْعَلُوا فَأْذَنُوا بِحَرْبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِه وَإنْ تُبْتُمْ فَلَكُمْ رُؤُوسُ أمْوَالِكُمْ لَا تَظْلِمُونَ وَلَا تُظْلَمُونَ)1

“O you who have faith! Be wary of Allah, and abandon [all claims to] what remains of usury, should you be faithful. And if you do not, then be informed of a war from Allah and His apostle. And if you repent, then you will have your principal, neither harming others, nor suffering harm.” 2

2507. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام - لَمّا بلَغهُ أنّ رَجلاً كانَ يَأكُلُ الرِّبا ويُسَمِّيهِ اللِّباءَ - : لئن أمكَنَنِي اللَّهُ عزّوجلّ (مِنهُ) لَأضرِبَنَّ عُنُقَهُ3

2507. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) was once informed of a man who was extorting usury and calling it liba'4 instead of riba (usury) to justify his actions, with regards to whom Imam said, 'If Allah gave me the power to, I would have him beheaded.'5

Notes

1. البقرة : 278 ، 279 .

2. Qur'an 2 :278 , 279

3. الكافي : 5 / 147 / 11 .

4. liba': colostrum (ed.)

5. al-Kafi, v. 5 , p. 147 , no. 11

155 - الرجاء

155 HOPE

799 - الحَثُّ عَلَى الرَّجاءِ الصّادِقِ‏

799 ENJOINMENT OF TRUE HOPE

(إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَالَّذِينَ هاجَرُوا وَجاهَدُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أُولئِكَ يَرْجُونَ رَحْمَتَ اللَّهِ واللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ)1

“Indeed those who have become faithful and those who have migrated and waged jihad in the way of Allah - it is they who hope for Allah's mercy, and Allah is all-forgiving, all-merciful.” 2

2508. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : كلُّ راجٍ طالِبٌ وكُلُّ خائفٍ هارِبٌ3

2508. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'Every hopeful person continues seeking, and every fearful one runs away.'4

2509. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام - لِرَجُلٍ سَألَهُ أن يَعِظَهُ - : لا تَكُن مِمَّن يَرجُو الآخِرَةَ بغَيرِ العَمَلِ ويُرَجِّي التَّوبَةَ بطُولِ الأمَلِ ، يَقولُ في الدنيا بقَولِ الزاهِدِينَ ويَعمَلُ فيها بعَمَلِ الراغِبينَ5

2509. Imam Ali (AS) said to a man soliciting advice from him, 'Do not be of those who hope for [bliss in] the life of the Hereafter without action, and delay repentance by having high expectations, and who utter words like the ascetics with regard to this world, though in practice they behave like those who covet it.'6

2510. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام - لَمّا سُئلَ عن قَومٍ يَعمَلُونَ بالمَعاصِي ويَقولونَ : نَرجُو ، فلا يَزالُونَ كذلكَ حتّى‏ يَأتِيَهُمُ الموتُ ؟ - : هؤلاءِ قَومٌ يَتَرَجَّحُونَ في الأمانِيِّ كَذَبوا لَيسُوا بِراجِينَ ، إنّ مَن رَجا شَيئاً طَلَبَهُ ومَن خافَ مِن شي‏ءٍ هَربَ مِنهُ7

2510. Someone came to Imam al-Sadiq (AS) and told him that there was a group of people who were disobeying Allah, but at the same time they were saying that they hoped [in His mercy], and remained thus until death overtook them. Imam (AS) said, 'These are people who swing back and forth between their desires. They are lying and are not really hopeful, for the one who hopes for something seeks it, and the one who fears something flees from it.'8

Notes

1. البقرة : 218 .

2. Qur'an 2 :218

3. الأمالي للمفيد : 207 / 38 .

4. Amali al-Mufid, p. 207 , no. 38

5. نهج البلاغة : الحكمة 150 .

6. Nahj al-Balagha, Saying 150

7. الكافي : 2 / 68 / 5 .

8. al-Kafi, v. 2 , p. 68 , no. 5

800 - التَّحذيرُ مِن رَجاءِ غَيرِ اللَّهِ‏

800 Caution Against Placing One's Hopes IN ANYONE OTHER THAN ALLAH

2511. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : اِجعَلُوا كُلَّ رجائكُم للَّهِ‏ِ سبحانَهُ ولا تَرجُوا أحَداً سِواهُ ، فإنّهُ ما رَجا أحَدٌ غَيرَ اللَّهِ تعالى‏ إلّا خابَ1

2511. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'Place all your hope in Allah, glory be to Him, and do not hope from anyone else apart from Him, for no sooner does anyone place his hope in anyone other than Allah than he fails.'2

انظر : السؤال ( 2) باب 908 ؛ اليأس : باب 1907 .

(See also: ASKING (2): section 908; DESPAIR: section 1907)

Notes

1. غرر الحكم : 2511 .

2. Ghurar al-Hikam, no. 2511

156 - الرجعة

156 THE RETURN

1

801 - رَجعَةُ المَوتى‏

801 THE RETURN OF THE DEAD

2512. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : واللَّهِ لا تَذهَبُ الأيّامُ واللّيالي حتّى‏ يُحيِيَ اللَّهُ المَوتى‏ ويُمِيتَ الأحياءَ ، ويَرُدَّ الحَقَّ إلى أهلِهِ ، ويُقِيمَ دينَهُ الذي ارتَضاهُ لِنَفسِهِ2

2512. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'By Allah, the days and the nights will not come to an end before Allah revives the dead and causes the living to die, and returns rights to those they are due to, and establishes the religion that He has selected for Himself.'3

Notes

1. al-raja - the Return, is one of the fundamental beliefs in the return of those of absolutely pure faith or pure evil to the life of this world, for the restoration of justice in this world. This is to take place before the Day of Resurrection (ed.)

2. بحار الأنوار : 53 / 102 / 125 .

3. Bihar al-Anwar, v. 53 , p. 102 , no. 125

802 - مَن اُخبِرَ بِرَجعَتِهِ‏

802 THE MENTION OF SPECIFIC PEOPLE TO BE RETURNED

2513. الإمامُ الحسينُ عليه السلام : أكُونُ أوَّلَ مَن يَنشَقُّ الأرضُ عَنهُ ، فَأخرُجُ خَرجَةً يُوافِقُ ذلكَ خَرجَةَ أميرِالمؤمنينَ وقيامَ قائِمِنا1

2513. Imam al-Husain (AS) said, 'I will be the first to appear at the time of the splitting of the earth. I will come out at the same time of the returning of the Commander of the faithful (AS) and the rising of our Qa?im.'2

2514. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : أوَّلُ مَن يَرجِعُ إلى الدنيا ، الحسينُ ابنُ عليٍّ عليه السلام فيُمَلَّكُ حتّى‏ يَسقُطَ حاجِباهُ على‏ عَينَيهِ مِن الكِبَرِ3

2514. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'The first person to return to the life of this world will be Husayn b. Ali (AS), who will be made to rule until his eyebrows will protrude over his eyes as a result of his old age.'4

Notes

1. بحارالأنوار : 53 / 62 / 52 .

2. Ibid. v. 53 , p. 62 , no. 52

3. بحار الأنوار : 53 / 46 / 19 .

4. Ibid. p. 46 , no. 19