Alhassanain(p) Network for Heritage and Islamic Thought

1693 - هودٌ عليه السلام‏

1693. HuD (AS)

1

( وَإِلَى‏ عَادٍ أَخَاهُمْ هُوداً قَالَ يَا قَوْمِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مَالَكُمْ مِنْ إِلهٍ غَيْرُهُ أَفَلَا تَتَّقُونَ)2

“And to [the people of] Ad, Hud, their brother. He said, 'O my people, worship Allah! You have no other god besides Him. Will you not then be wary [of Him]?” 3

(اُنظر) هود : 50 - 60 والمؤمنون : 13 - 41 والشعراء : 123 - 140 وفصّلت : 13 - 16 والأحقاف : 21 والحاقّة : 4 - 8 والفجر : 6 - 8

(See also: Qur'an 11:50-60, 23:31-41, 26:123-140, 41:13-16, 46:21-26, 51:41-42, 54:18-22, 69:4-8, 89:6-8)

5953. الإمامُ الباقرُ عليه السلام : إنّ نُوحاً عليه السلام لَمّا انقَضَت نُبُوّتُهُ واستَكمَلَت أيّامُهُ أوحَى اللَّهُ عَزَّوجلَّ إلَيهِ أن : يا نُوحُ قد قَضَيتَ نُبُوّتَكَ واستَكمَلتَ أيّامَكَ، فاجعَلِ العِلمَ الّذي عِندَكَ والإيمانَ والاسمَ الأكبَرَ ومِيراثَ العِلمِ وآثارَ عِلمِ النُّبُوّةِ في العَقِبِ مِن ذُرّيَّتِكَ

وبَشَّرَ نُوحٌ ساماً بِهُودٍ عليه السلام ، وكانَ فيما بينَ نُوحٍ وهُودٍ مِن الأنبياءِ وقالَ نُوحٌ : إنّ اللَّهَ باعِثٌ نَبيّاً يُقالُ لَهُ : هُودٌ ، وإنّهُ يَدعو قَومَهُ إلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّوجلَّ فيُكَذِّبونَهُ واللَّهُ عَزَّوجلَّ مُهلِكُهُم بالرِّيحِ ، فمَن أدرَكَهُ مِنكُم فَليُؤمِنْ بهِ وليَتَّبِعْهُ فإنّ اللَّهَ عَزَّوجلَّ يُنَجِّيهِ مِن عَذابِ الرِّيحِ4

5953. Imam al-Baqir (AS) said, 'When Noah's prophethood finished and his time came to an end, Allah Almighty revealed to him: 'O Noah, you have fulfilled your prophethood and your days have come to an end, so put the knowledge you have, the faith, the Great Name, the heritage of knowledge and the legacy of the knowledge of prophethood in the offspring of your progeny...'. Noah informed Sam of the coming of Hud (AS), and there were prophets between Noah and Hud. Noah said, 'Allah will send a prophet by the name of Hud. He will invite his people to Allah and they will refute him. Allah Almighty will destroy them with wind, and so those of you who live to see him must believe in him and follow him, for Allah will save you from the punishment of the wind.'5

5954. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : لَمّا بَعثَ اللَّهُ عَزَّوجلَّ هُوداً عليه السلام أسلَمَ لَهُ العَقِبُ مِن وُلدِ سامٍ ، وأمّاالآخَرونَ فقالوا: مَن أشَدُّ مِنّا قُوّةً ؟! فاُهلِكوا بالرِّيحِ العَقيمِ ، وأوصاهُم هُودٌ وبَشَّرَهُم بصالِحٍ عليه السلام6

5954. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'When Allah Almighty sent Hud (AS), the descendants of Sam believed in him. As for the others, they said, 'Who can be stronger than us?' So they were destroyed with the barren wind. Hud exhorted them and informed them of Salih (AS).'7

إشارة إلى قِصّةِ هُودٍ وقَومِهِ عادٍ

Details of the Story of Hud and his People and Ad

الذي يذكره القرآن الكريم من قصّتهم هو أنّ عاداً - وربّما يسمّيهم عاداً الاُولى‏ (النجم : 50) وفيه إشارة إلى‏ أنّ هناك عاداً ثانية - كانوا قوماً يسكنون الأحقاف‏8 من شبه جزيرة العرب (الأحقاف : 21) بعد قوم نوح (الأعراف : 69)...

لم يزل القوم يتنعّمون بنعمة اللَّه حتّى‏ غيّروا ما بأنفسهم ، فتعرّقت فيهم الوثنيّة وبنَوا بكلّ رِيع آيةً يَعبثون

فبعث اللَّه إليهم أخاهم هوداً يدعوهم إلَى الحقّ ويرشدهم إلى‏ أن يعبدوا اللَّه ويرفضوا الأوثان ويعملوا بالعدل والرحمة (الشعراء : 130) فبالغ في وعظهم وبثّ النصيحة فيهم ، وأنار الطريق وأوضح السبيل ، وقطع عليهم العذر ، فقابلوه بالإباء والامتناع

فأنزل اللَّه عليهم العذاب ، وأرسل إليهم الريح العقيم ما تذر من شي‏ء أتت عليه إلّا جعلته كالرميم (الذاريات : 42) ..9

What the glorious Quran mentions about their story is that Ad - and they are also called the former Ad (Quran 53:50), indicating that there was a second Ad - was a group of people living in al-Ahqaf10 in the Arabian peninsula (Quran 46:21) after the people of Noah (Quran 7:69).

...the people were happily enjoying the bounties of Allah until they changed what was in their selves [their behaviour and morals], and paganism became deeply rooted in them and they built a sign on every hill with amusement.

So Allah sent to them their brother Hud to call them to the Truth guiding them to worship Allah, to refute the idols, and to live with justice and mercy (Quran 26:130). He advised them greatly and spread exhortations among them. He enlightened the way, clarified the path, and cut off their excuses from them, and they repaid him with nothing but refusal and denial. So Allah sent punishment down upon them and sent down a barren wind that did not leave anything it came across without rendering it like decayed bones (Quran 51:42).11

1 . Prophet Hud (AS) is not a biblical prophet, and his Christian name is therefore not known (ed.)

Notes

2. الأعراف : 65

3. Quran 7:65

4. الكافي : 8 / 115 / 92

5. al-Kafi, v. 8, p. 115, no. 92

6. كمال الدين : 136 / 5

7. Kamal al-Din, p. 136, no. 5

8. الأحقاف : جمع حِقْف : من الرمل، والعرب تسمّي الرمل المعوّج حقافاً . ، والأحقاف المذكور في الكتاب العزيز وادٍ بين عُمان وأرض مهرة ، قال ابن إسحاق : رمال فيما بين عُمان إلى‏ حضرموت ، وقال قتادة الأحقاف : رمال مشرفة علَى البحر بالشحر من أرض اليمن وقال الضحّاك : الأحقاف جبل بالشام (معجم البلدان : 1 / 115 )

9. تفسير الميزان : 10 / 307

10. Ahqaf is the plural of hiqf, meaning sand dunes, and the ahqaf mentioned in the Holy Book is a valley between Oman and the land of Muhrah. It is also said to be between Oman and Hadramawt. It is a sandy place overseeing the shoreline of the sea. Al-?ahhak has said, 'al-Ahqaf is a mountain in Damascus.' [as stated in the footnote of the sourcebook]

11. Tafsir al-Mizan, v. 10, p. 307

1694 - صالِحٌ عليه السلام‏

1694. SaLIh (AS)

1

( وَإِلَى‏ ثَمُودَ أَخَاهُمْ صَالِحاً قَالَ يَا قَوْمِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مَا لَكُمْ مِنْ إِلهٍ غَيْرُهُ قَدْ جَاءَتْكُمْ بَيِّنَةٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ هَذِهِ نَاقَةُ اللَّهِ لَكُمْ آيَةٌ)2

“And to [the people of] Thamud, Salih, their brother. He said, 'O my people, worship Allah! You have no other god beside him. There has certainly come to you a manifest proof from your Lord. This she-camel of Allah is a sign for you.” 3

(اُنظر) هود 61 - 68 والحِجْر : 80 - 84 والشعراء : 141 - 159 والنمل : 45 - 53 وفصّلت : 17 ، 18 والذاريات : 43 - 45 والقمر : 23 - 32 والحاقّة : 4 ، 5 والفجر : 9 والشمس : 11 - 15

(See also: Qur'an 11:61-68, 15:80-84, 26:141-159, 27:45-53, 41:17-18, 51:43-45, 54:23-32, 69:4-5, 89:9, 91:11-15)

5955. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : أيُّها النّاسُ، إنّما يَجمَعُ النّاسَ الرِّضى‏ والسُّخطُ ، وإنّما عَقَرَ ناقَةَ ثَمودَ رجُلٌ واحِدٌ فعَمَّهُمُ اللَّهُ بالعَذابِ لَمّا عَمُّوهُ بالرِّضا ، فقالَ سبحانَهُ : (فعَقَرُوها فأصْبَحُوا نادِمينَ)4 فما كانَ إلّا أن خارَت أرضُهُم بالخَسفَةِ خُوارَ السِّكَّةِ المُحْماةِ في الأرضِ الخَوَّارَةِ5

5955. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'O people! Satisfaction and discontentment are what gather people [in categories]. And although it was only one man who slaughtered the she-camel of Thamud, Allah included all of them in the punishment because they all accepted his action, as He Almighty said, '“But they hamstrung her, whereupon they became regretful.” 6 So, it was not long before their land declined by sinking [into the earth] as the spike of a plough pierces weak, unploughed land.'7

5956. أبو مَطَرٍ : لَمّا ضَرَبَ ابنُ مُلجَمٍ الفاسِقُ لَعَنهُ‏اللَّهُ أميرَ المؤمنينَ عليه السلام قالَ‏لَهُ الحسَنُ: أَقتُلُهُ ؟ قالَ : لا،ولكنِ احبِسْهُ؛ فإذا مُتُ‏فاقتُلوهُ، وإذا مُتُّ فادفِنوني في هذا الظَّهرِ في قَبرِ أخَوَيَّ : هُودٍ وصالِحٍ8

5956. Abu Matar said, 'When the wicked Ibn Muljam, may Allah curse him, struck the Commander of the Faithful (AS), Imam Hasan (AS) asked [his father], 'Shall I kill him?' The Imam said, 'No, but detain him and if I die, then kill him. When I die, bury me in this place between the graves of my brothers Hud and Salih.'9

إشارة إلى قِصّةِ صالحٍ وقَومِهِ ثَمودَ

Details of the Story of Salih and his People, Thamud

كانت ثمود تعيش على‏ سنّة الشعوب والقبائل ؛ يحكم فيهم سادتهم وشيوخهم وقد كانت في المدينة التي بعث فيها صالح تسعة رهط يفسدون في الأرض ولا يصلحون (النمل : 48) فطغوا في الأرض وعبدوا الأصنام وأفرطوا عتوّاً وظلماً

لمّا نسيت ثمود ربّها وأسرفوا في أمرهم أرسل اللَّه إليهم صالحاً النبيّ عليه السلام ، وكان من بيت الشرف والفَخار معروفاً بالعقل والكفاية (هود : 62 ، النمل : 49) فدعاهم إلى‏ توحيد اللَّه سبحانه ، وأن يتركوا عبادة الأصنام ، وأن يسيروا في مجتمعهم بالعدل والإحسان ، ولا يعلوا في الأرض ولا يسرفوا ولا يطغوا ، وأنذرهم بالعذاب (هود ، الشعراء ، الشمس وغيرها)

ثمّ إنّهم طغوا ومكروا ، وبعثوا أشقاهم لقتل الناقة فعقرها ، وقالوا لصالح : ائتنا بما تعدنا إن كنت من الصادقين ! قال صالح عليه السلام : تمتّعوا في داركم ثلاثة أيّام ، ذلك وعد غير مكذوب (هود : 65)

ثمّ مكرت شعوب المدينة وأرهاطها بصالح، وتقاسموا بينهم : لنُبيّتنّه وأهله ثمّ نقولنّ لوليّه : ما شهدنا مَهلِك أهله وإنّا لصادقون ، ومكروا مكراً ومكراللَّه مكراً وهم لايشعرون (النمل:50) فأخذتهم الصاعقة وهم ينظرون (الذاريات : 44) والرجفة والصيحة فأصبحوا في دارهم جاثمين ، فتولّى‏ عنهم وقال : يا قومِ لقد أبلغتكم رسالة ربّي ونصحت‏لكم ، ولكن لاتحبّون الناصحين (الأعراف: 79 ، هود : 67) وأنجَى اللَّه الذين آمنوا وكانوا يتّقون (فصّلت : 18) ونادى بعدهم المنادي الإلهيّ : ألا إنّ ثمود كفروا ربَّهم ألا بُعداً لثمود10

Thamud used to live according to the traditions of past nations and tribes, and their leaders and elders were ruling them. In the city that Salih was sent to there were nine groups of people who were corrupting on the earth and not reforming. (Quran 27:48). They rebelled in the earth, worshipped idols and exceeded in their unfairness and oppression. When Thamud forgot their Lord and went to extremes in their ways, Allah sent the prophet Salih (AS) to them. He was from a dignified and respected house, known for their intellect and contentment (Quran 11:62, 27:49). He called them to the Oneness of Allah Almighty, to leave the worshipping of statues, and to live with justice and goodness in their society. He told them not exult on the earth, not to waste, and not to rebel. He warned them of punishment (Quran: Surah Hud, Surah Shuara', Surah Shams and others).

Then they rebelled and plotted, and they sent the most evil of them to kill the she-camel and so he slaughtered it. They said to Salih, 'Bring us what you threatened if you are of the truthful.' Salih (AS) said, 'Make merry in your abodes for three days, this is a threat which is not a lie.' (Quran 11:65).

The people of the city plotted and grouped against Salih. They divided the plan among themselves: We will detain him and his family, and then tell his guardian, 'We did not witness the ones who destroyed his family, and we are truthful.' They devised a plot, and Allah devised a plan, but they do not notice (Quran 27:50). A thunderbolt seized them as they looked on (Quran 51:44). The earthquake seized them, and they lay lifeless prostrate in their homes. So he abandoned them, and said, 'O my people! Certainly I communicated to you the message of my Lord, and I advised you, but you did not like advisers.' (Quran 7:78-79, 11:68) And We delivered those who had faith and were Godwary (Quran 41:18). A divine caller called after them, 'Verily, Thamud disbelieved in their Lord. Verily away with Thamud!'11

1 . Prophet Salih is not a biblical prophet, and his Christian name is, therefore, not known (ed.)

Notes

2. الأعراف : 73

3. Quran 7:73

4. الشعراء : 157

5. نهج البلاغة : الخطبة : 201

6. Quran 26:157

7. Nahj al-Balagha, Sermon 201

8. بحار الأنوار : 11 / 379 / 4

9. Bihar al-Anwar, v. 11, p. 379, no. 4

10. تفسير الميزان : 10 / 317

11. Tafsir al-Mizan, v. 1, p. 317

1695 - إبراهيمُ عليه السلام‏

1695. ABRAHAM (AS) [Ibrahim]

( وَإِذِ ابْتَلَى‏ إِبْرَاهِيمَ رَبُّهُ بِكَلِمَاتٍ فَأَتَمَّهُنَّ قَالَ إِنِّي جَاعِلُكَ لِلنَّاسِ إِمَاماً قَالَ وَمِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِي قَالَ لا يَنَالُ عَهْدِي الظَّالِمِينَ)1

“And when his Lord tested Abraham with certain words, and he fulfilled them, He said, 'I am making you the Imam of mankind,' Said he, 'And from among my descendants?' He said, 'My pledge does not extend to the unjust.” 2

(اُنظر) آل عمران : 65 - 68 والنحل : 120 - 123 والبقرة : 125 - 132 ، 258 ، 260 والأنعام : 74 - 84 والتوبة : 114 ومريم : 41 - 48 والأنبياء : 51 - 73 والشعراء : 69 - 87 والعنكبوت : 16 - 18 ، 24 ، 27 والصافّات : 83 - 113 والزخرف : 26 - 28 والممتحنة : 4 ، 5 والنجم : 36 - 38 والأعلى : 18 ، 19 وهود : 69 - 76 وإبراهيم : 35 - 41 والحجّ : 26، 27

(See also: Qur'an 3:65-68, 16:120-123, 2:125-132, 2:258, 2:260, 6:74-84, 9:114, 19:41-48, 21:51-73, 26:69-87, 29:16-18, 29:24, 29:27, 37:83-113, 43:26-28, 60:4-5, 53:36-38, 87:18-19, 11:69-76, 14:35-41, 22:26-27)

5957. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : اُتيَ بإبراهيمَ يَومَ النّارِ إلَى النّارِ ، فلَمّا أبصَرَها قالَ : حَسبُنا اللَّهُ ونِعمَ الوَكيلُ3

5957. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'On the 'day of the fire', Abraham was brought to the fire, and when he saw it he said, 'Allah is sufficient for us and He is the best supporter.'4

5958. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : ما اتَّخَذَ اللَّهُ إبراهيمَ خَليلاً إلّا لإطعامهِ الطَّعامَ ، وصَلاتِهِ باللَّيلِ والنّاسُ نِيامٌ5

5958. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'Allah took Abraham as a friend only because of his feeding of food [to others] and praying of prayers in the night while people were asleep.'6

5959. حَسّان بنِ عَطِيّةَ : أوّلُ مَن رَتَّبَ العَسكرَ في الحَربِ مَيمَنَةً ومَيسَرَةً وقَلباً إبراهيمُ عليه السلام، لَمّا سارَ لقِتالِ الّذينَ أسَرُوا لُوطاً عليه السلام7

5959. Hassan b. Atiyya said, 'The first person to organise an army for war, with a right, left and middle wing was Abraham (AS), when he journeyed to fight those who imprisoned Lot (AS).'8

5960. الإمامُ الباقرُ عليه السلام : اتَّخَذَ اللَّهُ عَزَّوجلَّ إبراهيمَ خَليلاً لأ نّهُ لَم يَرُدَّ أحَداً ، ولَم يَسألْ أحَداً غيرَ اللَّهِ عَزَّوجلَّ9

5960. Imam al-Baqir (AS) said, 'Allah Almighty took Abraham as a friend because he did not refuse anyone, and did not ask anyone other than Allah Almighty.'10

5961. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : إنّ اللَّهَ تباركَ وتعالى‏ اتَّخَذَ إبراهيمَ عَبداً قَبلَ أن يَتَّخِذَهُ نَبيّاً ، وإنّ اللَّهَ اتَّخَذَهُ نَبيّاً قَبلَ أن يَتَّخِذَهُ رَسولاً ، وإنّ اللَّهَ اتَّخَذَهُ رَسولاً قَبلَ أن يَتَّخِذَهُ خَليلاً ، وإنّ اللَّهَ اتَّخَذَهُ خَليلاً قَبلَ أنْ يَجعَلَهُ إماماً ، فلَمّا جَمَعَ لَهُ الأشياءَ قالَ : (إنّي جاعِلُكَ لِلنّاسِ إماماً)11

5961. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'Allah Almighty took Abraham as a servant before He took him as a prophet. Allah took him as a prophet before He took him as a messenger. Allah took him as a messenger before He took him as a friend, and Allah took him as a friend before He took him as an Imam. When He gathered all these things in Abraham He said,“I am making you the Imam of mankind.” 12 ,13

قِصّةُ إبراهيمَ عليه السلام فِي القرآنِ الكريمِ

The Story of Abraham (AS) in the Holy Quran

« كان إبراهيم عليه السلام - في طفوليّته إلى‏ أوائل تمييزه - يعيش في معزل من مجتمع قومه ، ثمّ خرج إليهم ولحق بأبيه فوجده وقومه يعبدون الأصنام ، فلم يرتضِ منه ومنهم ذلك

يحاجّ القوم في أمر الأصنام (الأنبياء : 51 - 56 ، الشعراء : 69 - 77 ، الصافّات : 83 - 87) ويحاجّ أقواماً آخرين منهم يعبدون الشمس والقمر والكوكب في أمرها حتّى‏ ألزمهم الحقّ ، وشاع خبره في الانحراف عن الأصنام والآلهة (الأنعام : 74 - 82) حتّى‏ خرج القوم ذات يوم إلى‏ عبادةٍ جامعة خارجَ البلد واعتلّ هو بالسقم فلم يخرج معهم وتخلّف عنهم، فدخل بيت الأصنام فراغ على‏ آلهتهم ضرباً باليمين فجعلهم جُذاذاً إلّا كبيراً لهم لعلّهم إليه يرجعون ، فلمّا تراجعوا وعلموا بما حدث بآلهتهم وفتّشوا عمّن ارتكب ذلك قالوا : سمعنا فتىً يذكرهم يقال له : إبراهيم

فأحضروه إلى‏ مجمعهم فأتوا به على‏ أعين الناس لعلّهم يشهدون ، فاستنطقوه فقالوا : أأنت فعلت هذا بآلهتنا يا إبراهيم ؟ قال : بل فعله كبيرهم هذا فاسألوهم إن كانوا ينطقون ، وقد كان أبقى‏ كبيرَ الأصنام ولم يجذّه ووضع الفأس على عاتقه أو ما يقرب من ذلك ؛ ليشهد الحال على‏ أ نّه هو الذي كسر سائر الأصنام

قالوا : حَرِّقوه وانصروا آلهتكم ، فبنوا له بنياناً وأسعروا فيه جحيماً من النار ، وقد تشارك في أمره الناس جميعاً وألقوه في الجحيم ، فجعله اللَّه بَرداً عليه وسلاماً وأبطل كيدهم (الأنبياء : 57 - 70 ، الصافّات : 88 - 98) .

ثمّ لمّا أنجاه اللَّه من النار أخذ يدعو إلَى الدين الحنيف دين التوحيد ، فآمن له شرذمة قليلة

ثمّ تبرّأ هو عليه السلام ومن معه من المؤمنين من قومهم ، وتبرّأ هو من آزر الذي كان يدعوه أباً ولم يكن بوالده الحقيقيّ‏14 ، وهاجر ومعه زوجته ولوط إلَى الأرض المقدّسة ليدعو اللَّه سبحانه من غير معارض يعارضه من قومه الجفاة الظالمين (الممتحنة : 4 ، الأنبياء : 71). وبشّره اللَّه سبحانه هناك بإسماعيل وبإسحاق ومن وراء إسحاق يعقوب ، وقد شاخ وبلغه كبر السنّ فولد له إسماعيل ثمّ ولد له إسحاق ، وبارك اللَّه سبحانه فيه وفي ولدَيه وأولادهما

ثمّ إنّه عليه السلام بأمر من ربّه ذهب إلى‏ أرض مكّة - وهي وادٍ غير ذي زرع - فأسكن فيه ولده إسماعيل وهو صبيّ ورجع إلَى الأرض المقدّسة ، فنشأ إسماعيل هناك ، واجتمع عليه قوم من العرب القاطنين هناك ، وبُنيت بذلك بلدة مكّة

وكان عليه السلام ربّما يزور إسماعيل في أرض مكّة ، قبل بناء مكّة والبيت وبعد ذلك (البقرة : 126 ، إبراهيم : 35 - 41) ثمّ بنى‏ بها الكعبة البيت الحرام ، بمشاركة من إسماعيل وهي أوّل بيت وُضع للناس من جانب اللَّه مباركاً وهُدىً للعالمين، فيه آيات بيّنات مقام إبراهيم ومن دخله كان آمناً (البقرة : 127 - 129 ، آل عمران : 96، 97) وأذّنَ في الناس بالحجّ ، وشرّع نسك الحجّ (الحجّ : 26 - 30)

ثمّ أمره اللَّه بذبح ولده إسماعيل عليه السلام فخرج معه للنُّسك، فلمّا بلغ معه السعي قال : يا بُنيّ إنّي أرى‏ في المنام أ نّي أذبحك ، قال : يا أبتِ افعلْ ما تُؤمر ستجدني إن شاء اللَّه من الصابرين ، فلمّا أسلما وتَلَّه للجبين نودي أن : يا إبراهيم ، قد صدّقتَ الرؤيا ، وفداه اللَّه سبحانه بذِبح عظيم (الصافّات : 101 - 107)15

Abraham (AS) from his young childhood till his age of puberty was living in seclusion from the community of his people. He then returned to them and joined his uncle, but saw him and his group worshipping idols and did not accept his or their actions. He started to debate with them about the issue of idol worship (Quran 20:51-56, 26:69-77, 37:83-87), and he debated with other people in their beliefs in worshipping the sun, moon, and the stars until he demonstrated the proof to them. News of him and his deviation from these idols and false gods spread (Quran 6:74-82). One day a group went out for congregational worship outside of the city, but he came up with the excuse of being sick. He therefore did not leave with them and he stayed behind. He went to the house where the statues were kept and started demolishing them, reducing them to dust, but he left the big statue for them so that they would refer to it. When they came back and learnt of what had happened to their gods and searched for who the culprit was, they were told: We heard a young person by the name of Abraham mentioning them.

They brought him to their gathering and put him in front of all the people so that they could witness. They ordered him to speak, saying, 'Are you the one who has done this to our gods, O Abraham?' He said, 'No, rather it was the big one of them who did it, so ask them if they can speak.' He had left the biggest of the statues and had not broken it and had put an axe on its shoulder or something similar to that, so that he could demonstrate that it was the big statue that had broken the other statues.

They said, 'Burn him and help your gods!' So, they built a building and ignited it. All the people participated, and they threw him in the fire, but Allah made it cold and safe for him and nullified their conspiracy (Quran 21:57-70, 37:88-98).

Then when Allah had rescued him from the fire, he began to call people to the upright religion, the religion of monotheism, but only a small group of people believed. Abraham (AS) and some of the believers with him then disclaimed all association with their people, and he disassociated himself from Azar whom he used to call a father but who was not his real father.16 He migrated with his wife and Lot (AS) to the sacred land to call to Allah Almighty without any obstacle impeding them from their oppresssive crude people (Quran 60:4, 21:71).

Allah Almighty gave him the glad tidings there of Ishmael and Isaac, and of Jacob after Isaac. Abraham (AS) became very old and he had Ishmael, and then Isaac was born, and Allah blessed him and his two children and their children.

Then, due to a command from his Lord, Abraham went to the land of Makkah - which was an untilled valley - and he left his son Ishmael to live there who was at that time a young child, and he went back to the sacred land. Ishmael grew up there and a group of Arabs gathered around him who were inhabitants there and the city of Makkah was established from then. Abraham (AS) might have visited Ishmael in the land of Makkah before building Makkah and the House and after it (Quran 2:126, 14:35-41). Abraham then built the Kaba in it - the Sacred House - with the help of Ishmael. It was the first house made for the people by Allah Almighty as a blessing and a [source of] guidance for all mankind. In it are signs and evidences, the site (maqam) of Abraham, and whoever enters it will be safe (Quran 2:127-129, 3:96-97). He proclaimed the obligatory pilgrimage to it (hajj) to people and legislated the rituals of hajj (Quran 22:26-30).

Allah then ordered him to slaughter his son Ishmael (AS) [in sacrifice] and so he left with his son to the rituals. When he reached the [place of the] Sai he said, 'My son! I see in a dream that I am sacrificing you. See what you think.' He said, 'Father! Do whatever you have been commanded. If Allah wills, you will find me to be of the patient.' So when they had both submitted [to Allah's will], and he had laid him down on his forehead, it was called out to him, 'O Abraham! You have indeed fulfilled the vision!' And so Allah ransomed him with a great sacrifice. (Quran 101-107).17

Notes

1. البقرة : 124

2. Quran 2:124

3. كنز العمّال : 32288

4. Kanz al-Ummal, no. 32288

5. علل الشرائع : 35 / 4

6. Ilal al-Shara'i, p. 35, no. 4

7. الدرّ المنثور : 1 / 282

8. al-Durr al-Manthur, v. 1, p. 282

9. علل الشرائع : 34 / 2

10. Ilal al-Shara'i, p. 34, no. 2

11. الكافي : 1 / 175 / 2

12. Quran 2:124

13. al-Kafi, v. 1, p. 175, no. 2

14. وقد تقدّم استفادة ذلك من دعائه‏المنقول في‏سورة إبراهيم .(كمافي هامش المصدر )

15. تفسير الميزان : 7 / 215

16. This can be understood from Abraham's supplication which is narrated in Surah Ibrahim [as mentioned in the footnote of the source reference]

17. Taf

1696 - لُوطٌ عليه السلام‏

1696. LOT (AS) [Lut]

( وَلُوطاً إِذْ قالَ لِقَوْمِهِ أَتَأْتُونَ الْفَاحِشَةَ مَا سَبَقَكُمْ بِهَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ مِنَ الْعَالَمِينَ)1

“And Lot, when he said to his people, 'What! Do you commit an outrage none in the world ever committed before you?!” 2

(اُنظر) هود : 77 - 83 والحِجر : 51 - 77 والأنبياء : 74 ، 75 والشعراء : 160 - 175 والنمل : 54 - 58 والعنكبوت : 28 - 35 والصافّات : 133 - 138 والذاريات : 24 - 37 والقمر : 33 - 40 والتحريم : 10

(See also: Qur'an 11:77-83, 15:51-77, 21:74-75, 26:160-175, 27:54-58, 29:28-35, 37:133-138, 51:24-37, 54:33-40, 66:10)

5962. الإمامُ الباقرُ عليه السلام : وأمّا القَريَةُ الّتي اُمطِرَت مَطرَ السَّوءِ فهِيَ سَدُومُ قَريَةُ قَومِ لُوطٍ ، أمطَرَ اللَّهُ علَيهِم حِجارَةً مِن سِجِّيلٍ، يقولُ: مِن طِينٍ3

5962. Imam al-Baqir (AS) said, 'As for the village that was rained upon with rain of punishment, it was the village of Sodom, the village of the people of Lot. Allah rained rocks of baked earth upon them, meaning clay.'4

5963. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : ما بَعَثَ اللَّهُ نَبيّاً بعدَ لُوطٍ إلّا في عِزٍّ مِن قَومِهِ5

5963. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'Allah did not send a prophet after Lot without having dignity among his people.'6 ,7

إشارة إلى قِصّةِ لوطٍ عليه السلام وقَومِهِ‏

Details of the Story of Lot and his People

« كان لوط عليه السلام من كلدان في أرض بابل ومن السابقين الأوّلين ممّن آمن بإبراهيم عليه السلام، آمن به وقال : (إنّي مُهاجِرٌ إلى‏ ربِّي)8 ، فنجّاه اللَّه مع إبراهيم إلَى الأرض المقدّسة أرضِ فلسطين (الأنبياء : 71) فنزل في بعض بلادها وهي مدينة سَدوم على‏ ما في التواريخ والتوراة وبعض الروايات

وكان أهل المدينة وما والاها من المدائن - وقد سمّاها اللَّه في كلامه ب «المُؤتَفِكات»(التوبة : 70) - يعبدون الأصنام ، ويأتون بالفاحشة : اللواط ، وهم أوّل قوم شاع فيهم ذلك (الأعراف : 80) حتّى كانوا يأتون به في نواديهم من غير إنكار ، ولم يَزَل تشيع الفاحشة فيهم حتّى‏ عادت سُنّة قوميّة ابتلت به عامّتهم ، وتركوا النساء وقطعوا السبيل (العنكبوت : 29).

فأرسل اللَّه لوطاً إليهم (الشعراء : 162) فدعاهم إلى‏ تقوَى اللَّه وترك الفحشاء والرجوع إلى‏ طريق الفطرة، وأنذرهم وخوّفهم ، فلم يَزِدهم إلّا عُتوّاً ، ولم يكن جوابهم إلّا أن قالوا : ائتِنا بعذاب اللَّه إن كنت من الصادقين ! وهدّدوه بالإخراج من بلدتهم ، وقالوا له : (لَئن لَم تَنْتَهِ يا لُوطُ لَتَكُونَنَّ مِنَ المُخْرَجينَ)9 و (قالوا أخْرِجوا آلَ لُوطٍ مِنْ قَرْيَتِكُم إنّهُمْ اُناسٌ يَتَطَهَّرونَ)10

حتَّى استقرّ بهم الطغيان وحقّت عليهم كلمة العذاب ، فبعث اللَّه رسلاً من الملائكة المكرّمين لإهلاكهم

فمضَوا إلى لوط في صُوَرِ غِلمان مُرد ودخلوا عليه ضيفاً ، فشقّ ذلك على‏ لوط وضاق بهم ذرعاً؛ لِما كان يعلم من قومه أ نّهم سيتعرّضون لهم وأ نّهم غير تاركيهم البتّة ، فلم يلبث دون أن سمع القوم بذلك وأقبلوا يُهرَعون إليه وهم يستبشرون ، وهجموا على‏ داره ، فخرج إليهم وبالغ في‏وعظهم واستثارة فُتوّتهم ورشدهم حتّى‏ عرض عليهم بناته ، وقال : يا قوم ، إنّ هؤلاء بناتي هنّ أطهر لكم، فاتّقوا اللَّه ولا تخزوني في ضيفي ثمّ استغاث وقال : أليس منكم رجل رشيد ؟ ! فردّوا عليه أ نّه ليس لهم في بناته إربة ، وأ نّهم غير تاركي أضيافه البتّة ، حتّى‏ أيس لوط و قال : (لَوْ أنّ لِي بِكُمْ قُوَّةً أو آوِي إلى‏ رُكْنٍ شَديدٍ).11

قالت الملائكة عند ذلك : يا لوط إنّا رسل ربّك ، طِب نفساً إنّ القوم لن يصلوا إليك فطمسوا أعين القوم فعادوا عمياناً يتخبّطون وتفرّقوا (القمر : 37)

فأخذت الصيحةُ القوم مُشرِقين ، وأرسل اللَّه عليهم حجارة من طين مُسوَّمة عند ربّك للمسرفين ، وقلبَ مدائنهم عليهم فجعل عاليَها سافلَها ، وأخرج من كان فيها من المؤمنين فلم يجد فيها غير بيت من المسلمين وهو بيت لوط ، وترك فيها آية للذين يخافون العذاب الأليم (الذاريات : 37 وغيرها).12

Lot (AS) was from Kildan, from the land of Babylon. He was from among the first and foremost of those to believe in Abraham (AS), and he said,“Indeed I am migrating toward my Lord” 13 Allah rescued him with Abraham to the sacred land, the land of Palestine (Quran 21:71). Lot resided in one of its cities, which was the city of Sodom as is mentioned in history, the Torah and other narrations.

The people of this city and the other cities surrounding it - as Allah named them 'the towns that were overturned' (Quran 9:70) - worshipped idols and committed obscenities, suh as sodomy, and they were the first people to practice this among themselves (Quran 7: 80). They committed this act in their gatherings without denouncing. This outrageous sin continued to spread until it became a national custom that the general public were practicing. They neglected women and cut off procreation (Quran 29:29).

So Allah sent Lot (AS) to them (Quran 26:162) and he called them to have fear in Allah and to relinquish their obscene actions, and to return to the path of nature. He warned them and scared them, but it only increased their rebellion, and their answer was nothing but, 'Bring us the punishment of Allah if you are of the truthful!' They threatened him with expulsion from their city and said to him,“...if you do not relinquish you will surely be banished” 14 and“They said, 'expel Lot's family from your town! They are indeed a puritanical lot.” 15

...until rebellion was firmly established in them and they became deserving of the word of punishment, Allah sent to them messengers from among the eminent angels to destroy them. They came to Lot in the form of youths visiting him as guests. This became hard for Lot and a predicament for their sake, because of what he knew about his people and what they would do to them and that they would certainly not leave them. It was not long before the people heard about them and rushed towards him, charging at his house. He went out to them and excessively advised them and reminded them of their youthfulness and maturity, and he even offered them [to marry] his own daughters, saying: 'O my people, these are my daughters: they are purer for you. Be wary of Allah and do not humiliate me with regard to my guests.' He then asked for assistance saying, 'Is there not a single right-minded man among you?' They replied by saying that they had no need for his daughters and would certainly not leave his guests, until Lot lost hope and said,“If only I had the power to deter you, or could take refuge in a mighty support!” 16

The angels then said, 'O Lot, we are messengers from your Lord, do not worry, the people will not reach you.' They then blinded the eyes of the people and they dispersed them making them insanse and they departed (Quran 54:37). The Cry then took them over at dawn, and Allah sent down upon them stones of clay, marked by your Lord for the profligate. He upturned their cities on top of them and turned them upside down, and He picked out those therein who were faithful, but did not find other than one house of muslims, which was the house of Lot, and He left therein a sign for those who fear a painful punishment (Quran 51:37, and other verses).17

Notes

1. الأعراف : 80

2. Quran 7:80

3. بحار الأنوار : 12 / 152 / 5

4. Bihar al-Anwar, v. 12, p. 153, no. 5

5. بحار الأنوار : 12 / 157 / 8

6. It is narrated in Kanz al-Ummal, no. 32361 from Abu Hurayra: 'Allah did not send a prophet after him without being rich among his people. But the correct version is what has been mentioned in the text.

7. Bihar al-Anwar, v. 12, p. 157, no. 8

8. العنكبوت : 26

9. الشعراء : 167

10. النمل : 56

11. هود : 80

12. تفسير الميزان : 10 / 352

13. Quran 29: 26

14. Quran 26: 167

15. Quran 27: 56

16. Quran 11: 80

17. Tafsir al-Mizan, v. 10, p. 352

329 - القَرض‏

329. THE LOAN

1523 - فَضلُ القَرضِ‏

1523. THE VIRTUE OF GIVING LOAN

( مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يُقْرِضُ اللَّهَ قَرْضاً حَسَناً فَيُضاعِفَهُ لَهُ وَلَهُ أَجْرٌ كَرِيمٌ)1

“Who is it that will lend Allah a good loan, that He may multiply it for him and [that] there may be a noble reward for him.” 2

5215. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : مَن أقرَضَ مَلهوفاً فَأحسَنَ طَلِبَتَهُ استَأنَفَ العَمَلَ وأعطاهُ اللَّهُ بِكُلِّ دِرهَمٍ ألفَ قِنطارٍ مِن الجَنَّةِ3

5215. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'Whoever readily lends [money] to a troubled person and is kind in the request after doing so, Allah will give him for every dirham one thousand kantars4 in Heaven.'5

5216. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : مَن أقرَضَ مُؤمناً قَرضاً يَنتَظِرُ بهِ مَيسورَهُ كانَ مالُهُ في زَكاةٍ ، وكانَ هو في صَلاةٍ مِن المَلائكةِ حتّى‏ يُؤَدِّيَهُ إلَيهِ6

5216. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'Whoever gives a loan to a believer and waits until he is able, his money will be regarded as alms-tax, and the angels will pray for him until his loan is returned.'7

5217. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : مَن أرادَ أن تُستَجابَ دَعوَتُهُ وأن تُكشَفَ كُربَتُهُ فَلْيُفَرِّجْ عن مُعسِرٍ8

5217. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'Whoever wants his prayers to be answered and his grief to be dispelled should relieve a person in difficulty.'9

5218. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : مَنِ احتاجَ إلَيهِ أخوهُ المُسلمُ في قَرضٍ وهُو يَقدِرُ علَيهِ فلم يَفعَلْ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ علَيهِ ريحَ الجَنّةِ10

5218. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'If one's Muslim brother needs a loan from him and he is able to lend him but does not do so, Allah will prohibit for this person the smell of Heaven.'11

5219. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : مَن تَوَكَّلَ علَيهِ كَفاهُ ، ومَن سَألَهُ أعطاهُ ، ومَن أقرَضَهُ قَضاهُ ، ومَن شَكَرَهُ جَزاهُ12

5219. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'He who relies on Him will be sufficed, whoever asks Him will be given, whoever lends for Him, He will repay him, and whoever thanks Him will be rewarded.'13

5220. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام - في وصيَّتِهِ لابنِهِ الحسنِ عليهما السلام - : وإذا وَجَدتَ مِن أهلِ الفاقَةِ مَن يَحمِلُ لكَ زادَكَ إلى‏ يَومِ القِيامَةِ فَيُوافِيكَ بهِ غَداً حيثُ تَحتاجُ إلَيهِ فاغتَنِمْهُ وحَمِّلْهُ إيّاهُ ، وأكثِرْ مِن تَزويدِهِ وَأنتَ قادِرٌ علَيهِ فلَعلَّكَ تَطلُبُهُ فلا تَجِدُهُ ، واغتَنِمْ مَنِ استَقرَضَكَ في حالِ غِناكَ ، لِيَجعَلَ قَضاءَهُ لكَ في يَومِ عُسرَتِكَ14

5220. Imam Ali (AS), in his will to his son Hasan (AS) said, 'And if you find a needy person who is deprived who can carry your provision for you until the Day of Judgment and who will pay you back tomorrow when you need it, then seize the opportunity and let him hold this provision for you. Increase in giving provisions to the poor if you are able to, for you might look for them and not find them. Seize the opportunity to lend someone when you yourself are free from need so that he may repay you in your time of difficulty.'15

5221. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : على‏ بابِ الجَنّةِ مَكتوبٌ : القَرضُ بثَمانيةَ عَشرَ ، والصَّدَقةُ بعَشرَةٍ ، وذلكَ أنّ القَرضَ لا يكونُ إلّا في يدِ المُحتاجِ ، والصَّدَقةُ ربّما وَقَعَت في يَدِ غَيرِ مُحتاجٍ16

5221. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'It is written on the door of Heaven: [The reward for] A loan is multiplied by eighteen, and a donation is by ten, and this is because the loan is not given to anyone other than the hand of a needy person, whereas the donation may fall into the hands of someone not needy.'17

5222. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : لَأن اُقرِضَ قَرضاً أحَبُّ إلَيَّ مِن أن أصِلَ بمِثلِهِ18

5222. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'For me to give a loan is far beloved to me than acquiring that same amount.'19

Notes

1. الحديد : 11

2. Quran 57 :11

3. ثواب الأعمال : 341 / 1

4. Kantar (qintar): a substantial weight of gold varying between 45 and 245 kilos (ed.)

5. Thawab al-A'mal, p. 341, no. 1

6. ثواب الأعمال : 166 / 1

7. Ibid. p. 167, no. 4

8. كنز العمّال : 15398

9. Kanz al-Ummal, no. 15398

10. الأمالي للصدوق : 516 / 707

11. Amali al-Saduq, p. 350, no. 1

12. نهج البلاغة : الخطبة 90

13. Nahj al-Balagha, Sermon 90

14. نهج البلاغة : الكتاب 31

15. Ibid. Letter 31

16. بحار الأنوار : 103 / 138 / 2

17. Bihar al-Anwar, v. 103, p. 138, no. 2

18. ثواب الأعمال : 167 / 4

19. Thawab al-Amal, p. 167, no. 4

1524 - الحَثُّ عَلى إنظارِ المُعسِرِ

1524. ENJOINMENT TO GIVE RESPITE TO ONE WHO IS UNABLE TO PAY

( وَإِنْ كانَ ذُو عُسْرَةٍ فَنَظِرَةٌ إِلى‏ مَيْسَرَةٍ وَأَنْ تَصَدَّقُوا خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ)1

“And if [the debtor] is in straits, let there be a respite until the time of ease; and if you remit [the debt] as charity, it will be better for you should you know.” 2

5223. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : مَن أنظَرَ مُعسِراً أظَلَّهُ اللَّهُ بظِلِّهِ يَومَ لا ظِلَّ إلّا ظلُّهُ3

5223. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'Whoever gives respite to a straitened person, Allah will shade him with His Shade on the Day when no shade will avail other than His Shade.'4

5224. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : اتَّقُوا دَعوَةَ المُعسِرِ5

5224. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'Fear the imprecations of a person in difficulty.'6

5225. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : كما لا يَحِلُّ لِغَريمِكَ أن يَمطُلَكَ وهُو مُوسِرٌ ، فكذلكَ لا يَحِلُّ لكَ أن تُعسِرَهُ إذا عَلِمتَ أ نّهُ مُعسِرٌ7

5225. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'Just as it is not permitted for the one indebted to you to delay repaying you when he is well-off, so it is also not permitted for you to put him in difficulty [by demanding repayment] when you know that he is straitened.'8

(اُنظر) الدين : باب 751

(See also: THE DEBT: section 751)

Notes

1. البقرة : 280

2. Quran 2: 280

3. الكافي : 8 / 9 / 1

4. al-Kafi, v. 8, p. 9, no. 1

5. كنز العمّال : 15424

6. Kanz al-Ummal, no. 15424

7. ثواب الأعمال : 167 / 5

8. Thawab al-Amal, p. 167, no. 5

330 - الإقتصاد

330. ECONOMY

1525 - الحَثُّ عَلى الاقتِصادِ فِي المَعِيشَةِ

1525. ENCOURAGING AN ECONOMICAL LIVELIHOOD

5226. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : الاقتِصادُ فِي النَّفَقةِ نِصفُ المَعيشَةِ1

5226. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'Economising in one's expenditure is half of livelihood.'2

5227. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : ما مِن نَفَقةٍ أحَبَّ إلَى اللَّهِ مِن نَفَقةِ قَصدٍ3

5227. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'There is no spending more loved by Allah than spending with careful deliberation.'4

5228. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : الاقتِصادُ وحُسنُ السَّمتِ والهَدْيُ الصالِحُ جُزءٌ مِن بِضعٍ وعِشرينَ جُزءاً مِن النُّبوَّةِ5

5228. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'Economising, maintaining silence and righteous guidance are one part of the twenty-five parts of prophethood.'6

5229. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : مَن تَحَرَّى القَصدَ خَفَّت علَيهِ المُؤَنُ7

5229. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'Whoever adopts moderation his expenditure will decrease.'8

5230. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : مَن صَحِبَ الاقتِصادَ دامَت صُحبَةُ الغِنى‏ لَهُ ، وجَبَرَ الاقتِصادُ فَقرَهُ وخَللَهُ9

5230. Imam Ali (AS) said, ' Whoever adopts moderation needlessness will continously accompany him and moderation will make up for his poverty and shortages'10

5231. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : مَنِ اقتَصَدَ فِي الغِنى‏ والفَقرِ فقدِ استَعَدَّ لِنَوائبِ الدَّهرِ11

5231. Imam Ali (AS) said, He who adopts moderation in richness and poverty has prepared himself against the adversities of the world.'12

5232. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام - في وصيَّتِهِ لابنِهِ الحسنِ عليه السلام عندَ وفاتِهِ - : اقتَصِد يا بُنَيَّ في مَعِيشَتِكَ13

5232. Imam Ali (AS) said, in his will to his son Imam Hasan 'O son, adopt moderation in your livelihood.'14

5233. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : المؤمنُ سِيرَتُهُ القَصدُ، وسُنَّتُهُ الرُّشدُ15

5233. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'The charachteristic of a beliver is moderation and his way of life is development.'16

Notes

1. كنز العمّال : 5434

2. Kanz al-Ummal, no. 5434

3. بحار الأنوار : 76 / 269 / 17

4. Bihar al-Anwar, v. 78, p. 10, no. 67

5. تنبيه الخواطر : 1 / 167

6. Tanbih al-Khawatir, v. 1, p. 167

7. بحار الأنوار : 71 / 342 / 15

8. Bihar al-Anwar, v. 71, p. 342, no. 15

9. غرر الحكم : 9165

10. Ghurar al-Hikam, no. 9165

11. غرر الحكم : 9048

12. Ibid 9048

13. الأمالي للطوسي : 8 / 8

14. Amali al-Tusi, p. 8, no. 8

15. غرر الحكم : 1501

16. Ghurar al-Hikam, no. 1501

1526 - دُورُ الاقتِصادِ فِي الغِنى‏

1526. THE ROLE OF ECONOMISING IN ONE'S NEEDLESSNESS

5234. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : مَنِ اقتَصَدَ أغناهُ اللَّهُ1

5234. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'Whoever economizes, Allah will enrich them.'2

5235. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : الاقتِصادُ بُلغَةٌ3

5235. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'Economising is subsistence.'4

5236. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : الاقتِصادُ يُنمي القليلَ ، الإسرافُ يُفني الجَزيلَ5

5236. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'Economising increases the little, and wasting destroys the abundant.'6

5237. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : ضَمِنتُ لِمَنِ اقتَصَدَ أن لا يَفتَقِرَ7

5237. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, I guarantee that he who adopts moderation would not become poor'8

Notes

1. تنبيه الخواطر : 1 / 167

2. Tanbih al-Khawatir, v. 1, p. 167

3. بحار الأنوار : 78 / 10 / 67

4. Bihar al-Anwar, v. 78, p. 10, no. 67

5. غرر الحكم : 334 ، 335

6. Ghurar al-Hikam, no. 334, 335

7. كتاب من لا يحضره الفقيه : 2 / 64 / 1721

8. al-Faqih, v. 2, p. 64, no. 1721

331 - القِصاص‏

331. RETRIBUTION (qisas)

1

1527 - تَشرِيعُ القِصاصِ وَاهمَّيتهُ‏

1527. LEGISLATION OF RETRIBUTION AND ITS IMPORTANCE

( وَلَكُم فِي الْقِصاصِ حَياةٌ يا أُولِي الأَلْبابِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ)2

“There is life for you in retribution, O you who possess intellects! Maybe you will be Godwary.” 3

( الشَّهْرُ الْحَرَامُ بِالشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ وَالْحُرُماتُ قِصاصٌ فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى‏ عَلَيْكُمْ فَاعْتَدُوا عَلَيْهِ بِمِثْلِ ما اعْتَدَى‏ عَلَيْكُمْ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الْمُتَّقِينَ)4

“A sacred month for a sacred month, and all sanctities require retribution. So should anyone aggress against you, assail him in the manner he assailed you, and be wary of Allah, and know that Allah is with the Godwary.” 5

( وَكَتَبْنا عَلَيْهِمْ فِيها أَنَّ النَّفْسَ بِالنَّفْسِ وَالْعَيْنَ بِالْعَيْنِ والأَنْفَ بِالأَنْفِ وَالأُذُنَ بِالأُذُنِ والسِّنَّ بِالسِّنِّ وَالْجُرُوحَ قِصاصٌ فَمَنَ تَصَدَّقَ بِهِ فَهُوَ كَفَّارَةٌ لَهُ وَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُم بِمَا أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُولئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ)6

“And in it We prescribed for them: a life for a life, an eye for an eye, a nose foe a nose, and an ear for an ear, a tooth for a tooth, and retaliation for wounds. Yet whoever remits out of charity, that shall be an atonement for him. Those who do not judge by who Allah has sent down it is they who are the wrongdoers.” 7

5238. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : يا أيُّها الناسُ ، إنّما أنا بَشَرٌ مِثلُكُم ، ولَعلّهُ أن يكونَ قد قَرُبَ مِنّي خُفوفٌ مِن بينِ أظهُرِكُم ، فَمَن كُنتُ أصَبتُ مِن عِرضِهِ أو مِن شَعرِهِ أو مِن بَشَرِهِ أو مِن مالِهِ شَيئاً ، هذا عِرضُ مُحمّدٍ وشَعرُهُ وبَشَرُهُ ومالُهُ فَلْيَقُمْ فَلْيَقتَصَّ ! ولا يَقولَنَّ أحَدٌ مِنكُم : إنّي أتَخَوَّفُ مِن مُحمّدٍ العَداوَةَ والشَّحناءَ ، ألا وإنّهُما لَيسَتا مِن طَبِيعَتي ولَيسَتا مِن خُلُقي8

5238. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'O people, verily I am a human being like you, and it might be that my departure from among you is close, so whoever I have afflicted whether it be in their honour, one strand of their hair, their skin, their money, here is the honour, hair, skin, and money of Muhammad, so they should stand up and take their reprisals! And none of you should say: I fear the enmity and grudge of Muhammad. Verily, these two are not of my nature and not of my morals.'9

5239. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : أيُّها الناسُ ، أحيُوا القِصاصَ وأحيُوا الحَقَّ ولا تَفَرَّقُوا ، وأسلِموا وسَلِّموا تَسلَموا10

5239. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'O people, revive retribution and revive the truth, and do not disperse. Be Muslims and submit and you will be saved.'11

5240. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : فَرَضَ اللَّهُ الإيمانَ تَطهيراً مِن الشِّركِ والقِصاصَ حَقناً للدِّماءِ12

5240. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'Allah ordained faith to be purification from polytheism...and retribution to act as prevention of bloodshed.'13

5241. الإمامُ زينُ العابدينَ عليه السلام - في قولِهِ تعالى‏: (ولَكُم في القِصاصِ حَياةٌ) - : لأنَّ مَن هَمَّ بالقَتلِ فَعَرَفَ أ نّهُ يُقتَصُّ مِنهُ فكَفَّ لِذلكَ عنِ القَتلِ كانَ حَياةً لِلّذي (كانَ) هَمَّ بقَتلِهِ ، وحَياةً لهذا الجاني الذي أرادَ أن يَقتُلَ ، وحَياةً لغَيرِهِما مِن الناسِ إذا عَلِموا أنَّ القِصاصَ واجِبٌ لا يَجرؤونَ علَى القَتلِ مَخافَةَ القِصاصِ14

5241. Imam Zayn al-Abidin (AS), with regard to Allah's verse in the Qur'an:“There is life for you in retribution” said, 'Because whoever intends to kill and knows that he will be punished as a result, and refrains from doing so, there will be [a new] life for the person who he intended to kill, for the criminal who wanted to kill, and life for people other than these two who know that retribution is obligatory and they do not dare kill for fear of retribution.'15

Notes

1. Qisas: retribution - legal punishment done or given to somebody as a retaliation or requital for a crime he/she has committed, as prescribed by Islamic Law (ed.)

2. البقرة : 179

3. Quran 2 :179

4. البقرة : 194

5. Quran 2 :194

6. المائدة : 45

7. Quran 5 :45

8. كنز العمّال : 39831

9. Kanz al-Ummal, no. 39831

10. الأمالي للمفيد : ص 53 ح 15

11. Al-Amali, al-Mufid, p. 53, no. 15

12. نهج البلاغة : الحكمة 252

13. Nahj al-Balagha, Saying 252

14. التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكري عليه السلام : 595 / 354

15. Tafsir al-Imam Hasan al-Askari (AS), p. 595 no. 354

1528 - العَفوُ عَنِ القِصاصِ‏

1528. FORGIVING THE RETRIBUTION

5242. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : مَن عَفا عَن دَمٍ لم يَكُن لَهُ ثَوابٌ إلّا الجَنّةُ1

5242. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'Whoever forgives blood money, their reward will be nothing short of Heaven.'2

5243. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : ما مِن رَجُلٍ مُسلمٍ يُصابُ بشَي‏ءٍ في جَسَدِهِ فَيَتَصَدَّقُ بهِ إلّا رَفَعَهُ اللَّهُ بهِ دَرجَةً وحَطَّ عَنهُ بهِ خَطيئةً3

5243. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'Any person who is afflicted on their body in any way, and they remit this out of charity, Allah will elevate their level and demote their mistakes.'4

5244. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام - لمّا سُئلَ عن قَولِ اللَّهِ عَزَّوجلَّ : (فَمَنْ تَصَدَّقَ بهِ فَهُوَ كفّارَةٌ لَهُ) - : يُكَفَّرُ عَنهُ مِن ذُنوبِهِ بِقَدرِ ما عَفا5

5244. Imam al-Sadiq (AS), when asked about Allah's verse:“Yet whoever remits out of charity, that shall be an atonement for him” , said, 'His sins will be pardoned according to how much he forgave.'6

(اُنظر) عنوان 284 «العفو»

(See also: PARDON 284)

Notes

1. كنز العمّال : 39854

2. Kanz al-Ummal, no. 39854

3. كنز العمّال : 39850

4. Ibid. no. 39850

5. الكافي : 7 / 358 / 1

6. al-Kafi, v. 7, p. 358, no. 1

332 - القضاء والقدر

332. DECREE AND DESTINY

1529 - القَضاءُ وَالقَدَرُ

1529. DECREE AND DESTINY

( قُلْ لَنْ يُصِيبَنا إِلَّا ما كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَنا هُوَ مَوْلَانا وَعَلَى اللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ)1

“Say, ‘Nothing will befall us except what Allah has ordained for us. He is our master, and in Allah let all the faithful put their trust.” 2

( وَلكِنْ لِيَقْضِيَ اللَّهُ أمْراً كانَ مَفْعُولاً)3

“But in order that Allah may carry through a matter that was bound to be fulfilled.” 4

( إِنَّا كُلَّ شَي‏ءٍ خَلَقْناهُ بِقَدَرٍ)5

“Indeed We have created everything in a measure.” 6

5245. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : وكُلُّ شي‏ءٍ بِقَدَرٍ حتَّى العَجزُ والكَيسُ7

5245. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'And everything has its decreed measure, even weakness and cleverness.'8

5246. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : لو دَعا لك إسرافيلُ وجِبريلُ وميكائيلُ وحَمَلةُ العَرشِ وأنا فيهِم ما تَزَوَّجتَ إلّا المرأةَ التي كُتِبَت لكَ9

5246. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'Even if the angels Israfil, Gabriel, Mika'il, the bearers of the Throne, and I among them were to pray for you, you would not marry other than the woman that was written for you.'10

5247. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام - في تَحميدِ اللَّهِ سبحانَهُ - : أحمَدُهُ إلى‏ نفسِهِ كما استَحمَدَ إلى‏ خَلقِهِ ، وجَعَلَ لكُلِّ شي‏ءٍ قَدراً ، ولِكُلِّ قَدرٍ أجَلاً ، ولكُلِّ أجَلٍ كتاباً11

5247. Imam Ali (AS), in praising Allah, glory be to Him, said, 'I praise Him for Himself as He has requested praise from His creation, and He made a decreed measure for everything, and for every decree a due date, and for every date a record.'12

5248. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : القَدَرُ سِرٌّ مِن سِرِّ اللَّهِ ، وسِترٌ مِن سِترِ اللَّهِ وحِرزٌ مِن حِرزِ اللَّهِ مَرفوعٌ في حِجابِ اللَّهِ ، مَطوِيٌّ عَن خَلقِ اللَّهِ13

5248. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'Destiny is one of the secrets of Allah, one of the veils of Allah, one of the amulets of Allah. It is upheld in the veil of Allah and concealed from Allah's creation.'14

5249. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام - وقد سَألَهُ رجُلٌ عنِ القَدَرِ - : بَحرٌ عَميقٌ فلا تَلِجْهُ قالَ : يا أميرَ المؤمنينَ ، أخبِرنا عنِ القَدَرِ قالَ : سِرُّ اللَّهِ فلا تَتَكَلَّفْهُ قالَ : يا أميرَ المؤمنينَ ، أخبِرْنا عنِ القَدَرِ قالَ : أما إذ أبَيتَ فإنّهُ أمرٌ بَينَ أمرَينِ لا جَبرَ ولا تَفويضَ15

5249. Imam Ali (AS), when asked by a man about destiny said, '[It is] a deep sea, so do not delve into it. The man asked, 'O Commander of the Faithful, inform us about destiny.' The Imam said, 'It is the secret of Allah, so do not trouble yourself with it.' The man then asked [again], 'O Commander of the Faithful, inform us about destiny.' The Imam said, 'Seeing as you are refusing [and insisting], it is a matter between two extremes - neither predestination nor absolute free will.'16

5250. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : يَغلِبُ المِقدارُ علَى التَّقديرِ ، حتّى‏ تكونَ الآفَةُ في التَّدبيرِ17

5250. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'Destiny holds sway over [our] calculations until calamity ruins our calculations.'18

5251. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : تَذِلُّ الاُمورُ للمَقاديرِ حتّى‏ يكونَ الحَتفُ في التَّدبيرِ19

5251. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'All things surrender to destiny so much so that [sometimes our] calculations will be ruined.'20

5252. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : إنّ القَضاءَ والقَدَرَ خَلقانِ مِن خَلقِ اللَّهِ ، واللَّهُ يَزيدُ في الخَلقِ ما يَشاءُ21

5252. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'Decree and destiny are two creations from among the creations of Allah, and Allah increases in His creation how He wills.'22

5253. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : إذا كانَ يَومُ القِيامَةِ وجَمَعَ اللَّهُ الخَلائقَ سَألَهُم عمّا عَهِدَ إلَيهِم ولم يَسألْهُم عَمّا قَضى‏ علَيهِم23

5253. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'When the Day of Resurrection comes and Allah will gather all His creation, He will ask what He entrusted with them, and will not ask about what He destined for them.'24

5254. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : إنَّ اللَّهَ إذا أرادَ شيئاً قَدَّرَهُ ، فإذا قَدَّرَهُ قَضاهُ ، فإذا قَضاهُ أمضاهُ25

5254. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'When Allah wants something, He decrees it, and when He decrees it He issues His command, and when He issues His command He executes it.'26

5255. الإمامُ الهاديُّ عليه السلام : المَقاديرُ تُريكَ ما لَم يَخطُرْ بِبالِكَ27

5255. Imam al-Hadi (AS) said, 'Predeterminations show you what would have never crossed your mind.'28

Notes

1. التوبة : 51

2. Quran 9 :51

3. الأنفال : 42

4. Quran 8 :42

5. القمر : 49

6. Quran 55 :49

7. كنز العمّال : 499

8. Kanz al-Ummal, no. 499

9. كنز العمّال : 501

10. Ibid. no. 501

11. نهج البلاغة : الخطبة 183

12. Nahj al-Balagha, Sermon 183

13. التوحيد : 383 / 32

14. al-Tawhid, p. 383 no. 32

15. كنزالعمّال : 1567

16. Kanz al-Ummal, no. 1567

17. نهج البلاغة : الحكمة 459

18. Nahj al-Balagha, Saying 459

19. نهج البلاغة : الحكمة 16

20. Ibid. Saying 16

21. التوحيد : 364 / 1

22. al-Tawhid, p. 364, no. 1

23. الدّرة الباهرة : 33

24. al-Durra al-Bahira, p. 33

25. بحار الأنوار : 5 / 121 / 64

26. Bihar al-Anwar, v. 5, p. 121, no. 64

27. أعلام الدين : 311

28. Alam al-Din, p. 311

1530 - كِتابَةُ القَضاءِ وَالقَدَرِ عَلَى الإنسانِ فِي الرَّحِمِ‏

1530. THE WRITING OF DECREE AND DESTINY FOR PEOPLE IN THE WOMB

5256. الإمامُ الباقرُ عليه السلام - في خِلقَةِ الإنسانِ في الرَّحِمِ - : إذا كَمُلَ أربَعةُ أشهُرٍ بَعَثَ اللَّهُ مَلَكَينِ خَلّاقَينِ، . فيَقولانِ : يا ربِّ ، شَقِيّاً أو سَعيداً ؟ فيُؤمَرانِ ، فيقولانِ : يا رَبِّ ، ما أجَلُهُ وما رِزقُهُ وكلُّ شي‏ءٍ مِن حالِهِ - وعَدَّدَ مِن ذلك أشياءَ - ؟ ويَكتُبانِ المِيثاقَ بينَ عَينَيهِ1

5256. Imam al-Baqir (AS), with regards to the creation of the human in the womb said, 'When four months are completed, Allah sends two creative angels...., and they ask, 'O Lord, shall it be wretched or prosperous?' Again, they are commanded, and they then ask, 'O Lord, what is its due date of death, its sustenance, and all other matters relating to its state - [and he listed some of them]-?' And they then go about writing a covenant between his eyes.'2

5257. الإمامُ الباقرُ عليه السلام - أيضاً - : ثُمّ يُوحي اللَّهُ إلَى المَلَكَينِ : اُكتُبا علَيهِ قَضائي وقَدَري ونافِذَ أمري واشتَرِطا ليَ البَداءَ فيما تَكتُبانِ.3

5257. Imam al-Baqir (AS), said, 'And then Allah will reveal unto the two angels, 'Write for him My decree and destiny, and the execution of My command, and reserve My condition of changing [of a divine ruling] (bida') among what you write.'4

Notes

1. الكافي : 6 / 13 / 3

2. al-Kafi, v. 6, p. 13, no. 3

3. الكافي : 6 / 14 / 4

4. Ibid. v. 6, p. 14, no. 4

1531 - ما قَضاهُ اللَّهُ لِلمُؤمِنِ فَهُوَ خَيرٌ

1531. WHATEVER ALLAH DECREES FOR A BELIEVER IS GOOD

5258. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : في كلِّ قَضاءِ اللَّهِ عَزَّوجلَّ خِيَرَةٌ (خَيرٌ) للمؤمنِ1

5258. The Prophet (AS) said, 'In every decree of Allah's, Mighty and Exalted, there is good for the believer.'2

5259. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : عَجِبتُ للمَرءِ المُسلمِ لا يَقضي اللَّهُ عَزَّوجلَّ لَهُ قَضاءً إلّا كانَ خَيراً لَهُ ، وإن قُرِضَ بالمَقاريضِ كانَ خَيراً لَهُ ، وإن مَلَكَ مَشارِقَ الأرضِ ومَغارِبَها كانَ خَيراً لَهُ3

5259. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'How wonderful for a Muslim that Allah does not ordain a fate for him unless it is good for him, even if he was to be cut with scissors it would be for his benefit, and even if he was to own the east side of the world and the west, it would be for his good.'4

5260. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : ما قَضَى اللَّهُ لمؤمنٍ قَضاءً فَرَضِيَ بهِ إلّا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَهُ الخِيَرَةَ فيما يَقضي.5

5260. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'Any fate that Allah decrees for a believer which he is pleased with, Allah will place good in what He decreed.'6

(اُنظر) البلاء : باب 272

(See also: THE ORDEAL, section 272)

Notes

1. عيون أخبار الرِّضا : 1 / 141 / 42

2.'Uyun Akhbar al-Rida (AS), v. 1, p. 141, no. 42

3. الكافي : 2 / 62 / 8

4. al-Kafi, v. 2, p. 62, no. 8

5. التمحيص : 59 / 123

6. al-Tamhis, p. 59, no. 123

1532 - مَن لَم يَرضَ بِالقَضاءِ

1532. ONE WHO IS NOT CONTENT WITH THE DECREE

5261. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : قالَ اللَّهُ جلَّ جلالُهُ : مَن لم يَرضَ بقَضائي ولم يُؤمِنْ بِقَدَري فَلْيَلتَمِسْ إلهاً غَيري !1

5261. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'Allah Almighty says, 'Whoever is not pleased with My decree and does not believe in My destiny should beseech another god.'2

5262. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام: أشَدُّ الناسِ عَذاباً يَومَ القِيامَةِ المُتَسَخِّطُ لِقَضاءِ اللَّهِ3

5262. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'The people with the worst punishment on the Day of Judgment will be those who resented the decree of Allah.'4

5263. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : مَن أصبَحَ علَى الدنيا حَزيناً فقد أصبَحَ لِقَضاءِ اللَّهِ ساخِطاً5

5263. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'Whoever wakes up upset with the world has woken up resentful of the decree of Allah.'6

5264. الإمامُ العسكريُّ عليه السلام : إذا كانَ المَقضيُّ كائِناً فالضَّراعَةُ لماذا ؟ !7

5264. Imam al-Askari (AS) said, 'Since decrees are concealed, wherefore the need for begging?!'8

(اُنظر) الرضا (1) : باب 832

(See also: SATISFACTION WITH ALLAH'S DIVINE DECREE: section 832)

Notes

1. عيون أخبار الرِّضا : 1 / 141 / 42

2.'Uyun Akhbar al-Rida (AS), v. 1, p. 141, no. 42

3. غرر الحكم : 3225

4. Ghurar al-Hikam, no. 3225

5. نهج البلاغة : الحكمة 228

6. Nahj al-Balagha, Saying 228

7. نزهة الناظر : 147 / 21

8. Nuzhat al-Na?ir, p. 147, no. 21