Alhassanain(p) Network for Heritage and Islamic Thought

1533 - ما هو مِن القَدَرِ

1533. WHAT IS PART OF FATE

5265. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : الدَّواءُ مِن القَدَرِ ، وهُو يَنفَعُ مَن يَشاءُ بما شاءَ1

5265. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'The remedy is a part of fate, and He helps whom He wills and however He wills.'2

5266. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله - لَمّا سُئلَ : أرأيتَ دَواءً نَتَداوى‏ بهِ ، وَرُقىً نَستَرقِي بِها ، وأشياءَ نَفعَلُها ، هَل تَرُدُّ مِن قَدَرِ اللَّهِ ؟ - : بل هِي مِن قَدَرِ اللَّهِ3

5266. The Prophet (SAWA), when asked, 'Have you seen medicine that we can cure ourselves with, amulets we can protect ourselves with, and things we can do to repel the destiny of Allah?' He replied, 'They are all part of the destiny of Allah.'4

5267. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام - عندَ انصِرافِهِ مِن صِفِّينَ في‏جَوابِ شَيخٍ سَألَهُ عن مَسِيرِهِم إلَى الشامِ : أبِقَضاءٍ وقَدَرٍ ؟ - : والذي خَلَقَ الحَبَّةَ وبَرَأ النَّسَمَةَ ، ما قَطَعنا وادِياً ولا عَلَونا تَلعَةً إلّا بقَضاءٍ وقَدَرٍ لعلَّكَ ظَنَنتَه قَضاءً لازِماً وقَدَراً حاتِماً ، لو كانَ ذلكَ لَسَقَطَ الوَعدُ والوَعيدُ وبَطَلَ الثَّوابُ والعِقابُ ، ولا أتَت لائمَةٌ مِن اللَّهِ لِمُذنِبٍ ولا مَحمَدَةٌ مِن اللَّهِ لُمحسِنٍ ، ولا كانَ الُمحسِنُ أولى‏ بثَوابِ الإحسانِ مِن المُذنِبِ ، ذلكَ مَقالُ أحزابِ عَبَدَةِ الأوثانِ ومَجُوسِها ، ولكنَّ اللَّهَ أمَرَ بالخَيرِ تَخييراً ونَهى‏ عَنِ الشَّرِّ تَحذيراً ، ولم يُعصَ مَغلوباً ولم يُطَعْ مُكرَهاً ، ولا يُمَلِّكُ تَفويضاً5

5267. Imam Ali (AS), returning from the Battle of Siffin, in answer to an old man who asked him about their journey to Syria: 'Is this fate or destiny?' said, 'By He who created the seed and made the human being, we have not gone through a valley or ascended a mountain without it being our fate and destiny.... You might think this to be imperative fate and inevitable destiny. If this were so then promise of reward (wad) and threat of penalty (waid), would cease to apply, and reward and punishment would become null. Allah would not blame the sinners, nor would He praise the good-doers. The benevolent would not be more worthy of reward for good deeds than the sinner, which is the belief of the idol worshippers.... and the Magians. However, Allah has commanded good by choice and forbidden evil by warning, and He is not disobeyed helplessly, nor obeyed forcefully or freely, and nor does He give man absolute control.'6

5268. ابن نُباتَة : إنّ أميرَ المؤمنينَ عليه السلام عَدَلَ مِن عِندِ حائطٍ مائلٍ إلى‏ حائطٍ آخَرَ ، فقيلَ لَهُ : يا أميرَ المؤمنينَ ، تَفِرُّ مِن قَضاءِ اللَّهِ ؟ ! قالَ : أفِرُّ مِن قَضاءِ اللَّهِ إلى‏ قَدَرِ اللَّهِ عَزَّوجلَّ7

5268. Ibn Nubata narrated, 'The Commander of the Faithful (AS) swerved away from a leaning wall away to another wall, so he was asked, 'O Commander of the Faithful, are you fleeing from the decree of Allah?' He said, 'I flee from the decree of Allah to the destiny of Allah, Mighty and Exalted.'8

Notes

1. كنز العمّال : 28082

2. Kanz al-Ummal, no. 28082

3. كنز العمّال : 633

4. Ibid. no. 633

5. كنز العمّال : 1560

6. Ibid. no. 1560

7. بحار الأنوار : 41 / 2 / 3

8. Bihar al-Anwar, v. 41, p. 2, no. 3

333 - القضاء

333. JUDGMENT (in a Court of Justice)

1534 - أهَمِّيَّةُ موقِعِ القَضاءِ

1534. THE IMPORTANCE OF THE STATUS OF JUDGMENT

( يا دَاوُدُ إِنَّا جَعَلْناكَ خَلِيفَةً فِي الْأَرْضِ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ بِالْحَقِّ وَلَا تَتَّبِعِ الْهَوَى‏ فَيُضِلَّكَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَضِلُّونَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ شَدِيدٌ بِما نَسُوا يَوْمَ الْحِسابِ)1

“O David! Indeed We have made you a vicegerent on the earth. So judge between people with justice, and do not follow desire, or it will lead you astray from the way of Allah. Indeed those who stray from the way of Allah there is a severe punishment for them because of their forgetting the Day of Reckoning.” 2

5269. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام - لِشُرَيحٍ - : يا شُرَيحُ ، قد جَلَستَ مَجلِساً لا يَجلِسُهُ إلّا نَبيٌّ أو وَصيُّ نَبيٍّ أو شَقيٌّ3

5269. Imam Ali (AS) said to Shurayh, 'O Shurayh, you are sitting on a seat that only the likes of prophets, successors of prophets or wretched people sit on.'4

5270. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام - مِن كتابٍ كَتَبَهُ للأشتَرِ لَمّا وَلّاهُ على‏ مِصرَ - : ثُمّ اختَرْ لِلحُكمِ بينَ الناسِ أفضَلَ رَعِيَّتِكَ في نَفسِكَ ، ممَّن لا تَضيقُ بهِ الاُمورُ ، ولا تُمَحِّكُهُ الخُصومُ ، ولا يَتَمادى‏ في الزَّلَّةِ ، ولايَحصَرُ مِنَ الفَي‏ءِ إلَى الحَقِّ إذا عَرَفَهُ ، ولا تُشرِفُ نَفسُهُ على‏ طَمَعٍ ، ولا يَكتَفي بأدنى‏ فَهمٍ دونَ أقصاهُ ، وأوقَفَهُم في الشُّبُهاتِ ، وآخَذَهُم بالحُجَجِ وأقَلَّهُم تَبَرُّماً بمُراجَعَةِ الخَصمِ ، وأصبَرَهُم على‏ تَكشُّفِ الاُمورِ ، وأصرَمَهُم عِند اتِّضاحِ الحُكمِ ، مِمّن لا يَزدَهيهِ إطراءٌ ، ولا يَستَميلُهُ إغراءٌ ، واُولئكَ قَليلٌ ، ثُمّ أكثِر تَعاهُدَ (تَعهُّدَ) قَضائهِ5

5270. Imam Ali (AS), in a letter he wrote to al-Ashtar when he made him governor of Egypt, said, '...Then choose for judgment between people the best of your subjects, who are of excellent character and high caliber and for whom no issue or case is hard. They must not lose their temper, disputes should not let him fall astray they should not exceed in their mistakes, and when the truth is made clear to them they should not hesitate to accept it [change their verdict]. They should not lean towards greed. They should not satisfy themselves with the lowest of understanding over the highest, they must be more precautious than anyone else in doubtful and ambiguous matters. They must attach the greatest importance to reasoning, arguments and proofs. They must exhibit the least annoyance at seeing the opponent, be the most patient in scanning details, and most serious in the issuing of a verdict when the matter is clear. The praisings of people should not deceive them. They should not be misled by flattery, but unfortunately such people are few. After you have selected such men to act as your judges, make it a point to go through some of their judgments and to check their proceedings.'6

5271. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : اتَّقُوا الحُكومَةَ ؛ فإنَّ الحُكومَةَ إنّما هي لِلإمامِ العالِمِ بالقَضاءِ ، العادِلِ في المُسلمينَ ، لِنَبيٍّ أو وَصيِّ نبيٍّ7

5271. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'Beware of governance, for verily governance is for the leader who is knowledgeable about judgment, just among the Muslims, and for a prophet or the successor of a prophet.'8

Notes

1. ص : 26

2. Quran 38 :26

3. الكافي : 7 / 406 / 2

4. al-Kafi, v. 7, p. 406, no. 2

5. نهج البلاغة : الكتاب 53

6. Nahj al-Balagha, Letter 52

7. الكافي : 7 / 406 / 1

8. al-Kafi, v. 7, p. 406, no. 1

1535 - التَّحاكُمُ إلَى الطّاغوتِ‏

1535. BRINGING A CASE FOR JUDGMENT BEFORE A TYRANT

( أَلَمْ تَرَ إلَى الَّذِينَ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهُمْ آمَنُوا بِما أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ وَما أُنْزِلَ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ يُرِيدُونَ أَنْ يَتَحاكَمُوا إلَى الطَّاغُوتِ وَقَدْ أُمِرُوا أَنْ يَكْفُرُوا بِهِ)1

“Have you not regarded those who claim that they believe in what has been sent down to you, and what was sent down before you? They desire to seek the judgment of the Rebel, though they were commanded to defy it.” 2

5272. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام - في تَحاكُمِ رَجلَينِ مِن أصحابِهِ إلَى الطاغوتِ وبينَهُما مُنازَعَةٌ في دَينٍ أو مِيراثٍ - : مَن تَحاكَمَ إلَى الطاغوتِ فَحُكِمَ لَهُ فإنّما يَأخُذُ سُحتاً وإن كانَ حَقُّهُ ثابِتاً لَهُ ، لأ نّهُ أخَذَ بحُكمِ الطاغوتِ ، وقد أمَرَ اللَّهُ أن يَكفُرَ بهِ3

5272. Imam al-Sadiq (AS), with regard to two of his companions who went to be judged before a tyrant in a dispute they had about a loan or inheritance, said, 'Whoever goes to be judged before a tyrant and he judges in favour of one of them, whatever he is compensated is unlawful, even if it was rightfully his, because he took it by judgment of a tyrant when Allah has ordered him to reject the tyrant.'4

5273. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : إيّاكُم أن يُحاكِمَ بعضُكُم بَعضاً إلى‏ أهلِ الجَورِ ، ولكنِ انظُرُوا إلى‏ رجُلٍ مِنكُم يَعلَمُ شيئاً مِن قَضايانا فاجعَلُوهُ بينَكُم، فإنّي قد جَعَلتُهُ قاضيَاً فتَحاكَمُوا إلَيهِ5

5273. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'Beware of seeking judgment amongst yourselves from oppressors. Rather, try to find a person among you who has some knowledge about our legal edicts and make him judge between you, for I have made such a person [with these qualifications] a judge, so seek judgment from him.'6

Notes

1. النساء : 60

2. Quran 4 :60

3. الكافي : 7 / 412 / 5

4. al-Kafi, v. 7, p. 412, no. 5

5. كتاب من لا يحضره الفقيه : 3 / 2 / 3216

6. al-Faqih, v. 3, p. 2, no. 3216

1536 - خُطورَةُ عَمَلِ القَضاءِ

1536. THE DANGER IN THE OCCUPATION OF A JUDGE

5274. رَسولُ اللَّه صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : مَن جُعِلَ قاضياً فَقَد ذُبِحَ بغيرِ سِكِّينٍ فقيلَ : يا رسولَ اللَّهِ ، وما الذَّبحُ ؟ قالَ : نارُ جهنَّمَ1

5274. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'Whoever has been [wrongfully] appointed judge has been slaughtered without a knife.' He was asked, 'O Messenger of Allah, and what is meant by slaughtering?' He said, 'The Fire of Hell.'2

5275. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : إنَّ القاضيَ العَدلَ لَيُجاءُ بهِ يَومَ القِيامَةِ فَيَلقَى‏ مِن شِدَّةِ الحِسابِ ما يَتَمَنّى‏ أن لا يكونَ قَضى‏ بينَ اثنَينِ في تَمرَةٍ قَطُّ3

5275. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'The just judge will be brought forward on the Day of Judgment and will be judged so severely that he will wish that he never judged between two people for so much as a date.'4

5276. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : إنَّ النَّواويسَ‏5 شَكَت إلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّوجلَّ شِدَّةَ حَرِّها ، فقالَ لَها عَزَّوجلَّ : اسكُتي ؛ فإنَّ مَواضِعَ القُضاةِ أشَدُّ حَرّاً مِنكِ !6

5276. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'The Nawawis [a place in Hell] complained to Allah about the severity of the heat within them, so He said to them, 'Quiet! For the resting place of the judges is more severe in heat than yours!'7

Notes

1. مستدرك الوسائل : 17 / 243 / 21233

2. Mustadrak al-Wasa`il, v. 17, p. 243, no. 21233

3. كنز العمّال : 14988

4. Kanz al-Ummal, no. 14988

5. موضع في جهنّم

6. كتاب من لا يحضره الفقيه : 3 / 6 / 3226

7. al-Faqih, v. 3, p. 6, no. 3226

1537 - طَلَبُ القَضاءِ

1537. SEEKING JUDGMENT

5277. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : مَنِ ابتَغى‏ القَضاءَ وسَألَ فيهِ الشُّفَعاءَ وُكِلَ إلى‏ نفسِهِ ، ومَن اُكرِهَ علَيهِ أنزَلَ اللَّهُ علَيهِ مَلَكاً يُسَدِّدُهُ1

5277. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'Whoever seeks to be a judge and asks the mediators will be left to himself, and whoever is forced in doing so, Allah will bring down to him an angel to protect him.'2

5278. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : لا يَطمَعَنَّ قَليلُ الفِقهِ في القَضاءِ3

5278. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'A person of little legal knowledge should not desire to be a judge.'4

Notes

1. كنز العمّال: 14994

2. Kanz al-Ummal, no. 14994

3. بحار الأنوار : 104 / 264 / 5

4. Bihar al-Anwar, v. 104, p. 264, no. 5

1538 - آدابُ القَضاءِ

1538. THE ETIQUETTE OF JUDGING

أ - المُواساةُ بينَ الخُصومِ :

a. Equity Between Opposing Plaintiffs

5279. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : مَنِ ابتُلِيَ بالقَضاءِ بينَ المُسلمينَ فَلْيَعدِلْ بَينَهُم في لَحظِهِ وإشارَتِهِ ومَقعدِهِ ومَجلِسِهِ1

5279. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'Whoever is stricken with having to judge between Muslims must do so with fairness, in his glance, his indications, his sitting, and his gatherings.'2

5280. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام - لِشُرَيحٍ - : ثُمّ واسِ بينَ المسلمينَ بوَجهِكَ ومَنطِقِكَ ومَجلِسِكَ ، حتّى‏ لا يَطمَعَ قَريبُكَ في حَيفِكَ ، ولا يَيأسَ عَدُوُّكَ مِن عَدلِكَ3

5280. Imam Ali (AS), speaking to Shurayh said, '...And act with equity between the Muslims with your face, speech, and sitting, in order that those who are close to you will not hope for bias from you, nor will your enemies despair of your justice.'4

ب - أن لا يَعلُوَ كلامُهُ كلامَ الخصمِ :

b. The Judge Should Not Raise His Voice over the Plaintiff's

5281. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام - لأبي الأسوَدِ الدُّؤَليِّ لمّا سَألَهُ عن عِلّةِ عَزلِهِ عنِ القَضاءِ وهُو لم يَخُنْ ولم يَجنِ - : إنّي رَأيتُ كلامَكَ يَعلُو على‏ كلامِ الخَصمِ5

5281. Imam Ali, speaking to Abu al-Aswad al-Du?ali when he asked the Imam about the reason why he was discharged from being a judge, when he had neither been treacherous nor committed a crime, replied, 'I saw that your voice was raised above the voice of your plaintiff's.'6

ج - أنْ لا يَتَضَجَّرَ في مجلسِ القضاءِ :

c. Not Becoming Irritated

5282. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام - لِشُرَيحٍ - : إيّاكَ والتَّضَجُّرَ والتَّأذِّيَ في مَجلِسِ القَضاءِ ، الذي أوجَبَ اللَّهُ فيهِ الأجرَ ، ويُحسِنُ فيهِ الذُّخرَ لِمَن قَضى‏ بالحَقِّ7

5282. Imam Ali (AS) said to Shurayh, 'Beware of becoming bored and irritated in the court of justice, wherein Allah has prescribed a reward and for which there will be good provision for he who judges honestly.'8

د - أن لا يَقضيَ قبلَ سماعِ كلامِ الخَصمَينِ معاً :

d. Not Passing Judgment before Listening to Both Sides

5283. رسولُ اللَّه صلى اللَّه عليه وآله - لِعَليٍّ عليه السلام - : إذا تَقاضى‏ إلَيكَ رَجُلانِ فلا تَقضِ لِلأوّلِ حتّى‏ تَسمَعَ مِن الآخَرِ ؛ فإنّكَ إذا فَعلتَ ذلكَ تَبَيَّنَ لكَ القَضاءُ

قالَ عليٌّ عليه السلام : فما زِلتُ بَعدَها قاضياً ، وقالَ لَهُ النبيُّ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : اللّهُمَّ فَهِّمْهُ القَضاءَ9

5283. The Prophet (SAWA) said to Imam Ali (AS), 'When two people bring a case against each other before you to be judged, do not judge the first before you hear out the second. If you adhere to this, judging will become clear for you.' Imam Ali (AS) said, 'And after that I continued to be a judge.' The Prophet (SAWA) said [supplicating for him], 'O Allah, make him understand judgment.'10

ه - عَدَمُ القَضاءِ في الغَضَبِ :

e. Not Passing Judgment While Angry

5284. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام - لِشُرَيحٍ - : لا تُسارَّ أحَداً في مَجلِسِكَ ، وإن غَضِبتَ فَقُمْ ، فلا تَقضِيَنَّ فأنتَ غَضبانُ11

5284. Imam Ali (AS), said to Shurayh, 'Do not whisper to anyone in your court, and if you get angry leave, and do not judge whilst you are angry.'12

و - أن لا يَقضيَ وهو مُثقَلٌ بالنَّومِ :

f. Not Passing Judgment Whilst Being Overcome by Sleep

5285. دعائم الإسلام : نَهى‏ رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله أن يَقضيَ القاضي وهُو غَضبانُ أو جائعٌ أو ناعِسٌ13

5285. Daa'im al-Islam: 'The Prophet (SAWA) forbade for a judge to pass judgment whilst being angry, hungry or tired.'14

ز - أن لا يَقضيَ وهو جُوعانُ أو عَطشانُ :

g. Not Passing Judgment While Hungry or Thirsty

5286. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : لا يَقضِي القاضِي بَينَ إثنَينِ إلّا وهُوَ شَبعان رَيّان15

5286. The Prophet (SAWA) said, The judge should not pass judgment between two people unless he is satiated with food and water.'16

5287. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام - لِشُرَيحٍ - : ولا تَقعُدَنَّ في مَجلِسِ القَضاءِ حتّى‏ تَطعَمَ17

5287. Imam Ali (AS), said to Shurayh, 'Do not sit in a session of justice until you have eaten.'18

ح - أن لا يُضيفَ أحدَ الخَصمَينِ :

h. Not Hosting Any of the Plaintiffs as a Guest

5288. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : إنَّ رجُلاً نَزَلَ بأميرِ المؤمنينَ عليه السلام فمَكَثَ عِندَهُ أيّاماً ، ثُمّ تَقَدَّمَ إلَيهِ في خُصومَةٍ لم يَذكُرْها لأميرِ المؤمنينَ عليه السلام ، فقالَ لَهُ : أخَصمٌ أنتَ ؟ قالَ : نَعَم ، قالَ : تَحَوَّلْ عنّا ، إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله نَهى‏ أن يُضافَ الخَصمُ إلّا ومَعهُ خَصمُهُ19

5288. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) narrated, 'A person was a guest of the Commander of the Faithful (AS) and stayed with him for some days. He then presented him with a prior dispute that he had not mentioned to him (AS). The Imam said to him, 'Are you making a formal complaint?' He said, 'Yes.' The Imam said, 'Transfer from us [from our house], for the Messenger of Allah (SAWA) forbade the hosting of a plaintiff [for whom one is judge] unless the rival plaintiff is also with him.'20

ط - أن لا يُلَقِّنَ الشُّهودَ :

i. Not Suborning the Witnesses

5289. مستدرك الوسائل : إنّ رسولَ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله نَهى‏ أن يُحابِيَ القاضي أحَدَ الخَصمَينِ بكَثرَةِ النَّظَرِ وحُضورِ الذِّهنِ ، ونَهى‏ عَن تَلقينِ الشُّهودِ21

5289. It is narrated in Mustadrak al-Wasa?il: The Prophet (SAWA) forbade the judge to favour one of the plaintiffs [over the other] by looking at him too much or paying more attention to him, and he also forbade suborning witnesses.'22

Notes

1. كنز العمّال : 15032

2. Kanz al-Ummal, no. 15032

3. وسائل الشيعة : 18 / 155 / 1

4. Wasa?il al-Shia, v. 18, p. 155, no. 1

5. عوالي اللآلي : 2 / 343 / 5

6. Awali al-La'ali, v. 2, p. 343, no. 5

7. الكافي : 7 / 413 / 1

8. al-Kafi, v. 7, p. 413, no. 1

9. كتاب من لا يحضره الفقيه : 3 / 13 / 3238

10. al-Faqih, v. 3, p. 13, no. 3238

11. الكافي : 7 / 413 / 5

12. al-Kafi, v. 7, p. 413, no. 5

13. دعائم الإسلام : 2 / 537 / 1907

14. Daa'im al-Islam, v. 2 p. 537, no. 1907

15. كنز العمّال : 15040

16. Kanz al-Ummal, no. 15040

17. الكافي : 7 / 413 / 1

18. al-Kafi, v. 7, p. 413, no. 1

19. الكافي : 7 / 413 / 4

20. Ibid. v. 7, p. 413, no. 4

21. مستدرك الوسائل : 17 / 350 / 21549

22. Mustadrak al-Wasa?il, v. 17, p. 350, no. 21549

1539 - مَن يُسَدِّدُهُ اللَّهُ مِن القُضاةِ

1539. THE JUDGES WHOSE MISTAKES ALLAH REMEDIES

5290. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : ما مِن قاضٍ مِن قُضاةِ المُسلمينَ إلّا ومَعهُ مَلَكانِ يُسَدِّدانِهِ إلَى الحَقِّ مالَم يُرِدْ غيرَهُ ، فإذا أرادَ غيرَهُ وجارَ مُتَعمِّداً تَبَرَّأَ مِنهُ المَلَكانِ ووَكَلاهُ إلى‏ نفسِهِ1

5290. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'There is no Muslim judge who does not have two angels guiding him to the truth as long as he does not seek other than this [i.e. the truth]. If he does want other than the truth and intentionally gives wrong edicts, the two angels disown him and entrust him to his own [base] self.'2

5291. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : يَدُ اللَّهِ فوقَ رَأسِ الحاكِمِ تُرَفرِفُ بالرَّحمَةِ ، فإذا حافَ وَكَلَهُ اللَّهُ إلى‏ نفسِهِ3

5291. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'The Hand of Allah hovers above the head of the judge with mercy. If he gives unjust rulings, Allah entrusts him to his own self.'4

Notes

1. كنز العمّال : 14993

2. Kanz al-Ummal, no. 14993

3. الكافي : 7 / 410 / 1

4. al-Kafi, v. 7, p. 410, no. 1

1540 - أصنافُ القُضاةِ

1540. TYPES OF JUDGES

5292. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : القُضاةُ أربَعةٌ : ثلاثةٌ في النارِ وواحِدٌ في الجَنَّةِ : رجُلٌ قَضى‏ بجَورٍ وهُو يَعلَمُ فهُو في النارِ ، ورَجُلٌ قَضى‏ بجَورٍ وهو لا يَعلَمُ فهُو في النارِ ، ورجلٌ قَضى‏ بالحَقِّ وهُو لا يَعلَمُ فهُو في النارِ ، ورجُلٌ قَضى‏ بالحَقِّ وهو يَعلَمُ فهُو في الجَنَّةِ1

5292. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'Judges are of four types, three of them are in the Hellfire, and one in Heaven: a person who knowingly judges wrongfully is in the Hellfire; a person who unknowingly judges wrongfully is in the Hellfire; a person who unknowingly judges with truth is in the Hellfire; and a person who knowingly judges with truth is in Heaven.'2

Notes

1. الكافي : 7 / 407 / 1

2. Ibid. v. 7, p. 407, no. 1

1541 - قُضاةُ الحقّ‏

1541. JUST JUDGES

5293. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : أعدَلُ الخَلقِ أقضاهُم بِالحَقِّ1

5293. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'The most just of creation is he who is the most best in judging according to the truth.'2

5294. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : خَيرُ النّاسِ قُضاةُ الحَقِّ3

5294. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'The best of people are the judges of truth.'4

Notes

1. غرر الحكم : 3014

2. Ghurar al-Hikam, no. 3014

3. بحار الأنوار : 104 / 266 / 20

4. Bihar al-Anwar, v. 104, p. 266, no. 20

1542 - القَضاءُ بِالبَيِّنَةِ

1542. JUDGING WITH CLEAR EVIDENCE

5295. رسولَ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله - لمّا اختصم إليه رَجلانِ في مَواريثَ وأشياءَ قد دَرَسَتْ - : لعلَّ بعضَكُم أن يكونَ ألحَنَ بحُجَّتِهِ مِن بَعضٍ ، فَمَن قَضَيتُ لَهُ بشي‏ءٍ مِن حَقِّ أخيهِ فإنّما أقطَعُ لَهُ قِطعَةً مِن النارِ ، فقالَ لَهُ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِن الرَّجُلَينِ : يا رسولَ اللَّهِ ، حَقّي هذا لِصاحبي ؟ فقالَ : ولكنِ اذهَبا فَتَوَخَّيا ثُمّ اسْتَهِما ثُمّ ليُحَلِّلْ كلُّ واحِدٍ مِنكُما صاحِبَهُ1

5295. The Prophet (SAWA) said to two men when they came to him with a dispute about the inheritance and things that had became effaced, 'One of you might be more agile in his evidence than the other. So if I was to judge something in his favour that was [actually] from the right of his brother, then I am giving him a part of Hell.' Each of the two men asked him, 'O Messenger of Allah, does this right of mine belong to my companion?' He replied, '[No], But go and become brothers and have compassion, and each of you should forgive the other.'2

5296. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله - لامرء القيس وقد اختصم هو ورجل في أرض - : ألكَ بَيِّنَةٌ ؟ قالَ : لا، قالَ : فَيَمِّنْهُ ، قالَ : إذَن واللَّهِ يَذهَبُ بأرضي ! قالَ : إن ذَهَبَ بأرضِكَ بيَمينِهِ كانَ ممَّن لا يَنظُرُ اللَّهُ إلَيهِ يَومَ القِيامَةِ ولا يُزَكِّيهِ ولَهُ عَذابٌ أليمٌ قالَ : فَفَزِعَ الرجُلُ وَرَدَّها إلَيهِ3

5296. The Prophet (SAWA), speaking to Imri? al-Qays who was in a dispute with another person about a piece of land, said, 'Do you have evidence?' He said, 'No'. The Prophet said, 'Then make him swear [by Allah].' He said, 'In that case, by Allah he will take my land!' The Prophet said, 'If by falsely swearing this person takes the land, he will be among those whom Allah will not look at on the Day of Judgment and He will not purify him, and he will be severely punished.' He said, 'The person became frightened as a result and returned the land to him.'4

5297. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : خَمسَةُ أشياءَ يَجِبُ علَى القاضي الأخْذُ فيها بظاهِرِ الحُكمِ : الوِلايَةُ والمَناكِحُ والمَواريثُ والذَّبايحُ والشَّهاداتُ ، إذا كانَ ظاهرُ الشُّهودِ مَأموناً جازَت شَهادَتُهُم ولا يَسألُ عن باطِنِهم5

5297. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'There are five things a judge must accept at face value: guardianship, marriage, inheritance, slaughtering, and witnessings. If the witness appears trustworthy, their testimony is permitted, and they should not be asked about their inner aspects.'6

5298. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : إذا قامَ قائمُ آلِ محمّدٍ - علَيهِ وعلَيهِمُ السلامُ - حَكَمَ بينَ الناسِ بحُكمِ داودَ ، لا يَحتاجُ إلى‏ بَيِّنةٍ ، يُلهِمُهُ اللَّهُ تعالى‏ فَيَحكُمُ بعِلمِهِ7

5298. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'When al-Qaim [the one who will rise] from the household of Muhammad [i.e. the Mahdi] reappears - peace be upon him and them - he will judge among people as the the judging of Prophet David (AS). He will not need evidence as Allah, most High, will inspire into him and he will judge with his knowledge.'8

Notes

1. معاني الأخبار : 279

2. Maani al-Akhbar, p. 279

3. تنبيه الخواطر : 2 / 171

4. Tanbih al-Khawatir, v. 2, p. 171

5. الخصال : 311 / 88

6. al-Khisal, p. 311, no. 88

7. بحار الأنوار : 14 / 14 / 23

8. Bihar al-Anwar, v. 14, p. 14, no. 23

1543 - قَولُ الإمامِ : أما إنَّها حُكومَةٌ !

1543. THE SAYING OF Imam Ali: 'THIS IS INDEED LIKE A COURT OF JUSTICE'

5299. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام: إنَّ أميرَ المؤمنينَ عليه السلام ألقَى صِبيانُ الكُتّابِ ألواحَهُم بينَ يدَيهِ لِيُخَيِّرَ بينَهُم ، فقالَ : أما إنّها حُكومَةٌ ! والجَورُ فيها كالجَورِ في الحُكمِ ! أبلِغُوا مُعَلِّمَكُم إن ضَرَبَكُم فَوقَ ثلاثِ ضَرَباتٍ في الأدَبِ اقتُصَّ مِنهُ1

5299. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) narrated, 'Verily, the Commander of the Faithful (AS) made the school children put their writing tablets in front of him so as to choose from them, so he exclaimed, 'This is indeed like a court of justice, and injustice here is like injustice in a verdict! Inform your teacher that if he was to hit you more than three hits for discipline, he will be penalized.'2

Notes

1. وسائل الشيعة : 18 / 582 / 2

2. Wasa?il al-Shia, v. 18, p. 582, no. 2

334 - القلب‏

334. THE HEART

1544 - القَلبُ‏

1544. THE HEART

5300. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : إنَّ للَّهِ تعالى‏ في الأرضِ أوانِيَ ، ألا وهِي القُلوبُ ، فَأحَبُّها إلَى اللَّهِ ، أرَقُّها وأصفاها وأصلَبُها ؛ أرقُّها للإخوانِ، وأصفاها مِن الذُّنوبِ ، وأصلَبُها في ذاتِ اللَّهِ1

5300. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'Allah, most High, has receptacles on the earth, and verily they are the hearts. The most beloved of hearts to Allah are the softest ones, the purest ones, and the firmest ones: those that are the softest to their brothers, those that are the most pure from sins, and those that are the firmest in the path of Allah.'2

5301. رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : إنَّ اللَّهَ تباركَ وتعالى‏ لا يَنظُرُ إلى‏ صُوَرِكُم ولا إلى‏ أموالِكُم ولكنْ يَنظُرُ إلى‏ قُلوبِكُم وأعمالِكُم3

5301. The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'Allah Almighty does not look at your appearances, nor at your possessions, rather he looks at your hearts and actions.'4

5302. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : القلبُ مُصحَفُ البَصَرِ5

5302. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'The heart is the book of the sight.'6

5303. الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : إنَّ هذهِ القُلوبَ أوعِيَةٌ ، فخَيرُها أوعاها7

5303. Imam Ali (AS) said, 'Verily these hearts are receptacles, and the best of them are the most receptive.'8

5304. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : مَوضِعُ العَقلِ الدِّماغُ ، والقَسوَةُ والرِّقَّةُ في القلبِ9

5304. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'The place of the intellect is the brain, and the place of cruelty and softness is in the heart.'10

5305. الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : إنَّ مَنزِلَةَ القلبِ مِن الجَسَدِ بمَنزِلَةِ الإمامِ مِن الناسِ11

5305. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'The status of the heart to the body is the same as that of a leader among people.'12

5306. الإمامُ الجوادُ عليه السلام : القَصدُ إلَى اللَّهِ تعالى‏ بالقُلوبِ أبلَغُ مِن إتعابِ الجَوارحِ بالأعمالِ13

5306. Imam al-Jawad (AS) said, 'Seeking Allah with the hearts is more effective than tiring the limbs with actions.'14

Notes

1. كنز العمّال : 1225

2. Kanz al-Ummal, no. 1225

3. الأمالي للطوسي : 536 / 1162

4. Amali al-Tusi, p. 536, no. 1162

5. نهج البلاغة : الحكمة 409

6. Nahj al-Balagha, Saying 409

7. نهج البلاغة : الحكمة 147

8. Ibid. Saying 147

9. تحف العقول : 371

10. Tuhaf al-Uqul, p. 371

11. علل الشرائع : 109 / 8

12. Ilal al-Sharai, p. 109, no. 8

13. الدّرة الباهرة : 39

14. al-Durra al-Bahira, p. 39