Identifying the General Political Attitude
Imitating the Holy Prophet (S) and following the instruction of the Holy Qur'an, the Ahl al-Bayt (‘a) made sure that the season of Hajj took the form of an annual meeting held by Muslims in order to declare their general political attitude and the most important situations that are related to all Muslims.
Historically, in the first year of their Hajj after the conquest of Makkah, Surah Bara'ah (al-Tawbah, No. 9) was revealed. The Holy Qur'an and the Holy Prophet (S) declared a release from all obligations towards the polytheists. This was one of the most significant political attitudes demonstrated by Islam.
In the last season of Hajj led by the Holy Prophet (S) and known as the hijjat al-wada’ (Farewell Pilgrimage), the Holy Prophet (S) delivered a sermon that included all political and social attitudes of Muslims.
At the end of his last Hajj, he declared the future leadership as Imam ‘Ali’s and the Muslims’ duty towards him. This declaration, which took place in a region called Khumm Spring (i.e. Ghadir), the Holy Prophet (S) openly declared:
أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، مَنْ كُنْتُ مَوْلاَهُ فَهَذَا عَلِيٌّ مَوْلاَهُ. اَللَّهُمَّ وَالِ مَنْ وَالاَهُ، وَعَادِ مَنْ عَادَاهُ، وَانْصُرْ مَنْ نَصَرَهُ، وَاخْذُلْ مَنْ خَذَلَهُ، وَأَحِبَّ مَنْ أَحَبَّهُ، وَأَبْغِضْ مَنْ أَبْغَضَهُ
O people, whoever has taken me as master, ‘Ali is now his master. O Allah, (please) be the friend of him who takes ‘Ali as master, be the opponent of him who antagonizes ‘Ali, give victory to him who supports ‘Ali, disappoint him who disappoints ‘Ali, love him who loves ‘Ali, and hate him who hates ‘Ali.
This event is unanimously reported by all Muslims.
The aforementioned traditions on the goals of Hajj also indicate this particular goal and practical outline. Of course, this goal is naturally imposed by the devotional act of Hajj and this annual gathering which is attended by select individuals of the Muslim nation as well as those who are financially capable of performing this religious duty.
Meeting the Imam and the Leadership of the Muslim Community
The Ahl al-Bayt (‘a) emphasized meeting and visiting the Imam (‘a) during the season of Hajj in order to get his advice and guidance and to become acquainted with the detailed attitudes towards various issues that concern Muslims. These meetings also intended to provide the Imam (‘a) with a review of the activities of the faithful believers, their problems and common and private questions in addition to other affairs necessitated by the direct connection between the leader and the subjects with regard to the Muslim society and the process of building a virtuous community inside this society.
In this regard, Shaykh al-Kulayni and Shaykh al-Saduq have reported through a valid chain of authority that Imam al-Baqir (‘a) said:
إِنَّمَا أُمِرَ النَّاسُ أَنْ يَأْتُوا هَذِهِ الأَحْجَارَ فَيَطُوفُوا بِهَا، ثُمَّ يَأْتُونَا فَيُخْبِرُونَا بِوِلاَيَتِهِمْ وَيُعْرِضُوا عَلَيْنَا نَصْرَهُمْ
The people have been ordered to come to these stones and circumambulate them so that they can then come to us to show their loyalty to us and offer their support for us.
Many other traditions have spoken of the same topic. This proves the significance of meeting the Imam (‘a), which is an organizational trend in the process of building a virtuous community, during this blessed devotional system, considering it one of the devotional acts a faithful believer is required to do.
Moreover, this organizational trend is in reality an Islamic principle that has been put into practice by the Ahl al-Bayt (‘a) in setting up the system of building a virtuous community.
In plain words, the attachment of the people to their religious leadership and their commitment to the covenants and pledges that they make with their leadership (which may take various forms including following the guidelines, carrying out the commands, and giving complete support to the leadership) is actually one of the principles of Islam to which the Holy Qur'an (‘a) has called, saying:
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اسْتَجِيبُوا لِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ إِذَا دَعَاكُمْ لِمَا يُحْيِيكُمْ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَحُولُ بَيْنَ الْمَرْءِ وَقَلْبِهِ وَأَنَّهُ إِلَيْهِ تُحْشَرُونَ (24)
O you who believe, answer the call of Allah and His Messenger when he calls you to that which gives you life. Know that Allah intervenes between man and his heart and that to Him you shall be gathered. (8:24)
Hajj: Jihad of the Weak
Some traditions have reported the Holy Prophet (S) to have regarded Hajj as a type of jihad (holy struggle) although he said so about women, who are exempted from the religious duty of jihad. In this regard, al-Bukhari has reported that ‘A'ishah said to the Holy Prophet (S), “We, the women, see jihad as the best of all deeds. Nonetheless, we are exempted from practicing this deed.”
He answered her, “This is true, but the best jihad is to perform an accepted Hajj.”
Referring to the same tradition, al-Nasa'i reports the Holy Prophet (S) as saying, “The best and most comprehensive kind of jihad is to make a pilgrimage to the Holy House.”
Thus, al-Nasa'i generalizes this ruling to include the old, the children, the weak, and women.
In this connection, the Ahl al-Bayt (‘a) have given a broader view to the ritual Hajj from this angle that it includes all the individuals of the virtuous community who may face exceptional circumstances that prevent them from carrying out the duty of jihad for legal and moral reasons. This view stems from the Ahl al-Bayt’s attempt to maintain the idea and spirit of jihad and to declare the necessity of practicing this sort of devotional act under all conditions. Of course, this concept is founded on the understanding of the Ahl al-Bayt of the Holy Prophet’s situation and content of this devotional duty.
The partisans of the Ahl al-Bayt (‘a) and the individuals of the virtuous community came under exceptional political circumstances because the tyrannical rulers would wage unjustified campaigns against people for no reason other than gaining a dominant influence over them, making more profit, and levying more financial taxes. This matter reached its climax when some rulers of the Umayyad dynasty refused to accept the conversion to Islam of some Christians so as not to be deprived of the tributes those people would pay as long as they were non-Muslims.
Declaring their religion-based attitude to such practices, the Ahl al-Bayt (‘a) disallowed the individuals of the virtuous community to participate in such campaigns even though this attitude had a negative spiritual influence on the virtuous community since it deprived them of gaining the moral outcomes of carrying out the religious duty of jihad (struggle for the sake of Almighty Allah).
As a substitute, the Ahl al-Bayt (‘a) advised their followers to go for Hajj as frequently as possible because the practice of Hajj would compensate for the spiritual, educational, and ethical fruits of jihad of which they were deprived because of the political circumstances of those days. Of course, this concept is also founded on their understanding of the Holy Prophet’s tradition.
In the beginning of our discussion of Hajj, we have referred to the validly reported tradition of Imam al-Sadiq (‘a) who quotes the Holy Prophet (S) as saying:
Hajj is one of the two jihads. It is the jihad of the weak.
Commenting on this saying, Imam al-Sadiq (‘a) said:
We are the weak.
According to another tradition, Imam al-Sadiq (‘a) has said:
نَحْنُ وَشِيعَتُنَا الضُّعَفَاءُ
Our Shi’ah and we are the weak.
These two texts may shed some light on this special situation and understanding of the Ahl al-Bayt (‘a) with regard to the relationship between jihad and Hajj - an understanding that can be made clearer through the following texts:
1. Ja’far ibn Muhammad ibn Qawlawayh has reported Imam al-Baqir (‘a) as saying:
الْجِهَادُ أَفْضَلُ الأَشْيَاءِ بَعْدَ الْفَرَائِضِ فِي وَقْتِ الْجِهَادِ، وَلاَ جِهَادَ إِلاَّ مَعَ الإِمَامِ
When its time comes, jihad is the best of all things save the ritual prayers. However, no jihad is permissible except under the pennon (or the command) of an Imam.
2. Al-Kulayni and others have reported through a valid chain of authority that Imam al-Sadiq (‘a) said:
‘Abbad al-Basri, on his way to Makkah, met Imam ‘Ali Zayn al-’Abidin (‘a) and said, “O ‘Ali, you have left jihad, escaping its difficulty, and come to Hajj and its easiness. Almighty Allah says, “Surely, Allah has bought of the believers their persons and their property for this, that they shall have Paradise. They fight in Allah's way, so they slay and are slain - a promise which is binding on Him in the Torah, the Gospel, and the Qur'an. And who is more faithful to his covenant than Allah? Rejoice therefore in the pledge, which you have made. And that is the mighty achievement.(9:111)
”
Imam Zayn al-’Abidin (‘a) commented, “You may recite what comes next.”
So, the man recited, “They who turn to Allah, who serve Him, who praise Him, who fast, who bow down, who prostrate themselves, who enjoin what is good and forbid what is evil, and who keep the limits of Allah. And give good news to the believers.(9:112)
”
The Imam (‘a) thus commented, “If we find persons enjoying these characteristics, we will definitely leave Hajj and practice jihad with them because it will then be better than Hajj.”
According to another form of the tradition, Imam Zayn al-’Abidin (‘a) said, “If such people appear, we will never prefer anything to jihad.”
A reference to this situation of the Holy Imams (‘a) has been previously made within the discussion of jihad.
3. Imam al-Sadiq (‘a) is validly reported to have quoted Imam ‘Ali (‘a) as saying:
لاَ يَخْرُجُ الْمُسْلِمُ فِي الْجِهَادِ مَعَ مَنْ لاَ يُؤْمَنُ عَلَى الْحُكْمِ، وَلاَ يُنْفِذُ فِي الْفَيْءِ أَمْرَ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ; فَإِنَّهُ إِنْ مَاتَ فِي ذَلِكَ الْمَكَانِ كَانَ مُعِيناً لِعَدُوِّنَا فِي حَبْسِ حَقِّنَا وَالإِشَاطَةِ بِدِمَائِنَا، وَمِيتَتُهُ مِيتَةٌ جَاهِلِيَّةٌ
A Muslim must not participate in jihad with one who cannot be regarded as a just ruler and who does not apply the laws of Almighty Allah to the spoils of war. If one violates this order and then dies in that place, he will definitely be determined as having supported our enemies in confiscating our dues and shedding our blood. Thus, he will die the same death of those who have not accepted Islam.
The Course of the Devotional Acts During The Hajj Season
The devotional acts of Hajj are the following:
Devotional Acts Attached to the Rites of Hajj.
Devotional Acts on the Day of ‘Arafat.
Devotional Acts on the First Ten Days of Dhu’l-Hijjah.
Devotional Acts on the Tashriq Days.
The Devotional Acts Attached to the Rites of Hajj
Jurisprudents have mentioned some etiquettes and recommended acts to be practiced in the midst of carrying out the obligatory rites of Hajj. Such etiquettes and acts include ritual bathing, prayers, supplications, and litanies. The most eminent of them are:
1. While preparing oneself for entering into the state of Ihram, it is recommended to clean the body from dirt, trim the nails, remove the hairs of the armpits and pubes, and clip the moustache. For those who intend to perform the ritual Hajj, it is recommended, in addition to all these, to comb the hair of the head and the beard from the first day of Dhu’l-Hijjah.
It is further recommended to bathe oneself ceremonially before entering into the state of Ihram and to say a special supplication during the bathing and while putting on the uniform or Ihram.
Before entering into the state of Ihram, it is also recommended to offer a prayer, be it an obligatory or a six or two-unit supererogatory prayer. Another special supplication is said immediately before entering into the state of Ihram.
In addition to uttering the obligatory statement of Talbiyah, it is recommended to add other statements comprising words praising Almighty Allah and words beseeching Him. It is also recommended to repeat the statement of Talbiyah at different places and on different conditions until the houses of Makkah can be seen.
2. Upon entering the Holy Precinct, which is a vast circular area surrounding the holy city of Makkah, it is recommended to get off whatever one is riding, perform ritual bathing, take off the shoes, and say a special supplication.
3. For entering the city of Makkah and the Sacred Mosque, it is recommended to bathe oneself ceremonially. At the door of the mosque, it is recommended to offer salutations to the Holy Prophet and Prophet Abraham, peace be upon them both, mention the Name of Almighty Allah through a special formula, praise Him by saying another special formula, and turn the face towards the Holy Ka’bah while uttering a third special formula of supplication.
4. Upon approaching the Black Stone, it is recommended to say certain litanies and supplications. Likewise, it is recommended to beseech Almighty Allah and say more litanies, invocations of blessings upon the Holy Prophet (S) and a special supplication while kissing the Black Stone.
5. During the ritual circumambulation, there are special supplications to be said on each round and at certain places. These include the gate of the Holy Ka’bah, the corner of the Ka’bah facing Yemen (known as al-Rukn al-Yamani), the Black Stone, the backside of the Ka’bah, the flipside of the gate of the Ka’bah,
and Hijr Isma’il, (the fence built by Prophet Ishmael (‘a) around the tomb of his mother).
6. Upon accomplishing Salat al-Tawaf (the Circumambulation Prayer), it is recommended to thank and praise Almighty Allah, invoke His blessings upon the Holy Prophet and his Household (S), and supplicate to Him while prostrating.
7. Upon drinking water from Zamzam Spring, it is recommended to say a special supplication and pour a little amount of that water on the head, belly, and back.
8. Upon performing the ritual running between al-Safa and al-Marwah, it is recommended to say some special litanies, invocations of blessings upon the Holy Prophet and his Household (S), and supplications. It is also recommended to recite certain chapters of the Holy Qur'an on al-Safa and al-Marwah and while running between them.
9. The same recommended acts that are done at entering into the state of Ihram for the Hajj may be repeated for the Ihram of the ‘Umrah. The only difference is that entering into the state of Ihram for performing ‘Umrah may be followed by saying certain supplications while heading for Mina and on the way to Mount ‘Arafat. At Mina, it is recommended to spend the whole night in devotional acts, especially at al-Khif Mosque. There is also another special supplication to be said while heading for Mount ‘Arafat.
10. In the second section, the devotional acts and etiquettes practiced on the Day of ‘Afarat will be mentioned, because some of these acts are practiced on this day by both performers of Hajj and ‘Umrah.
11. At the Holy Monument, it is recommended to say a supplication at the red dune that lies to the right side of the road, slow down one’s steps, and spend the Night of ‘«d al-Adhha in acts of worship and supplications.
In this regard, a hadith reads:
If possible, try to spend the whole night in acts of worship, because as reported, the gates of heaven remain open on this night because of the voices of the believers who buzz like bees. On this night, Allah, Majestic be His praise, says, “I am your Lord and you are My servants. You have fulfilled your duties towards Me; therefore, it is incumbent upon Me to respond to you.” Thus, He excuses whoever He wishes and forgives whoever He wishes on this night.
In addition, there are some supplications reported to be said on the Night of ‘Arafat.
Immediately after the obligatory dawn prayer, it is recommended to praise and thank Almighty Allah, enumerate any amount possible of His graces and favors, invoke His blessings upon the Holy Prophet and his Household, and then say a supplication dedicated to this time.
It is also recommended to run about one hundred steps at Wadi Muhassar (a valley lying on the way between Jam’ and Mina) and then say a special supplication while running there.
12. Upon stoning the large statue along with the other statutes representing Satan, it is recommended to be ritually pure, say a special supplication while collecting the pebbles, say the takbir statement while throwing them along with a special supplication, and say another special supplication on the way back to Mina.
13. Upon offering and slaughtering an animal, it is recommended to say a special supplication and to undertake the process of slaughtering or, if this is not possible, put the knife on the neck of the animal and put the hand on the slaughterer’s hand.
14. Upon having one’s hair shaved or cut short, it is recommended to say a special supplication.
15. Upon performing the ritual circumambulation for Hajj, it is recommended to do the acts that have been previously cited for performing the ritual circumambulation for ‘Umrah. In addition, it is recommended to say a special supplication while standing at the door of the Sacred Mosque before starting this rite.
16. There are more recommended acts to be done by a performer of Hajj during his/her residence in Makkah. These acts can be summed up as follows:
a) It is recommended to mention Almighty Allah as frequently as possible.
b) It is recommended to recite as many chapters of the Holy Qur'an as possible or recite it entirely during one’s residence in this city.
c) It is recommended to drink from the water of Zamzam Spring and say a special supplication thereat.
d) It is recommended to catch as many glimpses as possible of the Holy Ka’bah, for a great reward is obtained from this act.
e) It is recommended to circumambulate the Holy Ka’bah seven rounds ten times a day: three at the first hour of night, three at the last hour of it, two immediately after dawn, and two immediately after midday.
f) It is recommended to circumambulate the Holy Ka’bah sixty-three times during residence in Makkah. If this is not possible, then fifty-two rounds will be sufficient. If this is not possible either, then one may circumambulate any number of rounds possible.
g) It is recommended to enter inside the Holy Ka’bah, bathe oneself ritually before doing so, say a special supplication while entering, offer prayers, offer another special two-unit prayer, offer prayers at the four corners of the Ka’bah followed by a special supplication, and repeat the takbir statement and a special supplication while leaving.
h) It is recommended to do another circumambulating, which is called the Farewell Circumambulation, when preparing oneself for leaving Makkah. Following this, it is recommended to kiss the Black Stone, praise and thank Almighty Allah, invoke His blessings upon the Holy Prophet and his Household, and say a special supplication.
For acquaintance with the details of all these acts, the reader should refer to books on the rites and laws of Hajj.
The course presented demonstrates the wide scope of the contents of Hajj as viewed by the Ahl al-Bayt (‘a) - a course that cannot be found in any other Muslim school.
The Devotional Acts On The Day Of ‘Arafāt
The Day of ‘Arafat, the ninth of Dhu’l-Hijjah, has a special significance and value in Islam as does the night preceding it, which is a blessed night on which repentance is accepted, supplications responded to, and acts of obedience to Almighty Allah awarded the reward of one hundred and seventy years of worship.
Almighty Allah has called His servants to obey and serve Him on this day, stretching before them the tables of His kindness and magnanimity. On this day too, Satan is more humble, despised, driven away, and angry than any other day. The Day of ‘Afarat is thus a day of supplication and imploration.
It has been narrated that Imam Zayn al-’Abidin (‘a), on the ninth of Dhu’l-Hijjah, heard someone begging people for help. He (‘a) said to him, “Woe is you! Are you begging other than Almighty Allah on such a day while even fetuses in wombs are expected to be included in His mercy on this day and become delighted?”
For this day, there is a wide-ranging course of devotional acts and rites. All these acts and rites are to be practiced during the ritual halting on Mount ‘Arafat during the Hajj season. However, some traditions show them to also be practiced by other people in their own countries, especially those visiting Imam Husayn’s tomb about which a tradition holds that Almighty Allah looks at the visitors of Imam Husayn’s tomb on the ninth of Dhu’l-Hijjah before he looks at the performers of Hajj who are standing on Mount ‘Arafat.
Likewise, Talhah ibn Zayd has reported on the authority of Imam al-Baqir (‘a) on the authority of his father on the authority of Imam ‘Ali (‘a) who said:
لاَ عَرَفَةَ إِلاَّ بِمَكَّةَ، وَلاَ بَأْسَ أَنْ يَجْتَمِعُوا فِي الأَمْصَارِ يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ يَدْعُونَ اللهَ
The Day of ‘Arafat should not be celebrated anywhere save Makkah. It is however not objectionable for the people of a country to gather on this day and supplicate before Almighty Allah.
Rites on the Night before the Day of ‘Arafat
Shaykh al-Qummi has cited a course of the rites on the night preceding the Day of ‘Arafat, which will be cited hereinafter, albeit briefly:
Supplications
It has been reported that whoever says the following supplication on the night preceding the Day of ‘Arafat, as well as on Thursday nights, will have all his/her sins forgiven by Almighty Allah:
اللَّهُمَّ يَا شَاهِدَ كُلِّ نَجْوَى وَمَوْضِعَ كُلِّ شَكْوَى …
O Allah Who witnesses all secrets of hearts, Who is the object of all complaints…
This supplication holds highly regarded contents, including statements praising and thanking Almighty Allah, recollection of His signs, and beseeching Him in the name of these signs to grant requests of this world and the next.
Litanies
Highly recommended is repeating one thousand times the Four Statements of Glorification (al-Tasbihat al-Arba’ah).
Visiting Imam Husayn (‘a)
It is highly advisable to visit the tomb of Imam Husayn (‘a) this night.
Rites on the Day of ‘Arafat
Ritual Bathing
It is recommended to perform ritual bathing at midday.
Visiting Imam Husayn (‘a)
It is highly recommended to visit the tomb of Imam Husayn (‘a) and address him with a special formula of ziyarah.
Prayers
It is recommended to offer a two-unit prayer in each unit of which Surah al-Fatihah is recited once and Surah al-Tawhid repeated fifty times. This prayer, which is offered after the obligatory afternoon prayer and before beginning the supplications of this day, should be offered outdoors.
Fasting
Those who will not faint as a result of uttering many supplications on this day are recommended to fast. Of course, this act does not include those performing the rite of halting on Mount ‘Arafat because travelers are exempted from fasting.
Litanies
Many formulas of litanies are reported for this day. One of these is the litany of praising Almighty Allah, glorifying Him, and professing Him as the One and Only God and as the Greatest of all, using all the expressions mentioned in the Holy Qur'an.
Supplications
Too many are the supplicatory formulas that are reported to be said on the Day of ‘Arafat. However, the most significant, magnificent, and comprehensive of all these is Imam Husayn’s supplication on the Day of ‘Arafat - a marvelous supplicatory formula that he (‘a) recited one day in the midst of a group of people during the last hours of the Day of ‘Arafat. This supplication, which is considered singular in its form and eloquence, includes highly regarded contents.
The supplication of Imam Zayn al-’Abidin (‘a) on this Day is another wonderful formula. This supplication is mentioned in al-Sahifah al-Sajjadiyyah under prayer No.
.
Personal Supplications
On this day, it is highly recommended to pray to Almighty Allah for the good of one’s brothers-in-faith and relatives, especially parents.
Actually, the devotional acts dedicated to this day, cover all the hours of this day.
The Devotional Acts On The First Ten Days Of Dhu’l-Hijjah
For the first ten days of Dhu’l-Hijjah, a set of both particular and general devotional acts are reported. The Holy Prophet (S) is reported to have said that nothing is more desirable to Almighty Allah than practicing acts of worship on these ten stated days. Of course, the tenth day is the Day of ‘«d al-Adhha. The summary of these devotional acts can be presented as follows:
Fasting
It is highly recommended to fast during the first nine
days of Dhu’l-Hijjah, for it is equal in reward to fasting during one’s whole lifetime.
Prayers
Between the obligatory sunset and early night prayers on these days, it is recommended to offer a two-unit prayer in each unit of which Surah al-Fatihah, Surah al-Tawhid, and the following verse(7:142)
are recited once:
ووَاعَدْنَا مُوسَى ثَلَاثِينَ لَيْلَةً وَأَتْمَمْنَاهَا بِعَشْرٍ فَتَمَّ مِيقَاتُ رَبِّهِ أَرْبَعِينَ لَيْلَةً وَقَالَ مُوسَى لِأَخِيهِ هَارُونَ اخْلُفْنِي فِي قَوْمِي وَأَصْلِحْ وَلَا تَتَّبِعْ سَبِيلَ الْمُفْسِدِينَ (142)
We appointed with Moses a time of thirty nights and completed them with ten more, so the appointed time of his Lord was a complete forty nights. Moses said to his brother Aaron: Take my place among my people, act well, and do not follow the way of the mischief-makers. (7:142)
Supplications
On these days, it is recommended to say the special supplication that is reported by Shaykh al-Tusi and Sayyid Ibn Tawus from Imam al-Sadiq (‘a) in addition to other supplications that are reported to have been gifted by Archangel Gabriel to Prophet Jesus, the son of Mary, peace be upon them.
Litanies
A special formula of litany that is reported from Imam ‘Ali (‘a) is recommended to be said on these days.
It is worth mentioning that there are other special acts to be done on the first day of Dhu’l-Hijjah exclusively.
The Devotional Acts On The Tashriq Days
The Tashriq Days
(the 11th, 12th, and 13th of Dhu’l-Hijjah) are the three days that follow ‘«d al-Adhha. There are certain devotional acts that are common to the Day of ‘«d Adhha and the Tashriq Days. The most important of these acts is the rite of stoning the three statutes (jamarah), which is an obligatory rite for the performers of Hajj. Besides, there are other recommended acts to be done on these days:
Offering an Animal in Sacrifice
It is recommended to slaughter an animal in sacrifice on ‘«d al-Adhha although it is also lawful for those who are not participating in the Hajj season to offer such animals on the eleventh and twelfth days, or the thirteenth day at Mina.
Litany
It is recommended to repeat the famous statements of takbir specified for this occasion. These statements are as follows:
اللّهُ اَكْبَرُ ٱللّهُ اَكْبَرُ لاَ إِلٰهَ إِلاَّ ٱللّهُ وَٱللّهُ اَكْبَرُ اللّهُ اَكْبَرُ ٱللّهُ اَكْبَرُ وَلِلّهِ ٱلْحَمْدُ اللّهُ اَكْبَرُ عَلَىٰ مَا هَدَانَا اللّهُ اَكْبَرُ عَلَىٰ مَا رَزَقَنَا مِنْ بَهيمَةِ ٱلاَنْعَامِ وَٱلْحَمْدُ لِلّهِ عَلَىٰ مَا اَبْلاَنَا
Allah is the Greatest. Allah is the Greatest. There is no god save Allah. Allah is the Greatest. Allah is the Greatest. Allah is the Greatest. All praise be to Allah. Allah is the Greatest for He has guided us (to the right path). Allah is the Greatest for He has endued us with the cattle quadrupeds. All praise be to Allah for the graces He has given us.
For those performing the Hajj rites, it is recommended to repeat these statements beginning with the obligatory afternoon prayer on ‘«d al-Adhha up to the thirteenth of Dhu’l-Hijjah after performing the obligatory and supererogatory prayers at Mina.
For those who are in their homelands, it is recommended to repeat these statements until the dawn of the twelfth of Dhu’l-Hijjah.
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Author: Ayatullah Sayyid Muhammad Baqir Al-Hakim
