Chapter: 9 The Corporalists are Set Free. Shias are Under Arrest
Waves of persecution Shias have been suffering since the Prophet's decease up to now are adequately enough to eradicate any nation or sect other than them. Similarly floods of accusation and mass medial campaigns consecrated against Shias are commensurate enough to fade out any nation or sect. Despite the all Shias are still enjoying considerable fitness and wholeness living in good livelihood and increasingly forming about quarter of the Islamic nation.
Their habituating themselves to circumstances of persecution in such a piercing form was the main reason beyond their importunate endurance. They adjusted themselves to receiving accusals. They are the best example of encountering cataclysms of iniquitous accusals and insults by relaxed and calm nerves. "We are the opposition. We do not expect our Islamic history to consent to us." this is the statement usually said by Shias when they are wondered about receiving such accusal and insults. As a matter of fact Shias do recognize history. From historical occurrences such as the attack on house of Fatima daughter of the Prophet who departed the life few hours before and whose body had not been buried yet practiced by the ruling authorities who heaped up firewood around her house and warned that they would set it on fire while Ali Al-Hassan and Al-Hussein besides Fatima herself the Prophet's household had been inside it. Form this occurrence and many others Shias learned that the Islamic history is too intolerant to treat the opposition party fairly or even equitably. In a like manner We the Shias do not expect governments that persecuted chased banished and massacred us to praise or speak fairly about our beliefs. We anticipate they would revile at us and accuse us of every unfitting affair. Moreover we did realize that they would fabricate rumors and vituperation too constructed to be attained by the most proficient specialists in profession of fabrication.
After all these years we do expect our brothers the fair scholars to disinherit those styles of accusation and reviling at the Prophet's progeny and their adherents. We do seek them to acquaint faiths jurisprudence and beliefs of Shias from their own reference books. We do hope that our brothers would shun false information inscribed in reference books of those who persecuted and hated Shias and books of those yesmen who reviled at Shias just because they heard some people revile.
BOOKS OF ISLAMIC SECTS FORGE LIES AGAINST SHIAS AND COVER UP CORPORALISTS
It is quite accurate to describe books dealt with the Islamic sects as 'a group of journalistic politicized and unauthenticated accounts that are similar to a western journalist's report concerning the group of bodies associations and trends in a definite Arabic country who writes down what he hears and some of what he externally sees on bases of his personal backgrounds and aims.'
Al-Ashari's Maqalatul Islamiyin As-Shehristani's Al-Milelu WenNihel Ibn Hazm's Al-Faslu Fil Milel and An-Nubekhti's Al-Farqu Beinel Furaq are examples of such reference books.
We can only cite models of these books so that we may open the door to fortuitous criticism. Authenticity of accrediting these writing works to those scholars should be the foremost matter to be discussed since a number of testimonies suspects for example relating the book of Maqalatul Islamiyin to Abul-Hassan Al-Ashari.
EXAMPLES ON COVERING UP CORPORALISTS IN THESE BOOKS
Maqalatul Islamiyin; Abul-Hassan Al-Ashari part 1 page 211:
Mutazilites contend that prevalence is the meaning of God's settling. Some people claim 'settling' stands for sitting and aptitude.
Those 'some people' are majority of Asharites and Hanbalites. What for then does the writer shun naming them?!
part 1 page 213:
They engaged in discrepancy about seeableness of the Excellent Creator. Some asserted that it is possible to see Allah with eyes in this world and that they might have met…
Those some are the corporalists; the Asharites Hanbalites and Hashawites. What for then does the writer shun naming them?!
part 1 page 211:
People cited different opinions about bearers of the Throne. Some claim their bearing the Creator that when He is irate it becomes heavy for them to carry.
When he becomes pleasant it becomes light. Others claim bearers of the Throne are eight angles. Some said eight species…
Since his likes and he (AhlusSunna) decide authenticity of hadith of ibex and its likes Al-Ashari covers up identity of those who claim such ridiculous statements. He is used to doing so whenever he is unable to impute such rejected sayings to Shias or Mutazilites. He shelters sayers of such statements so that Allah may protect him!!
By the way Hanbalites and Asharites have uttered calamitous sayings about bearers of the Throne. All can be viewed at exegesis of God's saying (The Beneficent settled on the Throne.) They imitated the Jews and the pagans when they claimed that bearers of the divine throne are animals; tame and wild. They rested upon authentic reports. Previously we have provided examples of these opinions.
part 1 page 214:
Some opted for possibility of the Lord's incarnation in corporealities. They used to revere handsome men expecting that their Lord might have incarnated in his corporeality. Majority of those who opt for the Lord's seeableness decide possibility of shaking hands touching and visitating Him the Lord. They added "The sincere servants shall hang their Lord in this world as well as in the Hereafter." Others abstained from claiming God's seeableness in this world… They claimed the Lord's seeableness in the Hereafter.
Those incarnationists who decide possibility of hanging the Lord in the Hereafter are the Hashawites and groups of Hanbalites and Asharites. The abstinent are some of Asharites and few of Hanbalites. Other Muslims do contradict so.
Ashehristani's Al-Milelu Wen-Nihel volume 1 part 1 page 141:
Anthropomorphists related that the Prophet (peace be upon him) had said "My Lord shook hands with me when he met me…He put his hands between my shoulders that I could feel coolness of His forefingers."
This is an indication to the hadith found in reference books of hadiths compiled by Sunnis our brothers. The Hanbalite corporalists Ibn Teimiya and their likes ruled the authenticity of this narrative. Imams of the Prophet's household and their adherents did deny such a false narrative.
Maqalatul Islamiyin; Abul-Hassan Al-Ashari part 1 page 210:
They dispute whether the Lord occupies a definite space or not… Husham Bin Al-Hakam avers that his lord occupies a specific spatial point. He referred to that point which is the Throne. He also asserts that his lord touches the Throne which comprises him alone… Some of false hadithists claim that the
Lord shall sit His Apostle (peace be upon him) next to Him on the Throne. This means that the Throne is not filled up with Him…
Narratives of the Throne's cracking creaking and sundering and the four finger vacant distance of the Throne or the Lord; all these and others are authentically documented and related by Omar the caliph and Abdullah the son as well as many others. Whatever is ascribed by Al-Ashari to Husham the Shiite is faiths of corporalists who are contradictory to the Prophet's household and progeny (peace be upon them). Nowadays corporalists are the Hashawites and Wahabists and those who joined them; the fanatic Asharites and the adorers of Riyal!!
Maqalatul Islamiyin; Abul-Hassan Al-Ashari part 1 page 211:
AhlusSunna and hadithists assert that Allah in not a corporeality and He resembles nothing at all. They also aver that the Lord is settling on the Throne without a certain condition and that He is illumination… He has a face… He has two hands… He shall come on Resurrection Day and descends to the lowest heavens.
As he accredits principals to promoting Allah against unfitting affairs and denying anthropomorphism Al-Ashari refers to Sunnis by their names. But when he mentions their beliefs of corporalism and anthropomorphism he uses some others and the like.
Hanbalite corporalists renounce denying the Lord's corporeity as Bin Baz asserts and reject denial of anthropomorphism as Ibn Teimiya affirms. Meanwhile they claim their being the only AhlusSunna (people of the Prophet's traditions) whose opinions have been already attested by the worthy ancestors!!
ENSAMPLES ON CONFUSION AND FALSE IMPUTATION OF BOOKS OF ISLAMIC SECTS
Ashehristani's Al-Milelu Wen-Nihel volume 1 part 2 page 23:
Mohammed Bin An-Numan vouches for Husham Bin Al-Hakam's claim that Allah does not know a matter before its falling. For him God's adaptation is His will. His will is His deeds. He also claims Allah's being illumination on the form of a human without being a corporeality. But he asserts "Through reports it is related that the Prophet contended Adam's being created on the look of the Lord or as to other narrative the Beneficent. It is necessary to believe so."
Muqatil Bin Suleiman as it is said adopts the same faith. Dawud Al-Jawaribi Nueim Bin Hemmad Al-Misri and many other hadithist claim of Allah's bearing a look and organs…
Ashehristani's Al-Milelu Wen-Nihel volume 1 part 2 page 139:
A group of exaggerative Shias such as Hushamites and Hashawite hadithists such as Kuhmus and Ahmed Al-Hujeimi declare anthropomorphizing the Lord. They claim that their god has a certain look with organs and limbs that are either physical or mental. They also claim their god's moveableness and descending.
As a matter of fact Muqatil Bin Suleiman is Nasibite notorious foe of the Prophet's household and their followers. He was died in 150 A. H.
In his Al-Mujruhin part 3 page 14 Ibn Hebban records:
Muqatil Bin Suleiman Al-Khurasani. The bondservant of the Azds… He was wont to receive instructions of Jews and Christians regarding knowledge of the Holy Quran. He was anthropomorphist. He anthropomorphizes the Lord to His creatures. Moreover he forges lies against hadiths.
Though Muqatil is a nefarious corporalist the author of Al-Milelu Wen-Nihel imputes corporalism to this man indirectly. On the other side he imputes it to a group of Shias so directly and positively.
Mohammed Bin An-Numan to whom corporalism is imputed is the master scholar and juriscounsult of Shias whom is called Sheik Al-Mufid. He is one of descendants of Saeed Bin Jubeir and the teacher of Sharif Al-Murteda and Sharif ArRedi. His death was on 413 A.H.
Despite the fact that written works of Sheik Al-Mufid especially in fields of beliefs jurisprudence and history are too abundant and famous to be disregarded author of Al-Milelu Wen-Nihel could not refer to any text since all these books did not comprise a single letter of what he claimed.
Husham Bin Al-Hakam was one of disciples of Imam AsSadiq (peace be upon him). He was such a skillful eloquent and expert arguer in fields of monotheism prophecy and Shism that reference books of Shias as well as others refer respectfully to narratives of his discussions and argumentation. In the year 200 Husham was dead. Opposing anthropomorphists and corporalists is a doubtless matter for Shism. It is said that Al-Jahiz was the originator of the false claim of Husham's opting for corporalism.
Disreputable confusion of author of Al-Milelu Wen-Nihel is so evident. In addition to lack of documentation the author reckoned Kuhmus and Al-Juheimi with Shias! He confused Shias with their direct opponents and made them rest upon beliefs of their foes! He alleges that Shias admit hadith of 'creating Adam on look of Allah'! While Imams of Shias (peace be upon them) warn their followers against such hadiths and clarified their distortion the author of Al-Milelu Wen-Nihel impute corporalism to Shias because they as he misalleges decide authenticity of the forecited hadith of the 'look'!!
DIVIDING SHIAS INTO FICTITIOUS GROUPS
Maqalatul Islamiyin; Abul-Hassan Al-Ashari part 1 page 31:
Rafidites followers of imamate disputed in their opinions of corporalism. They are six parties. Hushamites claim that their god is a corporeality that is a shining illumination. They also state that their god has been being when there was no space. Spaces were originated owing to his moving.
We have neither seen such Shias nor did we hear of them in a reliable book all over history!! Writers of books of Islamic sects in fact level disastrous charges against Shias without referring to any documentation or reference.
part 1 page 31:
The second party of Rafidites claim their god's being neither an aspect nor resemblant to corporealities. Depending on their claim of their god's being a corporeality they prove his existence. They also do not substantiate that the Creator is compound of parts and fractions.
There is one faith only adopted by Shias since time of Ali (peace be upon him) up to now. We do never claim God's being a corporeality. We assert that He the Exalted is a thing unlike other things. By averring so we are free from the two edges; edge of Tatilism and that of anthropomorphism. For Shias it is erroneous to express that Allah is a corporeality unlike other corporealities. Only meaning of this statement should be correct when the sayer intends to say that the Lord is an unparalleled thing.
part 1 page 31:
The third party of Rafidites are those who claim their god's having a human's look. They reject regarding him as a corporeality. The fourth party are Hushamites who claim their god's having a human's look. They deny his being constituent of flesh and blood but they decide him as a shining illumination. They assign senses to him.
We have neither seen nor heard or read in a reliable reference book of existence of such parties among Shias. Likewise there is no single authentic reference book reveals existence of such individuals. These rumors are nothing but falsities of books of Islamic sects forged by the authors or by the agents of the ruling authorities who ascribed such writings to such authors dishonestly.
part 1 page 31:
The fifth party are those who claim their god's being pure light and sheer illumination. They contradicted the god's having a human's look.
We have neither seen nor heard or read in a reliable reference book of existence of such parties among Shias if the ordinary illumination and light is intended. But if the light of the heavens and the earth that is unexampled is
intended the holy Quran proves so obviously and the entire Muslims believe of its existence.
part 1 page 31:
The sixth party are those who deny their god's being a corporeality an aspect or a thing that has resemblant. They adopted the same ideas of Mutazilites and Kharijites.
This statement is not different from that cited for the second party according to his division. It seems that authors of books of Islamic sects are similar to correspondents who are fond of prolonging their reports by repeating their words or (adding illusory groups and parties.)
Everybody confesses that Shism preceded Kharijites and Mutazilites; how is it then practicable for a foremost sect to cull faiths of a following one?
Maqalatul Islamiyin; Abul-Hassan Al-Ashari part 1 page 35:
Rafidites divided into two groups in respect with question of bearers of the Throne. Yunisites followers of Younus Bin Abdirrahman Al-Qummi the servant of Al-Yaqtin claim that bearers of the Throne do carry the Creator. Another party claim that those bearers carry the Throne since it is impracticable for Allah to be carried.
Correspondingly Bin Baz who asserts that bearers of the Throne do carry Entity of Allah the Exalted should answer us clearly whether he has been Shiite since he carries the same (misalleged) faiths!
part 1 page 59:
Rafidites disagree with each other in the topic of the Lord's corporeality. Some declare that meaning of the tall spacious and deep corporeality of the Lord is His existence. As long as the Creator is being an existent thing He should be corporeality. Others say that the Creator is not a corporeality since corporealities are composite beings.
Al-Miqrizi's Al-Mawaidu Wel Hikem part 2 page 348
Jawlaqites are followers of Husham Bin Salim Al-Jawlaqi. They are Rafidites as well. One of the ugliest claims of that man is his saying that Allah the Exalted is having a look of humans and that His upper part is hollow while the lower is full.
It is quite clear for inspectors of reference books of Shias that such parties and sayings are thoroughly nonexistent in Shiite heritage. They are sayings of their opposers. Similarly the Prophet's household and scholars of this sect had led a sweeping campaign against corporalism and anthropomorphism. Antagonists accused the Prophet's progeny and their adherents of opinions and deeds they themselves had perpetrated. Opinions of corporalism were dominantly
widespreading among Nasibites; the direct enemies of the Prophet's household (peace be upon them). Fair researchers can assuredly aver that corporalism exists wherever there is a Nasibite. However there are always those against the rule. By the same token Promoting the Lord against unbecoming affairs exists wherever there is an adherent to the Prophet's household.
In brief words there are two eminent problems that are unanswerable by authors of books dealing with the Islamic sects and parties. First those authors did not refer to reference books form which they quoted these beliefs sayings and names. Second they rested upon policy of censuring the opposition parties when they falsely ascribed the strange and unceremonious beliefs to them by citing fabricated names. On the other hand they covered up names of the real sayers and embracers of such beliefs as they were loyal to the ruling authorities or masters of their sects. These problems are enough to disregard such reference books. THE WESTERN IMITATED BOOKS OF ISLAMIC SECT. PROFESSORS IMITATED THEM.
Dr. Hassan Ibrahim's TarikhulIslam part 2 page 158:
Shias withdrew into three parties; the exaggerative Rafidite and Zaidite. The exaggerative Shias are those who overestimate Ali… Rafidite Shias are those who claim Allah's having an altitude and a look and being a corporeality with organs.
Dr. Hassan Ibrahim's TarikhulIslam part 2 page 424:
Rafidites claim Allah's having an altitude and a look and being a corporeality with organs. Husham Bin Al-Hakam Husham Bin Salim and Shaitanuttaq are Rafidites.
Dr. Hassan Ibrahim's Tarikhul-Islam part 2 page 422:
The Shiite scholars especially specialists of monotheism could employ beliefs of Mutazilites as pillars for their private beliefs and sects. This is evidenced by the matter that Shias claim their being people of justice which is the very name adopted by Mutazilites.
This historian forgot the fact that Shism emerged a century before Mutazilism and that they preceded them in taking in faiths of promoting the Lord against unfitting affairs the free will and the intellectual characterization. As a matter of fact Mutazilites did quote their faiths from Shias.
Al-FAKHR AR-RAZI REFUTES CLAIMS IN BOOKS OF ISLAMIC SECTS
Al-Metalibul Aliya volume 1 part 1 page 10:
Philosophers affirm existence of beings that are spaceless and occupying no location such as brains souls and prime matters. Majority of supreme Muslim
scholars such as Muammar Bin Ebbad the Mutazilite and Mohammed Bin An-Numan the Rafidite take in this faith.
How is it then rightful for authors of books of Islamic sects the western and Wahabists to impute anthropomorphism and corporalism to Mohammed Bin An-Numan who refutes the material placement of some creatures even? How should he then admit this placement for the Lord the Creator?
SHEIK Al-GHEZZALI ANALYZES THEIR MOTIVES OF FABRICATION
Al-Ghezzali's Difaun Enil Aqideti Wesharia page 253:
Such fabricators publicize that Shias are followers of Ali while Sunnis are followers of Mohammed. They misallege that Shias believe in Ali's being more meritorious in the Divine Envoy but he missed it due to a mistake occurred by the conveyer. This is indeed an offensive nonsense and scandalous forgery. As a matter of fact those who aim at engaging this nation in discrepancies are hostile factions. As they lacked reasonable incentives they originated objectives of discrepancy for achieving their goals. They were the predominant in field of falsity and fabrication since they lacked any position in that of honesty.
I could not find a ground on which opponents of Shism depended in broadcasting such an accusal all over the Islamic regions. Finally I had to submit to the matter that they might have misinterpreted the postprayer triple statement of 'Allahu Akbar' Allah is the greatest out of their desires. Shias believe that the best worshipping and supplication after ritual prayers are the triple statement of 'Allahu Akbar' followed by a definite rite the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) had passed to Fatima Az-Zahra (peace be upon her). Usually ordinary Shias perform these rites without raising their hands to levels of their faces as it is required; therefore it seems for the ignorant of such rites if they are striking on their knees or thighs as a sign of showing sorrow for a definite concern. Intelligence as well as godfearing of opponents of Shism attained its climax when they could find a (persuasive) interpretation of this rite. They averred that Shias show their grief because prophecy had not been given to Ali!! Hence they say "The Honest betrayed"!!!
They aver such a forgery and insist on it while they do realize that Shias are the best sect in glorifying the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family). Shias believe of the Prophet's being seal of prophets. They also believe that Gabriel the angel is sinless. Shias narrate that Ali (peace be upon him) addressed at a man who praised him exaggeratively "Woe is you! I am only a slave among Mohammed's slaves." He also said "Whenever wars were at their most vigorous hours we were wont to seek the Prophet's protection."
JURISCOUNSULT OF Al-AZHAR REFUTES THEM ACCEPTABLY
A verdict issued on 17 / Rabi 1378 Office of Juriscounsult of Al-Azhar Mahmud Sheltut:
Q. Some people believe that it is obligatory to rest upon one of the four Islamic sect so that ritual and transactional deeds would be legal. Sects of Imamite and Zaidite Shism are not included within these four sects. Do your excellence admit this idea and decide illegality of resting upon rulings of the Imamite Ithnasharite Shism?
A. First Islam do not impose following a certain sect. We do decide that initially Muslims have the right to refer to any of the sects the rulings of which are authentically recounted and recorded in identified books. Besides it is rightful and not illicit for every Muslim individual to shift to any other sect.
Second like any other Islamic sect it is authoritatively lawful to refer to sect of Jafarism that is familiarly known as the Imamite Ithnasharite Shism in practicing worshipping rites and transactions. Muslims ought to have full acquaintance of such a matter. They are also advised to strip the unrightful fanaticism to certain sects. Religion and decree of Allah the Exalted have never been consecrated or dedicated to a certain sect. The entire scholars are admissible elicitors that are accepted by the Lord. It is licit for the unauthorized to rest upon verdicts rulings and jurisprudence of the admissible eliciting scholars whether in ritual or transactional affairs.
ASSUYOUTI REFUTES THEM ACCEPTABLY
AdDurrul Manthour part 6 page 379:
Exegesis Of God's Saying (Those Who Believe And Do Good Surely They Are The Best Of Men. 98:7)
Ibn Asakr: Jabir Bin Abdillah:
The Prophet (peace be upon him) came towards us stating "I swear by the Prevailing of my soul surely this man (Ali) and his adherents (Shia) shall be triumphing on Resurrection Day." Immediately the Verse (Those who believe and do good surely they are the best of men.) was revealed. "Here comes the best of men." the Prophet's companions used to address at Ali.
Ibn Edi and Ibn Asakir relates the following hadith to Abu Sa'eed: "Ali is the best of men."
Ibn Edi: Ibn Abbas: When God revealed the Verse (Those who believe and do good surely they are the best of men.) the Prophet addressed at Ali "It is your adherents and you who shall be pleased and satisfied on Resurrection Day."
Ibn Merdawayih: Ali: The Prophet (peace be upon him) addressed at me "Have you not heard God's saying (Those who believe and do good surely they are
the best of men.)? They are your adherents and you. My meeting with you all shall be on the divine pool when nations shall be come forth for judgment. You shall be called 'the bright faced the shining.'"
We lack enough space to discuss documentation of such hadiths. It is sufficient to hint at the fact that hadithists affirm that no individual attained forms of praise addressed by the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) at Ali (peace be upon him). AnNisai's Khassaisu Ali Bin Abi Talib is quite abundant in this regard.
One of the wonders of history is that no single individual among companions of the Prophet suffered ten percent of the endeavors of screening standings and merits Ali (peace be upon him) had suffered on the hands of the Nasibite state and its officials who issued the decision of imposing cursing and reviling at Ali during Friday prayers all over the Islamic state for about seven decades. Nevertheless such considerable hadiths relating merits of Ali and his adherents could endure in reference books of Sunnis our brothers.
Quite truthful was that who said "What can I say about a man whose opponents hid his merits for their enviously and adherents hid them for their cautiously. Between these two merits too abundant to be endured by hearts emerged." Another veracious individual said "We do not know what to do with Ali Bin Abi Talib. We will miss our mundane affairs if we cherish him. And we will miss the Paradisiacal affairs if we hate him."
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Author: Ali Al-Kurani Al-Amili
