Alhassanain(p) Network for Heritage and Islamic Thought

Endnotes

Introduction

[1] Qur'an, 7:31.

[2] Asna al-Matalib fee Najat Abi Talib, p. 25.

[3] “The Muhajireen” were the first Muslims who emigrated from Mecca to Medina and “the Ansar” were the people of Medina who believed in the Prophet (a.s.) and protected and supported him and his followers.

[4] The Revolution of Islam and the Hero of the Prophets, p. 76.

[5] Isnad: chain of authorities which is an essential part in the transmission of a tradition.

Mecca the honored town

[1] Qur'an, 6:92.

[2] The Encyclopedia of the Sacred Places; Mecca, vol. 1 p.11.

[3] Qur'an, 42:7.

[4] Qur'an, 95:1-3.

[5] The Encyclopedia of the Sacred Places; Mecca, vol. 1 p. 11.

[6] Qur'an, 3:96.

[7] Masalik al-Absar, vol. 1 p. 94.

[8] Qur'an, 3:96.

[9] Qur'an, 2:125.

[10] Qur'an, 2:126.

[11] Qur'an, 3:97.

[12] The Encyclopedia of the Twentieth Century, second edition, vol. 9 p. 327.

[13] Mu’jam al-Buldan, vol. 5 p. 183.

[14] Akhbar (the news of) Mecca by Abul Waleed al-Azraqi, vol. 2 p. 155.

[15] Buloogh al-Irab, vol. 2 p.272, the Encyclopedia of the Sacred Places; Holy Mecca, vol. 1 p.42.

[16] Al-Kamil fit-Tareekh, vol. 2 p. 42.

[17] Hubal was one of the most important idols of Quraysh.

[18] Al-Aghani, vol. 8 p.68, al-Asnam (idols) by ibn al-Kalbi, p.35, as-Seera an-Nabawiyya by ibn Hisham, vol. 1 p.88

[19] Shawahid al-Mughni by as-Sayyouti, p.109.

[20] Al-Asnam, p. 37.

[21] Kamaluddeen, p. 104.

[22] Sifat as-Safwah, vol. 1 p. 163, Musnad of Ahmad bin Hanbal, vol. 1 p.84.

[23] Mustadrak al-Hakim, vol. 2 p. 366.

[24] Qur'an, 17: 81.

[25] Encyclopedia of Imam Ameerul Mo'minin Ali bin Abi Talib, vol. 1 p. 60.

[26] Encyclopedia of the Sacred Places; Holy Mecca, vol. 2 p. 192.

[27] Ibid., p. 190.

[28] The progeny of Imam Ali bin Abi Talib (a.s.).

[29] Bani or Banu means “the tribe or family of”.

Great personalities and glories

[1] As-Seera an-Nabawiyya wel Aathar al-Muhammadiyya, vol. 1 p. 7.

[2] Adnan was the father of the Prophet’s tribe and Hashim was the grandfather of his (the Prophet) family.

[3] In Arabic “hashim” is derived from “hashama” that means “to break into crumbs”, and thus “hashim” means ‘one who crumbles or breaks into crumbs’.

[4] As-Seera an-Nabawiyya wel Aathar al-Muhammadiyya, vol. 1 p. 11.

[5] Encyclopedia of Imam Ameerul Mo'minin Ali bin Abi Talib, vol. 1 p. 23.

[6] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 77 p.56.

[7] Bihar al-Anwar., vol. 1 p.4.

[8] Ibid., vol. 15 p.121.

[9] The Revolution of Islam, p.256.

[10] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 1 p. 148-150.

[11] Mu’jam al-Buldan, vol. 5 p. 149.

[12] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 1 p. 162.

[13] Safa and Marwa are two mountains in Mecca near the Kaaba.

[14] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 1 p. 163.

[15] Al-Imta’ wel Mu’anasah, vol. 2 p. 81.

Fatherhood, motherhood, and a shine

[1] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by Dahlan, vol. 1 p.30.

[2] The Prophet to be my son.

[3] The Life of Muhammad (a.s.), by Muhammad Hasanayn Haykal, p. 106.

[4] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah, by Dahlan, vol. 1 p. 28.

[5] A’lam an-Nisa’, vol. 1 p. 18.

[6] Hayat ar-Rasool al-Mustafa (the life of the messenger), vol. 1 p. 100.

[7] The life of Muhammad, by Abdul Haleem, p. 476.

[8] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 1 p.158.

[9] The Life of Muhammad, by Haykal, p.70.

[10] Kashful Ghummah fee Ma’rifat al-A’immah, vol. 1 p.14.

[11] The margins of as-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 1 p. 167.

[12] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 1 p. 160.

[13] Ibid, vol. 1 p. 210.

[14] Rabee’ul Abrar, vol. 2 p. 339.

[15] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 1 p. 159.

[16] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by Zayni Dahlan, vol.1 p. 30.

[17] As-Seerah al-Halabiyyah, vol. 1 p. 97.

[18] At-Tabaqat al-Kubra by ibn Sa’d, vol. 1 p. 8.

[19] Sa’d in Arabic means “good luck” and Haleemah means “a patient and discerning woman”.

[20] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 1 p. 167. It is mentioned in As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by Zayni Dahlan in another way.

[21] Qur'an, 93:7.

[22] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by Zayni Dahlan, vol. 1 p. 38.

[23] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by Zayni Dahlan, vol. 1 p. 39.

[24] The Life of Muhammad, by Haykal, p.72, and others.

[25] Dala’il an-Nubuwwah (signs of prophethood), vol. 1 p. 90.

[26] A place between Mecca and Medina.

[27] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 1 p. 177, As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by Zayni Dahlan, vol. 1 p. 30.

[28] Sahifat ar-Redha, p.38.

[29] Qur'an, 9:113.

[30] Al-Muntadham, vol. 3 p. 250, 251.

[31] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 1 p.169.

[32] Manaqib Abi Talib, vol. 1 p. 36.

[33] Ibid.

[34] Ibid., p. 62.

[35] Sharh Nahjol Balagha by Ibn Abil Hadeed, vol. 1 p. 14.

[36] Ibid.

[37] A’laam an-Nisa’, vol. 3 p. 113.

[38] Usd al-Ghabah, vol. 5 p. 515, Ma’rifat as-Sahabah, vol. 1 p. 279, al-Istee’ab (printed on the margins of al-Isabah), vol. 4 p. 269.

[39] Nowadays Damascus, but then, Sham encompassed the present Syria, Jordan, Lebanon and Palestine.

[40] The priest asked by al-Lat and al-Uzza (two idols worshipped by Quraysh) as a matter of conformity with the people of Quraysh who worshipped idols.

[41] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 1 p. 181, 182.

[42] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 1, p. 184.

[43] The life of Muhammad, by Haykal, p. 116, the History of Islam by ath-Thahabi, vol. 1 p. 54, as-Seerah al-Halabiyyah, vol. 1 p. 54.

[44] Work and the Rights of Worker in Islam, by Baqir Shareef al-Qurashi.

[45] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by Zayni Dahlan, vol. 1 p. 54.

[46] At-Tabaqat al-Kubra by ibn Sa’d, vol. 1 p. 82, part one.

[47] At-Tathkirah al-Hamduniyyah, vol. 6 p. 253, I’jaz al-Qur'an by al-Baqillani, p. 234, Jamharat Khutab al-Arab, vol. 1 p. 77, Subhul A’sha, vol. 1 p. 213.

[48] Encyclopedia of Imam Ameerul Mo'minin Ali bin Abi Talib (a.s.) by Baqir al-Qurashi, vol. 1 p. 49.

His characteristics

[1] Qur'an, 68:4.

[2] As-Sunan al-Kubra, vol. 10 p. 192, Itthaf as-Sadeh al-Muttaqin, vol. 6 p. 17, Kashful Ghumma, vol. 1 p. 244.

[3] Sahih of at-Tarmithi, vol. 2 p. 255, Usool al-Kafi, vol. 2 p. 190.

[4] Tareekh Baghdad, vol. 6 p. 220.

[5] Rawdhat al-Kafi, p. 268, Mushkil al-Aathar, vol. 4 p. 299.

[6] Makarim al-Akhlaq, p. 15.

[7] Tafsir ar-Razi, vol. 15 p. 82 when interpreting this verse (And most surely you are with sublime morality) 68:4.

[8] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 16 p. 237.

[9] Dala’il an-Nubuwwah (proofs of prophethood) by Ibn Na’eem, p. 134.

[10] Sahih of Muslim, vol. 7 p. 20, al-Mu’jam al-Kabeer, vol. 11 p. 189.

[11] Sharh ash-Shifa’, vol. 1 p. 226, Manahil as-Safa, p. 17.

[12] Sa’ is a measure of capacity which is about three kilograms.

[13] As-Sunan al-Kubra by al-Bayhaqi, vol. 9 p. 118.

[14] Majma’ az-Zawa’id, vol. 6 p. 166, Sharh ash-Shifa’, vol. 1 p. 29, Manahil as-Safa, p. 18, Sharh Ma’ani al-Aathar, vol. 13 p. 32.

[15] As-Sunan al-Kubra, vol. 9 p. 118.

[16] Jawahir al-Bihar fee Fadha’il al-Mukhtar, vol. 1 p. 41.

[17] Ibid.

[18] Ibid.

[19] Muhammad the Perfect Example, p. 26.

[20] Ibid, p. 25.

[21] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 16 p. 430.

[22] Ibid.

[23] Sahih of at-Termithi, vol. 2 p. 286.

[24] Kanzol Ummal, vol. 8 p. 407, al-Kamil fee adh-Dhu’afa’, vol. 1 p. 255.

[25] Jawahir al-Bihar fee Fadha'il al-Mukhtar, vol. 1 p. 50.

[26] Fat~hul Bari, vol. 8 p. 533, ad-Durr al-Manthur, vol. 1 p. 116, Sahih of al-Bukhari, vol. 4 p. 204.

[27] Sharh as-Sunna, vol. 7 p. 130.

[28] Sharh as-Sunna, vol. 7 p. 130.

[29] His father Hatim at-Ta’iy was famous for his unequalled liberality.

[30] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 4 p. 227, As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Katheer, vol. 4 p. 125, 126.

[31] Akhlaq an-Nubuwwah (moralities of prophethood), p. 286.

[32] Uyun al-Athar, vol. 2 p. 428.

[33] Musnad of Ahmed bin Hanbal, vol. 2 p. 446, Sunan of ibn Majah, vol. 2 p. 539, Fat~h al-Bari, vol. 11 p. 16.

[34] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 16 p. 456.

[35] Rawdhat al-Kafi, p. 163.

[36] Ibid.

[37] Musnad of Ahmed bin Hanbal, vol. 8 p. 350.

[38] Qur'an, 20:1-2.

[39] Al-Muwatta’, vol. 1 p. 13, Sharh as-Sunna, vol. 2 p. 59.

[40] Sunna ibn Majah, vol. 1 p. 216, Sunan Abu Dawud, vol. 1 p. 108.

[41] Sahih of Muslim, vol. 3 p. 129.

[42] Sahih of Muslim, vol. 2 p. 3.

[43] Kitab as-Salat (the book of prayer) by Ahmed bin Hanbal, p. 14, Sunan ibn Majeh, vol. 1 p. 259, trad. No. 791.

[44] Kitab as-Salat by Ahmed bin Hanbal, p. 14.

[45] Sahih of al-Bukhari, vol. 4 p. 1830, trad. no. 4557, Kitab at-tafsir in interpreting the verse 2 in the Sura 48.

[46] Sahih of at-Termithi, vol. 2 p. 152.

[47] Qur'an, 73:1-2.

[48] Kanzol Ummal, vol. 1 p. 273.

[49] Rawdhat al-Kafi, vol. 2 p. 489, Sahih of Abu Dawud, vol. 2 p. 91.

[50] Encyclopedia of Imam Ameerul Mo'minin Ali bin Abi Talib (a.s.), vol. 1 p. 97.

[51] Faydh al-Qadeer, vol. 5 p. 159.

[52] Tareekh al-Islam (the history of Islam), As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ath-Thahabi, p. 455.

[53] Sunan ibn Majeh, vol. 2 p. 1347, Kanzol Ummal, vol. 3 p. 119.

[54] Ma’ani al-Akhbar, p. 410, Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 71 p. 335.

[55] Usool al-Kafi, vol. 2 p. 489.

[56] Ibid., p.506.

[57] Ibid., p. 504.

[58] Usool al-Kafi, vol. 2, p. 505.

[59] Qur'an, 4:41.

[60] Musnad of Ahmed bin Hanbal, vol. 1 p. 374.

[61] He might be Abdullah bin Mas’ud. (the translator)

[62] Musnad of Ahmed bin Hanbal, vol. 1 p. 380.

[63] Qur'an, 9:128.

[64] Sharh as-Sunna, vol. 13 p. 214, ash-Shafa, vol. 1 p. 255, Tafsir ibn Katheer, vol. 3 p. 259.

[65] Qur'an, 21:107.

[66] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 66 p. 426.

[67] Sahih of Muslim, Kitab al-Fadha’il, vol. 7 p. 76, Musnad of Ahmed bin Hanbal, vol. 6 p. 163.

[68] Al-Adab al-Mufrad by al-Bukhari, p. 232, Mustadrak al-Hakim, vol. 4 p. 175.

[69] Al-Amali by ash-Shajari, vol. 2 p. 152, It~haf as-Sadah al-Muttaqin, vol. 6 p. 235.

[70] Abu Lahab was the Prophet’s uncle, but he harmed the Prophet (a.s.) too much until Allah cursed him in the Qur'an.

[71] Jawahir al-Bihar fee Fadha’il an-Nabiy al-Mukhtar, vol. 1 p. 48.

[72] Ibid.

[73] An-Najashi was the King of Abyssinia who had received and protected the first Muslim emigrants who had fled from the persecution of Quraysh.

[74] Dala’il an-Nubuwwah by as-Sayooti, vol. 2 p. 307, It~haf as-Sadah al-Muttaqin, vol. 7 p. 103.

[75] Jawahir al-Bihar, vol. 1 p. 43, and somehow like that in Kashful Ghummah, vol. 1 p. 9.

[76] Fat~hul Bari, vol. 8 p. 28, Sahih of al-Bukhari, vol. 4 p. 37, Musnad Abi Ouanah, vol. 4 p. 276, Sunan Abi Dawud, vol. 3 p. 50.

[77] Tareekh at-Tabari, vol. 2 p. 67, ath-Thiqat by ibn Habban, vol. 1 p. 229.

[78] Mustadrak al-Hakim, vol. 2 p. 56.

[79] Sahih of at-Termithi, vol. 2 p. 56.

[80] Tareekh Baghdad, vol. 12 p. 91.

[81] Sahih of Abu Dawud, vol. 2 p. 224.

[82] Qur'an, 73:10.

[83] Qur'an, 31:17.

[84] Ash-Shafa, vol. 1 p. 223.

[85] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 16 p. 433.

[86] Furoo’ al-Kafi, vol. 2 p. 263.

[87] Nathr ad-Durr, vol. 2 p. 133, al-Mustadraf, vol. 2 p. 263.

[88] Qur'an, 56:36-37.

[89] Muhadharat ar-Raghib, vol. 1 p. 282.

[90] Nathr ad-Durr, vol. 2 p. 132, at-Tathkirah al-Hamduniyyah, vol. 9 p. 362.

[91] Nathr ad-Durr, vol. 2 p. 132, at-Tathkirah al-Hamduniyyah, vol. 9 p. 363.

[92] Muhadharat ar-Raghib, vol. 1 p. 282, Nihayatul Irab, vol. 4 p. 3.

[93] Ihya’ul Uloom, vol. 2 p. 367.

[94] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 1 p. 176. At-Tabarani mentioned the tradition in this way, “I am the most eloquent one of the Arabs; I was born in Quraysh and I grew up in Bani Sa’d, so how could solecism come to me?!”

[95] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 6 p. 230.

In the cave of Hara’

[1] Hara’ is a mountain near Mecca.

[2] Qur'an, 26:3.

[3] Iqra’ means ‘read’ in imperative form.

[4] Qur'an, 96:1-5.

[5] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 1 p. 154.

[6] The Prophet’s surname.

[7] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 1 p. 254.

[8] Qur'an, 74:1-7.

[9] Sahih of at-Termithi, vol. 2 p. 301, at-Tabaqat al-Kubra by ibn Sa’d, vol. 3 p. 12, Usd al-Ghabah, vol. 4 p. 17, Kanzol Ummal, vol. 6 p. 400, Tareekh at-Tabari, vol. 2 p. 55, Tareekh Baghdad, vol. 2 p. 18, and others.

[10] Encyclopedia of Imam Ameerul Mo'minin Ali bin Abi Talib by Baqir Shareef al-Qurashi, vol. 1 p. 54.

[11] Sahih of at-Termithi, vol. 2 p. 301, Kanzol Ummal, vol. 6 p. 400, Tareekh at-Tabari, vol. 2 p. 55.

[12] Tahthib al-Kamal, vol. 20 p. 185. It is mentioned that “the Prophet became a prophet on Monday and offered the prayer in the Kaaba on Tuesday”.

[13] Khasa’is an-Nassa’iy, p. 3, Musnad of Ahmed bin Hanbal, vol. 1 p. 309, at-Tabaqat al-Kubra by ibn Sa’d, vol. 8 p. 10.

[14] Majma’ az-Zawa’id, vol. 9 p. 222, Kanzol Ummal, vol. 7 p. 56.

[15] Qur'an, 109:1-6 (the Sura of al-Kafirun).

[16] Rabee’ul Abrar, vol. 2 p. 192.

Publicity of the mission

[1] Qur'an, 26:214.

[2] Tareekh at-Tabari, vol. 2 p. 63, Tareekh ibn al-Atheer, vol. 2 p. 24, Musnad of Ahmed bin Hanbal, vol. 1 p. 159, As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Katheer, vol. 1 p. 457-459. It is odd that ibn Katheer mentioned the event but he distorted some information in it. Please, refer to his Tafsir.

[3] Abu Kabsha is said to be the husband of Halimah, the Prophet’s wet-nurse.

[4] Qur'an, 15:95.

[5] Qur'an, 17:46.

[6] Sahih of Muslim, vol. 5 p. 180, Sahih of al-Bukhari, vol. 1 p. 65.

[7] Tareekh al-Islam, As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ath-Thahabi, p. 151.

[8] Qur'an, 96:9-…

[9] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 18 p. 46, Dala’il an-Nubuwwah by al-Bayhaqi, vol. 1 p. 438, Musnad of Ahmed bin Hanbal, vol. 2 p. 270, Tareekh al-Islam, As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ath-Thahabi, p. 151.

[10] Qur'an, 11:1-5.

[11] Tareekh al-Islam, As-Seerah an-Nabawiyyah by ath-Thahabi, p. 151.

[12] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Katheer, vol. 1 p. 470.

[13] Qur'an, 104:1-…

[14] Dala’il an-Nubuwwah by al-Bayhaqi, vol. 2 p. 335, and other sources.

[15] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 2 p. 26-28.

[16] Al-Bidayeh wen-Nihayeh, vol. 8 p. 76.

[17] Rabee’ul Abrar, vol. 2 p. 198.

[18] Qur'an, 83:29-32.

[19] Kanzol Ummal, vol. 6 p. 85, Majma’ az-Zawa’id, vol. 9 p. 293.

[20] Qur'an, 16:106. Al-Qurtubi in his Tafsir, vol. 1 p. 239, and Ibn Sa’d in his Tabaqat, vol. 1 p. 178, mentioned that it was revealed about Ammar.

[21] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Katheer, vol. 1 p. 494.

[22] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 1 p. 320.

[23] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 1 p. 320.

[24] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Katheer, vol. 1 p. 496.

[25] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Katheer, vol. 1 p. 488, 491.

[26] Al-Isaba, vol. 4 p. 116, Usdul Ghaba, vol. 6 p. 287.

[27] Al-Isabah, vol. 4 p. 116, Usd al-Ghabah, vol. 6 p. 287.

[28] Sharh Nahjol Balaghah, vol. 3 p. 272, al-Ghadir, vol. 7 p. 356.

[29] Al-Islamiyyat, vol. 7 p. 335.

[30] Majma’ al-Bayan, vol. 7 p. 37.

[31] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 1 p. 311.

[32] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 1 p. 357.

[33] Qur'an, 19:29-33.

[34] Imta’ al-Asma’, vol. 4 p. 106, Musnad of Ahmed bin Hanbal, vol. 1 p. 461.

[35] The Life of Muhammad by Muhammad Hasanayn Haykal, p. 155.

[36] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 1 p. 367-370.

[37] Qur'an, the Sura of Fussilat (41:1-5).

[38] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 1 p. 293, 294, Kanzol Ummal, vol. 6 p. 289.

[39] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 1 p. 375.

[40] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 2 p. 16-17.

[41] Asnal Matalib fee Najat Abi Talib, p. 25.

[42] Fat~h al-Bari, vol. 3 p. 695.

[43] Hayat ar-Rasool al-Mustafa, vol. 1 p. 236.

[44] Nihayatol Irab, vol. 12 p. 204.

[45] Al-Kamil fee at-Tareekh, vol. 2 p. 61.

[46] A descendent of Prophet Ishmael (a.s.).

[47] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 2 p. 66, as-Seera al-Halabiyyah, vol. 2 p. 3.

[48] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by Zayni Dahlan, vol. 1 p. 141.

[49] Ibid., p. 142.

[50] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by Zayni Dahlan, vol. 1 p. 147.

[51] Qur'an, 17:1.

[52] Nihayat al-Irab, vol. 16 p. 293.

[54] Fiqh as-Seera, p. 145.

[55] At-Tabaqat al-Kubra, vol. 1 p. 214.

[56] Tafsir of Rooh al-Ma’ani, vol. 15 p. 6.

[57] Hayat ar-Rasool al-Mustafa, vol. 1 p. 232.

[58] Nihayat al-Irab, vol. 16 p. 293.

[59] Seerat ar-Rasool, p. 101.

[60] Hayat ar-Rasool, vol. 1 p. 232.

[61] Ibid.

[62] Ibid., p. 233.

[63] Hayat Muhammad, by Muhammad Hasanayn Haykal, p. 189.

[64] Sahih of al-Bukhari, vol. 1 p. 97.

[65] Sahih of Muslim, vol. 1 p. 104, As-Seera al-Halabiyyah, vol. 1 p. 146, As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 2 p. 48-49, Safeenat al-Bihar, vol. 1 p. 174.

[66] Safeenat al-Bihar, vol. 1 p. 176.

[67] Safeenat al-Bihar, vol. 1 p. 176.

[68] Amali of as-Saduq, p. 286.

[69] Encyclopedia of the Twentieth Century, vol. 6 p. 316, 317.

[70] Majma’ al-Bayan, vol. 9 p. 174.

[71] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 8 p. 229.

[72] Mafatih al-Ghayb, vol. 5 p. 266.

[73] Qur'an, 17:60.

[74] Qur'an, 27:40.

[75] Encyclopedia of the Twentieth Century, vol. 6 p. 324, quoted from Nidhamuddeen al-Hasan an-Naysaburi in his Tafsir.

[76] Encyclopedia of the Twentieth Century, vol. 6 p. 328, 329.

[77] The Prophet’s Ascension to the outer Space, (manuscript) by Kadhim Shareef al-Qurashi that we have made use of in this study.

[78] Sharh Nahjol Balagha, vol. 2 p. 213, ad-Darajat ar-Rafee’ah, p. 61, Thamaratul Awraq, p. 294, Asnal Matalib, p. 20.

[79] Abu Talib and his Children, p. 103.

[80] Al-Kamil fit-Tareekh, vol. 2 p. 34.

[81] Ibid.

[82] Al-Isabah, vol. 4 p. 273, al-Istee’ab, vol. 6 p. 275.

[83] Al-Isabah, vol. 4 p. 274, quoted from Sahih of Muslim and Mustadrak al-Hakim.

[84] Sahih of al-Bukhari, vol. 5 p. 485, al-Isabah, vol. 4 p. 275, al-Istee’ab, vol. 4 p. 278.

[85] Sahih of Muslim, vol. 7 p. 134.

[86] Al-Istee’ab, vol. 4 p. 278.

[87] Al-Isabah, vol. 8 p. 62.

[88] Ad-Durr al-Manthur, p.180.

[89] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by Zayni Dahlan, vol. 1 p. 139.

[90] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Katheer, vol. 2 p. 178.

[91] Ibid., p. 179.

[92] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 2 p. 76.

[93] Al-Abbas (the Prophet’s uncle) was still a polytheist then.

[94] Three days following the Day of Immolation during the hajj.

[95] At-Tabaqat al-Kubra, vol. 1 p. 332.

[96] They were the Muslims of Medina who assisted and supported the Prophet (a.s.) and so they were called ‘Ansar: supporters’.

[97] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Katheer, vol. 2 p. 203.

[98] Qur'an, 48:18.

[99] Qur'an, 48:10.

[100] Qur'an, 60:12.

[101] At-Tabaqat al-Kubra, vol. 1 p. 226.

[102] Nihayat al-Irab, vol. 6 p. 322, Tareekh at-Tabari, vol. 2 p. 342.

[103] As-Seerah al-Halabiyyah, vol. 2 p. 208.

[104] At-Tabaqat al-Kubra, vol. 1 p. 226.

[105] Qur'an, 16:125.

[106] Qur'an, 17:53.

[107] Qur'an, 2:83.

[108] Qur'an, 3:159.

[109] Qur'an, 41:34.

[110] Qur'an, 73:10.

[111] Qur'an, 16:127.

[112] Qur'an, 76:24.

[113] Qur'an, 46:35.

[114] Qur'an, 48:13.

[115] Qur'an, 4:37, 151.

[116] Qur'an, 22:14.

[117] Qur'an, 54:54-55.

[118] Qur'an, 43:69-71.

[119] Qur'an, 2:164.

[120] Qur'an, 36:40.

[121] Qur'an, 36:37.

[122] Qur'an, 36:41.

[123] Qur'an, 39:21.

[124] Qur'an, 23:12-14.

[125] Qur'an, 13:3.

[126] Qur'an, 21:22.

[127] Qur'an, 23:91.

[128] Qur'an, 37:5.

[129] Qur'an, 16:40.

[130] Qur'an, 2:117.

[131] Qur'an, 6:59.

[132] Qur'an, 6:3.

[133] Qur'an, 13:8-10.

[134] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 1 p. 244.

[135] Qur'an, 2:144.

[136] Qur'an, 2:142.

[137] Majma’ul Bayan, vol. 1 p. 222-227.

[138] Qur'an, 10:38.

[139] Qur'an, 2:23.

[140] Qur'an, 4:82.

[141] Qur'an, 17:9.

[142] Qur'an, 16:90.

[143] Nahjol Balagha, vol. 2 p. 158-159.

[144] Qur'an, 6:25.

[145] Abu Qubays and Qayqu’an are two mountains in Mecca.

[146] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Katheer, vol. 2 p. 116-117, Sahih of al-Bukhari, vol. 4 p. 243, Sahih of at-Termithi, vol. 3 p. 211, Musnad of Ahmed bin Hanbal, vol. 1 p. 413, As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by Zayni Dahlan, vol. 2 p. 198.

[147] Hayat ar-Rasool al-Mustafa, vol. 2 p. 317.

The Prophet’s emigration to Yathrib

[1] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 2 p. 125.

[2] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 2 p. 126.

[3] Al-Kamil fit-Tareekh, vol. 2 p. 28, As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 2 p. 126, Tareekh at-Tabari, vol. 2 p. 243.

[4] Qur'an, 36:9.

[5] Qur'an, 2:207.

[6] Usd al-Ghabah, vol. 4 p. 25, Noor al-Absar, p. 77, Tafsir ar-Razi, vol. 5 p. 223, Musnad of Ahmed bin Hanbal, vol. 1 p. 348, Tareekh Baghdad, vol. 13 p. 191, Mustadrak al-Hakim, vol. 3 p. 4, Tabaqat ibn Sa’d, vol. 8 p. 35.

[7] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Katheer, vol. 2 p. 234.

[8] Rawdhatul-Kafi, p. 263.

[9] It lies an hour-travel from Mecca.

[10] Qur'an, 9:40.

[11] A valley in Mecca.

[12] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Katheer, vol. 2 p. 269.

[13] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by Zayni Dahlan, vol. 1 p. 172.

[14] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 1 p. 495.

[15] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Katheer, vol. 2 p. 275.

[16] Ibid., p. 278.

[17] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 2 p. 144, As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Katheer, vol. 2 p. 2 77.

[18] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 2 p. 141.

[19] Al-Eeman by ibn Mundah, p. 453, Sharh as-Sunnah, vol. 6 p. 288.

[20] Qur'an, 50:29.

[21] Qur'an, 65:5.

[22] Qur'an, 8:42.

[23] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Katheer, vol. 2 p. 299-301, Tareekh at-Tabari, vol. 2 p. 116,117.

[24] Qur'an, 16:58.

[25] Qur'an, 81:9.

[26] The Political System in Islam, p. 205.

[27] Qur'an, 49:13.

[28] The Life of Imam Musa bin Ja’far, vol. 1 p. 38-39.

[29] The Political System in Islam, p. 207.

[30] Al-Kharaj by Abu Yousuf, p. 50.

[31] Al-Lum’ah, the book of judgment, vol. 1 p. 366-367.

[32] The Political System in Islam.

[33] Qur'an, 52:21.

[34] Qur'an, 2:134.

[35] The Political System in Islam, p. 305.

[36] Only khums is to be given to the Prophet (a.s.) and his progeny.

[37] Usool al-Kafi, vol. 2 p. 174.

[38] Usool al-Kafi, vol. 2, p. 167.

[39] Ibid., p. 475.

[40] Rabee’ul Abrar, vol. 2 p. 313.

[41] Usool al-Kafi, vol. 2 p. 140.

[42] The Political System in Islam, p. 22.

[43] Usool al-Kafi, vol. 2 p. 195.

[44] Ibid. p. 158-159.

[45] Al-Jami’ as-Sahih by at-Termithi, vol. 2 p. 189.

[46] Usool al-Kafi, vol. 2 p. 151.

[47] Qur'an, 49:11.

[48] Qur'an, 49:12.

[49] Jami’ as-Sa’adaat, vol. 2 p. 298.

[54] The Political System in Islam, p. 199.

[51] Ibid.

[52] Usool al-Kafi, vol. 2 p. 274.

[53] Usool al-Kafi, vol. 2 p. 274.

[54] Qur'an, 24:19.

[55] Usool al-Kafi, vol. 2 p. 358.

[56] Ibid.

[57] Wasa’il ash-Shia, vol. 2 p. 344.

[58] The Political System in Islam, p. 23.

[59] Al-Wasa’il, the book of Hajj, vol. 8 p. 592.

[60] Usool al-Kafi, vol. 2 p. 262.

[61] Ibid., p. 263.

[62] Ibid., p. 262.

[63] Ibid., p. 273.

[64] Ibid., p. 275.

[65] Qur'an, 6:108.

[66] Usool al-Kafi, vol. 2 p. 268.

[67] Ibid.

[68] Qur'an, 24:19.

[69] Usool al-Kafi, vol. 2 p. 264.

[70] Ibid., p. 332-333.

[71] Ibid, p. 264.

[72] Ibid, p. 265.

[73] Usool al-Kafi, vol. 2, p. 247.

[74] Qur'an, 18:29.

[75] Qur'an, 88:21-22.

[76] Qur'an, 50:45.

[77] Qur'an, 10:99.

[78] Decisive Situations (Mawaqif Hasimah), p. 20.

[79] Ibid., p. 20-21.

[80] Qur'an, 2:256.

[81] Qur'an, 7:179.

[82] Qur'an, 2:170.

[83] Qur'an, 39:38.

[84] Sahih of Muslim, vol. 3 p. 1161.

[85] Al-Istee’ab (on the margins of al-Isabah), vol. 2 p. 8.

[86] Qur'an, 11:18.

[87] The Political System in Islam, p. 169.

[88] At-Tathkirah al-Hamduniyyah, vol. 1 p. 42-43.

[89] At-Tabaqat al-Kubra by ibn Sa’d, vol. 4 p. 360.

[90] The Wise Ways in the Legal Policy, p. 48.

[91] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 3 p. 369.

[92] The Political System in Islam, p. 175.

[93] Sa’ is a measure of about three kilograms.

[94] Usd al-Ghabah, vol. 4 p. 224.

[95] The System of the Prophetic Government, vol. 1 p. 242.

[96] Al-Isabah, vol. 2 p. 168.

[97] Sharh ash-Shafa, vol. 1 p. 641, Kanzol Ummal, vol. 5 p. 226, as-Seerah al-Halabiyyah, vol. 3 p. 272.

[98] Al-Azhar Magazine, vol. 8, 9, the year 1384 AH, Mars 1965 AD.

[99] Al-Bidayah wen-Nihayah, vol. 4 p. 269, Inimitability of the Qur'an, p. 110.

[100] Al-Kamil fit-Tareekh, vol. 2 p. 80, Tareekh al-Ya’qubi, vol. 2 p. 61.

[101] Qur'an, 3:64.

[102] As-Seerah al-Halabiyyah, vol. 2 p. 275, Kanzol Ummal, vol. 2 p. 225, Subhul A’sha, vol. 6 p. 376, Mushkilul Aathaar by at-Tahawi, vol. 2 p. 397, al-Mawahib al-Laduniyyah, vol. 3 p. 384, Ahkam al-Qur'an by al-Jassas, vol. 3 p. 241.

[103] Ar-Rawdh by as-Suhayli, vol. 2 p. 355.

[104] It means ‘the father of the ram’. They referred to the Prophet (a.s.) by this surname that was of a man from Khuza’ah who rejected the worshipping of idols and therefore they likened the Prophet (a.s.) to him, or it is said that Abu Kabsha was the Prophet’s maternal grandfather.

[105] Sahih of Muslim, vol. 5 p. 163, as-Sunan al-Kubra by al-Bayhaqi, vol. 9 p. 122.

[106] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by al-Halabi, vol. 3 p. 249.

[107] Futooh ash-Sham by al-Waqidi, vol. 2 p. 23, Jamharatur-rasa’il, vol. 1 p. 38.

[108] Usd al-Ghabah, vol. 1 p. 362, as-Seerah al-Halabiyyah, vol. 3 p. 250.

[109] Sharh al-Mawahib, vol. 3 p. 348, Zad al-Ma’ad, vol. 3 p. 691.

[110] As-Seera al-Halabiyyah, vol. 3 p. 250, Kanzol Ummal, vol. 3 p. 321.

[111] Makateeb ar-Rasool (letters of the Prophet), p. 101.

[112] At-Tabaqat al-Kubra by ibn Sa’d, vol. 1 p. 26, as-Seera al-Halabiyyah, vol. 3 p. 281.

[113] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by Zayni Dahlan, vol. 2 p. 174.

[114] Usd al-Ghabah, vol. 1 p. 63, al-Bidayah wen-Nihayah, vol. 3 p. 83.

[115] The Collection of the Political Documents at the time of the Prophet and the Caliphate, p. 27.

[116] Tareekh at-Tabari, vol. 2 p. 292, al-Mawahib al-Laduniyyah, vol. 3 p. 50.

[117] At-Tabaqat al-Kubra by ibn Sa’d, vol. 1 p. 261.

[118] As-Seera al-Halabiyyah, vol. 3 p. 386, Subhul A’sha, vol. 1 p. 329.

[119] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by Zayni Dahlan, vol. 2 p. 177.

[120] At-Tabaqat al-Kubra, vol. 9 p. 262.

[121] Al-Mawahib al-Laduniyyah, vol. 3 p. 440.

[122] Al-Mawahib al-Laduniyyah, vol. 3 p. 440.

[123] As-Seera al-Halabiyyah, vol. 3 p. 284, at-Tabaqat al-Kubra, vol. 1 p. 262.

[124] Al-Kharaaj by Abu Yousuf, p. 75, Futooh al-Buldan, p. 80.

[125] A’lam as-Sa’ilin, p. 102.

[126] Qur'an, 16:90.

[127] Usd al-Ghabah, vol. 1 p. 213.

[128] Ibid., p. 215.

[129] Mawaqif Hasimah (decisive situations), p. 208.

[130] Imta’ al-Asma’, vol. 1 p. 236, at-Tathkirah al-Hamduniyyah, vol. 1 p. 419-423.

[131] Kanzol Ummal, vol. 5 p. 22, al-Bayan wet-Tabyeen, vol. 1 p. 161, Kashf ad-Dhunoon, vol. 1 p. 26.

[132] Majma’ az-Zawa’id, vol. 1 p. 64.

[133] Al-Istee’ab, p. 393 edition of India.

[134] Al-Istee’ab, printed on the margins of al-Isabah, vol. 2 p. 374. As-Suffa was a shed beside the mosque where homeless, destitute people lived.

[135] Kanzol Ummal, vol. 11 p. 237.

[136] The System of the Prophet’s Government, p. 131, quoted from al-Matali’ an-Nasriyyah fil-Usool al-Khattiyyah by Abul Wafa’ al-Hurini.

[137] Ant is the name of a certain disease.

[138] Musnad of Ahmed bin Hanbal, vol. 6 p. 372

[139] Refer to Tareekh Baghdad, vol. 14 p. 224, ad-Dhu’afa’ (the weak) by ibn Hayyan, vol. 2 p. 302, Shu’ab al-Eeman, vol. 2 p. 477.

[140] Al-Istee’ab, printed on the margins of al-Isabah, vol. 4 p. 237.

[141] Al-Wafa’, vol. 1 p. 555.

[142] The System of the Prophet’s Government, p. 466, quoted from al-Iktifa’ by Ibn ar-Rabee’ al-Kila’iy.

[143] Uyoon al-Athar by ibn Sayyid an-Nas, vol. 4 p. 250.

[144] At-Tabaqat al-Kubra by ibn Sa’d, vol. 4 p. 150.

[145] Sahih of Muslim, vol. 3 p. 1188.

[146] Musnad of Ahmed bin Hanbal, vol. 6 p. 378.

[147] Sunan of ibn Majah, vol. 2 p. 727, Sahih of Muslim, vol. 3 p. 1228.

[148] Work and the Rights of Workers in Islam, p. 305.

[149] Sunan of ibn Majah, vol. 2 p. 728.

[150] Sahih of Muslim, vol. 3 p. 1228.

[151] Mustadrak al-Hakim, vol. 2 p. 12.

[152] Al-Mustadrak ala as-Sahihayn, vol. 2 p. 12.

[153] Al-Muntadham, vol. 3 p. 93.

[154] Al-Muntadham, vol. 3 p. 93.

[155] Ibid., p. 96.

[156] Qur'an, 3:159.

[157] Sunan al-Bayhaqi, vol. 7 p. 45.

[158] At-Tathkira al-Hamduniyyah, vol. 1 p. 312.

[159] Al-Istee’ab, vol. 3 p. 35.

[160] Al-Kamil fit-Tareekh by ibn al-Atheer, vol. 2 p. 103.

[161] As-Seerah al-Halabiyyah, vol. 3 p. 327.

[162] Tareekh al-Ya’qubi, vol. 2 p. 80, as-Seerah al-Halabiyyah, vol. 3 p. 327, al-Kamil fit-Tareekh, vol. 2 p. 176.

[163] Makateeb ar-Rasool (the Prophet’s letters), vol. 1 p. 21.

[164] Sunan al-Bayhaqi, vol. 10 p. 128.

[165] Makateeb ar-Rasool, p. 31.

[166] Al-Kamil fit-Tareekh, vol. 2 p. 199.

[167] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 4 p. 229.

[168] Tareekh al-Ya’qubi, vol. 2 p. 80.

[169] Sunan al-Bayhaqi, vol. 1 p. 128.

[170] Makateeb ar-Rasool, vol. 1 p.

[171] As they were in the state when Islam came.

[172] Tareekh ibn Katheer, vol. 3 p. 224-226, As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 2 p. 147-150, Musnad of Ahmed bin Hanbal, vol. 1 p. 271.

[173] The Revolution of Islam and the Hero of the Prophets, p. 706.

[174] Ibid.

Examples from the Prophet’s supplications

[1] Nahj al-Fasahah, vol. 1 p. 323, quoted from Sunan of Abi Dawud, vol. 1 p. 333, Musnad of Ahmed bin Hanbal, vol. 4 p. 467.

[2] Nahj al-Fasahah, vol. 2 p. 323, quoted from Kanzol Ummal, vol. 2 p. 62.

[3] Mustadrak al-Hakim, vol. 1 p. 492.

[4] Musnad of Ahmed bin Hanbal, vol. 5 p. 277.

[5] At-Targheeb wet-Tarheeb, vol. 3 p. 596.

[6] Kanzol Ummal, vol. 3 p. 63.

[7] Nahj al-Fasahah, vol. 1 p. 324, quoted from al-Mu’jam al-Kabeer, vol. 1 p. 128.

[8] Mustadrak al-Hakim, vol. 1 p. 493.

[9] Shu’ab al-Eeman, vol. 2 p. 50.

[10] Kanzol Ummal, vol. 3 p. 507.

[11] Musnad of Ahmed bin Hanbal, vol. 3 p. 367.

[12] Kanzol Ummal, vol. 3 p. 400.

[13] Al-Mu’jam al-Kabeer, vol. 4 p. 84, Musnad of Ahmed bin Hanbal, vol. 2 p. 305.

[14] Mustadrak al-Hakim, vol. 1 p. 29.

[15] Sunan of at-Tarmithi, vol. 1 p. 343.

[16] Mishkat al-Anwar, p. 163, Kanzol Ummal, vol. 2 p. 98.

[17] Kanzol Ummal, vol. 2 p. 98.

[18] Sunan of Abi Dawud, vol. 6 p. 343.

[19] Kanzol Ummal, vol. 2 p. 103.

[20] Nahj al-Fasahah, vol. 1 p. 321, quoted from Kanzol Ummal, vol. 2 p. 103.

[21] Kanzol Ummal, vol. 2 p. 98.

[22] Nahj al-Fasaha, vol. 1 p. 322.

[23] Shu’ab al-Eeman, vol. 2 p. 46.

[24] Kanzol Ummal, vol. 2 p. 99.

[25] Al-Mu’jam al-Awsat, vol. 5 p. 29, Kanzol Ummal, vol. 3 p. 66.

[26] Sunan of at-Tarmithi, vol. 5 p. 217, Sunan of Abi Dawud, vol. 1 p. 334.

[27] Mustadrak al-Hakim, vol. 1 p. 543.

[28] Al-Mu’jam al-Awsat, vol. 6 p. 121.

[29] Kanzol Ummal, vol. 2 p. 686.

[30] Sunan of at-Tarmithi, vol. 5 p. 189.

[31] Musnad of Ahmed bin Hanbal, vol. 4 p. 181.

[32] Sunan of at-Tarmithi, vol. 5 p. 189.

[33] Kanzol Ummal, vol. 2 p. 187.

[34] Mustadrak al-Hakim, vol. 4 p. 322.

[35] Sunan of Abi Dawud, vol. 1 p. 219, Kanzol Ummal, vol. 2 p. 187.

[36] Kanzol Ummal, vol. 2 p. 185, Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 6 p. 18.

[37] Al-Mu’jam al-Kabeer, vol. 23 p. 34.

[38] Sahih of al-Bukhari, vol. 7 p. 166.

[39] Tahthib al-Ahkam, vol. 3 p. 73.

[40] Nahj al-Fasahah, vol. 1 p. 333.

[41] Kanzol Ummal, vol. 15 p. 337.

[42] Musnad of Ahmed bin Hanbal, vol. 5 p. 42.

[43] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 3 p. 70.

[44] Sahih of Muslim, vol. 8 p. 81.

[45] Mustadrak al-Hakim, vol. 1 p. 523.

[46] Musnad of Ahmed bin Hanbal, vol. 1 p. 156, al-Mu’jam al-Kabeer, vol. 8 p. 24.

[47] Mustadrak al-Hakim, vol. 1 p. 524, Kanzol Ummal, vol. 2 p. 174.

[48] Musnad of Ahmed bin Hanbal, vol. 3 p. 288.

[49] Sunan of at-Tarmithi, vol. 5 p. 8.

[50] Kanzol Ummal, vol. 3 p. 62 , Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 77 p. 64.

[51] Sahih of Muslim, vol. 6 p. 7.

[52] Sunan of ibn Majah, vol. 2 p. 264.

[53] Sunan of Abi Dawud, vol. 1 p. 346.

[54] Al-Mustadrak ala as-Sahihayn, vol. 1 p. 530, Kanzol Ummal, vol. 2 p. 188.

[55] Mustadrak al-Hakim, vol. 1 p. 572.

[56] Kanzol Ummal, vol. 2 p. 185.

[57] Sahih of Muslim, vol. 8 p. 87.

[58] Sunan of an-Nassa’iy, vol. 2 p. 268, Musnad of Ahmed bin Hanbal, vol. 2 p. 173.

[59] Kanzol Ummal, vol. 2 p. 189.

[60] Sunan of at-Tarmithi, vol. 5 p. 233.

[61] Al-Mu’jam al-Kabeer, vol. 67 p. 294.

[62] At-Tathkirah al-Hamduniyyah, vol. 8 p. 116.

[63] Encyclopedia of Imam Ameerul Mo'minin Ali bin Abi Talib, vol. 4 p. 292-293.

[64] Encyclopedia of Imam Ameerul Mo'minin Ali bin Abi Talib, vol. 4 p. 292-293.

[65] Encyclopedia of Imam Ameerul Mo'minin Ali bin Abi Talib, vol. 4 p. 296-297.

[66] Encyclopedia of Imam Ameerul Mo'minin Ali bin Abi Talib, vol. 4 p. 289-300.

[67] Encyclopedia of Imam Ameerul Mo'minin Ali bin Abi Talib, vol. 4 p. 301-302.

[68] It is said, as in traditions, that al-Sahira is a land in other where than this earth where people shall be resurrected.

[69] Qur'an, 21:69.

[70] The Life of the Principal of Women Fatima az-Zahra’, p. 55-57.

[71] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 88 p. 370.

[72] The Life of the Principal of Women Fatima az-Zahra’, p. 58.

[73] The Life of the Principal of Women Fatima az-Zahra’, p. 58.

Educational recommendations

[1] Tuhaf al-Uqool, p. 6-9.

[2] Musnad of Imam Ali, p. 47.

[3] Wasa’il ash-Shia, vol. 6 p. 333.

[4] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 77 p. 53.

[5] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 77 p. 53.

[6] Ibid., p. 54.

[7] Ibid., p. 49. It means to perform one’s obligations and to do good deeds during one’s youth before his old age, and when healthy before being ill…etc.

[8] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 77 p. 67.

[9] Ibid., p. 62.

[10] The Life of the Principal of Women Fatima az-Zahra’, p. 54.

[11] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 77 p. p. 111.

[12] Qur'an, 39:10.

[13] Qur'an, 25:75.

[14] Qur'an, 23:111.

[15] Qur'an, 76:12.

[16] Qur'an, 28:54.

[17] Qur'an, 2:214.

[18] Qur'an, 2:155.

[19] Qur'an, 39:22.

[20] Qur'an, 11:7, 67:2.

[21] Qur'an, 57:20.

[22] Qur'an, 19:12.

[23] Qur'an, 43:33-53.

[24] Qur'an, 17:18-19.

[25] Qur'an, 3:14.

[26] Qur'an, 17:3.

[27] Qur'an, 4:125.

[28] Qur'an, 38:26.

[29] Qur'an, 4:164.

[30] Qur'an, 19:52.

[31] Qur'an, 19:12.

[32] Qur'an, 5:110.

[33] Qur'an, 21:90.

[34] Qur'an, 15:43-44.

[35] Qur'an, 39:69.

[36] Qur'an, 19:59.

[37] Qur'an, 47:24.

[38] Qur'an, 30:7.

[39] Qur'an, 26:129-131.

[40] Qur'an, 45:23.

[41] Qur'an, 13:26.

[42] Qur'an, 26:205-207.

[43] Qur'an, 4:78.

[44] Qur'an, 57:13-15.

[45] Qur'an, 2:89.

[46] Qur'an, 18:110.

[47] Qur'an, 43:67.

[48] Qur'an, 74:56.

[49] Qur'an, 98:8.

[50] Qur'an, 80:37.

[51] Qur'an, 31:33.

[52] Qur'an, 3:15.

[53] Qur'an, 3:25.

[54] Qur'an, 3:30.

[55] Qur'an, 2:206.

[56] We have discussed the great harms of wine in our book, Labor and the Rights of a Laborer in Islam.

[57] Qur'an, 92:19-21.

[58] Qur'an, 102:8.

[59] Qur'an, 23:115.

[60] Qur'an, 18:105.

[61] Qur'an, 3:188.

[62] Qur'an, 75:2.

[63] Qur'an, 75:5.

[64] Qur'an, 36:12.

[65] Qur'an, 75:13.

[66] Qur'an, 26:57.

[67] Qur'an, 26:148.

[68] Qur'an, 25:38.

[69] Qur'an, 58:7.

[70] Qur'an, 35:6.

[71] Qur'an, 7:17.

[72] Qur'an, 38:84-85.

[73] Qur'an, 17:64.

[74] Qur'an, 31:33, 35:5.

[75] Qur'an, 55:46.

[76] Qur'an, 79:37-39.

[77] Qur'an, 4:58.

[78] Qur'an, 17:36.

[79] Qur'an, 43:19.

[80] Qur'an, 50:17-18.

[81] Qur'an, 50:16.

[82] Qur'an, 11:6.

[83] Qur'an, 51:22.

[84] Qur'an, 6:17.

[85] Qur'an, 24:37.

[86] Qur'an, 35:29-30.

[87] Qur'an, 16:96.

[88] Qur'an, 4:69.

[89] Qur'an, 57:19.

[90] Qur'an, 18:28.

[91] Qur'an, 6:52.

[92] Qur'an, 29:45.

[93] Qur'an, 2:152.

[94] Qur'an, 2:186.

[95] Qur'an, 40:60.

[96] Qur'an, 11:75.

[97] Qur'an, 25:63-64.

[98] Qur'an, 73-76.

[99] Qur'an, 23:1-11.

[100] Qur'an, 70:35.

[101] Qur'an, 8:2-4.

[102] Qur'an, 26:88-89.

[103] Qur'an, 18:46.

[104] Qur'an, 2:44.

[105] Qur'an, 36:65.

[106] Qur'an, 86:9-10.

[107] Qur'an, 21:47.

[108] Qur'an, 50:33-34.

[109] Qur'an, 11:117.

[110] Qur'an, 40:19.

[111] Qur'an, 61:2.s.

[112] Qur'an, 16:92.

[113] Qur'an, 16:90.

[114] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 77 p. 92-110.

[115] Qur'an, 17:107-109.

[116] Qur'an, 15:98-99.

[117] Qur'an, 3:200.

[118] Qur'an, 5:27.

[119] Qur'an, 65:2-3.

[120] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 17, p. 74, al-Amali, vol. 2 p. 138.

[121] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 90 p. 424.

[122] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 77 p. 127.

[123] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 77, p. 129.

[124] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 77, p. 136.

[125] At-Tathkirah al-Hamduniyyah, vol. 2 p. 232.

[126] Qur'an, 12:108.

[127] Tuhaf al-Uqool, p. 41-42.

[128] Qur'an, 22:60.

[129] Qur'an, 10:23.

[130] Qur'an, 35:43.

[131] Tuhaf al-Uqool, p. 35.

[132] Tuhaf al-Uqool., p. 41.

[133] Tuhaf al-Uqool, p. 47.

[134] Ibid, p. 56.

[135] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 77 p. 187.

[136] Kanzol Ummal, vol. 16 p. 374.

[137] Musnad of Ahmed bin Hanbal, vol. 5 p. 73, Da’a’im (pillars of) al-Islam, vol. 2 p. 214.

[138] Sunan of ibn Majah, vol. 1 p. 636.

[139] Kanzol Ummal, vol. 16 p. 408.

[140] Usool al-Kafi, vol. 2 p. 158.

[141] Ibid., vol. 1 p. 347.

Preachments and advices

[1] Tuhaf al-Uqool, p. 29-30.

[2] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 77 p. 112.

[3] Ibid.

[4] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 77 p. 117.

[5] Tuhaf al-Uqool, p. 39.

[6] Tuhaf al-Uqool., p. 40.

[7] At-Tathkirah al-Hamduniyyah, vol. 1 p. 37.

[8] At-Tathkirah al-Hamduniyyah, vol. 1., p. 38.

[9] Ibid..

[10] At-Tathkirah al-Hamduniyyah, vol. 1.

[11] Kashf al-Khafa’, vol. 2 p. 305, at-Tathkirah al-Hamduniyyah, vol. 1 p. 46.

[12] At-Tathkirah al-Hamduniyyah, vol. 1 p. 52.

[13] Muhadharat al-Abrar (lectures of the pious), vol. 2 p. 273, at-Tathkirah al-Hamduniyyah, vol. 1 p.54.

[14] Tuhaf al-Uqool, p. 59.

[15] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 77 p. 188.

[16] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 77, p. 188-189.

From the Prophet’s sermons

[1] As-Seera al-Halabiyyah, vol. 1 p. 272, al-Kamil fee at-Tareekh, vol. 2 p. 27.

[2] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 1 p. 300, Jamharat Khutab al-Arab, vol. 1 p. 55.

[3] Qur'an, 50:29.

[4] Tareekh at-Tabari, vol. 2 p. 115.

[5] I’jaz al-Qur'an, vol. 5 p. 255.

[6]I’jaz al-Qur'an, vol. 5, p. 113.

[7] Qur'an, 9:37.

[8] Qur'an, 9:36.

[9] An illegitimate child should be ascribed to the husband on whose bed adultery was committed (with his wife) and the adulteress (wife) should be stoned.

[10] Al-Bayan wet-Tabyeen, vol. 2 p. 15, Tareekh at-Tabari, vol. 3 p. 168, al-Kamil fee at-Tareekh, vol. 2 p. 146.

[11] Qur'an, 5:67. Al-Wahidi in Asbab an-Nuzool, p. 10, ar-Razi in his Tafsir, vol. 3 p. 636, and other historians mention that this verse has been revealed on the occasion of al-Ghadeer.

[12] Sana’a is the capital of Yemen and Busra is a town in Syria.

[13] As-Sirat is the bridge that dominates the Hell.

[14] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 93 p. 218-219, Uyoon al-Akhbar, vol. 1 p. 295-297, Amali as-Saduq, p. 57-58.

[15] The Life of the Principal of Women Fatima az-Zahra’, p. 284, quoted from as-Sawa’iq al-Muhriqah.

Wonderful maxims and teachings

[1] Rabee’ al-Abrar, vol. 1 p. 50.

[2] Ibid.

[3] At-Tathkirah al-Hamduniyyah, vol. 2 p. 172, Adab ad-Dunya wed-Deen (morals of life and religion), p. 237.

[4] Kanzol Ummal, vol. 3 p. 6, Ayn al-Adab wes-Siyasah (the eye of literature and politics), p. 134, Siraj al-Mulook (the lamp of kings), p. 249.

[5] Kanzol Ummal, vol. 3 p. 5141, at-Tathkirah al-Hamduniyyah, vol. 2 p. 174.

[6] Kanzol Ummal, vol. 3 p. 7, at-Tathkirah al-Hamduniyyah, vol. 2 p. 174.

[7] Al-Jami’ as-Sagheer (little collection), vol. 2 p. 203.

[8] Tuhaf al-Uqool, p. 45.

[9] Ibid.

[10] Ibid.

[11] Ibid., p. 44.

[12] Rabee’ al-Abrar, vol. 2 p. 289.

[13] Tuhaf al-Uqool, p. 45.

[14] Qur'an, 2:269.

[15] Usool al-Kafi, vol. 1 p. 60.

[16] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 77 p. 174.

[17] Ibid.

[18] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 77 p. 158, Nihayat al-Irab, vol. 3 p. 23, al-Khisal, p. 102.

[19] Usool al-Kafi, vol. 1 p. 59.

[20] Usool al-Kafi, p. 74.

[21] Nihayat al-Irab, vol. 3 p. 230, at-Tathkirah al-Hamduniyyah, vol. 3 p. 230.

[22] Muhadharat ar-Raghib, vol. 1 p. 14, Ihya’ al-Uloom, vol. 1 p. 100.

[23] Nihayat al-Irab, vol. 3 p. 231, Ihya’ al-Uloom, vol. 1 p. 100.

[24] Muhadharat ar-Raghib, vol. 1 p. 14, Rabee’ al-Abrar, vol. 3 p. 137.

[25] Usool al-Kafi, vol. 1 p. 79.

[26] Usool al-Kafi, vol. 1, p. 84.

[27] Usool al-Kafi, vol. 1 p. 94.

[28] Jami’ Bayan al-Ilm, vol. 1 p. 184.

[29] Usool al-Kafi, vol. 1 p. 97.

[30] Tuhaf al-Uqool, p. 28.

[31] Tuhaf al-Uqool, p. 37.

[32] Ibid, p.41.

[33] Ibid.

[34] Ibid.

[35] Tuhaf al-Uqool, p. 43-44.

[36] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 77 p. 175.

[37] Tuhaf al-Uqool, p. 29.

[38] Rawdhat al-Kafi, p. 150.

[39] Rabee’ al-Abrar, vol. 2 p. 46.

[40] Bad death is the state of total misery, bitter pains, or serious diseases that man suffers at dying which makes him ungrateful to the blessings of Allah and makes him neglect the remembrance of Allah.

[41] Al-Jami’ as-Sagheer, vol. 1 p. 69, The Letters of ibn Abi ad-Dunya, p. 74.

[42] Nathr ad-Durr (scattering of pearls), vol. 1 p. 171, Proverbs of al-Mawardi, p. 55, at-Tathkirah al-Hamduniyyah, vol. 2 p. 357.

[43] Siraj al-Mulook, p. 247.

[44] At-Tathkirah al-Hamduniyyah, vol. 2 p. 286.

[45] Ash-Shihab, p. 12.

[46] Qur'an, 2:148.

[47] At-Tathkirah al-Hamduniyyah, vol. 1 p. 53.

[48] Musnad of Ahmed bin Hanbal, vol. 2 p. 254, Proverbs (Amthal) of al-Mawardi, p. 56, Muhadharat ar-Raghib, vol. 1 p. 648.s

[49] Kashf al-Khafa’, vol. 1 p. 70, al-Jami’ as-Sagheer, vol. 1 p. 14.

[50] Kanzol Ummal, vol. 3 p. 517.

[51] Al-Jami' as-Sagheer, vol. 2 p. 85, at-Tathkirah al-Hamduniyyah, vol. 3 p. 9.

[52] Majma’ az-Zawa’id, vol. 4 p. 200.

[53] Al-Mustadhraf, vol. 6 p. 208, Rabee’ al-Abrar, vol. 2 p. 823.

[54] Bahjat al-Majalis (joy of meetings), vol. 1 p. 406.

[55] Al-Jami' as-Sagheer, vol. 2 p. 201, Kashf al-Khafa’, vol. 2 p. 479, Muhadharat ar-Raghib, vol. 2 p. 501.

[56] Nihayat al-Irab, vol. 3 p. 370.

[57] Majma’ az-Zawa’id, vol. 1 p. 98, the Collection of Warram, vol. 1 p. 203.

[58] Majma’ az-Zawa’id, vol. 1 p. 98.

[59] Siraj al-Mulook, p. 267, Rabee’ al-Abrar, vol. 3 p. 644.

[60] Nihayat al-Irab, vol. 3 p. 289.

[61] Kanzol Ummal, vol. 3 p. 461, Adab ad-Dunya wed-Deen, p. 264, al-Mustadhraf, vol. 1 p. 214.

[62] At-Tathkirah al-Hamduniyyah, vol. 1 p. 644.

[63] Majma’ az-Zawa’id, vol. 1 p. 93, Rabee’ al-Abrar, vol. 2 p. 639, Ghurar al-Khasa’is, p. 52.

[64] Majma’ az-Zawa’id, vol. 10 p. 250.

[65] Nihayat al-Irab, vol. 3 p. 376.

[66] Majma' az-Zawa'id, vol. 1 p. 376, Muhadharat ar-Raghib, vol. 2 p. 312.

[67] Musnad of Ahmed bin Hanbal, vol. 4 p. 145.

[68] A passage from the Farewell Hajj Sermon of the Prophet (a.s.).

[69] Qur'an, 11:46.

[70] Sunan of Abi Dawud, vol. 2 p. 624, Musnad of Ahmed bin Hanbal, vol. 2 p. 361.

[71] Rabee' al-Abrar, vol. 2 p. 834.

[72] Ibid., p. 815.

[73] Rabee' al-Abrar, vol. 2, p. 497.

[74] Ibid., p. 48.

[75] As-Sunan al-Kubra, vol. 1 p. 246.

[76] Sunan of Abi Dawud, vol. 2 p. 45.

[77] Ash-Shifa’, by the Judge Ayyadh, vol. 1 p. 78.

[78] Rabee' al-Abrar, vol. 2 p. 64.

[79] Majma' az-Zawa'id, vol. 4 p. 205, vol. 5 p. 211.

[80] Majma' az-Zawa'id, vol. 4 p. 205.

[81] Kanzol Ummal, vol. 1 p. 418, al-Jami' as-Sagheer, vol. 1 p. 35.

[82] At-Tathkirah al-Hamduniyyah, vol. 1 p. 51.

[83] Rabee' al-Abrar, vol. 2 p. 492, al-Mustadhraf, vol. 1 p. 155.

[84] Al-La’ali’ al-Masnu’ah, vol. 1 p. 302. (But the author considers it as fabricated.)

[85] at-Tathkirah al-Hamduniyyah, vol. 1 p. 44.

[86] Ibid., 3 p. 211.

[87] Nihayat al-Irab, vol. 3 p. 247, al-Mustadhraf, vol. 3 p. 347.

[88] Al-Jami' as-Sagheer, vol. 2 p. 146, Nihayat al-Irab, vol. 3 p. 347.

[89] At-Tathkirah al-Hamduniyyah, vol. 1 p. 48.

[90] Muhadharat ar-Raghib, vol. 1 p. 408.

[91] At-Targheeb wet-Tarheeb, p. 151.

[92] Rabee' al-Abrar, vol. 2 p. 799.

[93] Bahjat al-Majalis, vol. 1 p. 370.

[94] Nihayat al-Irab, vol. 3 p. 258.

[95] Nihayat al-Irab, vol. 5 p. 245.

[96] Musnad of Ahmed bin Hanbal, vol. 5 p. 52, the Collection of Warram, vol. 1 p. 182, al-Jami' as-Sagheer, vol. 1 p. 88.

[97] Kashf al-Ghita’, vol. 1 p. 435, Al-Maqasid al-Hasanah, p. 191.

[98] At-Tathkirah al-Hamduniyyah, vol. 1 p. 54.

[99] The greeting of Islam in Arabic is ‘as-Salam alayk or alaykum; peace be on you (singular) or you (plural)’, whereas ‘sam’ here means ‘death’.

[100] Rabee' al-Abrar, vol. 2 p. 45.

[101] Ibid., p. 45.

[102] Ibid., p. 116.

[103] Ibid.

[104] Ibid., p. 97.

[105] Ibid., p. 679.

[106] Rabee' al-Abrar, vol. 2 p. 674.

[107] Ibid., p. 676.

[108] Ibid.

[109] Muhadharat ar-Raghib, vol. 2 p. 323.

[110] Rabee' al-Abrar, vol. 2 p. 323.

[111] Majma' az-Zawa'id, vol. 2 p. 280, Nihayat al-Irab, vol. 6 p. 69, al-Mustadhraf, vol. 1 p. 73.

[112] Nihayat al-Irab, vol. 6 p. 72-73.

[113] Usool al-Kafi, vol. 7 p. 558.

[114] Sahih of al-Bukhari, vol. 8 p. 87.

[115] Sunan of Abi Dawud, vol. 2 p. 426.

[116] Usool al-Kafi, vol. 4 p. 285.

[117] Ibid., vol. 13 p. 307.

[118] Musnad of Ahmed bin Hanbal, vol. 3 p. 124, Usool al-Kafi, vol. 4 p. 297, Sunan of Abi Dawud, vol. 1 p. 562.

Short maxims

[1] Ibrahim was the Prophet’s son who died a child.

The battle of Badr

[1] As spoils of war after fighting the polytheists in the caravan.

[2] Qur'an, 3:159.

[3] Qur'an, 5:24.

[4] A very far place in Yemen or it is also said in Abyssinia.

[5] Either to obtain the camels with their goods or to fight the polytheists and win the victory.

[6] The name of Imam Ali’s famous sword given to him by the Prophet (a.s.) that Gabriel had brought down from the heaven as traditions mention.

[7] Kanzol Ummal, vol. 3 p. 154.

[8] Encyclopedia of Imam Ameerul Mo'minin Ali bin Abi Talib, vol. 2 p. 20.

The battle of Uhud

[1] Uhud is a famous mountain in Medina where this battle took place on Saturday, 11th of Shawwal in the third year of Hijra and took the name of this mountain. Refer to as-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by Zayni Dahlan, printed in the margins of as-Seera al-Halabiyyah, vol. 2 p. 19.

[2] As-Seera al-Halabiyyah, vol. 2 p. 268.

[3] As-Seerah al-Halabiyyah, vol. 2 p. 222.

[4] Noor al-Absar, p. 78.

[5] Encyclopedia of Imam Ameerul Mo'minin Ali bin Abi Talib, vol. 2 p. 23.

[6] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 3 p. 73.

[7] As-Seera al-Halabiyyah, vol. 2 p. 227.

[8] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Katheer, vol. 3 p. 74.

[9] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 2 p. 95.

[10] Qur'an, 16:126-127.

[11] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 2 p. 97.

[12] As-Seera al-Halabiyyah, vol. 2 p. 246.

[13] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Katheer, vol.3 p. 77.

[14] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 19 p. 131.

[15] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Katheer, vol.3 p. 67.

[16] As-Seera al-Halabiyyah, vol. 2 p. 227.

[17] As-Seera al-Halabiyyah, vol. 2, p. 233.

[18] Encyclopedia of Imam Ameerul Mo’minin Ali bin Abi Talib, vol. 2 p. 18.

[19] Ibid.

[20] Encyclopedia of Imam Ameerul Mo'minin Ali bin Abi Talib, vol. 2 p. 18.

[21] Encyclopedia of Imam Ameerul Mo'minin Ali bin Abi Talib, vol. 2 p. 18.

[22] As-Seera al-Halabiyyah, vol. 2 p. 246.

[23] As-Seera al-Halabiyyah, vol. 2 p. 246.

[24] Ibid., p. 231.

[25] As-Seera al-Halabiyyah, vol. 2 p. 231.

[26] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Katheer, vol. 3 p. 73,74.

[27] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Katheer, vol. 3, p. 78. Sa’d was one of the chiefs on the Night of al-Aqabah.

[28] As-Seera al-Halabiyyah, vol. 3 p. 73.

[29] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Katheer, vol. 3 p. 72.

[30] Ibid., p. 84.

[31] As-Seera al-Halabiyyah, vol. 2 p. 250.

[32] Ibid.

[33] Qur'an, 3:172.

The event of al-Khandaq (trench)

[1] Qur'an, 33:10.

[2] Qur'an, 4:51-55.

[3] Qur'an, 24:63.

[4] Qur'an, 24:62.

[5] Encyclopedia of Imam Ameerul Mo'minin Ali bin Abi Talib, vol. 2 p. 23.

[6] Mustadrak al-Hakim, vol. 3 p. 32.

[7] Tareekh al-Khateeb al-Baghdadi, vol. 13 p. 19, Mustadrak al-Hakim, vol. 3 p. 32.

[8] Rassa’il (letters of) al-Jahidh, p. 60.

[9] Qur'an, 33:25.

[10] Amali al-Murtadha, vol. 2 p. 7-8.

[11] A’yan ash-Shia, vol. 3 p. 113.

Bani Quraydhah and the conquest of Khaybar

[1] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 3 p. 246.

[2] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 3 p. 247, and other sources.

[3] The Life of Muhammad, p. 356.

[4] Khaybar was a place about three miles from Medina. Inhabited by Jews, it had strong forts and huge gardens of date-palm trees. The battle of Khaybar took place at the end of the sixth year of Hijra. Refer to Khizanat al-Adab (treasury of literature), vol. 6 p. 69.

[5] Hilyat al-Awliya’, vol. 1 p. 62, Sifat as-Safwah, vol. 1 p, 163, Musnad of Ahmed bin Hanbal, tradition no. 778.

[6] Sifat as-Safwah, vol. 1 p. 164, Sahih of al-Bukhari, vol. 7 p. 121, and in Wassa’il ash-Shia, vol. 6 p. 3, it is mentioned in this way: “O Ali, you do not fight anyone except after inviting him to Islam.”

[7] The taking out of the gate of Khaybar was a miracle, because it was opened by forty men together as mentioned in the books of history such as, Tareekh Baghdad, vol. 11 p. 324, Mizan al-I’tidal, vol. 2 p. 218, Kanzol Ummal, vol. 6 p. 368, and in ar-Riyadh an-Nadhirah, vol. 2 p. 188, it is mentioned that seventy men gathered together to return the gate to its place after great efforts.

[8] Sharh Nahjol Balagha, vol. 4 p. 128.

[9] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 3 p. 352.

[10] When she was taken a prisoner, the Prophet (a.s.) made her free to choose; either to be released from bondage and get married to the Prophet (a.s.) or to go to join her family, and she agreed to get married with the Prophet (a.s.).

[11] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 3 p. 359-360.

Expeditions

[1] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 3 p. 46.

[2] Ibid., p. 48.

[3] Ibid., P. 50.

[4] As-Seera al-Halabiyyah, vol. 2 p. 46.

[5] Ibid., p. 126.

[6] Qur'an, 5:51…56.

[7] As-Seera al-Halabiyyah, vol. 2 p. 208-209.

[8] Ibid., p. 212.

[9] Qur'an, 5:11.

[10] As-Seera al-Halabiyyah, vol. 2 p. 212.

[11] As-Seera al-Halabiyyah, vol. 2 p. 270-273.

[12] As-Seera al-Halabiyyah, vol. 2, p. 277.

[13] As-Seera al-Halabiyyah, vol. 2 p. 279.

[14] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 4 p. 15-22.

[15] Ibid.

[16] Insan al-Uyoon, vol. 3 68-69.

[17] Qur'an, 60:1.

[18] Subh al-A’sha, vol. 4 p. 269.

[19] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 4 p. 55.

[20] Insan al-Uyoon, vol. 3 p. 99-100.

[21] Qur'an, 49:13.

[22] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 4 p. 54-55, Tareekh at-Tabari, vol. 2 p. 327.

[23] As-Seera al-Halabiyyah, vol. 3 p. 101, as-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 4 p. 56.

[24] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 4 p. 59-60.

[25] Ibid., 4 p. 60.

[26] Ibid., 4 p. 61,62.

[27] Ibid., p. 61,62.

[28] I As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 1 p. 69.

[29] Ibid, vol. 3 p. 662.

[30] Ibid, vol. 4 p. 59.

[31] The Life of Muhammad, by Hasanayn Haykal, p. 434.

[32] Encyclopedia of Imam Ameerul Mo'minin Ali bin Abi Talib, vol. 2 p. 59.

[33] Qur'an, 9:25-27.

[34] The Life of Muhammad, p. 436.

[35] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 4 p. 143, al-Kamil fit-Tareekh, vol. 2 p. 268-272.

[36] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Katheer, vol. 3 p. 683.

[37] Qur'an, 9:81-82.

[38] Qur'an, 9:65.

[39] Tareekh ibn al-Atheer, vol. 2 p. 190, as-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 4 p. 163.

[40] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 4 p. 169.

[41] Qur'an, 9:117-118.

[42] At-Tanbeeh wel Ishraf, p. 186.

[43] Encyclopedia of Imam Ameerul Mo'minin Ali bin Abi Talib, vol. 2 p. 47.

[44] Musnad of Ahmed bin Hanbal, vol. 1 p. 3, Khasa’is an-Nassa’iy, 30, Kanzol Ummal, vol. 4 p. 246, Tafsir at-Tabari, vol. 10 p. 46, Mustadrak al-Hakim, vol. 3 p. 51, Sahih of at-Termithi, vol. 2 p. 183, Tathkirat al-Khawass, p. 37.

[45] Amali al-Murtadha, vol. 1 p. 292, as-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 4 p. 190.

[46] Amali al-Murtadha, vol. 1 p. 292.

[47] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 4 p. 256.

The battalions

[1] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 4 p. 284.

[2] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 2 p. 429-430.

[3] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 3 p. 418.

[4] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 3 p. 419.

[5] Ibid., p. 422.

[6] As-Seera an-Nabawiyyah by ibn Hisham, vol. 3, p. 617.

[7] Ibid., vol. 2 p. 136.

The signs of the departure

[1] Gabriel used to recite the whole Qur'an to the Prophet (a.s.) once every year.

[2] Al-Khasa’is al-Kubra, vol. 2 p. 268.

[3] Tareekh ibn al-Atheer, vol. 5 p. 523.

[4] Qur'an, 39:30-31.

[5] Encyclopedia of Imam Ameerul Mo'minin Ali bin Abi Talib, vol. 2 p. 71-72.

[6] Allah has prohibited to shed each other’s blood or to seize each other’s property unlawfully.

[7] Do not pride on…

[8] The Life of Imam al-Husayn bin Ali (a.s.), vol. 1 p. 195-298 quoted from Tareekh al-Ya’qubi, vol. 2 p. 90-92.

[9] Qur'an, 5:67.

[10] Tareekh Baghdad, vol. 8 p. 290, Asbab an-Nuzool by al-Wahidi, p. 150, ar-Razi in his Tafsir, vol. 4 p. 401, Majma’ al-Bayan by at-Tabarsi, vol. 2 p. 152, ad-Durr al-Mantur, vol. 6 p. 117.

[11] Encyclopedia of al-Ghadeer.

[12] Musnad of Ahmed bin Hanbal, vol. 4 p. 281.

[13] Qur'an, 5:3.

[14] This tradition is agreed on by most of historians and narrators.

[15] The Influence of Shiism in the Arabic Literature, p. 25.

[16] Qur'an, 39:9.

The immortal disaster

[1] Al-Bidayeh wen-Nihayeh, vol. 5 p. 226.

[2] Encyclopedia of Imam Ameerul Mo'minin Ali bin Abi Talib, vol. 2 p. 62.

[3] As-Sawa’iq al-Muhriqah, vol. 2 p. 361.

[4] Encyclopedia of Imam Ameerul Mo'minin Ali bin Abi Talib, vol. 2 p. 85, Kanzol Ummal, vol. 5 p.312, Tabaqat ibn Sa’d, vol. 4 p. 46, Tareekh al-Khamees, vol. 2 p. 46.

[5] Three miles from Medina towards Sham.

[6] As-Seera al-Halabiyyah, vol. 3 p. 342.

[7] Sunan of al-Bayhaqi, vol. 10 p. 111.

[8] It was Umar bin al-Khattab as most historians have mentioned in their books.

[9] All historians and narrators have mentioned this painful event. Al-Bukhari mentioned it many times in his Sahih vol. 4 p. 68-69, vol. 6 p. 8, but he concealed the sayer’s name. In Nihaya of Ibn al-Atheer and Sharh Nahjol Balagha by ibn Abil Hadeed, vol. 3 p. 194, the name of the sayer was mentioned and it was Umar bin al-Khattab.

[10] Qur'an, 53:2-5.

[11] Qur'an, 81:19-20.

[12] Musnad of Ahmed bin Hanbal, vol. 1 p. 355, and others.

[13] The Life of Imam al-Hasan bin Ali, vol. 1 p. 128 quoted from Kanzol Ummal, vol. 7 p. 110, Sharh Nahjol Balagha, vol. 4 p. 4.

[14] Ansab al-Ashraf, part one, vol. 1 p. 133.

[15] Ibid.

[16] Qur'an, 3:144.

[17] Ansab al-Ashraf, vol. 1 p. 133.

[18] Amali of Sheikh as-Saduq, p. 119.

[19] Durratul Nassihin, p. 66.

[20] Manaqib Aal Abi Talib, vol. 1 p. 29. Many reliable sources have mentioned that when the Prophet (a.s.) died, his head was in Imam Ali’s lap. Refer to at-Tabaqat al-Kubra, vol. 2 p. 51, Majma’ az-Zawa’id, vol. 1 p. 293, Kanzol Ummal, vol. 4 p. 55, Thakha’ir al-Uqba, p. 94, ar-Riyadh an-Nadhirah, vol. 2 p. 219.

[21] Ansab al-Ashraf, vol. 1 p.574.

[22] Tareekh al-Khamees, vol. 2 p. 192.

[23] Siyer A’lam an-Nubala’, 2 p. 88, Sunan ibn Maja, vol. 1 p. 511.

[24] Nahjol Balagha, vol. 2 p. 255.

[25]Al-Bidayeh wen Nihayeh, vol. 5 p. 263.

[26] At-Tabaqat al-Kubra, vol. 2 p. 63.

[27] Al-Bidayeh wen Nihayeh, vol. 5 p. 261.

[28] Hilyatul Awliya’, vol. 4 p. 77.

[29] Kanzol Ummal, vol. 4 p. 54.

[30] Nahjol Balagha, vol. 3 p. 224.

[31] Encyclopedia of Imam Ameerul Mo'minin Ali bin Abi Talib, vol. 2 p. 96-97.