Alhassanain(p) Network for Heritage and Islamic Thought

Endnotes

INTRODUCTION

[1] Al-Fiqh al-Islami, Medkhel li Diraset Nizam al-Mu'amelat, p. 160.

[2] Qur'an, Surat al-Shura, verse 23.

[3] Al-Razi, Tefseer, vol. 7, p. 406. Al-Durr al-Menthur, vol. 7, p. 7. Al-Nisaburi, Tefseer. Abu Na'eem has narrated through his chain of authority on the authority of Jabir, who said: "A Bedouin came to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and his family, and said to him: 'O Muhammed, show me Islam, and he said to him: 'You should bear witness that there is no god but Allah, the One without a partner, and that Muhammed is His servant and His Apostle.' He asked: 'Do you ask of me any reward for it?' He answered: 'No, but love for near relatives.' He asked: 'My or your relatives?' He replied: 'My relatives.' Give (me your hand) to pledge allegiance to you. May Allah's curse be upon those who do not love you and your relatives. The Apostle, may Allah bless him and his family, said: 'Amen!'"

[4] .Al-Turmidhi, Seheeh, vol. 2, p. 308. Asad al-Ghaba, vol. 2, p. 12.

[5] Heyat al-Imam al-Hasan, vol. 1, p. 90.

[6] Mejjma' al-Zewa'id, vol. 9, p. 168.

[7] Al-Muraja'at, p. 54.

[8] Ibid., pp. 40-41.

[9] Ibid., p. 144.

[10] Shaykh Muhammed 'Abda, Nahjj al-Balagha, vol. 2, p. 259.

[11] Al-Hashimiyat.

[12] Al-Tenbih wa al-Radd 'alaa Ahl al-Buda', p. 14.

[13] Al-Kashi, Rijal, p. 298.

[14] Al-Luhuf, p. 33.

[15] Maqatil al-Talibiyyin.

[16] 'Aqa'id al-Zaydiya.

[17] Sharh al-Nahjj, vol. 3, p. 15.

[18] Al-Hashimiyat.

Chapter 1: His Birth and His Childhood

[1] Al-Aghani, vol. 4, p. 150.

[2] Al-'Aqd al-Fereed, vol. 4., p. 160.

[3] Ibn al-Atheer, al-Kamil, vol. 5, p. 84.

[4] 'Ayan al-Shi'a, vol. 4, p. 480.

[5] Murjj al-Dhahab, vol. 3, p. 316.

[6] Al-Ithaf bi Hub al-Ashraf, p. 55.

[7] Al-Nefha al-'Anbariya, p. 15. It is a handwritten book and is available in the Public Library of Imam Kashif al-Ghta'. It has been mentioned in it that her name was Nabbata.

[8] Usool al-Kafi, vol. 1, p. 476. Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 11, p. 232.

[9] Mir'at al-'Uqool, vol. 1, p. 451. Ma'lim al-'Ittra.

[10] Keshf al-Ghumma, vol. 3, p. 2.

[11] A'lam al-Wara. Bihar al-Anwar. In al-Menaqib vol. 4, p. 323, her name is Hamida al-Musaffat (the purified one), daughter of Sa'id al-Berberi.

[12] Mukhtasar Akhbar al-Kulafa', p. 39.

[13] Al-Sayyid Damin b. Shaddqam, Tuhfat al-Azhar wa Zulal al-Anhar. It is a handwritten book and is available in the Library of Imam Kashif al-Ghita'.

[14] Al-Anwar al-Behiyya, p. 87.

[15] Bihar al-Anwar, vol., 11, p. 232. Usool al-Kafi, vol. 1, p. 477. A'yan al-Shi'a, second part of vol. 4, p. 5.

[16] Al-Anwar al-Behiyya, p. 78.

[17] Al-Abwa' is a village in Medina. The gave of the pure one Amina b. Wahab, mother of the great Prophet, may Allah bless him and his family, is in it. It was said that it was called al-Abwa' because many epidemics happened in it. Thabit, a linguist, said that it was named al-Abwa' because it was full of floods. This justification is good. Mu'jam al-Buldan, vol. 1, p. 92.

[19] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 11, p. 230. Dela'il al-Imama.

[20] Wafayat al-A'yan, vol. 4, p. 395.

[21] Tehdhib al-Tehdhib, vol. 10, p. 34. Al-Tebeqat al-Kubra, vol. 1, p. 33. Noor al-Abbsar, p. 135. Al-Menaqib, vol. 4, 323. Keshf al-Ghumma, vol. 3, p. 2.

[22] A'yan al-Shi'a, vol. 4, p. 3. It has been mentioned in Tuhfat al-Azhar that he was born before the rise of dawn of Tuesday, in the month of Sefer, in the year 127 A. H. It has been mentioned in Behar al-Ansab that he was born on Sunday, Sefer 7. A narration similar to this has been mentioned in the book al-Durus.

[23] A'yan al-Shi'a, vol. 4, p. 3.

[24] Dela'il al-Imama, pp. 49-50.

[25] Al-Ithaf bi Hub al-Ashraf, p. 54.

[26] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 11, p. 237.

[27] Ibn al-Sebbagh, al-Fusool al-Muhimma. Akhbar al-Duwal, p. 112.

[28] 'Umdat al-Talib, p. 185. Al-Nefha al-'Anberiya, p. 15. In it the author has added that he was self-possessed and open handed.

[29] A'yan al-Shi'a, vol. 4, p. 9.

[30] Al-Menaqib, vol. 4, p. 318.

[31] Seqeta al-Zind.

[32] Akhbar al-Duwal, p. 112.

[33] Ibid., p. 133.

[34] Tuhfat al-Azhar wa Zulal al-Anhar.

[35] Al-Kuna wa al-Alqab, vol. 1, p. 167.

[36] Mukhteser Tarikh al-'Arab, p. 209.

[37] Tarikh Baghdad, vol. 1, p. 120. Al-Shi'a wa al-Tarikh.

[38] Tuhfat al-'Alam, vol. 2, p. 20.

[39] Al-Sayyid Mehdi Behr al-'Uloom, Divan. It is a handwritten book and is available in the Library of al-'Allama al-Sayyid Sadiq Behr al-'Uloom.

[40] 'Abd al-Baqi, Divan, p. 133.

[41] Al-Nijoom al-Zahira.

[42] Tarikh Baghdad.

[43] Al-Jewahiri, Divan, vol. 3, pp. 177-178.

Chapter II: His Genius and Superiority

[1] Surat Nuh, verse 26.

[2] Al-Nizam al-Terbewi fi al-Islam.

[3] 'Ilm al-Nefs fi al-Heyat.

[4] Tehdhib al-Tehdhib, vol. 2, p. 104.

[5] Al-Menaqib, vol. 2, p. 147.

[6] UNISCO, the Effects of Family and Society on the Young under 13, p. 35.

[7] Mejelet Heyatek, vol. 6, p. 157, an Essay by Professor Thorindik.

[8] Professor Ayat Allah al-'Uzma al-Sayyid Abu al-Qasim al-Khu'I has explained these affairs and given more proofs of them. That is in his researches in Science of Islamic Fundamentals ('Ilm al-Usool). He has given decisive proofs of that compulsion and authorization are invalid. He has established the affair between two affairs in which the Imams of Ahl al-Bayt believed. I (the author) have mentioned that in my book Teqrirat Ayat Allah al-Khu'I in Science of Islamic Fundamentals ('Ilm al-Usool).

[9] Al-Murteda, Amali, vol. 1, pp. 105-106. Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 4, p. 1049.

[10] De'a'im al-Islam, p. 64.

[11] Herekat al-Shi'a, p. 73.

[12] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 11, p. 237.

[13] Al-Menaqib, vol. 2, p. 380.

Chapter III: School of Imam al-Sadiq

[1] Te'sees al-Shi'a li 'Uloom al-Islam, p. 232.

[2] A'yan al-Shi'a, vol., part 2, pp. 34-35.

[3] Al-Nejashi, Rijal, p. 5.

[4] Heyat al-Imam al-Hasan, vol. 2, p. 280. It has been quoted from Ibn 'Asakir's History.

[5] Al-Zuhri has said: "I have never seen a Qereshi better than 'Ali b. al-Husayn." He has also said: "I have never seen anyone greater in jurisprudence than him." Ibn Weheb has said on the authority of Malik: "There was none among the household of the Apostle, may Allah bless him and his family, like 'Ali b. al-Husayn."

[6] Tehdhib al-Tehdhib, vol. 7, p. 305.

[7] He was given the nickname of al-Baqir because he was well-versed in knowledge. It was the Prophet, may Allah bless him and his family, who had given him this nickname before he, peace be on him, was born. Jabir b. 'Abd Allah al-Ansari narrated on the authority of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and his family, who has said: "It will happen that you will live until you meet one of my children descended from al-Husayn, called Muhammed, who will spilt wide open knowledge. When you meet him, recite my greeting to him." A narration similar to this in meaning has been mentioned in Ibn Qutayba' 'Uyoon al-Akhbar, vol., p. 212.

[8] Al-Ithaf bi Hub al-Ashraaf, p. 52.

[9] Mir'at al-Jinan, vol., p. 248.

[10] Al-Keshi, Rijal, p. 88.

[11] Ibid., p. 112.

[12] Ibid., p. 113.

[13] Ibid., p. 117.

[14] Tehdhib al-Tehdhib, vol.9, p. 350.

[15] Al-Sendubi, Resaa'il al-Jaahiz, p. 106.

[16] Al-Sewa'iq al-Muhriqa, p. 120.

[17] Ja'far Bin Muhammed, p. 59.

[18] Al-Irshad. A'lam al-Wara. Al-Mu'tabar. Al-Anwar. Al-Dhikra.

[19] Al-Sewa'iq al-Muhriqa, p. 120.

[20] Tarikh al-Kufa, p. 40.

[21] Imam al-Sadiq wa al-Medhahib al-Arba'a, vol. 1, p. 62.

[22] Al-Hasan b. 'Ali b. Ziyad al-Washsha' was Bejeli and Kufi. He was among the great figures of this sect. He devoted himself to Imam al-Rida, peace be on him. He is regarded as among his loyal companions. He wrote many books of which were: Thawab al-Hajj, al-Manasik, al-Nawadir, Masa'il al-Rida, and others. This has been mentioned in the book al-Ta'liqat, p. 103.

[23] Al-Mejalis al-Seniya, vol. 5, p. 28.

[24] Ja'far Bin Muhammed, p. 59.

[25] Tarikh al-Kufa, p. 408.

[26] Wasa'il al-Shi'a. Kitab al-Shehadat, Chapter 8.

[27] Ibn al-Nedim, Fihrast, p. 308.

[28] Ibid., p. 250. Shaykh al-Tusi, Fihrast, p. 121.

[29] Our friend, late, Shaykh Muhammed al-Khalili has commented on it and fully explained it. He has shown the sciences and the secrets and the medical researches that agree with modern science. He has entitled it Amali Imam al-Sadiq. It is in two volumes.

[30] Al-A'lam, vol. 1, p. 186, first edition. Mir'at al-Jinan, vol. 1, p. 304.

[31] Al-Ilhad fi al-Islam, p. 189.

[32] Al-Thari'a, vol. 6, pp. 301-374.

[33] Al-A'lam, vol. 1, p. 186. Al-Tuhfa al-Ithna 'Ashariya, p. 8.

[34] Al-Tawassil wa al-Wasila, p. 52.

[35] Ibid.

[36] Imam al-Sadiq wa al-Medhahib al-Arba'a, vol. 3, p. 13.

[37] Al-Dhahabi, Tadhkirat al-Hafiz.

[38] Al-Zarqani, Sharh al-Muwatta', vol. 1, p. 8.

[39] Al-Zawi, Manaqib Malik.

[40] Al-Maqrizi, Khutat, vol. 4, p. 144.

[41] Ibn al-Qaya, al-Mukafa'a, p. 63.

[42] Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq, pp. 79-80. An account similar to it has been mentioned in Hulyat al-Awliya', vol. 3, p. 135.

[43] Tuhaf al-'Uqul, p. 76.

[44] Al-Kafi, Chapter on Oppression.

[45] Al-Saduq, al-Khisal.

[46] Al-Kafi, al-Rouda.

[47] Al-Kafi, Usool, vol. 2, p. 209.

[48] Al-Shaykh al-Tusi, al-Majalis.

[49] Al-Kafi, Usool, vol. 2, p 76.

[50] Ibid.

[51] Al-Sayyid b. Tawus is a great Sayyid, knowledgeable, worshipper. His name is Rady al-Deen Abu al-Qasim 'Ali b. Sa'd al-Deen b. Ibrahim al-Husayni. He lived in al-Hilla. He was given the nickname of al-Tawus due to the beauty of his face and the coarseness of his legs. He was among the great and notable Sayyids. He was their head. He had many books indicating his abundant knowledge. His good qualities and his knowledge have been mentioned by al-Sayyid Muhammed Baqir al-Khunsari in his book Roudat al-Jinan, vol. 3, pp. 43-47. In the book al-Kuna wa al-Alqab, vol. 1, p. 338, it has been mentioned: "Sayyid Ibn Tawus undertook the affairs of the union of the Talibiyyin. He sat in a green dome and the people visited him. He died on Monday, Dhi al-Qi'da 5th, in the year 664.

[52] Al-Anwar al-Behiyya, p. 19.

Chapter IV: His Ideals

[1] Al-Siyasa al-Shar'iya, pp. 172-173.

[2] Al-Milal wa al-Ahwa', vol. 4, 87.

[3] The tradition has been narrated by Muslim and al-Kisa'i.

[4] Al-Muqaddama, p. 151.

[5] Surat Sad, verse 26.

[6] Al-Bukhari, vol. 9, 62. Muslim, vol. 12, 213.

[7] Al-Turmidhi, Sahih, vol. 6, p. 73.

[8] Ma'athir al-Anafa fi Ma'lim al-Khilafa, vol. 1, p. 59.

[9] Dawlat al-Qur'an, p. 82.

[10] Al-Ahkam al-Sultaniya, p. 4. Al-Muqaddama, p. 135.

[11] Surat al-Ahzab, verse 33.

[12] We have fully explained the meaning of the verse in the first volume of the book Hayat al-Imam al-Hasan, pp. 69-74.

[13] Al-Islam, pp. 283-285.

[14] 'Aqa'id al-Imamiya, pp. 51-54.

[15] Asl al-Shi'a wa Usoolaha, p. 103, al- 'Urfan edition.

[16] Surat Saad, verse 26.

[17] Surat al-Qasas, verse 68.

[18] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 13, p. 127.

[19] Surat al-An'am, verse 38.

[20] Surat al-Ma'ida, verse 3.

[21] Surat al-Anbiya', verses 72-73.

[22] Surat Aal 'Uumran, verse 68.

[23] Surat al-Rum, verse 56.

[24] Surat al-Qasas, verse 68.

[25] Surat al-Ahzab, verse 36.

[26] Surat al-Qalam, verses 36-41.

[27] Surat Muhammed, verse 24.

[28] Surat al-Anfal, verses 21-23.

[29] Surat al-Baqara, verse 93.

[30] Surat al-Hadeed, verse 21.

[31] Surat Yunus, verse 35.

[32] Surat al-Baqara, verse 269.

[33] Surat al-Baqara, verse 247.

[34] Surat al-Nisa', verses 54-55.

[35] Surat al-Qasas, verse 50.

[36] Surat Muhammed, verse 8.

[37] Surat al-Mu'min, verse 35.

[38] 'Uyoon Akhbar al-Rida, vol. 1, pp. 216-222. Usool al-Kafi.

[39] Kanz al-'Ummal vol. 6, p. 392.

[40] Ibid., p. 154.

[41] Hulyat al-Awliya', vol. 1, p. 63.

[42] Kanz al-'Ummal vol. 6, p. 153. Majjma', vol. 8, p. 353.

[43] Al-Riyad al-Nadira, vol. 2, p. 178.

[44] Ibid. In al-Manawi's Kunuz al-Haqa'iq, p. 121, it has been mentioned that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and his family, has said: "Every prophet had a testamentary trustee and an inheritor. And 'Ali is my testamentary trustee and inheritor."

[45] Al-Ithaf Bihub al-Ashraf, vol. 129. Nezhat al-Mejalis, vol. 2, p. 184.

[46] Minhajj al-Sunna, vol. 4, p. 210.

[47] Al-Muraja't, p. 228.

[48] Saheeh Muslim, Kitab al-Imara. Musnad al-Imam Ahmed b. Hanbal, vol. 5, p. 89. Saheeh al-Bukhari, vol. 4, p. 164.

[49] Al-Muraja't, p. 227.

[50] Hulyat al-Awliya', vol. 1, 86.

[51] Kashf al-Ghumma, p. 151. Usool al-Kafi.

[52] We will mention his biography when we talk about some of the Imam's narrators and companions.

[53] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 11, p. 234. Al-Irshad.

[54] His biography will come.

[55] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 11, p. 234.

[56] Ibid.

[57] Usool al-Kafi, vol. 1, p. 309, vol. 11, p. 234.

[58] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 11, 235.

[59] Usool al-Kafi, vol. 1, p. 309. Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 11, p. 235.

[60] Mu'adh Bin Kuthayr al-Kisa'i was among the special group of Imam Abu 'Abd Allah. He is among the jurists and great figures of the Shi'ite sect. This has been mentioned in al-Ta'liqat, p. 335.

[61] Kashf al-Ghumma, p. 244. Usool al-Kafi, vol. 1, p. 308. Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 235. Al-Irshad, p. 264.

[62] Usool al-Kafi, vol. 1, p. 309.

[63] Al-Irshad, p. 265. Usool al-Kafi, vol. 1, p.310.

[64] Kashf al-Ghumma, p. 244. Al-Irshad, p. 265. Bihar al-Anwar.

[65] Kashf al-Ghumma, p. 244. Al-Irshad, p. 266.

[66] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 11, p. 236.

[67] Ibid., p. 237.

[68] Zarara b. A'yun al-Shaybani was among the leading Shi'ites and on top of their religious scholars in jurisprudence, tradition, and theology, as Ibn al-Nadeem said. Imam Abu 'Abd Allah was so proud of him that he appointed him as a jurist to give religious decisions to the Shi'ites. He said to al-Fayd b. al-Mukhtar: "If you want a tradition, take it from this sitting one." He indicated to Zarara with his hand. He, peace be on him, said: "Were it not for Zarara and the like of him, my father's traditions would come to an end." Zarara narrated many traditions on the jurist of Ahl al-Bayt. All what he narrated were correct and acceptable. As he had close relationship with Ahl al-Bayt, his opponents criticized him. They accused him of many accusations and criticism. However, they did not degrade his position and his dignity. For all the people know that Zarara served knowledge and religion. He, may Allah have mercy on him, died in the year 150 A. H. See his biography in Al-Keshi, al-Najashi, al-Fihrast, al-Ta'liqat, Lisan al-Mizan, and the like.

[69] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 11, p. 237.

[70] Ibid., p. 227.

[71] Zareef b. Nasih was a Kufan. He grew up in Baghdad. He is reliable in traditions. He wrote many books of which were al-Diyat, al-Hudud, al-Nawadir. This has been mentioned in the book al-Ta'liqat, p. 186.

[72] Zayd b. 'Ali, p. 193. It has been quoted from the book Qurb al-Isnad, a handwritten book.

[73] Farid Wajjdi, Da'irat al-Ma'rif, vol. 9, p. 594. Al-Milal wa al-Nihal.

[74] Ibid.

[75] Al-Irshad, p. 272.

[76] Saffwat al-Safwa, vol. 2, p. 98.

[77] Jawhart al-Kalam, vol. 2, p. 98.

[78] Kashf al-Ghumma, p. 276.

[79] Wafayat al-A'yan, vol. 4, p. 293. Kanz al-Lugha, p. 766.

[80] Wafayat al-A'yan, vol. 4, p. 293. Al-Manaqib, vol. 2, p. 379.

[81] Al-Shaybani's name is Abu 'Abd Allah Muhammed b. al-Hasan. He was the retainer of the Banu Shayban. He attended the assembly of Abu Hanifa for two years. He studied Islamic jurisprudence under Abu Yousif. He wrote many books. He spread the knowledge of Abu Hanifa. Al-Shafi'i has said: "I have took from the knowledge of Muhammed b. al-Husayn as equal as a camel's load." He has also said: "When someone asked (me) a question, I knew the hatred on his face except Muhammed b. al-Husayn." Al-Shaybani died in al-Ray in the year 187 A. H. He was then fifty-eight years old. This has been mentioned in the book Tabaqat al-Fuqaha'

[82] Al-Rabi' b. Yunus was the chamberlain of al-Mansur. Then he became his minister after Abu Ayyub. Al-Mansur inclined to him and depended on him very much.

[83] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 11, p. 298.

[84] Abi al-Fida', Tarikh, vol. 2, p. 12.

[85] Al-Anwar al-Bahiyya, p. 93.

[86] He was among the great worshippers and ascetics in the Islamic world. In the beginning, he was a doubter, and then he turned to Allah in a sincere repentance. He gave as alms his money amounted three hundred thousand dirhams. He also gave as alms his three hundred villages. When he died as a martyr at the Battle of Golan, he had no shroud. He wore coarse woolen garments for twenty years. He said: "I have put the Qur'an into practice for twenty years, to the extent that I have distinguished the world from the hereafter through one these words of Him, the Exalted: And whatever things you have been given are only a provision of this world's life and its adornment, and whatever is with Allah is better and more lasting. He died as a martyr at the Battle of Golan in the year 194 A. H.

[87] Akhbar al-Duwal, p. 112. Jawharat al-Kalam, pp. 140-141.

[88] Matalib al-Sa'ul, p. 84. Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 11, p. 55. Al-Manaqib.

[89] Al-Manaqib, vol. 2, p. 379.

[90] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 11, p. 265.

[91] Kashf al-Ghumma, p. 247.

[92] Yousif b. Hatam al-Shami, al-Durr al-Nazim. It is a precious handwritten book available in the Library of al-Hakim.

[93] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 11, p. 265.

[94] Usool al-Kafi, vol. 2, p. 134.

[95] Tarikh Baghdad, vol. 13, p. 28. Kanz al-Lugha, p. 766.

[96] 'Umdat al-Talib, p. 185.

[97] Tarikh Baghdad, vol. 13, p. 27.

[98] Ibid., 28.

[99] Ibid., pp. 29-30. Al-Bidaya wa al-Nihaya, vol. 10, p. 183.

[100] Ibid., p. 29. Kashf al-Ghumma, p. 243.

[101] Al-Wasa'il, Chapter on al-Amr bi al-Ma'ruf.

[102] Qur'an, Surat Saad, verse 39.

[103] Furu' al-Kafi, Baab al-Wala'im.

[104] Al-Wasa'il.

[105] Al-Nizam al-Tarbawi fi al-Islam.

[106] Tarikh Baghdad, vol. 13, pp. 28-29. Kashf al-Ghumma, p. 247.

[107] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 11, p. 277.

[108] Ibn al-Sabbagh, al-Fusool al-Muhimma, p. 220.

[109] Al-Kuna wa al-Aqab, vol. 2, p. 150.

[110] Tarikh Baghdad, vol. 7, p. 73.

[111] Al-Kawakib al-Durriya, vol. 1, p. 208.

[112] Tarikh Baghdad, vol. 7, p. 77.

[113] Bishr died in Baghdad in the year 227. His grave is beside the Mesjid of al-Imam al-'Azam.

[114] Al-Manaqib, vol. 3, p. 407, al-Najaf edition.

[115] Al-Ithaf Bihub al-Ashraf, p. 55.

Chapter V: Statements and Opinions

[1] Muhammed Farid Wajjdi, Da'irat al-Ma'rif, vol. 9, p. 594.

[2] Yanabi' al-Mawada, vol. 3, p. 32.

[3] Mukhtasar Akhbar al-Khulafa', p. 39.

[4] Mir'at al-Jinan, vol. 1, p. 394.

[5] Mukhtar Saffwat al-Safwa, p. 152.

[6] Tahdhib al-Tahdhib, vol. 10, p. 34.

[7] Akhbar al-Duwal, p. 112.

[8] Mizan al-I'tidal, vol. 3, p. 209.

[9] Al-A'lam, vol. 3, p. 108.

[10] Al-Nur al-Jali fi Nasab al-Nabi, p. 97.

[11] Khulasat Tahdhib al-Kamil, p. 334.

[12] Al-Taqreeb, p. 366.

[13] Ahsan al-Qasas, vol. 4, p. 132.

[14] Sharh Zahr al-Adab, vol. 1, p. 132.

[15] Al-Fusool al-Muhimma, p. 214.

[16] 'Alam al-Wara fi 'Alam al-Huda, p. 178.

[17] Tarikh al-'Alawiyyin, pp. 157-158.

[18] Sabk al-Dhahab fi Sabk al-Nasab.

[19] Al-Nafha al-'Anbariya fi Ansab Khayr al-Bariya, vol. 2, p. 383.

[20] Al-Manaqib, vol. 2, p. 383.

[21] Tuhfat al-Azhar wa Zalal al-Anhar.

[22] Al-Majjdi, a valuable handwritten book available in the Library of Imam Kashif al-Ghita'.

[23] Is'f al-Raghibeen, p. 213.

[24] Al-Sawa'iq al-Muhriqa, p. 121.

[25] Al-Ya'qubi, Tarikh, vol. 3, p. 145.

[26] Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, p. 33.

[27] Jami' Karamat al-Awliya', vol. 2, p. 229.

[28] Matalib al-Sa'ul, p. 83, Iran edition.

[29] Al-Irshad, p. 271.

[30] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 11, p. 265.

[31] Nur al-Abbsar, p. 135.

[32] Kashf al-Ghumma, p. 255.

[33] Tarikh Baghdad, vol. 13, pp. 27-28.

[34] Al-Fiqh al-Islami, p. 160.

[35] Yanabi' al-Mawadda, p. 362.

[36] 'Umdat al-Talib, p. 185.

[37] Jawharat al-Kalam fi Madh al-Sada al-A'lam, p. 139.

[38] Saba'ik al-Dhahab, p. 73.

[39] Harun al-Rashid, vol. 1, p. 177.

[40] Al-Nijoom al-Zahira, vol. 2, p. 112.

Chapter VI: Some of His Intellectual Legacy

[1] Shaykh Mullah Sadra's name is Muhammed b. Ibrahim al-Shirazi. He was wise, famous and had knowledge of Allah. He was the most knowledgeable of the people of his time in wisdom. The author of the book al-Salafa has said: "He (Mullah Sadra) mastered all arts of wisdom." Mullah Sadra has the four books. He explained the book Usool al-Kafi and some Qur'anic verses. He died in Basrah in the year 1050 A. H. This has been mentioned in the book al-Kuna wa al-Alqab.

[2] Qur'an, Surat al-Zumer, verses 17-18.

[3] Surat al-Baqara, verses 163-164.

[4] Tafseer al-Manar, vol. 2, p. 60.

[5] Allah Yatajalla fi 'Asr al-'Ilm, p. 48.

[6] Ibid., p. 48.

[7] Al-Takamul fi al-Islam, vol. 4, p. 66.

[8] Allah Yatajalla fi 'Asr al-'Ilm, pp. 10-11.

[9] Al-Takamul fi al-Islam, vol. 6, p.128.

[10] Al-Ard wa al-Turba al-Husayniya, pp. 10-13.

[11] Tafseer al-Razi, vol. 2, pp. 65-66.

[12] Ibid., p. 68.

[13] Allah wa al-'Ilm al-Hadith. Al-Saduq, Amali. Allah Yatajalla fi 'Asr al-'Ilm. Al-'Ilm yad'u ila al-Iman.

[14] Al-Tabari, Tafseer, vol. 2, p. 65.

[15] Qur'an, Surat al-Hajer, verses 22.

[16] Allah wa al-'Ilm al-Hadith, pp. 174-175.

[17] Tafseer al-Jawahir, vol. 1, p. 155.

[18] Qur'an, Surat al-Nahl, verse 12.

[19] Surat al-Mu'min, verse 67.

[20] He has derived this from the meaning of the verse 4, Surat al-Jathiya.

[21] Qur'an, Surat al-Hadeed, verse 17.

[22] Surat al-Ra'd, verse 4.

[23] Ibid, Surat al-Rum, verse 24.

[24] Surat al-An'am, verse 151.

[25] Surat al-Rum, verse 28.

[26] Surat al-Rum, verse 32.

[27] Surat al-Saffat, verses 136, 137, 138.

[28] Surat al-'Anqabut, verses 33-34.

[29] Ibn Kuthayr, Tafseer, vol. 4, p. 20.

[30] Rooh al-Ma'ani, vol. 7, p. 313.

[31] Qur'an, Surat al-'Anqabut, verse, 43.

[32] Al-Razi, Tafseer.

[33] Qur'an, Surat al-Baqara, verse 169.

[34] Surat al-Baqara, verse 171.

[35] Surat Yunus, verse 42.

[36] Surat al-Furqan, verse 44.

[37] Surat al-Hashr, verse 14.

[38] Surat al-Baqara, verse 44.

[39] Al-Tibyan, vol. 1, p. 188, Iran edition.

[40] Al-Manar, vol. 1, p. 100.

[41] Majjma' al-Bayan, vol. 1, p. 98.

[42] Qur'an, Surat Luqman, verse 25.

[43] Surat al-'Anqabut, verse 63.

[44] Rooh al-Ma'ani, vol. 6, p. 423.

[45] Qur'an, Surat Saba', verse, 13.

[46] Surat Saad, verse 24.

[47] Surat Ghafir, verse 28.

[48] Surat al-An'am, verse 37.

[49] Surat al-Ma'ida, verse 103.

[50] Surat al-Baqara, verse 269.

[51] Surat Aal 'Umran, verse 7.

[52] Surat Aal 'Umran, verse 190.

[53] Surat al-Ra'd, verse 19.

[54] Surat al-Zumer, verse 9.

[55] Surat Saad, verse 29.

[56] Surat Ghafir, verse 53.

[57] Surat al-Dhariyat, verse 55.

[58] It means that both clear and ambiguous verses issued from Allah.

[59] Qur'an., Surat Qaaf, verse 37.

[60] Surat Luqman, verse 12..

[61] Al-Waafi.

[62] Usool al-Kafi, vol. 1, pp. 13-20. It has also been mentioned in the book al-Waafi, vol. 1, p. 26-28.

[63] Tuhaf al-'Uqool, pp. 390-400.

[64] Usool al-Kafi, vol. 1, pp. 139-140.

[65] Al-Sihah. Al-Qamoos. Asas al-Balagha.

[66] Al-Bidaya, vol. 1, p. 109.

[67] Shaykh al-Kulayni has narrated it on the authority of Abu Basir. Al-Waafi, Chapter on al-Bida', vol. 1, p. 113.

[68] Shaykh al-Kulayni has narrated it on the authority of al-Fudayl b. Yasar on the authority of Abu Ja'far. Ibid.

[69] Al-Bayan fi Tafseer al-Qur'an, vol. 1, pp. 271-276.

[70] Sharh Usool al-Kafi.

[71] Al-Razi, Tafseer.

[72] Fajjr al-Islam, vol. 1, p. 354.

[73] Usool al-Kafi, vol. 2, pp. 38-39.

[74] A'yan al-Shi'a, vol. 4, p. 57.

[75] Qur'an, Surat al-Jumm'a, verse 10.

[76] Al-'Amal wa Huqooq al-'Amil fi al-Islam, p. 135.

[77] Men Laa Yahdarahu al-Fadeeh, vol. 3, p. 53.

[78] Al-'Amal wa Huqooq al-'Aamil fi al-Islam, p. 140.

[79] Al-Wasaa'il, Chapter on al-Amr fi al-Ma'ruf wa al-Nahy 'an al-Munker.

[80] Ibid.

[81] Usool al-Kafi, vol. 2, p. 553.

[82] Muhajj al-Da'wat, pp. 67-72.

[83] Usool al-Kafi, vol. 2, p. 553.

[84] Ibid., p. 373.

[85] Muhajj al-Da'awat, p. 373.

[86] Al-Waafi, vol. 3, p. 78.

[87] Al-Durr al-Nazim.

[88] Tuhaf al-'Uqool, p. 409.

[89] Al-Ithaf Bihub al-Ashraf, p. 55.

[90] Nizhat al-Nazir fi Tenbeeh al-Khatir, p. 45.

[91] Zahr al-Adab, vol. 1, p. 132.

[92] Abu Yousif's name is Ya'qub b. Ibrahim al-Ansari. He was born in the year 113 A. H. He died in Baghdad in the year 282 A. H. He was a traditionist, and then he followed opinion. He studied jurisprudence under 'Abd al-Rahman b. Abi Layla and Abu Hanifa. He was appointed as a judge by Harun al-Rashid. This has been mentioned in Tabaqat al-Fuqaha', p. 113.

[93] Al-Manaqib, vol. 3, p. 429.

[94] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 12, p. 283.

[95] Qur'an Surat al-Anfal, vol. 72.

[96] Surat al-An'am, verses 84-85.

[97] Surat Aal 'Umran, verse 60.

[98] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 12, pp. 274-275.

[99] Qur'an, Surat al-An'am, vol. 149.

[100] Tuhaf al-'Uqool, pp. 407-408.

[101] Al-Manaqib, vol. 3, pp. 427-429.

[102] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 4, p. 148.

[103] Ibid, vol. 4, p. 147.

[104] Al-Manaqib, vol. 3, p. 427.

[105] Al-Amali, p. 150.

[106] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 11, p. 286.

Chapter VII: The Collapse of the Umayyad Government

[1] Hayat al-Imam al-Husayn b. 'Ali, vol. 2, p. 336.

[2] Ibn Abi al-Haddeed, Sharh Nahjj al-Balagha, vol. 3, p. 336.

[3] Hayat al-Imam al-Husayn.

[4] 'Aqaa'id al-Zaydiya.

[5] Ibn Abi al-Haddeed, Sharh Nahjj al-Balagha, vol. 3, p. 15.

[6] Ibid.

[7] Hayat al-Imam al-Husayn b. 'Ali, vol. 2, p. 348.

[8] Mukhtasar Tarikh al-'Arab, p. 75.

[9] Ibn 'Asakir, Tarikh, vol. 6, p. 407.

[10] Ibn Abi al-Haddeed, Sharh Nahjj al-Balagha, vol. 2, p. 357.

[11] Hayat al-Imam al-Husayn b. 'Ali, vol. 2, p. 149.

[12] Tabaqat al-Shu'ara', pp. 37-38.

[13] Tarikh al-Islam al-Siyasi, vol. 1, p. 398.

[14] Muluk al-Tawa'if wa Nazarat fi Tarikh al-Islam, p. 381.

[15] Al-Jahshyari, pp. 51-52.

[16] Tarikh al-Harakat al-Fikriya fi al-Islam, p. 42.

[17] Ibid.

[18] Al-Tabari, Tarikh, vol. 8, p. 129. Ibn al-Athir, Tarikh, vol. 5, p. 23.

[19] Al-Wizara' wa al-Kittaab, p. 24.

[20] Tarikh al-Harakat al-Fikriya fi al-Islam, p. 42. Tarikh al-Tamaddin al-Islami, vol. 2, p. 22.

[21] Tarikh al-Tamaddin al-Islami, vol. 2, p. 21.

[22] Tarikh al-Harakat al-Fikriya fi al-Islam, p. 42.

[23] Tarikh al-Tamaddin al-Islami, vol. 4, pp. 79-80.

[24] Ibid., p. 79.

[25] Tarikh al-Islam, vol. 1, p. 474.

[26] Al-Wizara' wa al-Kittaab, p. 118.

[27] Al-Tabari, Tarikh, vol. 8, p. 129.

[28] Al-Idara al-Islamiya, p. 114.

[29] Al-Ya'qubi, Tarikh, vol. 2, p. 55.

[30] Hayat al-Imam al-Hasan, vol. 2, p. 202.

[31] Al-Jahiz, al-Bayyan wa al-Tabiyyin, vol. 3, p. 358.

[32] Ibid., 359.

[33] Al-Siyada al-'Arabiya, p. 28.

[34] Nizam al-Hukum wa al-Idara fi al-Islam, p. 285.

[35] Al-Maqreezi, Khutat, vol. 1, p. 395.

[36] Ibid.

[37] Al-'Aqd al-Farid, vol. 2, p. 270.

[38] Al-Tabari, Tarikh, vol. 8, p. 134. Ibn al-Athir, Tarikh, vol. 5, p. 19.

[39] Al-'Aqd al-Farid, vol. 2, p. 271.

[40] Duha al-Islam, vol. 1, pp. 18-34.

[41] Ibn al-Athir, Tarikh, vol. 5, p. 57.

[42] Al-Murtada, Amali, vol. 1, p. 79.

[43] Al-Mas'udi, Murujj al-Dhahab, vol. 1, p. 147.

[44] Al-Murtada, Amali, vol. 1, p. 89.

[45] Al-Ya'qubi, Tarikh, vol. 3, p. 73.

[46] Bin 'Aisha is 'Abd al-Rahman b. 'Ubayd Allah. His mother 'Aisha is the mother of Muhammed b. 'Abd Allah b. 'Ubayd Allah. He was a Temimi belonged to Quraysh. His kunya was Abu Sa'eed. Sumayya, the mother of Ziyad b. Abeeh was among his grandmothers.

[47] Al-Mas'udi, Murujj al-Dhahab, vol. 3, p. 148.

[48] Ibid., pp. 159-163.

[49] Ibn al-Athir, al-Kamil, vol. 5, p. 17.

[50] Al-Tabari, Tarikh, vol. 9, p. 38.

[51] Ibn al-Athir, Tarikh, vol. 5, p. 105.

[52] Al-Imama wa al-Siyasa, vol. 2, pp. 140-141.

[53] Al-Fekhri, pp. 122-123.

[54] Ahsan al-Taqaseem fi Ma'rifat al-Aqaleem, pp. 293-294.

[55] Maqatil al-Talibiyyin, p. 256.

[56] Al-Tabari, the Events of the Year 128 A. H.

[57] Ibn al-Athir, Tarikh, vol. 4, p. 295.

[58] The historians have said: "Abu Muslim killed all those who opposed him."

[59] Ibn al-Athir, Tarikh, vol. 4, p. 295.

[60] Al-'Aqd al-Fareed, vol. 1, p. 158.

[61] Ibn al-Athir, Tarikh, vol. 4, p. 305.

[62] Ibid., p. 304.

[63] Wafayat al-A'yan, vol. 1, p. 282.

[64] Al-Mas'udi, Murujj al-Dhahab, vol. 204.

Chapter VIII: At the Time of al-Saffah

[1] Ibn al-Athir, Tarikh, vol. 4, p. 325.

[2] Ibn Abi al-Haddeed, Sharh Nahjj al-Balagha, vol. 7, p. 134.

[3] Mukhtasar Akhbar al-Khulafa'.

[4] Ibn Abi al-Haddeed, Sharh Nahjj al-Balagha, vol. 7, p. 131.

[5] Al-Ya'qubi, Tarikh, vol. 3, pp. 84-85. Ibn 'Abd Rabba, al-'Aqd al-Fareed, vol. 3, pp. 198-199.

[6] Al-Kamil, vol., 5, p. 206.

[7] Mukhtasar Akhbar al-Khulafa', p. 4.

[8] Al-Muhadarat, p. 49.

[9] Mukhtasar Akhbar al-Khulafa', p. 10.

[10] Al-'Aqd al-Fareed, vol. 3, p. 207.

[11] Al-Kamil, vol. 5, p. 205.

[12] Al-Ya'qubi, Tarikh, vol. 3, p. 97.

[13] Shadharat al-Dhahab, vol. 1, p. 159.

[14] Maqatil al-Talibiyyin, p. 555.

[15] Ibid.

[16] Al-Mas'udi, Murujj al-Dhahab, vol. 3, p. 184. Al-Aadaab al-Sultaniya, p. 137.

[17] Al-Tabari, the Events of the Year 132 A. H. Abu Muslim was killed in Rajab 15th. That was a month after the defeat of Merwan.

[18] Al-Milal wa al-Nihal, vol. 1, p. 241.

[19] Tarikh Baghdad, vol. 10, p. 208.

[20] Al-Bidaya wa al-Nihaya, vol. 10, p. 64.

[21] Al-Kuna wa al-Alqab, vol. 2, p. 151.

[22] Al-Ya'qubi, Tarikh, vol. 3, p.348.

[23] Al-Mas'udi, Murujj al-Dhahab, vol. 3, p. 181.

[24] Al-Mas'udi, Murujj al-Dhahab, vol. 3, p. 181.