Islam Fundamental Principles and Teachings

Islam Fundamental Principles and Teachings0%

Islam Fundamental Principles and Teachings Author:
Translator: Z. Olyabek
Publisher: Fountain Books
Category: Religions and Sects
ISBN: 1-903323-36-3

Islam Fundamental Principles and Teachings

Author: Ayatullah Seyyed Muhammad Sadiq Shirazi
Translator: Z. Olyabek
Publisher: Fountain Books
Category:

ISBN: 1-903323-36-3
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Islam Fundamental Principles and Teachings

Islam Fundamental Principles and Teachings

Author:
Publisher: Fountain Books
ISBN: 1-903323-36-3
English

Transliteration

In the Arabic language, there are a number of letters that do not have a corresponding equivalent in the English language. As a result the sound or pronunciation of those letters would be unfamiliar to the English reader who has not come across them before. Some of them may easily be pronounced by the English reader, whereas s/he would find others difficult to pronounce, unless he has already been exposed to the sounds of the Arabic alphabet.

The Arabic consonant characters are given below along with their equivalent English characters or sounds.

b = ب z = ز f = ف

t = ت s = س q = ق

th = ث sh = ش k = ك

j = ج s = ص l = ل

h = ح d = ض m = م

kh = خ t = ط n = ن

d = د d = ظ h = k

dh = ذ c = ع w = و

r = ر gh = غ y = ي

This presentation is an effort to describe the sounds of these letters, and endeavour to explain how their sounds are generated, so that the reader may obtain some idea about these particular characters, when they appear in some Arabic terms used in this work.

To distinguish these letters, either a combination of two letters is used or, in the case of the majority of the difficult letters, a normal Latin letter is used in association with a diacritic - dot or a line above or below the letter as shown in the table above. Furthermore there are also a couple of letters in the Arabic alphabet which are represented using the symbols: ’ and c.

There is the letter that is symbolized as:

th , which sounds like the ‘th’ in the word ‘three’. The other letter is:

dh , which sounds like the ‘th’ in the word ‘there’.

As for the more difficult ones, they are as follows:

Gh orgh , the nearest sound for this is that of the French ‘r’.

H or h

The sound of this letter resembles the sound of ‘strong, breathy’ H. The sound for h is generated from the proximity of the throat that the normal h is, but from an area slightly further up the throat, with more tension in the local throat muscle, with the back end of the tongue closing in against the roof of the throat immediately before the uvula.

Kh or kh

The sound for this is perhaps somewhere between of that of ‘h’ and ‘k’, as far as the location of mouth where it is generated is concerned. It is generated at the back of the mouth, by pressing the back end of the tongue against the soft palate whilst forcing the air through in the outward direction, causing the uvula to vibrate.

The example of the sound of ‘kh’ found in English or that the English reader may be familiar with is Loch, the Scottish for lake, where the ‘ch’ in loch is pronounced as the designated ‘kh’ in Arabic.

S or s

The sound of this letter resembles the sound of ‘strong’ S. It is generated by involving the main trunk of the tongue, by slightly curving the centre of the front half of the tongue in the downward direction. In aid of pronouncing the sound of the ‘strong’ S, it would be helpful if you consider saying the normal letter ‘S’, when the front upper and lower teeth are brought closer together reducing the airflow, thus producing the sound of the letter ‘S’. The opposite process is used to generate the sound of the ‘strong’ S, i.e. the sound is produced when slightly moving apart the upper and lower teeth, thus pronouncing the ‘strong’ S.

D or d

The sound of this letter is somewhere near the sound of the normal D. Whereas the sound of a normal D is generated by placing the front end of the tongue at the front end of the hard palate or the roof of the mouth adjoining the top teeth, the sound of d is generated by touching, to the same location, more of the front trunk of the tongue while caving in the middle part of the tongue.

D or d

The best description of this sound is that it could be the strong version of the sound of ‘dh’ as in the word ‘there’. Whereas ‘dh’ is generated by placing the tip of the tongue between the upper and lower front teeth, whilst pressing against the upper front teeth, the sound for d is generated by pressing more of the front end of the tongue between the upper and lower front teeth, whilst pressing against the upper front teeth, and the centre of the tongue is curved downwards.

T or t

The sound of this letter resembles a ‘strong’ T. Whereas a normal T is generated by involving the front end of the tongue, the ‘strong’ T is generated by pressing the front end of the trunk of the tongue against the front end of the hard palate or the roof of the mouth. Also when the normal T is pronounced, the lower jaw does not move, whereas in the case of pronouncing the strong T, or T, the lower jaw moves outwards.

Q or q

The sound for this letter is a short and sharp version of the letter ‘gh’ or the French R. Whereas in the process of generating the sound of ‘gh’ the back end of the tongue is pressed slightly against the uvula, allowing some air to flow, in the case of the sound of the Arabic alphabet represented by Q, the same process takes place with the difference that the passage is completely blocked, and the sound is actually generated by he sudden release of the passage.

’ or the hamzah is the character representing the glottal stop.

c also shown as ‘

This symbol is used to characterize an Arabic alphabet that represents the sound of a strong ‘throaty’ A. Just as the sound for A is generated at the back of the throat, in the same proximity, the sound for c or ‘ is also generated with the difference that the entire throat back is engaged in the process by a stroke of contraction in the muscle there. In this process more of the throat is blocked, which also involves the back end of the tongue, than when pronouncing the normal A. Just in the case of the normal A, the sound is actually generated at the time of the release of the contraction of the muscles involved.

‘Long’ a

There are also cases when there is a diacritic or a small horizontal line above the letter, like a: this is to represent ‘long’ a, an alternative to writing aa. The nearest example for the long a, or a, in English words is case of “far” as opposed to the word “fat”. In the case of “far”, the ‘a’ is elongated in the pronunciation, whereas in the case of “fat”, the ‘a’ is short.

‘Double’ consonant letters

In the Arabic language, there are many instances where a letter in a word has double pronunciations with a very slight pause between the two. The first pronunciation is always the sound of the letter itself, and the second is the sound of the letter together with that of the following letter. For correct pronunciation of the word, it is important that there is a very slight pause between the sounds of the double letters. Some examples are as follows:

Allah, where the presence of ‘ll’ indicates the requirement of the double pronunciation of the letter ‘l’. It may help if the word is considered as Al-lah, with the pause due to the hyphen being very slight. Another example is Muhammad.

N.B.

To emphasise the correct pronunciation of some Arabic words, the transliteration characters are normally used for words like Allah, Qur’an, Muhammad, surah, ayah, etc. On the other hand, to adhere to simplicity it has been decided that diacritics and other transliteration characters are to be avoided where possible - in common words - where it is assumed that reader is or would be familiar with the pronunciation of those words, and that such characters are only used for less common and unfamiliar words only. So for such words as the above-mentioned, they would be written simply as Allah, Qur’an, Muhammad, surah, ayah, etc.

Along similar lines, names of prophets and messengers are generally presented in the Latin form in this work, although on the initial occasion for each case, the equivalent of the Arabic pronunciation is also given. e.g. in the case of the name of prophet Abraham, its Arabic equivalent of Ibrahim is also given for the first time, and subsequently only the Latin form is used for the sake of ease and simplicity for the English reader. End.

The Author

A brief biography of the eminent Islamic authority Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Sadiq Shirazi:

He was born on the 20th Dhil-Hijjah 1360 H, January 1942 CE, in the holy city of Karbala, Iraq. He was raised and cultured in a family that is renowned for its history of learning, strive, sacrifice, and morals.

He received his specialist education of Islamic sciences at the hands of eminent scholars of the hawzah until he acquired a distinguished degree of ijtihad.

Through his relentless endeavours he developed in himself the quality of continually seeking knowledge along with unremitting observance of piety; tirelessly promoting the teachings of Ahl al-Bayt, peace be upon them, disseminating their culture, and defending their sacred laws and shari’ah.

He has written numerous works in various fields and on different levels, ranging from politics, economics, history and ethics to specialist works for hawzah studies on such topics as Fiqh and Osool (jurisprudence) that total more than eighty.

Sayyid Sadiq has been teaching at the hawzah for more than 40 years.

He is distinguished for being accessible to the people; directly dealing and meeting with various sectors of members of society, listening to diverse views from different spectrum of the community.

Equally, he is distinguished for his humility; respecting the young and old, and also for his tolerance in responding to insult or evil with kindness and courteousness.

He is renowned for his independence and for his policy of boycotting despotic governments.

He oversees hundreds of organisations and institutions throughout the globe; for example those that address social issues such as marriage services and social reforms, those that address humanitarian matters such as clinics, orphanages, financial organisations giving interest-free loans (Qard al-Hasanah), intellectual institutions such as centres for research and studies, universities, hawzahs, libraries, as well as religious centres such as mosques and hussainiahs.

Other Publications by fountain books

www.fountainbooks.com

1. Islam: Fundamental Principles and Teachings

In the first part of this brief discourse the author outlines and briefly discusses Osool al-Deen (the fundamental principles or beliefs of Islam), which are Tawheed (the indivisible Oneness of Allah), ‘Adl (the Divine Justice of Allah), Nobowwah, (the belief in Prophethood), Imamah (leadership of mankind) and Mi‘ad (resurrection or belief in the hereafter). The author also addresses the subject of the Prophet’s eternal miracle - the glorious Qur’an.

In the second part of this publication author goes on to address Foroo‘ al-Deen (the essential rulings and practices of Islam), which are not only the well-known ten acts of worship such as prayers, fasting and hajj but also other aspects of the teachings of Islam that are significantly relevant in modern times; issues such as the human community, social order, politics, the economy, the armed forces, the justice system, culture, media, education, health, and social freedoms. Through this discussion the author establishes that a government based on the teachings of Islam would provide the most favourable system of government for mankind.

In the third and final part of this work, the author discusses the third component that a Muslim is required to adhere to, namely the Islamic morals and etiquettes (Akhlaq) and (Adab). Here, the author briefly outlines and discusses the ‘four pillars’ of Islamic ethics and the ‘two pillars’ of its etiquettes. The author then lists conducts and behaviours that Islam prescribes as one of obligatory, forbidden, unethical, or the recommended moral conduct. This basic yet concise book serves as a good introduction to Islamic beliefs and principles.

2. Islamic Beliefs for All

In this book the author discusses the five fundamental principles of Islam. These principles are Tawheed (the indivisible Oneness of Allah), ‘Adl (the Divine Justice of Allah), Nobowwah, (the belief in Prophethood), Imamah (leadership of mankind) and Mi‘ad (Resurrection). The unique aspect of this book is the author’s subtle approach in addressing the issues concerned and the simple examples given to illustrate the discussion. This authoritative work is not only important to Muslims, but it would also be of interest to those non-Muslims who seek to explore Islam and its doctrine. The simplicity of this book makes it a valuable resource for Religious Education.

3. What is Islam? An introduction to principles and beliefs

To attempt to summarize the Islamic faith in a book of this size is a tremendous challenge. This was the aim of the late Grand Ayatollah Muhammad al-Shirazi, one of the most eminent Islamic authorities of modern times. Through the use of clear and concise language within a “question and answer” format, the author has sought to convey the richness and profound spirituality of the Islamic message in all its aspects to the widest possible audience. The late Sayyid Shirazi covers all the main aspects of Islam, from the fundamental beliefs such as the Oneness of God and His justice and Prophethood to topics such as ablutions, praying, fasting, and performing the Hajj pilgrimage. In addition, the text also discusses a selection of diverse subjects such as Islamic law, economics, politics, the Islamic view of society, the issue of freedom in Islam, and so forth. This work serves as a useful resource for Muslims who want to learn more about their religion, and also for non-Muslims who seek a concise introduction as to what Islam is all about.

4. The Family

In this book the author highlights the problems he sees primarily in Islamic societies and particularly in the West today from the phenomenon of unmarried young men and women through to birth control and contraception. He surveys the idea of marriage in various religions, cultures and schools of thought while also discussing the issue of polygamy from the Islamic perspective. In his endeavours to provide practical solutions to today’s social problems, the author calls for simplicity in the process of marriage and draws our attention to the Islamic teachings and laws in this pivotal aspect of life.

As well as being a call to the Muslim world to revert to the true teachings of the Qur’an and the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him and his family, this book also serves as a preamble to others who seek answers to the some of the social problems of today. Islam promises success in every area of human life from individual to social levels, the practicality of which has been historically proven.

5. The Qur’an: When was it compiled?

In this book the author addresses the issues concerning the timing of the compilation of the Holy Qur’an, on what and whose instructions and authority this task was carried out, and ultimately who accomplished its compilation in the form that it is available today. In this work the author presents undisputable evidence to address these crucial questions. Through historical, methodical and logical analyses, the author establishes how and when the compilation of the Holy Qur’an was achieved. In Part two of the book the author presents Prophetic traditions (hadith) on the virtues of reciting and learning the Holy Qur’an.

6. War, Peace and Non-violence: An Islamic perspective

In this work the author addresses three significant issues, which have come to be associated with Islam. Through his extensive knowledge of the teachings of Islam, the author presents the Islamic stand on war, peace and non-violence, as found in the traditions and teachings of the Prophet of Islam, which could serve as exemplary models for mankind. Detailed accounts of the traditions of Prophet in his dealings with his foes during times of war or peace are presented in this book, giving the reader a clear insight into the way and basis upon which the Prophet of Islam conducted his socio-political affairs.

7. Islamic System of Government

In this introductory book the author outlines the basic principles of government based on the teachings of Islam. The author begins with the aim and objectives of the government according to Islam and the extent of its authority in that framework. He then addresses, from the Islamic viewpoint, the significance and fundamental nature of issues such as the consultative system of government, judicial system, freedoms, party political pluralism, social justice, human rights and foreign policy. The author concludes by outlining the socio-political policies of a government such as education, welfare, health, and crime, as well as matters such as the government’s system of income distribution, and authority.

8. If Islam Were To Be Established

This book may serve as the Muslim’s guide to the Islamic government. If an Islamist opposition group has a plan for an Islamic government, this book would help to check various aspects of the plan. In the absence of such a plan, this book serves as a useful outline. To the non-Muslim, the book presents a glimpse of the typical Islamic system of government while also serving as a yardstick for all who wish to check the practices of any government that asserts to have implemented an Islamic system of government.

9. The Bible and Christianity: an Islamic view

Part one of this book presents some of the encounters there have been between Muslims and Christians. In the second part of this work the author presents some of his discussions with fellow Christian scholars in gatherings at his residence in Karbala, Iraq. The debates concerned their understanding of Islam and its doctrine as well as their own religious beliefs. In this presentation the author demonstrates how he invited non-Muslims to Islam through a calm yet rational and intellectual medium through the use of simple arguments.

Presented in part three of this book is the author’s brief research and analysis into the Bible. Through his findings he states his contention with various biblical stories, particularly those in relation to past Prophets. In his discussion, the author uses reason and sound evidence to validate his arguments. Part Four of this work presents some of the Qur’anic verses about Jesus Christ and his noble mother Mary (peace be upon them).

This book makes an interesting read, particularly given simple yet through provoking arguments, which are put forth at various stages.

10. The Rights of Prisoners according to Islamic teachings

In general, Islam considers imprisonment as a case of last resort. According to Islamic teachings there are only a few offences that would lead to imprisonment. Any chastisement prescribed by Islamic teachings may only be implemented if the relevant criteria and the preconditions are met. If the criteria are not met, then the prescribed punishment may not be executed.

In this book the author addresses issues such as the fundamental nature of freedom, the rights of a prisoner, and the harmful effects of imprisonment on the individual as well as on society in general. The book goes on to discuss the kind of offences that would lead to imprisonment under an Islamic system. The author also cites a few cases from Islamic History in order to demonstrate the attitude an Islamic ruler should take towards an offence, which may have been committed, and identify possibilities of waiving relevant punishments. This work also discusses the issue of torture and mental and physical ill treatment that is often carried out under the guise of interrogation or for the purpose of extracting confession from a detainee or a suspect.

This brief work presents the teachings of Islam with respect to the rights of those when imprisoned, and shows that the teachings of Islam are designed, by the designer and maker of mankind, for the benefit of mankind wherever he may be.

11. Husayn - The Sacrifice for Mankind

This is a collection of articles about a unique individual who, through his remarkable sacrifices, managed to change the course of history and the direction that mankind was heading toward. He is none other than Husayn, the grandson of the Prophet of Islam, Muhammad, peace be upon him and his family. Imam Husayn stood up to tyranny and oppression and gave everything he had, including his life and the lives of his most beloved sons and brothers as well as those of his closest allies, in order to awaken the masses, reform society, and rectify the distortion that had been inflicted on Islam.

The articles in this work cover some aspects of the aims and objectives of Imam Husayn’s movement, the difference between his strategy and that of his brother Imam Hasan in facing tyranny and despotism, the examples he set, and the lessons that are learnt from the events that lead up to the tragedy of Karbala fourteen centuries ago. Above and beyond the benefits of his movement, the personality of Imam Husayn peace be upon him as reflected by the many narrations and teachings of Prophet Muhammad is also discussed. Included in this work are a number of questions and answers about the commemoration ceremonies observed by the Muslims around the world on the occasion of Ashura.

12. The Guide to Hajj Rites

This handbook is a comprehensive but easy to follow companion that guides the reader through all the stages of the Hajj pilgrimage. It addresses all aspects of the Hajj programme and the rites that must be observed during the pilgrimage. It is a must for anyone who intends to go to the Hajj pilgrimage.

13. Aspects of the Political Theory of Imam Shirazi

The author, Muhammad G. Ayyub is a well-known Islamist political activist within the Iraqi circle who has established a long history of political struggle over the past four decades. He was attracted by the views of the Imam Muhammad Shirazi in the fields of social and political science. Prompted by the endeavours and views of Imam Shirazi, the author chose to write this book in order to introduce the reader to views that have remained relatively unknown amongst Muslim activists and reformists. This work covers aspects of Imam Shirazi’s views on politics such as freedom of expression, party-political pluralism, social justice, peace and non-violence, human rights, the concept of consultative system of government, as well as the issue of the concordance of the various sects of the Muslim community.

14. The Qur’an Made Simple

The Noble Qur’an is the final and greatest of the books of God. It is not merely a compilation of chronicles of an ancient people, nor a group of Prophets. Nor is it solely a book of morals. It is certainly not a simply a book of science, and it is not solely a book of rules and laws. Rather, The Noble Qur’an it is a set of arguments in the Divine dialect setting out exactly why the reader should recognise Allah, glorified be He, submit to Him, and follow the Divine religion. These arguments are rational and spiritual, addressed to the mind and the heart.

In the Divine words the Noble Qur’an is a book ‘of guidance’, guiding man from darkness to light, from evil to good, from ignorance to knowledge, from uncertainty about the origin and the end, and about man’s role in the world, to certainty and conviction.

This volume that has been published is the translation of the last three parts or juz’ of the Noble Qur’an, and the associated commentary by the late Imam Muhammad Shirazi, elucidating the Qur’anic text to produce a clear, succinct, and easy to follow explanation of the divine scripture.

15. The Prophet Muhammad, a mercy to the world

This book offers an easy introduction to the life and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad. It endeavours to convey a glimpse of those illuminating moments in the life of the Prophet that helped bring about one of the greatest transformations in the history of mankind. The book highlights what kind of person the Prophet was, and how his conduct with friends and foes, in peace and war, provided an impeccable example for generations to come.

* * * * * * * * *

Teachings of Islam

www.shirazi.org.uk

A site dedicated to the cause of Islam, Muslims and Mankind

Islam aims to bring about prosperity to all mankind. One of the leading authorities on Islam today, Imam Shirazi, calls upon all Muslims to adhere to the teachings of Islam in all domains in order to regain their former glory and the salvation of mankind.

These teachings include:

• PEACE in every aspect.

• NON-VIOLENCE in all conducts.

• FREEDOM of expression, belief, etc.

• PLURALISM of political parties.

• CONSULTATIVE System of Leadership.

• The RE-CREATION of the single Muslim nation - without geographical borders, etc. between them, as stated by Allah:

“This, your community is a single community and I am your Lord; so worship Me.”

• The REVIVAL of Islamic brotherhood throughout this nation:

“ The believers are brothers.”

• FREEDOM from all the man-made laws, and restrictions as the Qur'an states:

“... and (Prophet Muhammad) releases them from their heavy burdens and from the shackles that were upon them.”

You can email your queries to the website of Imam Shirazi at:

www.imashirazi.com