Alhassanain(p) Network for Heritage and Islamic Thought

AL-IMAM AL-HUSAIN (A.S.)

LINEAGE

AL-IMAM AL-HUSAIN (AS) is the younger son of IMAM ALI IBN ABI TALIB (AS). His mother is FATIMA AL-ZAHRA, daughter of Prophet Mohammed, peace be upon them all. He was born on the 3rd of SHA'BAN (Lunar Calendar) in the 4th year of HIJRAH, in Al-Medina AL-MUNAWARA. He enjoyed martyrdom on the 10th of MUHARRAM, in the year 61 of HIJRA in KERBALA (Iraq) and was buried there.

THE BLESSED BABY

On the 3rd of SHA'BAN, the 4th year of HIJRAH, Fatima gave birth to her second blessed baby.

ASMA, one of Fatima's attendants, wrapped the newly born baby with a clean white cloth and carried him to his grandfather, the Messenger of Allah (P.B.U.H), who took him in his arms and kissed him warmly. He embraced him and uttered in his ears: "There is no god but Allah. Allah is the Greatest. Prayer is up". He called him HUSAIN, kept him long in his arms, looked sadly at him, touched his limbs then burst in tears. Being surprised at the prophet's sudden sadness, ASMA said, "May my parents be your sacrifice, what has caused your crying?"

Still his eyes full of tears, he said, "I am crying for this - my son". She could not comprehend what he said, so she asked him, "He has just been born!" He (P.B.U.H) said, "The aggressive party will kill him. They are deprived of my intercession". He handed her the baby and said, "Do not tell Fatima this. She is still in birth labor". While AL-HUSAIN was growing up, the Prophet (P.B.U.H) often looked after him and was really concerned. He was already informed by Allah of what his grandson would suffer. AL-HUSAIN was chosen by Allah to keep the bright torch of Islam spreading its light against infidelity and hypocrisy. It is one of Allah's bounties bestowed on His Messenger's offspring, though the hypocrites do not perceive.

DEMISE OF THE MESSENGER OF ALLAH

We are quite aware of the unjust people's reaction to the demise of Prophet Mohammed (P.B.U.H). they were careless of the Prophet's last will, though they had often heard every word of it and had known its significance. At his demise, they forgot every word and betrayed the Prophet's holy household. They entrusted the Muslims' affairs to the enemies of Islam, thus preferring blindness to clear insight and darkness to the bright Divine light. The holy QUR'AN says: {And as to THAMUD, We showed them the right way, but they preferred blindness to guidance}. [FUSSILAT: 17].

Had they obeyed Allah's order, they would have enjoyed His bounties and achieved a great might and knowledge. They disobeyed Him, so they suffered loss and were unjust to their own selves. Due to their blindness and utter ignorance and violation of their covenants, Imam HUSAIN (as) enjoyed martyrdom while MUAWIA and his clan assumed the caliphate along with an aggressive policy against all the righteous believers. Many suffered imprisonment, torture, and even death through poison or other means.

IMAM HUSAIN (AS) VIS-?-VIS INFIDEL YAZID

During IMAM AL-HASAN'S life, IMAM HUSAIN respected his brother's peace treaty (with MUAWIA) and did not confront the ruling clique. However, MUAWIA not only violated every item of the said treaty, but he also entrusted the caliphate to his infidel son YAZID to succeed him after his death. The cursed son ordered the governor of Al-Medina AL-WALID to summon IMAM HUSAIN and force him to swear the oath of allegiance to YAZID'S authority. At midnight, the governor summoned the Prophet's grandson and said to him, "May Allah rewards you! At the death of MUAWIA, there are no members left of the Prophet's household (AHL AL BAYT) except you. You are quite aware of your sublime office among the Muslims. You must be the first to swear allegiance to the new caliph, YAZID, and be a good example for others. You are then son of the daughter of the Prophet (P.B.U.H) of all Muslims. You must strive for their welfare".

IMAM HUSAIN (AS) listened carefully and was deep in thoughts. He knew that everything had come to its end with YAZID'S evil intentions. He (as) did not rebel against MUAWIA only to conform to his brothers' stance. Could he be silent now that MUAWIA was dead and YAZID is the caliph? Could he keep silent at YAZID'S infidelity, immorality and deviation, thus to demonstrate acceptance of his evils? IMAM HUSAIN was sure that all the Muslims were watching his actions vis-à-vis YAZID. If he ever agreed to YAZID'S leadership, it meant that he accepted all his (YAZID'S) indecency. He was quite aware of the crucial situation, so he said to AL-WALID, "I am not of those who vow behind walls (secretly). If you call the people tomorrow to make their vows, you can call us as well".

AL-WALID IBN UTBA IBN ABI SUFFIAN was a peaceful man, so he agreed to the Imam's suggestion and postponed the affair until the next morning. However, the infidel MARWAN IBN AL-HAKAM, who was present there and then, said to AL-WALID, "If you let him go now without taking his vow, you will never have the chance to get it again. Keep him in prison and kill him if he does not swear the oath of allegiance". IMAM AL-HUSAIN (AS) shouted at him, "You son of the … are you going to kill me?! By Allah, you are a mean liar".

IMAM HUSAIN then turned to AL-WALID and said, "O governor! I am the Prophet's grandson, the core of the religion of Islam, the sacred landing of angels and the source of Mercy. Allah stated (His creation) with us and sealed it with us. YAZID is a transgressor, a wine-addict, a killer of the innocent and an open defer of Allah's instructions. A man of my qualities does not swear the oath of allegiance to one of his like. Tomorrow morning, we will meet and see to it".

TOWARDS HOLY MECCA

That night, IMAM HUSAIN (as) decided to leave Al-Medina for holy Mecca. He immediately set out in the company of his family and relatives. They made the journey amid the risk of being chased by YAZID'A mercenaries. The people of Al-Medina were indifferent regarding the situation. They offered no support or protection to the Prophet's grandson. They took refuge in their homes for fear of YAZID'S oppression. IMAM HUSAIN'S caravan reached Mecca, the holy city of Allah, which is supposed to be the most secure place since old ages. Arabs used to respect the land of Allah, hence refuges were never killed in the holy place. Wars and quarrels were also avoided in that town. IMAM HUSAIN did not stay long in the holy town because YAZID'S mercenaries came under the cover of pilgrimage to kill him and then claim that he killed in a dispute over personal matters by someone.

IMAM HUSAIN stayed for a while in holy Mecca. He warned the pilgrims of the dangerous impact on Islam as a result of YAZID coming to power. On the 8th of DHIL HIJJA, he performed the HAJJ rituals in haste and left Mecca without any delay. He said to his half-brother Mohammed IBN AL-HANAFIYYA, "If I stayed, YAZID'S mercenaries would assassinate me and my blood would be shed in vain.

KUFA, CENTER OF ACTIVITY

The hen city of KUFA was a heavily inhabited area whose people enjoyed Imam Ali's rule for a few years. They were familiar with his justice and sublime morals. The KUFIANS were religious people, supporters of the Prophet's household while other towns' people knew nothing of Islam except through the deviated rulers and court theologians' instructions. They were indifferent regarding whoever ruled them be it HUSAIN (AS) or MUAWIA, be it HUSAIN (AS) or the infidel YAZID.

Due to such a situation, and receiving thousands of letters from the people of KUFA in support of his cause, IMAM HUSAIN (AS) sent his cousin MUSLIM BIN AQIL to KUFA to mobilize his supporters and prepare them to fight as they had promised in their letters since MUAWIA'S lifetime. Now that MUAWIA was dead, the Imam made his march towards AL-KUFA to accept the people's allegiance and announce his Islamic caliphate. YAZID felt the danger of mobilizing the people of KUFA by Imam HUSSAIN'S envoy, so he appointed IBN ZIAD, a cruel man, the son of an indecent woman called MARJANA, as the governor of KUFA. He was a stone-hearted man of a cunning talent. He inherited hostility of the Prophet's household form his father, besides his indecent upbringing. The people of AL-KUFA planned to kill IBN ZIAD who was invited to the house of one of the city nobles. It was decided that Muslim IBN AQIL should come out suddenly and attack him with his sword. Muslim did not agree to that plan. He did not want his supporters to be the party that started the war.

IBN ZIAD left the house and ordered his mercenaries to chase and arrest Muslim and all his supporters. Some were arrested and some were killed. HANI IBN URWA, who hosted Muslim IBN AQIL in his house, was killed and later Muslim himself was martyred. The city gates were locked and no one was allowed to leave the town to inform IMAM HUSAIN of the actual situation in AL-KUFA or of the martyrdom of the Imam's cousin, Muslim IBN AQIL.

LEAVING MECCA FOR KUFA

IMAM HUSAIN was still in Mecca, waiting for news from his envoy in KUFA. Before getting any news, he performed the HAJJ rituals and decided to leave the holy city. Prominent figures in Mecca tried to make him change his mind and stay with them. They said to him, "You are quite aware of the people of AL-KUFA. They had refrained from supporting your father and your brother after him. They will as well refrain from supporting you. They are of no firm faith. They may articulate readiness to support you, but they will soon raise their swords in your face. Do not leave the holy city'. IMAM HUSAIN (AS) did not change his mind, insisting on performing his Divine mission: To die for the sake of Allah and the Truth. He performed the rituals of HAJJ (pilgrimage) in haste without staying to the end of the HAJJ season.

Thus, YAZID mercenaries did not have the chance to shed his holy blood in the holy city. He set out towards Iraq along with his nearest and dearest family members accompanied by righteous followers. He had no news from his envoy, as previously mentioned, due to IBN ZIAD'S strict control over KUFA along with other measures he undertook. He put spies along the roads to inform him of IMAM HUSAIN'S approach.

LAND OF THE TRAGIC EVENT: KERBALA

IMAM HUSAIN'S caravan approached AL-KUFA but IBN ZIAD mercenaries, led by AL-HUR IBN AL-RIAHI, halted his approach and forced him to camp at a barren sandy area called KERBALA. When the Imam (as) heard of its name, he went in deep thought then said, "This is the land of tragic hardship. This is our landing, and here is the place where our blood will be shed". He (as) ordered the caravan to set up the tents. On hearing about IMAM HUSAIN camping near AL-KUFA, IBN ZIAD gathered the KUFIANS in the grand mosque then addressed the attendants. He praised the "qualities" of the infidel YAZID and his order to increase their salaries if they joined YAZID'S army to fight IMAM HUSAIN.

Otherwise, they would suffer punishment and he would deprive them of all their rights in life. They would put at risk their families, their properties, and their own selves if they refrained from fighting the Prophet's grandson. With such threats and temptations, many stupid and simpleminded citizens joined the aggressive army. They chose the party of falsehood, the party of Satan, against the party of the Truth, the party of Allah.

THE LAST NIGHT: THE 10THE OF MUHARRAM

During that night, darkness wrapped the whole area. IMAM HUSSAIN (AS) gathered his followers and relatives, praised Allah the Almighty then said, "Surely I know not of better and sincere followers than you are to me. May Allah reward you with His best rewards. I believe tomorrow is our day to meet those enemies. Now you are all in relief of your allegiance to me. Night is dark, so take it as a cover and go home. The enemies want only me. If they get me, they will be satisfied with their catch".

The holy Imam made it clear to them that whoever stayed with him would surely be killed. He encouraged them to leave in the darkness to spare them the feeling of shame as they retreated, if they preferred to withdraw. But as soon as he had finished his words, the righteous relatives and followers made their brave decision clear to him. At the head of the speakers washi half-brother AL-ABBAS who said, "Why should we leave you? Is it to survive at your own expense? We pray to Allah never to let us see such a day". Then others spoke, all preferring death to life for his sake. The brave followers such as HABIB IBN MUDHAHIR, Muslim IBN USAJA, ZUHAIR IBN AL-QIN and the others welcomed death in his defense and said, "Praise is due to Allah Who has honored us in being at your side, fighting your enemy and dying in your presence".

They were overwhelmed with Divine tranquility and were most truthful, most sincere. On that dark night, in the camp of the holy Imam, nothing could be heard but the utterance of glorification of Allah and the praising His will. All were ready to enjoy martyrdom, eager to meet death.

IMAM HUSSAIN now and then talked with them and filled their hearts with true faith. They all longed to meet their Lord, hence they tuned to Him for forgiveness. They murmured: "Our Lord! Surely we have heard a preacher calling to faith saying: 'believe in your Lord', so we did believe. Our Lord! Forgive, therefore, our faults and pardon our wrong deeds, and make us die with the righteous. Our Lord accept the sacrifice of Your purified servants (the Prophet's household, the AHL AL BAYT), and let people hear our call, and turn towards us; You are all-Knowing, all-Hearing". On the other side of the field, in the enemy's camp, IBN SA'AD'S troops enjoyed eating and drinking just as cattle enjoy their food. Songs and music could be heard. They were sure of their victory against the handful strugglers in IMAM HUSAIN'S camp, hence they rejoiced at their victory before hand.

ASHURA

At sunrise on the day of ASHURA (the 10th of MUHARRAM), the year 61 of HIJRA, the small army in defense of the Truth faced the big army in defense of falsehood. UMAR IBN SA'AD, the enemy army's leader, gave his orders to start the fight and immediately arrows were thrown at IMAM HUSAIN'S camp. Moreover, the court theologian in AL-MEDINA issued his religious verdict justifying the big crime against the Prophet's grandson (peace be upon both). The deviated jurist said, "AL-HUSAIN has left his land and involved himself in politics, thus causing dispute and division among the Muslims. He should be killed with the Muslims' sword to rid Islam of him".

What a horrible statement it was! What a heinous crime it was! To justify the murdering of the sublime figure along with the most righteous believers if the pretext of his involvement in politics! It was the ugliest crime of the self-claimed Muslim theologians.

The bodies of the righteous martyrs were torn under the hooves of the horses at IBN SA'AD'S orders. Could it be involvement in politics or malicious hatred towards Allah, the Messenger of Allah and his household? It was mere hostility towards Allah, His Prophet, His religion, and His Book. The battle was over, and everyone resorted to rest in his own home except the Prophet's household: Women and Children along with the young sick Imam, who were all captives in chains, were transported from one place to another. While the name of Allah and of His Messenger echoed on top of minarets in calls for daily prayers, the sublime figures of the Prophet's household suffered every kind of oppression and persecution. Could not those so-called Muslims read the QURANIC verses in favor of the Prophet's household? The holy QURAN says:

{Say (Oh, Mohammed): I ask you no recompense at all save love for my relatives…} [AL-SHURA: 23].

SA'AD'S troops were not satisfied with their dirty performance against the martyrs' holy bodies, so they put the Imam's dearest and nearest women and children in chains and led them to the city of KUFA which once was Imam Ali's residence during his caliphate. All the city's inhabitants knew Imam Ali's noble daughter Lady ZAINAB, daughter of the sublime Lady Fatima AL-ZAHRA, the Prophet's only daughter. They had often seen her in her father's house while their women visited her and attended her meetings and listened to her talks.

Now they saw her at the head of the arrested women and children. The KUFIAN women and men felt a great shame. Stifled in tears, they cursed IBN SA'AD and IBN ZIAD. Could that be enough? Could they be forgiven for turning away from the Imam's call for help? Could their men, who sent the martyred Imam letters calling him to their country to lead them along the right path, then withdrew their help, be ever forgiven? Lady ZAINAB ordered them to stop crying and in a speech exposed their shameful deeds. Her words were lashes inflicted on their backs. Could her words awaken the sleeping masses and revive in them the fading awareness?

History tells us that her words were the most effective, next to the sublime martyr's blood that brought YAZID'S tyrannical rule to an end.

THE CAPTIVES IN DAMASCUS

The captives were brought from AL-KUFA (Iraq) to Damascus (Syria) which was celebrating YAZID'S so-called victory against his enemy, the Prophet's grandson.

The mercenaries who carried the martyrs' head on their lances were ordered to bring Imam HUSAIN'S holy head on a tray to the infidel YAZID IBN MUAWIA (the curse of Allah is on YAZID and on his father MUAWIA). History tells us that at the orders of an Israeli prostitute named SALOMI, the head of Prophet YAHYA son of Prophet ZAKARRIA was brought on a tray to the infidel ruler of the idolaters.

YAZID rejoiced on seeing the holy head and in false pride of the era of ignorance expressed his rejoice through lines of poetry, Would that my seniors of BADR (the battle when the infidels were defeated) were here, To laugh, rejoice and to say:

Hail, YAZID, cease not killing, proceed! The HASHIMI plaything of kingship is over, No revelation, nor news from heaven has ever come; never. In Damascus, IMAM ZAIN AL-ABIDIN (IMAM ALI son of IMAM HUSAIN who was spared the massacre through Divine care) had the chance to speak to the people who stood on both sides of the roads. He discloses to them the actual facts and cleared away their wrong illusions. The infidel YAZID tired to mislead the people through spreading rumors that the captives were only KHARIJITES, enemies of Islam. Now IMAM ZAIN AL-ABIDIN refuted YAZID'S claims and told the people that he, his martyred father and brothers, and his family were Prophet Mohammed's offspring. He said to the crowed, "…if there is someone who knows me, it is alright, but if others do not know me, then I will inform them who I am. I am the son of Mohammed AL-MUSTAFA (the chosen Prophet), I am the son of ALI AL-MURTADHA (Allah is pleased with him), I am the son of FATIMA AL-ZAHRA, the head of all women, I am the son of the one wrapped in blood, slain in KERBALA.

IMAM ZAIN AL-ABIDIN went on making clear to the attendants his actual status till everyone who heard him started crying and cursing YAZID. The people of Damascus were stunned at the actual truth. Could those captives be the Prophet's dearest and nearest? What a heinous crime YAZID had committed! What a big lie he had spread!

On knowing the truth, a great unrest spread in the city, a revolution was about to start and shake YAZID'S firm control of AL-SHAM. He immediately ordered the departure of the captives to Al-Medina, and the martyrs' heads to be buried. The people were ordered never to utter IMAM HUSAIN'S name if they wanted to avoid imprisonment and killing.

THE MONUMENT OF MARTYRDOM

The first one to pay homage to IMAM HUSAIN'S grave was the righteous companion of Prophet Mohammed (P.B.U.H), JABIR IBN ABDILLAH AL-ANSARI. He visited the holy grave few days after the battle of KERBALAL. He shed hot tears near the grave. His tears scattered throughout the ages and brought countless lovers to the martyred IMAM (AS). Since then, visitors have never stopped visiting the holy shrine of IMAM HUSAIN (AS) nor shedding hot tears on the events that took place that ASHURA. They, wherever they, are curse the infidel YAZID and his likes of infidel rulers, enemies of Islam. With the passage of years, the holy shrine has become the center of freedom lovers who swear to tread the same road of the sublime martyrs, IMAM AL-HUSAIN and his family and followers.

They swear to keep his revolution alive so that future generations may keep on struggling against all oppressors and aggressive rulers. For such an important reason, the UMMAYADS and after them the ABASSAIDS tried to prevent people from visiting KERBALA and renewing the tragic event. However, their desperate attempts were in vain. The holy shrine has become a bright landmark. On that piece of land a house for the worship of Allah is set up. The bright torch of martyrdom had become an ever-burning light illuminating the road for those who wish to walk on the right-path.

IMAM HUSAIN'S martyrdom teaches us many lessons:

" The bloodshed of the defeated small group has achieved victory against all tyrants.

" The small party achieved victory against the big party though following principles and high morals.

" Imam HUSAIN (as) is a school of thought from which lovers of freedom learn how to rebel against the arrogant and the tyrants.

" Imam HUSAIN comes at the head of all strugglers of the world who strive to achieve justice and dignity and equality for mankind.

It is a unique revolution in the lengthy human history.

ImamZain Al-Abidin (A.S.)

LINEAGE

IMAM ALI son of IMAM HUSAIN son of IMAM ALI IBN ABI TALIB (peace be upon them all) was born on the 15th of JAMADI AL-AWWAL in the year 36 of HIJRA in Al-Medina AL-MUNAWARA. His mother's name was SHAHRBANO. He was blessed with martyrdom on the 25th of MUHARRAM in the year 95 of HIJRA in Al-Medina and was buried at AL-BAQIE cemetery. The Imam's mother, SHAHRBANO, was the daughter of a Persian emperor. There is nothing strange in that. History tells us that Prophet ISMAEL'S mother was an Egyptian maid in the court of Pharaoh. It is one sign of Allah's might that nations meet each other just as oceans meet each other and pearls are produced. Pharaoh's wife was a righteous woman through her belief in Allah the Almighty while Prophet NUH'S son an infidel through his bad deeds. The daughter of a noble Persian enjoyed faith in Allah and a Romanemperor's daughter became the mother of the 12th IMAM MEHDI who is still in occultation.

However, the hypocrites are not real believers in Allah, hence they have criteria other than piety and good deeds that bring one nearer to Allah the Exalted.

THE ISLAMIC ETHICS

When Persia was invaded by Muslims, the captives were brought to the city of the Messenger of Allah (P.B.U.H.) in HIJAZ. Having looked at them, the caliph ordered their distribution on the victorious army leaders, as was the custom then. The caliph's order had a different impact on both sides: the captives and the victorious leaders. The former were sad while the latter rejoiced. The daughters and grandchildren of the Persian emperor YAZDAJERD stood humbly watching the distribution of the captives. They wondered what the future held for them. They sadly remembered their big hopes which until recently filled their hearts when they enjoyed a luxurious life of power and might. They wondered how matters could come to such an end! Could they blame their army leaders or their own forefathers? Had the big Persian, the ruler, KHOSROW (PARVIZ), or CHOSROES II who died in 628 of the Christian calendar, not torn the Messenger of Allah's letter calling him to Islam, would the result have been different? They had no answers to their inquiries. They could not comprehend Allah's word:

{Thus We requited them because they disbelieved, and We do notrequite any but the ungrateful}. [SABA: 17]. While the caliph was looking at the captives, a young man approached him and said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah (P.B.U.H.) say: 'The noble and honorable ones of their people should be respected. Their status should be considered'. These captives are of high status. As Muslims, we are not supposed to leave them in captivity. For my part, I set my own share free, seeking the pleasure of Allah and His Messenger". The man was none but IMAM ALI IBN ABI TALIB (as) whose words were appreciated by all. Immediately the other believers, AL-ANSAR and AL-MUHAJREEN, followed his footstep and set free theirs.

Peace and blessing of Allah be upon His Messenger who honored SAFANA daughter of HATIM AL-TAYEE, the man who was very famous for his generosity in the pre-Islamic era, though she was not yet Muslim. He set her free in regard due to her honorable status. In pursuit of the sublime morals of the holy Prophet, his truthful and trustworthy cousin ALI (AS) put Islamic ethics to practice.

Ali's action had a good impact on the Persian captives who felt at ease and no more worried about their future. They became sure of Islamic justice and tolerance. Undoubtedly, Islamic instructions and teachings do not discriminate between Arabs and non-Arabs, or between white and black. All are equal in rights and should enjoy the caliph's protection and care, since he is supposed to be the best man after the Messenger of Allah. They felt special love for Ali (as).

A DIVINE FAVOUR

Soon after this event, SHAHRBANO daughter of YAZDAJERD was chosen a wife for IMAM AL-HUSAIN (AS), the younger son of IMAM ALI (AS). She gave birth to a son who was named ALI AL-ASGHAR (Ali the Junior), known also as ZAIN AL-ABDIN (the best of the worshippers) due to his great piety and chastity. He is the fourth Imam from the Prophet's lineage. Some historians do not know the exact story of SHAHRBANO as it has been related. IMAM HUSAIN (AS) had another son called ALI AL-AKBAR (Ali the Senior) who greatly resembled the holy Prophet (P.B.U.H.) and who was blessed with martyrdom at the battle of KERBALA on the 10th of MUHARRAM the year 61 of HIJRA.

IMAM ZAIN AL-ABIDIN (AS) resembled his grandfather IMAM ALI (AS) in bravery, patience and piety along with his sound knowledge and brilliant talent. Narrators say that when he accompanied his father on their way to KERBALA, he was full of determination and prowess. When the battle started, everyone had a sword and a shield. ZAIN AL-ABIDIN'S shield was a bit longer for him and reached his knees, He immediately bent the extra length then broke it out to have the shield fit. The attendants were surprised at his strength and praised his strength. Yet he could not make use of his bravery on the day of the battle. He suffered a fever that threw him in bed. It was Allah's will that he should be sick at that apex of the fight, hence be was spared martyrdom at that age in order to survive and play his role in keeping the Prophet's progeny safe, despite the tyrants' decision to end all of IMAM HUSAIN'S offspring.

It was Allah's will that protected him and kept him alive while all other males were blessed with martyrdom at the battle of KERBALA. They left a bright record in the Islamic history though their struggle against oppression while their enemies are cursed throughout history. At the end of that tragic event, women and children were chained then taken to KUFA accompanied by IMAM ZAIN AL-ABIDIN.

FACING THE INFIDEL IBN ZIAD

At the city of KUFA, the infidel IBN ZIAD made a show of arrogance and merry-making. His mercenaries surrounded him, so he could insult the captives as much as he could, using malicious words against them.

No one dared utter a word for fear of his cruelty. When he saw IMAM ZAIN AL-ABIDIN, he said, "Who are you?" The Imam (as) answered, "I am Ali son of AL-HUSAIN". The tyrant said, "Has not Allah killed Ali son of AL-HUSAIN?" The Imam said, "I had a brother called Ali; the people killed him". IBN ZIAD said, "Surely, Allah had killed him". The Imam said, "Allah takes the souls at death". IBN ZIAD was vexed because the Imam refuted his claims. He shouted, "dare you answer me?' He ordered his mercenaries to kill him, but his Aunt Lady ZAINAB protected him with her arms and said, "By Allah! I will not let him go. Kill me before you kill him. Are not you satisfied with the blood you have shed of my men?" IBN ZIAD could not kill a woman, hence the Imam's life was spared.

FACING THE TYRANT YAZID

The captives, members of the prophet's family, were taken to AL-SHAM (Syria) where people were told that those captives were outlaws who stirred sedition, and that it was necessary to punish them.

Damascus, at the order of the cursed YAZID, was decorated to celebrate his so-called victory. The captives entered Damascus and were brought to YAZID'S court. The nobles and the officials were all in their best attire sitting on both sides of the tyrant who rejoiced at seeing the martyrs' severed heads. He recited some poetry to express his happiness at the martyrdom of the prophet's family. He turned to ZAIN AL-ABIDIN and said, "Your father had denied my blood relation and ignored my right to authority, hence Allah had done this to him". The Imam (as) recited the following QURANIC verse:

{No evil befalls on the earth nor in your own souls but it is in a book before We bring it into existence; surely that is easy for Allah. So that you may not grieve for what has escaped you, nor be exultant at what He has given you, and Allah does not love any arrogant boaster} [AL-HADID: 22-23].

YAZID ordered one of his mercenaries to ascend the pulpit and degrade Imam Ali and his two sons, AL-HASAN and AL-HUSAIN (peace be upon them). The man did so and insulted the righteous Imams. IMAM ZAIN AL-ABIDIN said to him, "Woe to you, O speaker! You have bought the pleasure of the creature for the displeasure of the Creator, so get your seat in the Fire".

Then he turned to the people and said, "O people! If you know me, then it is all right, if you do not know me, then I will inform you of my lineage: I am the son of Mohammed AL-MUSTAFA (the one chosen by Allah), I am the son of ALI AL-MURTADHA (the one favored by Allah), I am the son…." He continued mentioning the sublime status of his grandfathers: Prophet Mohammed (P.B.U.H.) and Imam Ali (as), of his martyred father AL-HUSAIN (as). Then he related the tragic event of KERBALA which caused the attendants to burst in tears. YAZID feared the reaction, so he ordered someone to call to the prayers in order to disrupt the Imam's disclosure of the truth. When the caller to the prayers said, "Allah is the Greatest", the Imam confirmed: "None is greater than Allah". When the caller said, "I bear witness there is no god but Allah", the Imam said, "My flesh, my skin, my blood and my hair all bear witness to it". when the caller said, "I bear witness Mohammed is he Messenger of Allah", the Imam turned to YAZID and said, "This Mohammed, is he your grandfather or my grandfather? If you say: He is my grandfather, then you lie and disbelieve. If you say: He is your grandfather, then why have you killed his offspring?"

YAZID was at a loss of words. He blamed IBN ZIAD for the heinous crime, but none believed him. Finally he had to get rid of the captives and send them back to Al-Medina to avoid more exposure of the truth.

TOWARDS AL-MEDINA

The captives were released, and the Imam ordered the caravan to first make their way to KERBALA to pay homage to the martyrs' graves. They stopped there and shed hot tears on the sacred spot of martyrdom. Since then and throughout the years, the area has become a fortress of worship that relates the heroic roles of its figures who confronted injustice and oppression. Then the caravan made its way towards the city of the Messenger of Allah (P.B.U.H.). All its inhabitants, young and old, women and men, came out to meet the bereaved members of the Prophet's family.

They cried bitterly and shed hot tears on hearing the details of the tragedy. They blamed themselves and expressed regret for their negative stance. They crowded round the Imam to offer condolence and prayed to Allah to forgive them. The Imam (as) stood up and addressed them saying, "Praise is due to Allah the Lord of the worlds, the Compassionate, the Merciful, the Master of the Day of Judgment, the Creator of all creatures. O people! Allah, Whom do I praise, has tried us with grave calamities. Islam has been grossly damaged. Imam HUSAIN (father of Imam ZAIN AL-ABIDIN) has been killed. His severed holy head has been raised on lances and paraded to people, carried from town to town. His women and children have been made captive. It is a tragedy of no like. O people! We have become homeless chased for no guilt nor sin, for no damage done to Islam by us. By Allah, had the Prophet approached them to fight s as he had advised them to treat us well, they would not have exceeded in hostility. We are from Allah, and to His shall we return. To Him we complain our hardship; He is Mighty in revenge on the unjust".

His words stirred great sadness in the masses that filled the place with crying and wailing. They sensed the great damage inflicted on Islam and were ready to rebel and revenge.

SEVERAL UPRISINGS

The tragedy of KERBALA was a big shock that awakened heedless people and stirred their abated feelings, hence several uprisings erupted against the infidel rulers. One year only after the battle of KERBALA, a revolution exploded in the city of the Messenger of Allah. The people attacked the UMAYYAD agents and followers. They repealed their allegiance to YAZID and chased his governor out. When YAZID heard of the revolution, he sent a big army led by MUSLIM IBN UQBA to invade Al-Medina. Several hundreds of innocent people were killed at a battle called AL-HARRA. The troops had a free hand to commit all crimes for three days. They plundered properties, destroyed homes, and raped chaste women. Finally, the people of Al-Medina gave in to the aggressive army and swear the oath fed to be YAZID'S slaves. They paid a high price for their indifference when IMAM HUSAIN called for help.

Another uprising started in HIJAZ. It was led by ABDILLAH IBN AL-ZUBAIR, the deadly enemy of the Prophet's family. He waited long to have the opportunity to assume power. The martyrdom of Imam HUSAIN provided him with such an opportunity. Under the cover of revenge for Imam HUSAIN'S blood, he declared his revolution. He never thought of AHLUL BAYT was quite clear.

On seeing revolts start here and there, IBN AL-ZUBAIR was encouraged to fight YAZID. He formed an army and started a battle near holy Mecca. Many people were killed and the holy KA'BA was thrown with fire balls by YAZID'S men. Before the battle was over, YAZID was killed and his men withdrew, in the wake of hearing the news. IBN AL-ZUBAIR enjoyed authority for a while until he was killed by AL-HAJJAJ during ABDUL MALIK IBN MARWAN'S regime.

One of the many revolts that started due to the battle of KERBALA was one very well-known as "The repentant uprising" (THAWRAT AL-TAWWABIN). It started in AL-KUFA in the year 65 of HIJRA, and extended to include AL-BASRA and Al-Median (Iraq), and was labeled: THAWRAT AL-TAWWABIN, after the name of a groups of KUFIANS who expressed their great repentance at their holding back in IMAM HUSAIN'S struggle against infidel YAZID, though they had previously sent him letters to come to KUFA and enjoy their support. They declared their sincere repentance and were led by SULAIMAN IBN AL-SURD AL-KHUZAE'. It is said that their number mounted to 16,000. the repentant left AL-KUFA and headed towards IMAM HUSAIN'S holy gravesite.

They put on their shrouds and swore never to return to their homes until they effected revenge against the killers. They tried to make up for their shortcoming in the battle of KERBALA by killing the Imam's enemies or being themselves martyred. They raised their voices calling revenge for Imam HUSAIN'S blood. Their shouts spread everywhere. When they reached the holy grave, they cried day and night then made their way towards the Syrian territory. They continued reciting the following QURANIC verse: {… therefore turn to your Creator (repentant), so kill yourselves, that is the best for you with your Creator, so He turned to you, surely He is the Oft-returning, the Merciful}. [The Cow: 54].

They met IBN ZIAD'S army on the way and were about to defeat him had no help reached him on time. They continued fighting until they were all killed. Thus they passed away as models of repentance and penitence; thus they left behind for the following generation to inherit the essence of revolution against all oppressors and tyrants of the world. In the wake of YAZID'S death, uprisings increased against the UMAYYAD rule. AL-MUKHTAR IBN UBAID AL-THAQAFI'S revolt started also in KUFA in the year 66 of HIJRA.

AL-MUKHTAR called the KUFIANS to avenge the shedding of the Imam's blood, and many people responded to his call. He put his hand on the official treasure and distributed the money on those who joined him. He controlled the affairs in KUFA and tried to enhance his office through writing to IMAM ZAIN AL-ABIDIN (as) in Medina. He asked for the Imam's support and offered him allegiance. The Imam did not response because he was aware of AL-MUKHTAR'S personal interests. On receiving no answer form the Imam, he wrote to Mohammed son of Imam Ali (as), nicknamed IBN AL-HANAFIYYA (after his mother's name). AL-MUKHTAR spread the rumor that IBN AL-HANAFIYYA was the one entrusted with the Divine bliss and was AL-QAIM (AL-MEHDI) from the Prophet's offspring. He also claimed the support of IBN AL-HANAFIYYA; hence some people believed his lies and a new religions sect, AL-KESANIYYA, came into existence.

THE MIGHTY REVENGE

Anyway, AL-MUKHTAR chased the killers of IMAM HUSAIN (as) and those who participated in fight against him, especially their leaders such as IBN SA'AD, IBN ZIAD, and their likes. He spared none of them and revenged in similar manner of their own practice against IMAM HUSAIN and his companions. He was a deadly enemy of the UMAYYADS. Finally, he caught IBN ZIAD and beheaded him. He sent his head along with the head of IBN SA'AD, some presents, and a maid to IMAM ZAIN AL-ABIDIN (AS).

On seeing the two heads, the IMAM (AS) threw himself on the ground in prostration, thanking Allah the Almighty. He said, "Praise is due to Allah who achieved for me revenge on my enemies. May Allah best reward AL-MUKHTAR". He (as) accepted the presents and married the maid who gave birth to his son: ZAID IBN ALI. ZAID grew up a firm struggler for the sake of Allah's religion. He led a revolt against the UMAYYADS' rule and was blessed with martyrdom. Thus, he conveyed the message of his righteous forefathers and struggled until he was killed for the sake of Allah.

IMAM ZAIN AL-ABIBIN PERSONAL QUALITIES

The Imam (as) resembled his two grandfathers: the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) and Imam Ali (as), in morals and ethics. He was of sound religious knowledge of QURANIC sciences. He was generous, pious and of sublime demeanor. It is related that he was one day in the presence of the UMAYYAD caliph UMAR IBN ABDIL AZIZ. When he left, the caliph asked the attendants, "Who is the most honorable of all creatures?" some of the flatterers said, "Your Excellency, you are". The caliph said, "No I am not. it is he who has just left".

This incident indicated his sublime status and the respect he enjoyed among the people. Another indication of his sublime morals and forgiveness is linked to MARWAN IBN AL-HAKAM, the deadly enemy of AHLUL BAYT, peace be upon them. AL-HAKAM was the one who advised Al-Medina's governor to kill IMAM HUSAIN when the Imam refused to swear the oath of allegiance to infidel YAZID. AL-HAKAM was also among those who fought Imam Ali (as) in the battle of the camel and in SIFFIN. Yet, none could spare AL-HAKAM'S family from the citizens' wrath and revenge except Imam ZAIN AL-ABIDIN. That was on the day when the inhabitants of Al-Medina rebelled against the UMAYYAD domination. The IMAM (AS) provided AL-HAKAM'S women and children a safe haven with his own family.

Such high morals are confined to those infallible figures chosen by Allah the Almighty. IMAM ZAIN AL-ABIDIN'S qualities were not different from his grandfather's. the Messenger of Allah pardoned the infidels and the hypocrites after the invasion of Mecca. He (P.B.U.H.) set free all those who were supposed to be punished for their crimes against the early Muslims and the Prophet himself.

Similarly, Imam Ali (as) pardoned MARWAN IBN AL-HAKAM who participated in the battle of the camel. He set him free, though he could have punished him as a criminal of war. He let him go though he was sure that MARWAN would join MUAWIA'S camp and fight him in SIFFIN, as he actually did. Surely such is the HASHIMI generosity and forgiveness. His other outstanding characteristic was his unique generosity. Many needy families lived on his personal help. He used to carry food to them, under disguise, so they never knew his real identity until he was blessed with martyrdom and no longer came to assist them. They said, "We missed the secret alms at the demise of Ali son of AL-HUSAIN, ZAIN AL-ABIDIN, peace be on him".

AL-SAHIFA AL-SAJJADIYYA AND RISALT AL-HUQOOQ

His profound knowledge was extremely deep. Although he was not allowed to hold meetings to address attendants in mosque in order to guide them to the right path, he resorted to other means. He conveyed his message though DU'A and glorification of Allah. He left on record more than sixty supplications (DU'A) compiled in AL-SAHIFA AL-SAJJADIYYA, related later by his two sons, IMAM AL-BAQIR and ZAIN IBN ALI, along with other trustworthy followers.

Up to the present day, the believers recite those supplications and glorifications. They are full of Islamic ethics and morals that bring the believers nearer to Allah the Almighty. He (as) also recorded for his followers long pages telling them their duties and rights towards each other in 50 items known as RISALT AL-HUQOOQ. The items include all kinds of relations and duties towards: brothers, neighbors, friends, spouses, rulers, and so on. In addition, many sagacious statements are related to him (as).

There is no wonder at such abundant knowledge, since he (as) is the fourth of the infallible purified Imams who are inheritors of Prophetic sciences and Divine knowledge. They are bright torches that lead mankind tohe right path.