Uyun Akhbar, Al-Reza: The Source of Traditions on Imam Ridha' (A.S.) Volume 1

Uyun Akhbar, Al-Reza: The Source of Traditions on Imam Ridha' (A.S.) 0%

Uyun Akhbar, Al-Reza: The Source of Traditions on Imam Ridha' (A.S.) Author:
Translator: Dr. Ali Peiravi
Publisher: Ansariyan Publications – Qum
Category: Imam al-Reza
ISBN: 964-438-789-9

Uyun Akhbar, Al-Reza: The Source of Traditions on Imam Ridha' (A.S.)

Author: Sheikh Sadooq
Translator: Dr. Ali Peiravi
Publisher: Ansariyan Publications – Qum
Category:

ISBN: 964-438-789-9
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Uyun Akhbar, Al-Reza: The Source of Traditions on Imam Ridha' (A.S.)

Uyun Akhbar, Al-Reza: The Source of Traditions on Imam Ridha' (A.S.) Volume 1

Author:
Publisher: Ansariyan Publications – Qum
ISBN: 964-438-789-9
English

Chapter 16: Al-Ridha’'s Words on the People of the Ditch

16-1 Ahmad ibn Ziyad ibn Ja'far al-Hamadani - may God be pleased with him - narrated that Ali ibn Ibrahim ibn Hashem quoted on the authority of his father, on the authority of Abul Salt Abdus-Salam ibn Salih al-Harawi, on the authority of Ali ibn Musa Al-Ridha’ (a.s.), on the authority of

فَقَالَ الْمَأْمُونُ: لَقَدْ شَفَيْتَ صَدْرِي يَا بْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، وَأَوْضَحْتَ لِي مَا كَانَ مُلْتَبِساً عَلَيَّ، فَجَزَاكَ اللَّهُ عَنْ أَنْبِيَائِهِ وَعَنِ الإِسْلامِ خَيْراً.

قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْجَهْمِ: فَقَامَ الْمَأْمُونُ إِلَى الصَّلاةِ وَأَخَذَ بِيَدِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَكَانَ حَاضِرَ الَْمجْلِسِ، وَتَبِعْتُهُمَا. فَقَالَ لَهُ الْمَأْمُونُ: كَيْفَ رَأَيْتَ ابْنَ أَخِيكَ؟

فَقَالَ: عَالِمٌ، وَلَمْ نَرَهُ يَخْتَلِفُ إِلَى أَحَدٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ.

فَقَالَ الْمَأْمُونُ: إِنَّ ابْنَ أَخِيكَ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِ النَّبِيِّ الَّذِينَ قَالَ‏ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ فِيهِمْ: أَلاَ إِنَّ أَبْرَارَ عِتْرَتِي وَأَطَايِبَ أُرُومَتِي أَحْلَمُ النَّاسِ صِغَاراً وَأَعْلَمُ النَّاسِ كِبَاراً، لا تُعَلِّمُوهُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ أَعْلَمُ مِنْكُمْ، لا يُخْرِجُونَكُمْ مِنْ بَابِ هُدًى وَلا يُدْخِلُونَكُمْ فِي بَابِ ضَلالٍ.

وَانْصَرَفَ الرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ إِلَى مَنْزِلِهِ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ مِنَ الْغَدِ غَدَوْتُ عَلَيْهِ وَأَعْلَمْتُهُ مَا كَانَ مِنْ قَوْلِ الْمَأْمُونِ وَجَوَابِ عَمِّهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ لَهُ. فَضَحِكَ‏ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ ثُمَّ قَالَ: يَا بْنَ الْجَهْمِ، لا يَغُرَّنَّكَ مَا سَمِعْتَهُ مِنْهُ فَإِنَّهُ سَيَغْتَالُنِي، وَاللَّهُ يَنْتَقِمُ لِي مِنْهُ.

قالَ مُصَنِّفُ هذا الْكِتاب: هذا الْحَدِيثُ غَريبٌ مِن طَرِيق عَلِىِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الجَهْمِ مَعَ نَصبِه وَبُغضِهِ وَعَداوَتِهِ لأهْلِ البِيْت‏ عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ.

16- بابُ ما جاءَ عَنِ الرِّضا عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ من حَدِيث أَصْحاب الرس

1 - حَدَّثَنا أَحْمَدِ بْنِ زِيادِ بْنِ جَعْفَر الْهَمَذانيّ قالَ: حَدَّثَنا عَلِىِّ بْنِ إِبراهِيمِ بْنِ هاشِم، عَن أَبيهِ قالَ: حَدَّثَنا أَبُو الصَّلْتِ عَبْد السَّلامُ بْنِ صالِح الهَرَوِيِّ قـالَ: حَدَّثَنـا عَلِىِّ بْنِ مُوسَـى

his father Musa ibn Ja'far (a.s.), on the authority of his father Ja'far ibn Muhammad (a.s.), on the authority of his father Muhammad ibn Ali (a.s.), on the authority of his father Muhammad ibn Ali (a.s.), on the authority of his father Ali ibn Al-Husayn (a.s.), on the authority of his father Al-Husayn ibn Ali (a.s.) that a man called Amr, who was one of the noble men of Tamim clan went to see Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s.) three days before he was martyred and asked, “O Commander of the Faithful! Please inform me about the People of the Ditch. Which era did the People of the Ditch live in? Where were their homes? Who was their king? Did God the Almighty send a Prophet to them or not? How were they destroyed? Their name is mentioned in God's Book but there is no news about them there.” Then Ali (a.s.) said, “You have asked me about something that no one else had asked me about before. No one will tell you anything about it after me, unless they quote me. There are no verses in the Almighty God's Book that I do not know. I also know the interpretation of all the verses. I know were they have been revealed - in the mountain or in the valley. I know at what time they have been revealed - at night or in the daytime.” At this point, Imam Ali (a.s.) pointed at his chest and said, “Here there is a lot of knowledge. However, there are very few who seek it. Soon they will be sorry when they lose me.”

The Imam continued, “O Brother from the Tamim clan! This is their account. They were a tribe that worshipped a pine tree which they called Shah Derakht1 . Yafith ibn Noah had planted it beside a spring called Dooshab. This spring had gushed out for Noah (a.s.) after the Flood. They were called the People of the Ditch because they dug their homes out of the ground.2 They lived after Soleiman ibn Dawood (Prophet Solomon) (a.s.). They had twelve towns next to a river from the Eastern lands called Ras. The river was named ‘Ras’ after them. At that time there were no other rivers on the Earth so overflowing with such delicious water. There were also no towns that were more developed than they were. The twelve towns were called Aban, Azar, Day, Bahman, Isfandar, Farvardin, Ordibehesht, Khordad, Mordad, Tir, Mehr, and Shahrivar, respectively. The largest of the towns was Isfandar in which their king lived. His name was Tarkoozabn Qaboorabn Yarashabn Sazanabn Nomroodabn Kan'an3 . Kan'an was the Pharaoh of (the era of) Abraham (a.s.). The spring and the pine tree were located in this town. They had planted one of the seeds of that pine tree in each town. The seeds had grown into large trees. They

الرِّضا عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ، عَن أَبِيهِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَر عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ عَنْ أَبيهِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّد عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ، عَن أَبيهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِى‏ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ، عَن أَبيهِ عَلِىِّ بْنِ الحُسَيْن‏ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ، عَن أَبيهِ الحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِى‏ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ قالَ: أَتَى عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ‏ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ قَبْلَ مَقْتَلِهِ بِثَلاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَشْرَافِ تَمِيمٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ عَمْرٌو فَقَالَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ أَصْحَابِ الرَّسِّ فِي أَيِّ عَصْرٍ كَانُوا وَأَيْنَ كَانَتْ مَنَازِلُهُمْ وَمَنْ كَانَ مَلِكَهُمْ وَهَلْ بَعَثَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ إِلَيْهِمْ رَسُولاً أَمْ لا وَبِمَا ذَا أُهْلِكُوا فَإِنِّي أَجِدُ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ذِكْرَهُمْ وَلا أَجِدُ خَبَرَهُمْ فَقَالَ لَهُ عَلِيٌ‏ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ لَقَدْ سَأَلْتَ عَنْ حَدِيثٍ مَا سَأَلَنِي عَنْهُ أَحَدٌ قَبْلَكَ وَلا يُحَدِّثُكَ بِهِ أَحَدٌ بَعْدِي إِلا عَنِّي وَمَا فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ آيَةٌ إِلا وَأَنَا أَعْرِفُ تَفْسِيرَهَا وَفِي أَيِّ مَكَانٍ نَزَلَتْ مِنْ سَهْلٍ أَوْ جَبَلٍ وَفِي أَيِّ وَقْتٍ نَزَلَتْ مِنْ لَيْلٍ أَوْ نَهَارٍ وَإِنَّ هَاهُنَا لَعِلْماً جَمّاً وَأَشَارَ إِلَى صَدْرِهِ وَلَكِنَّ طُلابَهُ يَسِيرٌ وَعَنْ قَلِيلٍ يَنْدَمُونَ لَوْ فَقَدُونِي قَالَ كَانَ مِنْ قِصَّتِهِمْ يَا أَخَا تَمِيمٍ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا قَوْماً يَعْبُدُونَ شَجَرَةَ صَنَوْبَرٍ يُقَالُ لَهَا شَاهْ دَرَخْتْ كَانَ يَافِثُ بْنُ نُوحٍ غَرَسَهَا عَلَى شَفِيرِ عَيْنٍ يُقَالُ لَهَا رُوشَابُ كَانَتْ أُنْبِطَتْ لِنُوحٍ‏ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ بَعْدَ الطُّوفَانِ وَإِنَّمَا سُمُّوا أَصْحَابَ الرَّسِّ لانَّهُمْ رَسُّوا نَبِيَّهُمْ فِي الأَرْضِ وَذَلِكَ بَعْدَ سُلَيَْمانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ وَكَانَتْ لَهُمْ اثْنَتَا عَشْرَةَ قَرْيَةً عَلَى شَاطِئِ نَهَرٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ الرَّسُّ مِنْ بِلادِ الْمَشْرِقِ وَبِهِمْ سُمِّيَ ذَلِكَ النَّهَرُ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ يَوْمَئِذٍ فِي الأَرْضِ نَهَرٌ أَغْزَرُ مِنْهُ وَلا أَعْذَبُ مِنْهُ وَلا قُرًى أَكْثَرُ وَلا أَعْمَرُ مِنْهَا تُسَمَّى إِحْدَاهُنَّ أَبَانَ وَالثَّانِيَةُ آذَرَ وَالثَّالِثَةُ دَيْ وَالرَّابِعَةُ بَهْمَنَ وَالْخَامِسَةُ إِسْفَنْدَارَ وَالسَّادِسَةُ فَرْوَرْدِينَ وَالسَّابِعَةُ أُرْدِيبِهِشْتَ وَالثَّامِنَةُ خُرْدَادَ وَالتَّاسِعَةُ مُرْدَادَ وَالْعَاشِرَةُ تِيرَ وَالْحَادِي عَشْرَةَ مِهْرَ وَالثَّانِي عَشْرَةَ شَهْرِيوَرْدَ [شَهْرِيوَرَ] وَكَانَتْ أَعْظَمَ مَدَائِنِهِمْ إِسْفَنْدَارُ وَهِيَ الَّتِي يَنْزِلُهَا مَلِكُهُمْ وَكَانَ يُسَمَّى تركوذ بْنَ غابور بْنِ يارش بْنِ سازن بْنِ نُمْرُودَ بْنِ كَنْعَانَ فِرْعَوْنَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَبِهَا الْعَيْنُ وَالصَّنَوْبَرَةُ وَقَدْ غَرَسُوا فِي كُلِّ قَرْيَةٍ مِنْهَا حَبَّةً مِنْ طَلْعِ تِلْكَ الصَّنَوْبَرَةِ وَأَجْرَوْا إِلَيْهَا نَهَراً مِنَ الْعَيْنِ الَّتِي عِنْدَ الصَّنَوْبَرَةِ فَنَبَتَتِ الْحَبَّةُ وَصَارَتْ شَجَرَةً عَظِيمَةً وَحَرَّمُوا مَاءَ الْعَيْنِ وَالأَنْهَارِ فَلا يَشْرَبُونَ مِنْهَا وَلا أَنْعَـامُهُـمْ

had made it forbidden to use the water from the spring and the rivers. Neither the animals nor the people were allowed to drink it. They would kill anyone who drank it. They said, ‘This water is the source of life of our gods. It is not right for anyone to reduce their life span.’ They themselves and their animals used to drink from the ‘Ras’ River along which the towns were built. They had set up celebrations in each town every month of the year. The people of town would gather around the town's large pine, and set up a large silk tent that was full of colorful designs around the pine tree. Then they would bring sheep and cows and offer them for sacrifice to that tree. Then they would pile up wood on the animals that they had slaughtered, and set them on fire. Once the smoke from the fire filled up the air and blocked off the sky from their view, they would then fall in prostration to the tree. They would cry to please the tree. Satan would also come and shake the tree, and yell from the trunk of the tree like a child and say, ‘O my servants! I am pleased with you. Be happy and blessed.’ Then they would lift their heads from their prostration. They drank wine and played music with cymbals. They would spend the whole day and night this way and then leave.

The Persians adopted the names of those towns for their months and called them Aban, Azar, etc., since the people of those towns used to say that this is the day of celebration for that month. On the day of celebration all the people in the largest village - whether young or old - gathered together in the town and set up a silver tent full of colorful designs near the spring and the pine tree. The tent had twelve entrances - each assigned to the people of one of the towns. They would make prostrations to the pine tree in front of the tent, and sacrificed many more animals than they sacrificed for the pine tree in the smaller villages. Satan would come to that tree and shake the pine really hard. He would talk loudly from within the tree, and promise them a lot of fake promises - much more than all the other Satans did. The people would raise their heads from making prostrations and would pass out due to extreme happiness and pleasure. They could not talk since they drank too much and listened to too much music. They would spend twelve days and nights - as many days as they had celebrations during the year - celebrating that way. Then they would leave.

When disbelief in the Almighty God, and worship of others than God spread amongst them, the Almighty God sent them a Prophet from the

وَمَنْ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ قَتَلُوهُ وَيَقُولُونَ هُوَحَيَاةُ آلِهَتِنَا فَلا يَنْبَغِي لاحَدٍ أَنْ يَنْقُصَ مِنْ حَيَاتِهَا وَيَشْرَبُونَ هُمْ وَأَنْعَامُهُمْ مِنْ نَهَرِ الرَّسِّ الَّذِي عَلَيْه قُرَاهُمْ وَقَدْ جَعَلُوا فِي كُلِّ شَهْرٍ مِنَ السَّنَةِ فِي كُلِّ قَرْيَةٍ عِيداً يَجْتَمِعُ إِلَيْهِ أَهْلُهَا فَيَضْرِبُونَ عَلَى الشَّجَرَةِ الَّتِي بِهَا كِلَّهً مِنْ حَرِيرٍ فِيهَا مِنْ أَنْوَاعِ الصُّوَرِ ثُمَّ يَأْتُونَ بِشَاءٍ وَبَقَرٍ فَيَذْبَحُونَهَا قُرْبَاناً لِلشَّجَرَةِ وَيُشْعِلُونَ فِيهَا النِّيرَانَ بِالْحَطَبِ فَإِذَا سَطَحَ دُخَانُ تِلْكَ الذَّبَائِحِ وَقُتَارُهَا فِي الْهَوَاءِ وَحَالَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ النَّظَرِ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ خَرُّوا لِلشَّجَرَةِ سُجَّداً يَبْكُونَ وَيَتَضَرَّعُونَ إِلَيْهَا أَنْ تَرْضَى عَنْهُمْ فَكَانَ الشَّيْطَانُ يَجِي‏ءُ فَيُحَرِّكُ أَغْصَانَهَا وَيَصِيحُ مِنْ سَاقِهَا صِيَاحَ الصَّبِيِّ إِنِّي قَدْ رَضِيتُ عَنْكُمْ عِبَادِي فَطِيبُوا نَفْساً وَقَرُّوا عَيْناً فَيَرْفَعُونَ رُءُوسَهُمْ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ وَيَشْرَبُونَ الْخَمْرَ وَيَضْرِبُونَ بِالْمَعَازِفِ وَيَأْخُذُونَ الدَّسْتْبَنْدَ فَيَكُونُونَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ يَوْمَهُمْ وَلَيْلَتَهُمْ ثُمَّ يَنْصَرِفُونَ وَإِنَّمَا سَمَّتِ الْعَجَمُ شُهُورَهَا بِأَبَانْ مَاهَ وَآذَرْ مَاهَ وَغَيْرِهِمَا اشْتِقَاقاً مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ تِلْكَ الْقُرَى لِقَوْلِ أَهْلِهَا بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ هَذَا عِيدُ شَهْرِ كَذَا وَعِيدُ شَهْرِ كَذَا حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ عِيدُ قَرْيَتِهِمُ الْعُظْمَى اجْتَمَعَ إِلَيْهَا صَغِيرُهُمْ وَكَبِيرُهُمْ فَضَرَبُوا عِنْدَ الصَّنَوْبَرَةِ وَالْعَيْنِ سُرَادِقاً مِنْ دِيبَاجٍ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَنْوَاعِ الصُّوَرِ وَجَعَلُوا لَهُ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ بَاباً كُلُّ بَابٍ لاهْلِ قَرْيَةٍ مِنْهُمْ وَيَسْجُدُونَ لِلصَّنَوْبَرَةِ خَارِجاً مِنَ السُّرَادِقِ وَيُقَرِّبُونَ لَهَا الذَّبَائِحَ أَضْعَافَ مَا قَرَّبُوا لِلشَّجَرَةِ الَّتِي فِي قُرَاهُمْ فَيَجِي‏ءُ إِبْلِيسُ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ فَيُحَرِّكُ الصَّنَوْبَرَةَ تَحْرِيكاً شَدِيداً وَيَتَكَلَّمُ مِنْ جَوْفِهَا كَلاماً جَهْوَرِيّاً وَيَعِدُهُمْ وَيُمَنِّيهِمْ بِأَكْثَرَ مِمَّا وَعَدَتْهُمْ وَمَنَّتْهُمُ الشَّيَاطِينُ كُلُّهَا فَيَرْفَعُونَ رُءُوسَهُمْ مِنَ السُّجُودِ وَبِهِمْ مِنَ الْفَرَحِ وَالنَّشَاطِ مَا لا يُفِيقُونَ وَلا يَتَكَلَّمُونَ مِنَ الشُّرْبِ وَالْعَزْفِ فَيَكُونُونَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ يَوْماً وَلَيَالِيَهَا بِعَدَدِ أَعْيَادِهِمْ سَائِرَ السَّنَةِ ثُمَّ يَنْصَرِفُونَ فَلَمَّا طَالَ كُفْرُهُمْ بِاللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَعِبَادَتُهُمْ غَيْرَهُ بَعَثَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ إِلَيْهِمْ نَبِيّـاً مِنْ بَنِي إِسْـرَائِيلَ مِنْ وُلْدِ يَهُـودَا بْنِ

Children of Israel - one of the sons of Yahooda ibn Yaqoob (Jacob’s son). He was among them for a very long time and invited them to recognize the Almighty God and worship Him. However, they did not obey him. When he realized that they were at a great loss and rejected his invitation to development and progress, he attended the celebrations held in the biggest town and said, ‘O God! These servants of yours do nothing but deny me and reject you. They worship a tree that neither harms them nor has any benefits. Please dry up all the trees and show them your power and grandeur.’ The next morning all the trees had withered. This scared the people. They felt hopeless and powerless and got divided into two groups. Some said, ‘This man who claims to be the Messenger of the Lord of the Heavens and the Earth has bewitched your gods in order to redirect your attention from our gods to his God.’ The other group said, ‘No. Your gods have seen this man find their faults and he says irrelevant things about them. They have become angry since he invites you to his God. Thus the gods have covered up the beauty of the trees from you so that you get angry and take their revenge against this man.’

Therefore, they all decided to kill him. They brought long, big, lead pipes and mounted them one on top of another from the depth of the spring up until the surface of the water. Then they emptied the water in them and dug a deep well in the bottom of the pipes with a narrow opening on top. They threw their Prophet in the well, put a big rock on top of the well and removed the pipes. They said, ‘Now our gods saw that we killed the person who talked bad about them and prevented us from worshipping them. They saw that we buried him under the greatest god so that he would be pleased. We hope our gods have become happy with us now, and the blossoms and the freshness return to us like before.’ The people could hear their Prophet moan all day and say, ‘O God! You see the tightness of this place and the extent of my discomfort. Have mercy on my weakness and my not having any way out. Please rush to take my life. Do not procrastinate the acceptance of my prayer.’ He (a.s.) finally died. The Almighty God asked Gabriel, ‘O Gabriel! Can these servants who have been fooled by My Patience imagine that they are secure from My Wrath having killed My Prophet, and worshipped gods other than Me? How can they imagine that they can withstand My Wrath and depart from the Domain of My Reign? How? I take revenge against whoever disobeys Me and does not fear My Chastisement. I have sworn

يَعْقُوبَ فَلَبِثَ فِيهِمْ زَمَاناً طَوِيلاً يَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى عِبَادَةِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَمَعْرِفَةِ رُبُوبِيَّتِهِ فَلا يَتَّبِعُونَهُ فَلَمَّا رَأَى شِدَّةَ تَمَادِيهِمْ فِي الْغَيِّ وَالضَّلالِ وَتَرْكَهُمْ قَبُولَ مَا دَعَاهُمْ إِلَيْهِ مِنَ الرُّشْدِ وَالنَّجَاحِ وَحَضَرَ عِيدُ قَرْيَتِهِمُ الْعُظْمَى قَالَ يَا رَبِّ إِنَّ عِبَادَكَ أَبَوْا إِلا تَكْذِيبِي وَالْكُفْرَ بِكَ وَغَدَوْا يَعْبُدُونَ شَجَرَةً لا تَنْفَعُ وَلا تَضُرُّ فَأَيْبِسْ شَجَرَهُمْ أَجْمَعَ وَأَرِهِمْ قُدْرَتَكَ وَسُلْطَانَكَ فَأَصْبَحَ الْقَوْمُ وَقَدْ يَبِسَ شَجَرُهُمْ كُلُّهَا فَهَالَهُمْ ذَلِكَ وَقُطِعَ بِهِمْ وَصَارُوا فِرْقَتَيْنِ فِرْقَةٌ قَالَتْ سَحَرَ آلِهَتَكُمْ هَذَا الرَّجُلُ الَّذِي زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ رَسُولُ رَبِّ السَّمَاءِ وَالأَرْضِ إِلَيْكُمْ لِيَصْرِفَ وُجُوهَكُمْ عَنْ آلِهَتِكُمْ إِلَى إِلَهِهِ وَفِرْقَةٌ قَالَتْ لا بَلْ غَضِبَتْ آلِهَتُكُمْ حِينَ رَأَتْ هَذَا الرَّجُلَ يَعِيبُهَا وَيَقَعُ فِيهَا وَيَدْعُوكُمْ إِلَى عِبَادَةِ غَيْرِهَا فَحَجَبَتْ حُسْنَهَا وَبَهَاءَهَا لِكَيْ تَغْضَبُوا لَهَا فَتَنْتَصِرُوا مِنْهُ فَأَجْمَعَ رَأْيُهُمْ عَلَى قَتْلِهِ فَاتَّخَذُوا أَنَابِيبَ طِوَالاً مِنْ رَصَاصٍ وَاسِعَةَ الأَفْوَاهِ ثُمَّ أَرْسَلُوهَا فِي قَرَارِ الْعَيْنِ إِلَى أَعْلَى الْمَاءِ وَاحِدَةً فَوْقَ الأُخْرَى مِثْلَ الْبَرَابِخِ وَنَزَحُوا مَا فِيهَا مِنَ الْمَاءِ ثُمَّ حَفَرُوا فِي قَرَارِهَا بِئْراً ضَيِّقَةَ الْمَدْخَلِ عَمِيقَةً وَأَرْسَلُوا فِيهَا نَبِيَّهُمْ وَأَلْقَمُوا فَاهَا صَخْرَةً عَظِيمَةً ثُمَّ أَخْرَجُوا الأَنَابِيبَ مِنَ الْمَاءِ وَقَالُوا نَرْجُو الآْنَ أَنْ تَرْضَى عَنَّا آلِهَتُنَا إِذَا رَأَتْ أَنَّا قَدْ قَتَلْنَا مَنْ كَانَ يَقَعُ فِيهَا وَيَصُدُّنَا عَنْ عِبَادَتِهَا وَدَفَنَّاهُ تَحْتَ كَبِيرِهَا يَتَشَفَّى مِنْهُ فَيَعُودَ لَنَا نُورُهَا وَنَضْرَتُهَا كَمَا كَانَ فَبَقُوا عَامَّةَ يَوْمِهِمْ يَسْمَعُونَ أَنِينَ نَبِيِّهِمْ وَهُوَيَقُولُ سَيِّدِي قَدْ تَرَى ضِيقَ مَكَانِي وَشِدَّةَ كَرْبِي فَارْحَمْ ضَعْفَ رُكْنِي وَقِلَّةَ حِيلَتِي وَعَجِّلْ بِقَبْضِ رُوحِي وَلا تُؤَخِّرْ إِجَابَةَ دَعْوَتِي حَتَّى مَاتَ فَقَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ جَلالُهُ لِجَبْرَئِيلَ يَا جَبْرَئِيلُ أَيَظُنُّ عِبَادِي هَؤُلاءِ الَّذِينَ غَرَّهُم حِلْمِي وَأَمِنُوا مَكْرِي وَعَبَدُوا غَيْرِي وَقَتَلُوا رَسُولِي أَنْ يَقُومُوا لِغَضَبِي أَوْ يَخْرُجُوا مِنْ سُلْطَانِي كَيْفَ وَأَنَا الْمُنْتَقِمُ مِمَّنْ عَصَانِي وَلَمْ يَخْشَ عِقَـابِي

by My Majesty and Honor that I will establish them as lessons for the people of the world to take heed of.’ God scared them with red winds and they were wandering about the storm. They were scared and sought refuge in each other. However, the ground turned into blazing sulphur under their feet, and a black cloud overshadowed them and dropped a molten dome - like fire over them. Their bodies melted in fire like lead. We take refuge in God the Almighty from His Wrath and Chastisement. And there is no power nor any strength but in God the Sublime the Great.

Notes

1. It means “King Tree” in Farsi.

2. “Ashab” means people of and “Ras” means digging or hiding something. They were called “Ashab ar-Ras.”

3. In Tafsir-I-Abul Fotooh we read, “Tarkoon ibn Amoor ibn Navosh ibn Shavoon ibn Namroodabn Kan’an” (v.8, p.273).

Chapter 17: Imam Al-Ridha’'s Words On The Interpretation Of The Almighty God's Words, ‘And We Ransomed Him With A Momentous Sacrifice

Chapter 17: Imam Al-Ridha’'s Words On The Interpretation Of The Almighty God's Words, ‘And We Ransomed Him With A Momentous Sacrifice.’1

17-1 Abdul Wahid ibn Muhammad ibn Ubdoos a-Neishaboori al-Attar narrated in the (Arabic) month of Sha'ban of the year 352 A.H. (964 A.D.) in Neishaboor that Fadhl ibn Shadan said, “I heard Imam Al-Ridha’ (a.s.) say that Abraham (a.s.) wished that he had sacrificed his own son Ishmael when God the Almighty the Sublime sent a sheep and ordered Abraham (a.s.) to sacrifice it instead of his son. He wished that he had not been ordered to sacrifice a sheep instead of his son, so that he could have the feeling a father who sacrifices his dearest son with his own hands has, and could deserve the highest ranks of reward for suffering calamities. However, God the Almighty revealed to him, “O Abraham! Who is My dearest creature in your eyes?” Abraham (a.s.) said, “O my Lord! You have not created anyone who is dearer to me than your friend Muhammad (a.s.).” Then God the Almighty revealed to him, ‘O Abraham! Do you like him more or do you like yourself more?’ He said, “No, I like him more than I like myself.” God said, “Do you like his child or do you like your child more?” He said, “His child.” God said, “Will the oppressive beheading of his child by his enemies hurt you more, or your beheading your own child in My obedience?” He said, “O My Lord. Of course, the beheading of his child by his enemies will hurt me more” God said, “O Abraham! A group of people who consider themselves to be a part of Muhammad's (a.s.) nation out of animosity and oppression will

وَإِنِّي حَلَفْتُ بِعِزَّتِي لاجْعَلَنَّهُمْ عِبْرَةً وَنَكَالاً لِلْعَالَمِينَ فَلَمْ يَرُعْهُمْ وَهُمْ فِي عِيدِهِمْ ذَلِكَ إِلا بِرِيحٍ عَاصِفٍ شَدِيدَةِ الْحُمْرَةِ فَتَحَيَّرُوا فِيهَا وَذُعِرُوا مِنْهَا وَتَضَامَّ بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى بَعْضٍ ثُمَّ صَارَتِ الأَرْضُ مِنْ تَحْتِهِمْ حَجَرَ كِبْرِيتٍ يَتَوَقَّدُ وَأَظَلَّتْهُمْ سَحَابَةٌ سَوْدَاءُ فَأَلْقَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ كَالْقُبَّةِ جَمْراً يَلْتَهِبُ فَذَابَتْ أَبْدَانُهُمْ كَمَا يَذُوبُ الرَّصَاصُ فِي النَّارِ فَنَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ تَعَالَى ذِكْرُهُ مِنْ غَضَبِهِ وَنُزُولِ نَقِمَتِهِ وَلا حَوْلَ وَلا قُوَّةَ إِلا بِاللَّهِ الْعَلِيِّ الْعَظِيمِ.

17- بابُ ما جاءَ عَنِ الرِّضا عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ فِي تَفسِير قَوْلَ اللَّه عَزَّ وَجَلَّ (وَفَدَيناهُ بِذِبحٍ عَظِيمٍ)‏

1 - حَدَّثَنا عَبْد الواحِدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدُوسٍ النِيْسابُوري العَطَّار بِنِيْسابُورَ فِي شَعْبانَ سِنَةِ اِثْنَتَيْنِ وَخَمْسِينَ وَثَلاثِمائَةٍ قالَ: حَدَّثَنا مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِىِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قُتَيْبَةَ النِيْسابُوري عَنْ الفَضْلِ بْنِ شاذان قالَ: سَمِعتُ الرِّضا عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ يَقُولُ لَمَّا أَمَرَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ‏ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ أَنْ يَذْبَحَ مَكَانَ ابْنِهِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْكَبْشَ الَّذِي أَنْزَلَهُ عَلَيْهِ تَمَنَّى إِبْرَاهِيمُ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَدْ ذَبَحَ ابْنَهُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بِيَدِهِ وَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يُؤْمَرْ بِذَبْحِ الْكَبْشِ مَكَانَهُ لِيَرْجِعَ إِلَى قَلْبِهِ مَا يَرْجِعُ إِلَى قَلْبِ الْوَالِدِ الَّذِي يَذْبَحُ أَعَزَّ وُلْدِهِ عَلَيْهِ بِيَدِهِ فَيَسْتَحِقَّ بِذَلِكَ أَرْفَعَ دَرَجَاتِ أَهْلِ الثَّوَابِ عَلَى الْمَصَائِبِ فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ إِلَيْهِ يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ مَنْ أَحَبُّ خَلْقِي إِلَيْكَ فَقَالَ يَا رَبِّ مَا خَلَقْتَ خَلْقاً هُوَأَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ حَبِيبِكَ مُحَمَّدٍ فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ أَفَهُوَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْكَ أَمْ نَفْسُكَ قَالَ بَلْ هُوَأَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ نَفْسِي قَالَ فَوَلَدُهُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْكَ أَمْ وَلَدُكَ قَالَ بَلْ وَلَدُهُ قَالَ فَذَبْحُ وَلَدِهِ ظُلْماً عَلَى أَيْدِي أَعْدَائِهِ أَوْجَعُ لِقَلْبِكَ أَوْ ذَبْحُ وَلَدِكَ بِيَدِكَ فِي طَاعَتِي قَالَ يَا رَبِّ بَلْ ذَبْحُهُ عَلَى أَيْدِي أَعْدَائِهِ أَوْجَعُ لِقَلْبِي قَالَ يَـا إِبْرَاهِيمُ فَإِنَّ طَـائِفَةً

slaughter his son Husayn just like a sheep. Thus they will deserve My wrath.” Then Abraham (a.s.) became really sad hearing this, felt a pain in his heart and started to cry. Then the Almighty God revealed the following to him, ‘O Abraham! I accepted your sorrow and sadness due to the slaughtering of Husayn instead of the sorrow you would have experienced for the sacrifice of your son Ishmael. And I will grant you the highest rewards for suffering calamities.” And these are God the Almighty’s words, ‘And We ransomed him with a momentous sacrifice.’2 And there is no power nor any strength but in God.

Notes

1. Qur’an, 37:107

2. Qur’an, 37:107