Alhassanain(p) Network for Heritage and Islamic Thought

The Exigency of Discussion about Fatima (peace be upon her):

The fact that Fatima (peace be upon her) is discussed is owing to some reasons, mentioned in brief:

Firstly, today is Fatima’s birthday anniversary, and naturally, in such an auspicious time that occurs once a year, we would take steps to discuss her character in order to know her and make her known as well.

Secondly, the discussion is about a woman, who has played many crucial roles in her life. Although she has got a short life, the book of her life is in a way that every page of it, is a lesson of life for us and the next generations; a lesson, having a new point to teach every time we study. Studying her life is instructive and a factor for reforming and improving the society. Because, we believe that if the women are amended in a society, the people will be amended and the society will be developed.

Thirdly, the discussion of Fatima (peace be upon her) is in fact the discussion of a mother, the source of amendment. It is she, who brings up healthy and duteous children, and delivers them to the society. It is she, who takes the responsibility of the generation leadership, etc.

Who is the sample of our mothers to bring up healthy children? Isn’t it better that Fatima (peace be upon her) be the teacher of motherhood classes?

Fatima (peace be upon her) is a mother, a fidle, steadfast, leading, mother, that despite poverty, educated her children well because of love. She was her children’s life shelter, inspired the (spirit of) love and fidelity in them, and taught them the way of life as well as self-sacrifice. If we teach Fatima’s point of views to others, we have established a way for the society prosperity.

Fourthly, discussing Fatima (peace be upon her) as well as introducing her character is a resolver for all, because in our era that is the era of philosophy and ideology miscellany, some have been puzzled how to approach the clear purpose of life. They don’t know what to do and where to go! The samples are presented in magazines and newspapers, that is not clear where their materials cOmme from. Due to this fact, the world, especially the wOmmen’s world, is losing its last shelter of life. In this situation, it is better to present Fatima’s way, having been confirmed by foe and friend and having had all aspects of being an all-out sample.

We believe that if our women knew Fatima (peace be upon her), and applied her manner in their lives, they would manage to inspire a new life in the body of the society and present new dimensions of life. The way of Fatima (peace be upon her) is a great and straight way, and can release us from straits of this machinery and uproaring life and direct us to the destination.

Fatima (peace be upon her) has got a grand grandeur, not well known in her own era and even in our own time. Our hobby and concerns do not allow us discover and apply the aspects of her noble character.

Fatima (peace be upon her) as a Sample:

Fatima (peace be upon her) is a sample for those seeking for a real, complete, and multi-dimensional heroin. She is human in face but in manner, pious and clean, confidant and intimate with angles but even superior, because she is Ali and Mohammed’s (a.s) confident. She is a model and the best sample for an ideological life that has managed to provide the ground for presenting a complete sample of herself by means of self-construction. Therefore, why don’t we choose Fatima (peace be upon her) as sample?

The Memory and Remembrance of Fatima (peace be upon her):

The name of Fatima (peace be upon her) restores some scenes in our minds.…

Fatim’s name revives the memory of jihad and her confidence to Ali (peace be upon him) in minds as well as the story of Fadak and the stroke of the door on her side. Fatima (peace be upon her)’s memory exists in Medina, Kufeh mosque, Karbala and everywhere.

And at the time when there is a discussion of martyrdom, democracy, administering justice, and love, all of a sudden, Fatima (peace be upon her) is remembered (peace be upon her), because we see all these attributes in her character and life. When Hossein and his martyrdom are put into discussion, the continuation of Ashora mission is talked over, and speaking of Hossein’s revolution as well as Hasan’s peace with his tender-heart is set forth. One involuntarily is set thinking who is the source of such education that has brought up such individuals?

In general, the more time passes, the livelier Fatima (peace be upon her) will be. Her remembrance reminds us of jihad and makes us smell the scent of Karbala Torbat (soil). Besides, the lesson of life and grandeur must be learnt from Fatima (peace be upon her). And she must be taken as a sample due to the fact that all her attributes are instructive: her childhood beside mother, her maidenhood in father’s house, her marriage, her motherhood in relation with her sons and daughters, her housekeeping, her life beside her husband, her love, her worship, her demise, etc.

The Dimensions of Discussion about Fatima (peace be upon her):

Analyzing and evaluating Fatima’s aspects of life are beyond our power, because it needs awareness and full knowledge of Fatima’s character. She is also a symbol, the symbol of a distinguished wife, a distinguished daughter, a distinguished mother, a distinguished heroin, a distinguished companion, a distinguished fellow and confidant, the symbol of worship, the symbol of love towards Allah, the symbol of pains and efforts, the symbol of campaigner, the symbol of patience, the symbol of administering justice, the symbol of serving people, the symbol of speech, the symbol of forbearance and self-possession, the symbol of politeness and humanity, the symbol of chastity and piety, the symbol of bravery….

How can we swim in the deep sea of her life, hoping that we arrive to the beach. Yes, everyone endeavors to trace some aspects of her life according to his apprehension and perception.

The School of Fatima (peace be upon her):

Under the protection of Islamic ideology and her outlook, Fatima (peace be upon her) built the thought foundation of a Divine and human school, including principles, rules and beliefs; a hopeful and life-giving school teaching us how to live and how to die. Fatima’s school, the pearly-gates to the other world to us, inverts the last generation’s way of life, and builds up a new world on the ruins. She rouses a new way of thinking, teaching us how to look at the world and life.

Fatima’s school endeavors to make the human beings hopeful, teach them the way of chastity and covering themselves, support the oppressed, consider the most sensitive matters of man’s life, settle justice in the society and not allow every one does what he wishes.

In this world that the people are victimized for feathering their nests, and the people are ready to yield themselves in a mean form for instantaneous pleasures, in this world that people, like imprisoned birds which strike themselves against the cage and try to take pleasure, Fatima’s school can be teachable and resolving.

The Constructiveness of Her School:

Through studying the world of Fatima (peace be upon her) , we can build up our character, and as a result, attain independence, grant values, and high esteem. Fatima’s life and school are full of exaltation and direction.

Fatima’s outlook, her divine and human character, perception and knowledge, mission and responsibility are life-giving and wholly constructive and instructive on the condition that her character and picture be drawn well, and no mistakes occurs.

The power of this construction is so that it can set us free from uselessness and hollowness, make up for our evident and concealed fiasco, illustrate the way of victory and elevation, and grant us happiness, moderation, tranquility, and peace of mind.

Introducing Fatima (peace be upon her):

Introducing Fatima (peace be upon her) as it really is, seems difficult. We can just state what is related to her external aspects and then commence introducing her from this viewpoint:

1. Her Descent:

Her name is Fatima (peace be upon her), her father, Mohammed (peace be upon him and his descendants), the last Prophet, her mother: Khadijeh, entitled as the mother of orphans. Fatima (peace be upon her) was the fourth and the last daughter. Her titles are Zahra, Omme Abeeha that means the mother of her father, Zohreh, the mistress of the women of the worlds, and at last, a goddess in man’s form.

Her father was the messenger of Allah, a distinguished man and a unique character. Her mother Khadijeh was known as the mother of orphans, and had some other titles. But among them, she was fond of this title and all-out sample in achieving that title. Her mother is a woman that Allah has not dedicated a better one to the messenger, as Ayesheh quoted from the Prophet (peace be upon him and his descendants).

While the people blasphemised Mohammed (peace be upon him and his descendants) and made every endeavor to make him yield by means of economic sanctions, it was Khadijeh, who believed in and helped him with her own wealth. And at last, while everybody in that era had cut relation to Mohammed (peace be upon him and his descendants), it was Khadijeh, who kept contact with him and was even proud of that relation.

Fatima (peace be upon her) was begotten after forty days, passed in prayer and worship due to the fact that they wanted Fatima (peace be upon her) to be clean and continued her father’s mission. She consoled her Father’s sorrow and tried to remove the pain lines of his face.

She later must be the manifestation of all senses (of emotion), policies, and vehemence of the women’s rights, and a sample for them. She must reveal some unknown facts, their new duties as well as the eternal way of life for them.

2. Her Education:

She opened her eyes to this world in the fifth year of Prophetic mission, when Islam emerged in the house of revelation. The hand of a great coach like the Messenger was over her head, and the affection of a gracious mother was giving heat to her life. Owing to this fact, she was never polluted to sin.

She was just seven that her mother passed away, and left Fatima (peace be upon her)lonely. Her father, achieving the two main parts of parentship well made up the lack of motherhood affection.

She passed half of her life in Mecca beside the Messenger and the next half in Ali’s house in Medina. She was trained in revelation environment i.e. the Prophet’s house, and passed a part of her life in the house of the husband, who continued carrying the heavy load of the prophetic mission, that is Imamate. And that was Fatima’s happiness and prosperity to elevate her character in these two houses.

3. Her marriage:

Ali (peace be upon him) grew up in Fatima’s house [the house of Prophet (peace be upon him and his descendants)], and they were trained under the supervision of the Prophet (peace be upon him and his descendants). When her marriage was posed, the Prophet (peace be upon him and his descendants) said that the situation of her marriage won’t be clear unless he receives revelation in this regard, and after that, Ali (peace be upon him) acted as a suitor, the Prophet (peace be upon him and his descendants) broke the silence and said: ”O, Ali, don’t be embarrassed, express your request.” Ali(a.s) said modestly and prudently, “I want to make your affection complete with marriage to Fatima.”

In this regard, it can be stated that if there existed no Ali (peace be upon him), there would exist no husband for Fatima (peace be upon her) , and vice versa. The Prophet (peace be upon him and his descendants) put Fatima’s hand into Ali’s, and the fruit of this marriage was some children, as Hasan, Hossein, Zeineb and Kolthum (a.s).

Fatima’s Position:

The religious learned have called four women excellent in the history of man’s life, including: Asieh, Holy Mary, Khadijeh and Fatima. Among them, Fatima (peace be upon her) has got a gracious position so that no one could know her except Mohammed and Ali (peace be upon him), and there is no possibility of knowing her except by resorting to what they have said about her. We will try to analyze her position through two views:

1. According to the Holy Quran:

She symbolizes Kauthar, and the following the Quran verse was revealed about her:

أنّا أعطيناك الكوثر

[We have bestowed upon you Kauthar].

She stands for the word نسائنا[our women] in Mobaheleh verse. On the other hand, Zahra is a woman, but includes all the gracious attributes of the grand women in the world, and the roles, of which women must take the responsibility, and try to achieve them.

She is the tenor of the verse:

قل لا اسئلكم عليه اجراً الا المودة في القربي

The one whom Tathir verse (being away from filth) was revealed about her.

She is the symbol of

وجمع الشمس و القمر

She also symbolizes

والقمر اذا تلئها

in Shams Sura.

2. According to the Traditions:

She is the Mistress of women, the inhabitant of heaven.

The heiress of the previous prophets’ glory and that of the famous women of the world.

She is infallible and pure from sin.

She is a part of the Prophet’s body and soul. She is the incarnation of the Prophet (peace be upon him and his descendants).

Allah’s heaven is incarnated in her, so that the Prophet (peace be upon him and his descendants) smells the scent of heaven from her.

She is Ali’s peeress as well as his confidant.

She was one of the glad tidings of the Prophet (peace be upon him and his descendants), as he said,

فان الله اصطفاك علي نسا العالمين

Her satisfaction is the Prophet’s satisfaction, and the Prophet’s satisfaction is Allah’s satisfaction.

She is the cause of the survival and the continuation of the Prophethood and Imamate.

And at last, she has got more honor than holy Mary, because she has endowed with eleven Christlike (children).

Fatima’s Honor:

Fatima (peace be upon her) has endowed with honor and grand dignity; the honor no one could achieve it as Fatima (peace be upon her) did. Expressing all her aspects of her character is not feasible; therefore, some points are stated:

1. She is Allah’s beloved:

She is the pure servant of Allah, and is always in worship and contact with Him in order to give her servanthood superiority over her other positions, so that no luxury, effort, or attachments could prevent her from fulfilling her conscious duty. As that the Prophet (peace be upon him and his descendants) appreciated her and praised her position was due to the fact that she was pious and in contact with Allah, and not because she was the Prophet’s daughter.

Fatima’s generosity, thought, and efforts are all for Allah’s pleasure. Fatima (peace be upon her) is so dissolved in the Divine grandeur and majesty that she devotes all her things in His way: her position, her rank, her silver bracelet, her wedding dress, the screen of her house, etc. In this case, shouldn’t she be the dear of Allah?

2. She is the Prophet’s dear:

The Prophet (peace be upon him and his descendants) knows her as a part of his body and soul, as he says,

بضعة منه و روحة اللذي بين جنبيه

In the age of Ignorance and the hard times of his Prophethood, she was as a mother to her father in Mecca. She cleansed the thorns and dust that the people had thrown over the head of the Prophet (peace be upon him and his descendants) with her little hands and soothed him. Sometimes, she would cry for his loneliness and caressed for his beaten body.

She was her father’s consular at the time of Hijra, she was so dear for him in Medina that Ayesheh stated, “There was no one dearer than Fatima (peace be upon her) to the Prophet (peace be upon him and his descendants); he attended her house every day and asked about her mood repeatedly. When he was setting for trips, Fatima (peace be upon her) was the last one, visited at the time of departure by him, and at the time of arrival, Fatima (peace be upon her) was the first one, visited”.

Owing to her dignity and action, purity and sincerity, she reached to a rank that the Prophet (peace be upon him and his descendants) stated, “ ابوهافداها ”[May his father be sacrificed to her].

Once, the Prophet (peace be upon him and his descendants) saw Ali and Fatima (peace be upon them), grinding wheat. He asked, “who gives her place to me to turn the mill?” Ali said to Fatima (a.s), “rise, ‘cause you are tired?” and then the Prophet (peace be upon him and his descendants) sat on her place and continued her job.

Even on his point of death, she was closest to the Prophet (peace be upon him and his descendants). The Prophet (peace be upon him and his descendants) whispered in her ear, “Dear Fatima, sit beside me, and recite Quran”. Yes, the whispers and Quran recitation of Fatima (peace be upon her) could sooth the Prophet (peace be upon him and his descendants).

3. She is Ali’s wife:

As stated before, if there was no Fatima (peace be upon her), there would be no one deserving to be her husband. Her marriage was determined by the Word of Revelation. She was a wife, kind and fidle, and the perfect symbol ofلتسكنو ايها; confidant with her husband…

She never shattered her family estate under the pretext of ornament and did not make the life bitter for her husband for the false worldly allure.

They had a house, apparently made of clay; a house, void of ornaments, but full of purity, sincerity, faith, piety, and chastity. Their dishes consisted of wooden and earthen bowls, but their soul bowls were full of grandeur and overfilled with cordiality and affection. Their bed clothes were shorter than their height, but they were full of faith, sympathy, unanimity, purity, and understanding.

The Mystery of Fatima’s Grandeur and Eternity:

Fatima (peace be upon her) is grand and eternal on the account that she has been united with Allah. She has absorbed her self in His.

She is greater than the great, because she is acquainted with Allah, who is the greatest, and she is eternal forever until Doomsday, because she is acquinted with the Eternal.

Fatima (peace be upon her) is a woman, whose grandeur cannot be inserted in expression and words, because we cannot analyze the infinite with our finite conception. When she is called “Sedigheh” [truthful], it is different from the Sedigheh, applied to others; all her members of body and thought are truthful. It is impossible to describe her grandeur through writing, speaking, and hearing, because all her attributes are in full and infinity. Her faith, her morals, devotion, soul elevation, grandeur, knowledge all are in utmost perfection.

Satisfaction and obedience of Allah:

Fatima (peace be upon her) is Allah’s real follower, and her exalted purpose and ambition are to satisfy Him and seeks for a way to achieve to this end without any shadow of doubt.

This is Fatima’s viewpoint that Allah has superiority over all things and everyone. Thus, she has accepted His bondage of servitude. She is seeking for Allah and His satisfaction in her speech, action, and all her life. This is pride that the Prophet (peace be upon him and his descendants) knows her satisfaction His satisfaction and her way as the way of God, the Almighty.

Fatima (peace be upon her) as a measure:

Scales is an instrument for measuring and the facts are assessed by it. In materialism, for measuring goods, volume, weight, and a period of time, the special measuring instruments are utilized. In spirituality, measuring is possible through samples and symbols. For instance, the level of somebody’s understanding is measured through comparison with an intelligent person; the level of somebody’s piety is measured through comparison with a pious person; the level of sOmmebody’s intelligence and talent is measured through comparison with a talented and bright person; and the level of sOmmebody’s generosity and humanity is measured through comparison with a generous person.

Fatima (peace be upon her) is a complete measure for evaluating the ladies’ deeds, and according to the infallible, “she is measure”. Fatima’s spirit power, unique courage, elevated thoughts, and excellent dispositions are all and all measures and samples. Her chastity, piety, faith, nobility, honor, housekeeping, rearing the children, abstinence from sublunary luxury, material and spiritual aspects and even her death are all measures for us.

In the history of the wOmmen world, we do not know a woman like her to be the measure and sample. All Fatima’s attributes make her more adorned than others and give a distinguished face to her.

Fatima (a.s), the Cause of Continuation of the Prophetic Mission:

It is her clean and pure womb that can be the source of grace and the origin of light and the originator of eleven clean offspring, who are the Prophet’s successors and continuance of the Prophetic mission from generation to generation.

It was not haphazard that the Prophet (peace be upon him and his descendants) knew Fatima’s wrath his wrath and her torment or satisfaction his torment or satisfaction. He said, “those, who make Fatima (peace be upon her) happy, have made me happy, and those who tease her, have in fact teased me.”

Yes, she was the continuance of the Prophetic mission, and made any kind of endeavor to promote the Islamic teachings along with Ali (peace be upon him). As a trustful trustee, she went to the companions’ houses at night and delivered them an ultimatum. She explained them that Ali is with right, and right is with Ali (peace be upon him), and if they do not adapt it, they must answer back to Allah. She wanted the people to know that what a big crime they would commit if they negate Ali’s (a.s) right, and what undesired future they would expect.

Fatima (peace be upon her) is the continuance of the Prophetic mission. She is Ali’s witness and assistance. She confirms his speeches, and tried to prove his claims, and in this way, she is not afraid of the door stroke, causing damages on her body, and as a result miscarriage. Even the enemy’s whips cannot stop her from defending Ali; the martyrdom and death in Allah’s way cannot prevent her from continuing the Prophetic mission.

She is the continuance of the Prophetic mission, because she has managed to rear a generation that were the preservers of the religion the Karbala mission, that was the continuance of the Prophetic mission.

She is the continuance of the Prophetic mission, because Imamate, the continuation of Prophethood, belongs to her generation, and Imam Mahdi (may God hasten his reappearance), who will defend Fatima’s purpose will rise to revive Islam.

How did this way of Prophetic mission continue and what happened to her offspring, who were the followers of the Prophet and Ali (peace be upon him)? Prison, torture, homelessness, banishment, stroke of sword, poison, separation from dynasty and children were some of the hardships they suffered in the way to achieve their holy end.

Fatima (a.s), the Sample of Deconstruction:

The role of Fatima (peace be upon her) in women’s revival was fabulous. She is the sample of deconstruction of the misleading customs, which were prevalent among the people in the society and had captured their hearts.

She was the practical sample of laws, through which the Prophet (peace be upon him and his descendants) managed to apply the Islamic principles and programs.

Like the Prophet (peace be upon him and his descendants), Fatima (peace be upon her) tried to instruct the parents how to revere and love their daughters. While the people buried their daughters alive, the Prophet (peace be upon him and his descendants) kissed Fatima (peace be upon her) and said,” daughter is Allah’s gift.” When she was a child, the Prophet (peace be upon him and his descendants) sat her on his knees, and through this action wanted the people to take lesson.

The Prophet (peace be upon him and his descendants) should show the high position of women and how they should be viewed in Islamic ideology through her method. Kissing Fatima’s hand is the symbol of campaign and rebellion against the society viewpoint. It is a revolution against burying girls alive, teaches us indirectly that wOmmen as the gift of Allah must be revered and not heated.

The girls and wOmmen at her era were not believed, and even they were forced to work hard in the farms. They were not considered as kin; they were deprived from inheritance, retaliation was completely fulfilled for them, etc. A woman having some daughters and no son was considered as barren .

The Prophet (peace be upon him and his descendants) through having Fatima (peace be upon her) proved that having no son does not mean barrenness as the shortsighted think. On the contrary, she can be the source of abundant felicity for her own family and relatives.

She was the sample of deconstructing the wrong marriage customs. In that age, the rich just married to the rich, but she deconstructed this custom and married to Ali (peace be upon him), her cousin who was poor and by selling his chain mail had managed to provide the marriage costs.

In fact, if there existed no Fatima (peace be upon her), how these false customs were deconstructed, and how the real practical samples in the Prophetic mission were achieved?

If there existed no Fatima, how the complexes, disgrace, irregularity, making the women’s souls weak, were removed?

The variety of Fatima’s roles:

Fatima (peace be upon her) is a woman, but has several crucial roles and in each role a real sample. She is a woman, the sample of leadership and grandeur , the one, through fulfilling her roles, has managed to give a practical face to sOmme aspects of the Prophetic mission.

In achieving her role as a sample, she has got a heavy load over her shoulders; the motherhood responsibility, caring the people, helping the poor, administering justice in the society, looking after children, family management, etc. Expressing all Fatima’s aspects and roles needs a separate and lengthy book, but whatever can be stated here in brief consists of:

1. Fatima (peace be upon her) as a Muslim:

Before being the Prophet’s daughter, Ali’s wife or the mother of eleven Imams, she is a Muslim, a worthy Muslim, and before being a woman with different roles, she is Allah’s servant. She does not forget Him even for a moment, and never neglect the heavy load of responsibility.

She is a Muslim, who achieves worship and from the other side, fulfills family duties as well as social duties. And how active, energetic, and successful she has been in dividing her time and facilities for achieving her mission. Her nightly vigils , her worship, her essential social responsibilities, her important political conflicts and campaigns to stand against injustice in the society, her sense of confidence with Ali (peace be upon him), and her teachings for women all and all were in Allah’s way and for His satisfaction.

2. As a Daughter:

Fatima (peace be upon her) is a daughter, pure and clean, duteous and obedient Although she is her father’s dear, she reveres the Divine position of her father. She calls him” Rasool Allah” that means the Messenger of Allah, and when she is asked by father about the reason, she answers, “The holy Quran addresses you as so.”

She is a daughter full of affection so that she was called “Omme Abiha” that means the mother of her father, because she was very kind towards her father like a mother to her son.

While the enemy threw dust to the Prophet (peace be upon him and his descendants), she cleansed them by his figure, caressed him as if this is her mission to soothe to her father, have sympathy towards him, and delicate her affection as a reaction against the people’s wrath and oppression.

3. As a Wife:

Unlike her sisters, she married a poor but illuminated man in order to deconstruct the inner group marriage (the marriage of the people in the same level), and more important is that in order to provide the family, she worked along with her husband.

Despite all pains, Fatima (peace be upon her) is satisfied with herself, because she does some significant roles in and out of the house through which she proves the importance of the women in the society.

She is Ali’s company in life struggles, his confidant and his consultant in life affairs. She helps Ali (peace be upon him) to administer his right.

She is an ideal wife. Her love towards Ali (peace be upon him) is real; she loves him for Allah’s sake and pleasure, and in this way, she never said any discouraging word to Ali (peace be upon him) throughout her life.

4. As a Mother:

What kind of mother was she! A sample and unique. What kind of children did she bring up! What kind of flowers did she produce in her garden! All sincere and the real obedient to Allah. The children who devoted themselves for the people and had the responsibility of serving the religious laws and its revival.

She educated the children, who were the defenders of Islam; the guards of the sublime ideological values, and are stable in this way. One by his own peace [Imam Hassan (a.s)] and the other by his bloody revolution [Imam Hussein (a.s)] watered the Islam tree and made it grow.

Her daughters were well-reared and purposeful, zeineb and Kolthum (a.s) continued the mission of Imam Hasan and Hossein (a.s). They recorded the voice of Hossein in the day of Ashora, and in Kufa and Sham (Damascus) and on the way made the people hear it. Hossein’s martyrdom is completed by their efforts, and they were the loudspeakers of Hossein’s movement.

5. As a House Manageress:

Although she was the apple of the Prophet’s eyes, and there was no one nobler than her, she worked in the house and turned the mill so that her hands had injured.

She had made the house a place of peace so that when there were a lot of pressure on Ali (peace be upon him) due to sorrow, pains, difficulties, and disorders, he resorted to the house, hoping that through speaking to Fatima (peace be upon her), he could be tranquilized.

She kept the house clean, peaceful, and calm, and although nothing is found for eating, it was overflowing with sincerity and love; her purity and tenderness was the food of the household and made them satisfied.

At the night of her marriage, she went to Ali’s house along with the Prophet (peace be upon him and his descendants), the latter said to her, “My daughter, whatever is related to the inner side of the house belongs to you and whatever is related to out of the house belongs to Ali. Ali has the responsibility of providing the house economic aspects, and you have the responsibility of providing the peace and quietness of the house.”

6. As a Lady of the House:

In the house, there existed a lot of chores; on the other hand, she was young, and had a number of children while each of them needed care. Therefore, she must have a fellow-work but not a slave maid. she shared the chores with her and lent a hand to her. Also, she was not as an aristocrat to sit and order, but she always gave a hand to her; washed clothes, cleaned the house, milled the wheat, etc.

Unlike the aristocrats, Fatima (peace be upon her) did not make the maid do everything and be the cause of the husband’s sensuality and make up like doll.

The Prophet (peace be upon him and his descendants) once said to her, “My daughter, a maid is a human and must be treated as a man”. Her treatment towards a maid signifies Fatima’s justice that she regardes the equality with her maid in the house chores.

Fatima’s Outlook:

Fatima (peace be upon her) is the student of Islamic school. She was brought up in revelation house and under the supervision of the Prophet (peace be upon him and his descendants), and even when she married Ali (peace be upon him), she had a close contact with her father. Her view towards the world and its aspects is the view of Prophet (peace be upon him and his descendants). It is as if she has derived all her views from the Prophet’s.

In the Islamic school, she was Ali’s classmate. They have got the same views. She was developed under the protection of the Islamic Ideology, taught by the Prophet (peace be upon him and his descendants).

It seems difficult to express and study all aspects of Fatima’s outlook, but whatever based on her practice, her speech, her view, can be stated includes:

1. Her View on the World:

Fatima’s view on the world is that it is a farm for cultivation. Its facts and appearance are interconnected, and it has been created by a Creator. We must love the world, but not absorb in it; it is a means and not an end. Therefore, approaching the end, one must use the means but not attach himself to it. According to Fatima (peace be upon her), the world deserves love, but not attachment.

The world is the scene of action. It is the field of struggle and effort. The world is a means to make us reach to the otherworldly felicity.

2. Her View on Wealth:

Fatima (peace be upon her) wants property and wealth but not for acquiring value and credit. She wants it for providing her life and protecting her honor.

Those who think of money as an end and seek for it all days and nights, in fact, they have got a complex, and are misleading between means and end. Whatever is achieved in life is not limited to eating, drinking, and wearing. Therefore, we’d better do our utmost to gain wealth but dedicate the rest to our end after satisfying our needs. Fatima (peace be upon her) never limited herself to wealth and did not think of it as the end, because according to her view, the abundant wealth in man’s hand can bring Allah’s pleasure and His affection if he knows how to use it.

The best wealth is her inner richness and generosity, the hand that pays sincerely will receive Allah’s pleasure, instead , and Fatima (peace be upon her) had got such an espirit.

3. Her View on Happiness:

Her view on happiness and felicity is different from others. She doesn’t see happiness in a doll’s life, luxury, beauty, materialism, decoration, make-up, etc. because these factors cannot solve man’s problems and prepare the ground for inner peace and tranquility. They are considered as worldly things and can be lost through the passage of time and as a result, involves man in a heart-rending regret.

Any love and adherence to them are wrong, because they will swallow us in themselves and make us forget our real end and our selves.

The feeling of happiness under the protection of wealth, position, and property is a plot and a deceit, a plot for the decline of our character, and a deceit for keeping us negligent of our development and perfection process. Therefore, we must have another view of happiness. Fatima (peace be upon her) sees happiness in the eternal moments in which man finds himself in the way of Allah; the time that he fulfills Allah’s orders, and obeys the Divine verdicts.

Happiness is in freedom from all bonds and limitations, having captured our minds, and not in pleasure and fruition. Fatima (peace be upon her) never spends her lifetime for happiness with the same misconception of ordinary people, and she is more rational to dissipate her life for reaching to pleasure and fruition.

Fortunately, Ali (peace be upon him), as her husband, is also not a person to provide pleasure with negative concept for her, because he deserves a great value and credit for his life and wife.

4. Her View on Mankind:

She is a responsible and duteous being. She is responsible to develop her character and elevate her soul, and tries to achieve her aims and responsibility, and exalt right perfection of mankind, come to people rescue, make progress, and make the people progress.

According to Fatima (peace be upon her), man is more exalted than he passes his life in the way of his passion as a means for a shameful life. Therefore, she tried to elevate her soul.

She was exposed to different exams during her life, in good and bad conditions, misery and happiness , pains and pleasure. She must endeavor to show herself as she really is and endeavor as she must be.

5. Her View on Death:

She has got another view of death. She thinks of it as a means of transfer from this world to the next as well as a door to happiness and prosperity.

She knows that everything in this world is temporary, even its light, its darkness, its pleasure, and its groan. The time when death arrives and Doomsday occurs, everything will be clear; the people are called to account, and man is put in “Dar Ul-Gharar”; the place of stability.

She is not frightened of death. And at the time of the Prophet’s death when he sees Fatima’s great love towards himself, he feels he must console her only; therefore, he puts his head into her ears and says, “You are the first person that will join me after my departure”. And then, Fatima (peace be upon her) not only does not get sad, but also happy. Yes, the news of death is joyful for her, because she knows that there is prosperity, comfort, and glory to those who have achieved good deeds in this world. She knows that even death for criminals is a bless due to the fact that it prevents them from more crimes and keeps them away from the abyss of adversity.

Fatima’s Learning:

Fatima (peace be upon her) is a bright student in the school of Islam. She takes lesson from her father as the best teacher: the lesson of humanity, morality, devotion, generosity, purity, benevolence, restraining her anger, serving people, etc. And her father, who found her ready tried to construct her character. He would try to teach her as much as possible, each of them separately is the lesson of life for her and the women community.

He taught her some practical lessons, concentrating her thought towards new facts. The day when Fatima (peace be upon her) asked for a servant to help her in the house chores, how the Prophet (peace be upon him and his descendants) directed her thought towards another direction, and how he taught her the praise (Tasbihat) after the prayer. She would take lessons from the father and her husband. Even she had some writings from what she had learnt, as she said once to Fizzah she compared those writings with the value of Hassanain. It means that as a mother, a wife, as well as an infallible, she was her father’s student and deserved value for her father’s teachings.

Fatima’s Faith and Worship:

According to the Prophet (peace be upon him and his descendants), belief to Allah was so penetrated in her nature and heart that she neglected all things at the time worshipping Allah. And under the protection of Allah’s recognition, she believed in Him and was proud of having relationship with Him.

The love towards Allah has so penetrated in her soul that she did not have any repose. In all times and situations, her deeds showed clearly her servitude to Allah through her treatment, praise to Allah, and way of life. Her ultimate attraction is towards the Divinity.

She worships Allah but not as to go to a corner, fleeing from the society and the people, and it does not mean that she stops her duties and social mission, but she resists against her ego, and, as a result, finds a new character.

Fatima’s motto is

اغير الله اتخذوا اوليا فاطرالسموات والارض

Can I choose another Lord except Allah, who is the creator of the skies and the earth? No, it seems impossible.

But Allah is her guardian, and that is He, who guardians the pious and competent people. When an opportunity raised, she started to praise and worship Allah. And that is a cause not only for her development and perfection, but also for helping the people to be kept in safety and purity.

Imam Hassan (a.s) remembers his childhood and says,” I saw my mother worshiping and praying every night and always praying for people.” I asked her, “Mother, why you do not first pray for us as your children?” she answered, “My son, first neighbors, then house”. الجار ثم الدار

All her deeds were in the direction of the Divine will, and all her deeds were considered as worship: her work, life, housekeeping, taking care of children, helping the poor, etc. are all in Allah’s way and for Allah’s pleasure.

Fatima’s Purposefulness:

Fatima (peace be upon her) is a noble woman with purpose, and due to this fact she did not take any color and did not come to agreement with injustice. Although she was young, and like other youth in youth crisis, had got some ambitions, she never stopped her purpose and did not commit any offence.

She tolerated the hardships to obtain her purpose even under the severe torture of the enemy. In general, her marriage to Ali (peace be upon him) signified her purpose, because she knew that Ali (peace be upon him) was not a kind of man who tried to make her happy as the society expected. She married the one, who was always in the battlefield to achieve his mission.

Under the protection of her purpose, she was not willing to be captured by hypocrisy and deceits, lose her sobriety and vigilance; and because of her purpose, she was far from the adversity and did not heed the world allurement. She was unique in her purpose, and we do not know anybody like her in different periods of history.

Chapter 18: Al-Adhra

This is one of the names given to Fatima. This name declares that she was always a virgin, in the meaning that she was chaste.

Many traditions have already been mentioned, which attest the fact that she was conceived of heavenly food, and that Fatima was a human “huri” (female of paradise). There is not exaggeration in this expression, rather, stating that Fatima was always virgin, is nothing but the absolute truth. Besides the narrations that verify this fact, the Holy Qur’an states:

"We have created (the huri) of special creation; and made them virgin pure (and undefiled)." (56: 35-36)

This clarifies that “huri”(s) are always virgins. Majma al-Bayan explains this verse as follows: "[What is meant by virgin pure is] that whenever their husbands come near them [have sexual intercourse with them], they find them virgins."

Imam Sadiq (as) was asked: "How can a ‘huri’ always be a virgin (no matter how many times her husband comes near her?"

The Imam (as) answered: "Because ‘huri’(s) is created from pure goodness where no blight can alter them, nor, does decrepitude inflict them... menstruation does not pollute them..."

Fatima's Youth

Lady Fatima az-Zahra (sa) opened her eyes to the world to enjoy prophetic fatherly love, and to suckle Lady Khadija's (as) milk, which was mixed with excellent morals, and perfection.

Growing in the house of revelation, gave her the chance to achieve the highest degree of perfection and excellence. The Prophet (S) taught her divine knowledge, and endowed her with special intelligence, so that she realized the true meaning of faith, piety, and the reality of Islam.

The virtuous upbringing of Fatima az-Zahra (sa) by Allah's Messenger coupled with her capability to perceive divine facts and her spiritual brilliance, and preparedness to ascend to the highest levels of perfection.

Parallel to this, was Allah's (SwT) will that Fatima az-Zahra (sa) should face many sorrows, and live in anguish from the very beginning of her life. She opened her eyes to see her father being fought by his relatives, and strangers, and treated with hostility by the infidels and polytheists. For instance, Fatima might have entered the Sacred Mosque, and seen her father was reading Qur’an in the private chamber of Ismael (around Kaaba), while polytheists were harming him and waging a psychological war against him. One day, Fatima az-Zahra (sa) saw the infidels pour camel placenta on her father while he was prostrating to Allah; so she cleaned his back and while bitterly crying, cursed the unbelievers, and supplicated to Allah to punish them. But, the infidels were sarcastic, in the same respect as any lowly people, and rubble would be.

Ibn Abbas reported that the Quraishians once held a meeting in the Sacred Mosque and vowed by their Idols that as soon as they saw Prophet Muhammad (S), they would all participate in killing him; upon hearing this, Fatima (sa) went crying to her father, and informed him of their conspiracy.

The crisis became more intense when the Messenger of Allah was forcefully confined to Abu Talib's trail (valley) along with his family, and all the members of Abu Talib's family. They lived in an atmosphere overtaken by fear, and anxiety of the constantly expected attack by the infidels at night. The situation grew even worse when the polytheists drew up a treaty to besiege Bani Hashim and impose economic sanctions against them; this treaty allowed no one to sell, or, buy anything from them, including food supplies.

Therefore, the cries of starving children reached the ears of all Meccan inhabitants. The people of Mecca were divided into two groups: One who was enjoying the misfortunes of the Bani Hashim, and the other was deeply affected with their misery.

This situation continued for more than three years. Fatima az-Zahra (sa) was one of those who suffered from this siege, which resulted in awakening the spirit of struggle, honesty and endurance in her; it was as if she was spending a period of training, and exercise, preparing for the near future.

Nevertheless, their ordeal was made easier when Fatima az-Zahra (sa) saw the courageous hero, Abu Talib, aided by Hamza keeping steadfast, and helping her father in every way against the infidels' aggression. Abu Talib declared his adherence to Islam through uttering poetry. Once, the Quraishan heads objected to Abu Talib's support of the Prophet; they said to him: "We will give you a handsome, generous, and courageous Quraishan youth (Amarh Ibn al-Walid) to become your son, if you give us your nephew -Muhammad - who disunites us and humiliates our idols, so that we may kill him!"

Abu Talib said: "This is an unfair offer! Do you mean to give me your son, so I can feed him for you and I give you my nephew to kill? (If this is your way of dealing) then each one of you should give me his son to kill if you want me to give you Muhammad to kill."

Abu Talib's honourable stands in protecting the Prophet were numerous. Had it not been for his faith and strong adherence to Islam, he would not have been steadfast in defending the Messenger and his divine faith. Contrary to Abu Talib, another uncle of the Prophet (S), Abu Lahab-fought fiercely and opposed the Prophet. His shameful conduct was recorded in various history books, and in the Holy Qur’an.

Lady Khadija's (as) Death

Fatima's life was passing by with years full of sorrow, and infliction. When she reached her seventh, or, eighth year, another tragedy clouded her life. The death of Fatima’s (sa) mother, Lady Khadija (as), brought sadness, and grief to her heart; for Lady Khadija (as) was an affectionate mother, who had predicted the tough life her darling daughter would live.

During Lady Khadija's (as) last days, she was confined to bed. One day the Prophet of Allah (S) said to her:

"What you are encountering, is because of us Lady Khadija (as); when you meet your peers send my Salam to them!"

Lady Khadija (as) questioned: "Who are they; O Prophet of Allah?"

He answered: "Maryam Bint Imran, Kalthum (Musa's sister), and Assia-Pharaoh's wife."

She then said: "May you live in harmony and have sons, O Prophet of Allah."

The Messenger of Allah used to say: "I was commanded to give Khadija the good news of a dwelling in Paradise made of brocade where there is neither clamoring nor strain."1

Ibn Al-Athir said that the brocade mentioned in this tradition, is palace-like hallow pearls.

Lady Khadija (as) was once crying in the presence of Asma Bint Umais, who said to her:

"Why are you crying while you are the Mistress of all women, and the Prophet's wife, who will enter Paradise as he has said?"

Khadija replied: "l am not crying (for fear of death), rather, I am crying because every woman needs a close friend on her wedding night to tell her secrets to and help her in certain issues; Fatima is still very young, and I am afraid that she will be alone on her wedding night!"

Asma said: "O my mistress, I vow to you, by Allah, that if I am alive then, I will take your place..."

Lady Khadija (as) died at the age of sixty-three (according to some historians). Her death brought deep sorrow to the Holy Prophet (S), especially since it was followed by the death of Abu Talib, the Prophet's uncle, who died several days (or months) after that. Hence, the year in which the deaths of Lady Khadija (A,S), and Abu Talib occurred, was called "the year of sorrow" by the Prophet (S).

Lady Khadija's (as) death was a disaster for the Prophet; not only because she was his wife, but because she was the first one to console him in his Prophethood. Lady Khadija (as) supported her husband with abundant shares of her property for the sake of Islam. She held a unique calibre in Mecca, and between all Arab women.

When Lady Khadija (as) was buried at Houjoun, the Messenger of Allah stepped down into her grave to bless it. Meanwhile, Fatima az-Zahra (sa) kept close to her father, and asked him:

"Messenger of Allah, where is my Mother?"

The Prophet (S) avoided Fatima’s (sa) question, so she looked around for someone to ask where her Mother was! At that point, Gabriel descended, and revealed the following to the Prophet "Your Lord commands you to inform Fatima that He sends His blessings upon her and says: Your Mother is in a house of brocade, its corners are made of gold, and its poles are of rubies. It is located between Assia's (Pharaoh's wife) and Maryam Bint Imran's houses."

Fatima az-Zahra (sa) then said: "Surely Allah is As-Salam, and peace is from Him and to Him."

Another mournful event that inflicted the Prophet (S) was his uncle's death; Abu Talib had adopted Prophet Muhammad (S) when he was eight years old. Upon the death of his [Prophet Muhammad (S)] father, Abu Talib was the Prophet 's guardian until he reached Fifty three years of age.

Abu Talib's crucial services and support for Islam, and the Prophet never ceased throughout those years. Had it not been for Abu Talib possibly Islam could not have passed the stage of its prime days of propagation.

These two tragic events had a great effect on the messenger's life; the death of Abu Talib caused the Prophet (S) to immigrate to Medina, for he had lost the strongest supporter and advocate of the religion from among his uncles.

Fatima's Immigration

Upon being inflicted with the deaths of Lady Khadija and Abu Talib, the Prophet decided to migrate to Medina. He ordered ‘Ali to lay in his bed during the night that later came to be known as “the night of stay”. During that night, about forty (40), or, fourteen (14) polytheist men sieged the Prophet's house, and were determined to attack and kill him. But, the Prophet had escaped to a nearby cave, and Fatima az-Zahra stayed at home expecting the enemies’ assault at any given minute. She listened to their infidel and atheistic slogans against her father. Only Allah knows how scared and disturbed she was that long night, for she knew the infidels' cruelty and mercilessness.

At dawn, the infidels attacked the house while leveling their swords as if they were ferocious beasts, or, savage dogs. They proceeded to the Prophet's bed intending to kill him, but were surprised to find ‘Ali (as) laying in it wearing the Prophet's clothes. They departed from the house feeling defeated and harbouring resentment, fury, and fire against the Prophet (S), and ‘Ali (as).

Those hours were most aggravating, frightening, and anxious for Fatima az-Zahra (sa). Soon, relief entered her life; Imam ‘Ali (as) took her, and his mother, and Fatima Bint Zubair Ibn Abdul-Muttalib out towards Medina. When the infidels learned this, they intercepted them in an attempt to prevent their migration out of Mecca. Had it not been for the Mercy and Protection of Allah, and the heroism and courage of Imam ‘Ali (as), a catastrophe would have taken place. The infidels were driven back by Imam ‘Ali (as), who continued the journey towards Medina.

Upon arriving in Medina, the Prophet met them and took Fatima to his home, which was originally Abu Ayoub Ansari's. Thus, Fatima became the guest of Abu Ayoub's mother.

Fatima lived with the Prophet in Medina after suffering typhoons of painful incidents, such as the death of her mother, her immigration and the continuous agitations against her. Fatima’s (sa) miseries did not stop here; rather her immigration was the beginning of an era of uninterrupted sorrows.

One year after the Prophet's migration to Medina, the infidels mobilized their men and headed towards the Muslim's stronghold, intending to destroy the new faith; but Gabriel informed the Prophet of their conspiracy, who in turn ordered the immigrants and Medinites to leave the city, and meet the infidels in a place located on the way to Mecca called Badr.

Although the infidels outnumbered the Muslims three to one, the Prophet (S), and his followers defeated them, and returned to Medina triumphant and victorious.

Fatima at Uhud

One year and one month after the battle of Badr, the battle of Uhud took place. In this battle, seventy of the Prophet's most prominent companions were martyred among them being Hamza, the Prophet's uncle and the most notable hero.

In this battle, the Prophet was injured by two rocks on his forehead and mouth. As a result of his injury, the Prophet lost some teeth and blood clotted on his beard as if it was henna. At that moment, Satan shouted in such a manner that all Muslims heard him; he said: "Muhammad has been killed." This created disarray among the Muslims, and many men, save the true faithful, fled the battlefield. Confusion also overtook the Muslim families residing in Medina.

Safiah Bint Abdul Muttalib, the Prophet's aunt, accompanied Fatima az-Zahra to Uhud.

When Fatima az-Zahra (sa) heard of her father's injuries, she started crying and the Hashimite women rushed to help her.

Fatima’s (sa) arrival at the scene of the battle, coincided with the Prophet's inspection of his soldiers, to find out how many had been martyred and wounded. When he reached Hamza, he found him in an indescribable situation; the infidels had badly mutilated his body; they had cut off his fingers, hands, legs, nose, ears, and ruptured his abdomen to get his liver out. They had also cut off his sexual organ and left him in that horrible position.

The scene of Hamza's defaced body brought sadness and pain to the Prophet's heart. The infidel had not abandoned any ugly method of mutilation, which they did not commit against the strong and steadfast supporter of Allah's Apostle, (Peace be upon him and Ahlul-Bayt). While the Prophet was deeply saddened by this infliction, his Aunt and Fatima az-Zahra (sa) were rushing towards the scene. As Soon as he noticed them, he covered Hamza's body with one of his garments. Safia and Fatima az-Zahra (sa) arrived and began crying, and condemning the infidels for their crimes. They noticed that the Prophet's (as) forehead was badly cut, and that blood had become clotted on his face and beard; thus, Fatima az-Zahra (sa) started cleaning his face and said:

"Allah's punishment will be severe on him who caused the Messenger's face to bleed."

‘Ali (as) poured water on the Prophet's face, but this did not stop the bleeding, so Fatima burnt some rope and put its ashes on the cut, which stopped the bleeding. Fatima az-Zahra (sa) spent these moments in sadness, and great anxiety. She was a faithful, and devoted daughter to her father.

When ‘Ali (as) returned to Medina, he gave his sword to Fatima and said:

"Take this sword Fatima; it surely proved itself to be most reliable today."

The Prophet (S) added:

"Take it Fatima, for surely your husband has fully performed his duty; Allah killed the heroes of the Arabs through his hands."

Fatima's help to her father does not mean that she worked as a nurse on the battlefield, despite the claim of some writers who consider this story as proof that Fatima was a battlefield nurse!!

Fatima's Problem's at Home

One of the problems, which disturbed Fatima az-Zahra (sa), was that some of her father's wives were envious and jealous of her. Certain wives of the Prophet (S) developed inferiority complex against Fatima az-Zahra (sa), because of the special treatment the Prophet bestowed upon her (Fatima az-Zahra (sa), and the great love and kindness that he favored her with.

Al-Majlisi (May Allah bless his soul) narrated in Bihar that Imam Sadiq (as) said:

"The Messenger of Allah entered his house to find Aisha yelling at Fatima, saying:

`By Allah, O Khadija's daughter, you feel that your mother was better than us; but what favor does she have above us? Is she not saved like us?'

The Prophet (S) heard Aisha's shouting. When Fatima az-Zahra (sa) saw him, she began to cry; the Prophet (S) then said:

`What makes you cry, O daughter of Muhammad?'

Fatima said: 'Aisha degraded my mother, and this has caused me to cry.'

The Messenger of Allah (S) angrily said: `Hush, O Humaira (reddish woman)!! Surely Allah (Exalted is His Name) blessed this devoted, and fertile woman; and Khadija (may Allah bless her soul) gave birth to my children, Al-Tahir (Abdullah) who was purified, A1-Qasim, Ruqayya, Um Kulthum, and Zainab; but Allah has created you with a sterile womb so you do not give birth to any children."

Many other unappreciated utterances were made by Aisha against Fatima az-Zahra (sa); which reflects the deep inborn deviation from which Aisha suffered, was not observed in any other of the Prophet's (as) wives.

This narration clearly states that Lady Khadija's (as) daughters were all the Prophet's direct daughters and not step-daughters. There are also many other proofs, which pertain to this fact; but we will deal with them in another book, for this is not the place for such a study.

On The Way to Marriage

When Fatima az-Zahra reached nine years of age, she was a full-grown woman who enjoyed intellectual maturity, and integrity of conduct. Allah (SwT) gifted her with a brilliant mentality and cleverness, together with beauty, grace and elegance. Her talents were many and her inherited and acquired noble traits excel those of any female, or, male.

Fatima's religious feelings and literary knowledge were unlimited. You will come to know that she was the most knowledgeable and most honourable woman in the world. In fact, history has not witnessed any other woman who achieved such a high level of education, knowledge, and social graces that Fatima reached; regardless of the fact that she did not graduate from any educational establishment save the school of Revelation and Prophethood.

In light of this, it is not strange that prominent companions of the Prophet asked to marry her, but he (as) rejected them by saying:

"Her affair is left to her Lord; whenever He wills, she will marry."

Shu'aib Ibn Saab al-Misri said the following in Ar-Rawd al-Faeq:

"When the sun of her beauty shined in the heavens of Messengership and became full on the horizon of exaltation of the moon of her perfection, the dawns of thoughts reached towards her and the sights of the chosen longed to observe her beauty; so the masters of the Muhajerin and Ansar asked to may her, but the one who was bestowed with Allah's satisfaction (the Prophet (S) rejected them, and said: `I am waiting for Allah's ordinance in her regard."'

Abu Bakr and Umar were among those who asked to marry Fatima, but the Prophet (S) rejected them too, and said that she was still too young for marriage. AbdurRahman Ibn Awf also asked for her hand, but the Prophet (S) ignored him.

‘Ali Ibn Muragi reported in his book Kanz al-Umal v.2 p.99, that Anas Ibn Malik said:

Abu Bakr came to see the Prophet (S). After sitting down he said:

“O Messenger of Allah, you surely know of my devotion and long standing service to Islam...”

The Prophet then said: `What is it that you want?'

Abu Bakr then said: `I want you to give me Fatima in marriage.'

When the Prophet heard this, he did not say anything, so Abu Bakr returned to Umar and said:

`I have ruined myself and others!!'

Umar said: `What happened?'

Abu Bakr replied: `I asked for Fatima's hand from the Prophet, but he ignored me.'

Umar said: `You stay here, and I will go ask the Prophet for the same thing that you asked him for.'

Umar went to the Prophet and after sitting down started saying:

`O Messenger of Allah, you surely know of my devotion and long standing service to Islam...'

The Prophet (S) then said: `What is it that you want?'

Umar replied: `I want you to give me Fatima in marriage.'

But the Prophet (S) ignored him too.

Umar returned to Abu Bakr and said: `He is waiting for Allah's command in her regard."'

Al-Haithami also reported in his book Majma Az-Zawa'ed that Abu Bakr and Umar sent their daughters to the Prophet (S) in order to ask him to give Fatima az-Zahra (sa) in marriage to them; but when the daughters mentioned why they had come, the Prophet (S) said:

"No! Not until Allah's command in her regard is revealed".

Perhaps the Messenger avoided telling Abu Bakr, and Umar openly that he is keeping Fatima az-Zahra (sa) for the qualified man, because he did not want to declare to them that they were unqualified to marry her, and that his daughter was above their level. The Prophet also wanted everything to occur in its natural order.

Imam ‘Ali (as) was staying in the house of Saad Ibn Ma'adh (according to one historical finding) since he had migrated to Medina. One day, while Imam ‘Ali (as) was in one of the gardens of Medina, Saad came to him and said:

"What prevents you from asking to marry Fatima from your cousin?"

It has also been mentioned in Kanz al-Umal that Umar came to ‘Ali (as) (may Allah be pleased with him) and said:

"What prevents you from (marrying) Fatima?"

Imam ‘Ali (as) replied: "I fear that he (the Prophet) will not give her to me in marriage!"

Umar said: "If he does not give her to you in marriage, then who will she marry? Besides, you are the nearest of Allah's creatures to him ...."

Actually, ‘Ali (as) had never mentioned his desire to marry Fatima for two reasons; first his shyness to do so in front of the Prophet (S), and secondly, because of his very difficult economic condition. Imam ‘Ali (as) owned nothing of the material belongings of this world, not even a house, or, a peace of land!! So, how could he get married? And, where would he live with his wife? Besides, Fatima az-Zahra (sa) is not the type of woman who can be neglected, or, looked down upon!!

Nevertheless, the purpose of marriage in Islam is to establish a family. The question of sexual entertainment is not the main goal, rather it is a matter included, and taken care of by marriage. In addition, Islam came to break the chains, and the blind adoption of concepts which deprived many people from marriage by making it difficult for them to acquire partners; thus, preventing them from a basic and natural necessity needed for the survival of mankind. Therefore, thanks to Islam-marriage became an easy affair. Tribalism and race consciousness were eradicated by the new religion. The Prophet (S), who was still going through the stage of building Islam, wanted to set an example through his words and deeds in this field; for he is the exemplar and model for the people. So he fought ignorant and infidel customs through his works and actions.

Imam ‘Ali (as) finally approached the Prophet (S), and asked for Fatima's hand in marriage. The Last Messenger, who has absolute guardianship over all Muslim men and women, including his daughter, would not announce his agreement to the marriage without Fatima’s (sa) consent. By this action, he (as) made it clear that it is absolutely incumbent to obtain the daughter's consent for marriage, because she is the one who is to live with the man and share his life. Indeed, giving a girl in marriage to someone without her prior approval, or, permission is a clear violation of her honour, degradation of her personality, disruption of her soul, and a practical declaration to her that she is like an animal who can be sold, or, given as a gift to anyone without the right to state her opinion.

The Prophet (S) in reply to ‘Ali (as) said:

"Ah, many men have asked before you and she has rejected them-her resentment to marry them was clear on her face. Yet, wait until I bring you the answer."

The Prophet (S) left ‘Ali waiting for the answer. The Prophet informed his daughter that ‘Ali (as) wished to marry her. Fatima az-Zahra (sa) did not need to ask about ‘Ali's (as) occupation, manners, age and other traits; because she knew all about his talents, excellent traits and long standing service to Islam. It is for this reason that the Prophet only said to her:

"Fatima, you know ‘Ali Ibn Abu Talib's relationship to us, his devotion and faithfulness to Islam. I asked Allah to give you in marriage to the best of His creatures, and the most beloved to Him; and he (‘Ali) has declared his wish to marry you; what do you say?"

Fatima az-Zahra did not reply, nor did she show a sign of rejection, or, resentment, so he (as) stood up, and said:

"Allah is the Greatest! Her silence is her approval."

The Prophet (S) considered Fatima’s (sa) silence as her consent, and approval of the marriage; because a shy, virgin girl is not expected to declare her agreement openly. Yes, disagreement and rejection of marriage can be openly expressed by her. But, shyness prevents a girl from declaring her wish to marry a man, but it does not stop her from rejecting it.

The Prophet (S) went back to the waiting ‘Ali (as), and informed him of Fatima’s (sa) approval of the marriage. He also inquired about the extent of his preparedness to fulfil the requirements needed for the wedding, because legally and traditionally there has to be a dowry. Especially in light of the fact that this marriage would be remembered and be of great influence to the future generations. Thus, it was important to observe every element and event, which would play a part of this marriage, within the limits of simplicity and modesty.

The Prophet (S) said to ‘Ali (as):

"Do you possess anything (which you can pay for the dowry) to marry Fatima?'

Imam ‘Ali (as) answered:

"May my parents be your sacrifice By Allah, there is not a thing of my affairs hidden from you; I own my sword, shield and the camel which 1 use for irrigation"

Indeed, this was everything that ‘Ali (as) possessed in this world when he was about to get married!!

The Last Messenger (as) openheartedly listened to ‘Ali (as) and said:

"‘Ali you cannot do without your sword, for you have to struggle with it and defend yourself against the enemies of Allah. As for your camel you need it to irrigate palm trees and support your family, and you need it as a means of travel. But, I accept the shield as a dowry from you; thus, sell it and bring me the money."

‘Ali (as) had won this shield from the booty of the battle of Badr. It was given to him by the Last Messenger, who named it Al-Hademah; because it destroyed all the swords, which stuck it.

The Commander of the Faithful (as) sold the shield for 480, or, 500 dirhams, and brought the money to the Prophet (S). They both agreed that this money would be the dowry of the most honourable girl, and most exalted female of the universe. Yes, Fatima was “the Mistress of the women of the world”, and the daughter of “the Master of Prophets and Messengers”, who was the best of Allah's creatures.

Yet, he gave his daughter in marriage in return for such a modest dowry in order to teach other Muslim girls not to refrain from marriage because of modest dowries. There are many other lessons, which we can learn from Fatima’s (sa) marriage, but this is not the place to mention them.

Despite Fatima's modest marriage on Earth, Allah, the Exalted, bestowed her with an honourable gift. He (Glory be to Him) gave her in marriage to ‘Ali Ibn Abu Talib, before the Messenger himself did so. This is not abnormal, for Allah had given women who are much lower than Fatima in marriage to the Prophet (S), for example, He gave Zainab Bint Jahsh to the Prophet (S) in marriage as it is stated in the Holy Qur’an.

"Then when Zaid had dissolved (his marriage) with her, with the necessary (formality), We joined her in marriage to thee." (33: 50)

Therefore, was it not possible for Fatima’s (sa) wedding to have been celebrated in the exalted heavens, and attended by the nearest angels to Allah, the Exalted, as Prophetic traditions state? Indeed, this is what happened in tribute to Fatima az-Zahra (sa), her Father, her husband, and her future children who are the authorities of Allah on His creatures.

The celebration took place in the fourth Heaven near Al-Bait al-Ma'mour (the constantly attended house of Allah). It was a unique event the like of which the universe had never encountered before. Angels from all the Heavens gathered in the fourth Heaven, and erected the Minbar of Honor, which is made of light. Then Allah, The Almighty, revealed to one of His angels, Rahil, to ascend the Minber and praise and glorify His names as He deserves. Rahil, who was the most eloquent of all angels, did what his Lord revealed to him and said:

"Praise be to Allah, since creation of the first (creatures); He who is ever-lasting (even) after the cessation of all beings; We praise Him for making us spiritual angels, who are submitting to His Godship, and for making us grateful to Him for His benevolence on us.

He safeguarded us from craving for lusts; and made our only pleasure and enjoyment to glorify and exalt Him.

He Who extended His Mercy (upon everything); and bestowed His benevolence (upon everyone). Exalted is His Name from the polytheism of polytheists of the dwellers of Earth, And Elevated by His Creatures from the fabrications of the atheists. Allah, The Omnipotent King, chose the one who was bestowed with special Divine Honor, and the worshipper of His Greatness, for His worshipper, the Mistress of women and the daughter of the best of prophets, the Master of all messengers and the Imam of the pious; so He brought into relations the Prophet with a man from his kin. One who is his believing companion, and was prompt in answering his call -’Ali the devout, with Fatima the splendid and the daughter of the Messenger. "

Then Gabriel added the following words, which were from Allah, the Exalted:

"Praise is Mygarment Greatness is My Magnificence

All the creatures are My slaves men, and women. I give Fatima, My Worshipper in marriage to ‘Ali My chosen worshipper. So, bear witness, O My angels."2

This narration was also reported by a group of Sunni scholars, among them are:

1. AbdurRahman As-Safawi in Nuzhat al-Majalis v.2, p.223, reported that Jabir Ibn Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) said:

"Umm Ayman came to the Prophet crying; the Prophet asked her why she was crying?

She replied:

"A man from the Ansar just informed me that his daughter has just been married, and that sprinkled sweets and almonds on her. Thus, this reminded me that when Fatima married ‘Ali, you did not sprinkle anything on her."

There-upon the Prophet (S) said:

"By Allah Who sent me with honor, and gifted me with the Messengership; when Allah gave Fatima to ‘Ali in marriage, He ordered the nearest angels to surround the Throne-including Gabriel, Michael and Israfil. He also commanded birds to sing, and ordered the tree of Tuba to sprinkle them with fresh pearls, white gems, green chrysolites, and red rubies."

According to another tradition, he said:

"The marriage took place near the Lotus tree in the seventh Heaven, on the night of Ascension. (On that occasion) Allah revealed to the tree: `Sprinkle all that you bear on them.' So, it sprinkled them with gems, jewelry and corals."

2. Al-Hafiz Abu Nu'aym reported in Hilyat al-awliya v.5, p.59, that Abdullah Ibn Masoud said:

"...then Allah commanded the Tree of Paradise to bear gems and jewelry; He then ordered it to sprinkle them over the angels. So, whoever received more than the others on that day, will be proud of it until the Day of Resurrection."

3. This narration was mentioned by: Kharazmi in Maqtal al-Husayn, Asqalani in Lisan al-Mizan and Tahdhib al-Tahdhib, and Qandouzi in Yanabi' al-Mawaddah.

4. It has been reported in Nuzhat al-Majalis that Anas Ibn Malik said:

"The Prophet (S) was in the mosque when he said to ‘Ali (as):

`Here is Gabriel informing me that Allah gave Fatima to you in marriage, and made forty thousand angels testify to her marriage. He also revealed to the Tree of Tuba to sprinkle them with gems, rubies, jewelry and embellishments. When it had done this, the Huris rushed to collect these gems, rubies, jewelry, and embellishments to exchange them for gifts until the Day of Resurrection. " (Suyuti reported this narration in Tahdheer Al-Khawas.)

The Messenger (as) performed the engagement proceedings in the mosque while he was on the Minbar, in the presence of the Muslims, so as to enact the practice of announcing and assigning witnesses to engagement proceedings; and specified the amount of dowry, so that the Muslims could follow his practice in requesting modest dowries for marriages. He said:

"Avoid exaggeration in the (amounts of) dowries, because this causes enmity (between you)."

The Prophet (S) also assigned the desirable practice of limiting dowry to five hundred dirhams. He (as), and the Holy Imams of Ahlul-Bayt never exceeded this amount of dowry in their marriages.

When ‘Ali had sold his sword, he brought the money to the Prophet; who divided it into thirds: one-third was for household necessities, one-third was for perfumes and embellishments for the wedding, and the remaining one-third he gave to Umm Salamah, who was to give it back to ‘Ali to assist him in paying for food for the guests attending the ceremony.

Naturally, ‘Ali's (as) marriage to Fatima Zahra (sa) raised envy and enmity in the hearts of some men; especially those who were rejected by Fatima az-Zahra (sa), and her father when they had asked for her hand. So, it was not strange to see some Quraishans come to the Prophet, and say:

"Surely you have taken a lowly dowry for Fatima az-Zahra (sa) from ‘Ali (as)."

The Prophet (S) replied:

"It was not I who gave (Fatima to) ‘Ali in marriage, rather Allah did so on the night of ascension near the Lotus tree (in the seventh Heaven)..."3

He then added: "Verily I am a man just like you, I marry (from) your women and give you my (marriageable) women in marriage, save Fatima, for her marriage was revealed in Heaven."4

The Prophet (S) gave Abu Bakr some money, and asked him to accompany Bilal, and Salman, (or, Ammar Ibn Yasir) to buy some household necessities for Fatima’s (sa) house. The Prophet (S) said to Abu Bakr:

"Buy some appropriate household necessities for my daughter with this money."

Abu Bakr said: "He gave sixty-three (63) dirhams, so we went to the market and bought the following:

1. Two mattresses made of Egyptian canvas. (One stuffed with fiber and the other with sheep wool)

2. A leather mat

3. A pillow made of skin, filled with palm tree fiber

4. A Khaibarion cloak

5. An animal skin for water

6. Some jugs and jars also for water

7. A pitcher painted with tar

8. A thin curtain made of wool

9. A shirt costing seven (7) dirhams

10. A veil costing four (4) dirhams

11. A black plush cloak

12. A bed embellished with ribbon

13. Four cushions made of skin imported from Ta'ef, stuffed with a good smelling plant.

14. A mat from Hajar

15. A hand-mill

16. A special copper container used for dyestuff

17. A pestle for grinding coffee

18. A (water) skin

When Abu Bakr and the other companions had bought the above-mentioned articles, they carried them to Umm Salama's house. When the Prophet (S) saw them, he started kissing every article and supplicated to Allah, saying:

"O Allah, bless them for they are people who the majority of their belongings are made of natural materials."

These were all the furnishings they purchased for the daughter of the best of all prophets and messengers. But, indeed, marital happiness is not achieved by wealth, and overspending, nor can expensive wardrobes, gems, golden ware, luxurious furniture, splendid palaces, or, comfortable automobiles provide a person with marital happiness, contrary to the beliefs of most people.

How many wealthy women dressed in expensive wardrobes and embellished themselves with gems and jewelry, which cover their necks, arms, and ears consider life an unbearable misery. On the contrary, how many women are there who live in shacks, and cook, bake bread, wash clothes, sweep floors, nurse their children and struggle hard in light of their simple lives; yet, consider themselves happy people and their houses to be gardens of Eden.

This fact is also true for men. Yet, unfortunately, many young unmarried women hold the wrong view that marital happiness can only be found through wealth and luxuries. They consider simplicity a sign of misery, and deprivation; therefore, these miserable youths remain unmarried waiting for marital happiness to knock on their doors, accompanied by wealth and luxuries!!

Notes

1. Musnad Ahmad.

2. Bihar: v.5.

3. Bihar: v.6.

4. Musnad Ahmad.

Fatima’s (sa) Dowry

Although Fatima's dowry was modest, because of the Messenger's wish to set an example for the Muslims, and for other implicit reasons, Fatima az-Zahra (sa) did not ignore her greatness and exalted identity to obtain a fantastic gift for her wedding. Fatima’s (sa) drive for excellence, and perfection motivated her to ask for the right of intercession. If Allah willed for the sinners among the Muslims.

Ahmad Ibn Yusuf Ad-Dimashqi in his book Akhbar al-Doual Wa Ath-tha al-Uwal reported the following:

"It was narrated that when she (Fatima) learnt about her marriage and that her dowry was a small number of dirhams, she said:

`O Messenger of Allah, lay girls take money for dowries; what is the difference between me and them (if my dowry was to be money too)? I kindly ask you to give it back and supplicate to Allah, the Exalted, to make my dowry the right to intercede for the sinners among Muslims (on the Day of Rising).' It was then that Gabriel descended with a label on which the following statement was written:

'Allah ordained Fatima Zahra's dowry to be intercession for the sinners among Muslims.'

When Fatima (sa) was on her deathbed, she asked that the label be put on her chest under the coffin. Thus, it was done so. Fatima (sa) said:

"When I am raised on the Day of Resurrection, I will present this label with my hand to intercede for the sinners from among my Father's nation."

It is apparent that the narration mentioned above illustrates the greatness, honor, and excellence Lady Fatima az-Zahra (sa) enjoyed. The Messenger's supplication was answered, so Fatima az-Zahra (sa) will present the label on the day when it is most needed. Nasfi said:

"Fatima (may Allah be pleased with her) asked the Prophet (S) that her dowry would be intercession for his nation on the day of Resurrection. So, when she passes the path, she will ask for her dowry."

It is worthy to mention that many narrations have been reported on the account of Ahlul-Bayt (as) to the effect that intercession is part of Fatima az-Zahra’s (sa) dowry.

Chapter 18: Al-Adhra

This is one of the names given to Fatima. This name declares that she was always a virgin, in the meaning that she was chaste.

Many traditions have already been mentioned, which attest the fact that she was conceived of heavenly food, and that Fatima was a human “huri” (female of paradise). There is not exaggeration in this expression, rather, stating that Fatima was always virgin, is nothing but the absolute truth. Besides the narrations that verify this fact, the Holy Qur’an states:

"We have created (the huri) of special creation; and made them virgin pure (and undefiled)." (56: 35-36)

This clarifies that “huri”(s) are always virgins. Majma al-Bayan explains this verse as follows: "[What is meant by virgin pure is] that whenever their husbands come near them [have sexual intercourse with them], they find them virgins."

Imam Sadiq (as) was asked: "How can a ‘huri’ always be a virgin (no matter how many times her husband comes near her?"

The Imam (as) answered: "Because ‘huri’(s) is created from pure goodness where no blight can alter them, nor, does decrepitude inflict them... menstruation does not pollute them..."

Fatima's Youth

Lady Fatima az-Zahra (sa) opened her eyes to the world to enjoy prophetic fatherly love, and to suckle Lady Khadija's (as) milk, which was mixed with excellent morals, and perfection.

Growing in the house of revelation, gave her the chance to achieve the highest degree of perfection and excellence. The Prophet (S) taught her divine knowledge, and endowed her with special intelligence, so that she realized the true meaning of faith, piety, and the reality of Islam.

The virtuous upbringing of Fatima az-Zahra (sa) by Allah's Messenger coupled with her capability to perceive divine facts and her spiritual brilliance, and preparedness to ascend to the highest levels of perfection.

Parallel to this, was Allah's (SwT) will that Fatima az-Zahra (sa) should face many sorrows, and live in anguish from the very beginning of her life. She opened her eyes to see her father being fought by his relatives, and strangers, and treated with hostility by the infidels and polytheists. For instance, Fatima might have entered the Sacred Mosque, and seen her father was reading Qur’an in the private chamber of Ismael (around Kaaba), while polytheists were harming him and waging a psychological war against him. One day, Fatima az-Zahra (sa) saw the infidels pour camel placenta on her father while he was prostrating to Allah; so she cleaned his back and while bitterly crying, cursed the unbelievers, and supplicated to Allah to punish them. But, the infidels were sarcastic, in the same respect as any lowly people, and rubble would be.

Ibn Abbas reported that the Quraishians once held a meeting in the Sacred Mosque and vowed by their Idols that as soon as they saw Prophet Muhammad (S), they would all participate in killing him; upon hearing this, Fatima (sa) went crying to her father, and informed him of their conspiracy.

The crisis became more intense when the Messenger of Allah was forcefully confined to Abu Talib's trail (valley) along with his family, and all the members of Abu Talib's family. They lived in an atmosphere overtaken by fear, and anxiety of the constantly expected attack by the infidels at night. The situation grew even worse when the polytheists drew up a treaty to besiege Bani Hashim and impose economic sanctions against them; this treaty allowed no one to sell, or, buy anything from them, including food supplies.

Therefore, the cries of starving children reached the ears of all Meccan inhabitants. The people of Mecca were divided into two groups: One who was enjoying the misfortunes of the Bani Hashim, and the other was deeply affected with their misery.

This situation continued for more than three years. Fatima az-Zahra (sa) was one of those who suffered from this siege, which resulted in awakening the spirit of struggle, honesty and endurance in her; it was as if she was spending a period of training, and exercise, preparing for the near future.

Nevertheless, their ordeal was made easier when Fatima az-Zahra (sa) saw the courageous hero, Abu Talib, aided by Hamza keeping steadfast, and helping her father in every way against the infidels' aggression. Abu Talib declared his adherence to Islam through uttering poetry. Once, the Quraishan heads objected to Abu Talib's support of the Prophet; they said to him: "We will give you a handsome, generous, and courageous Quraishan youth (Amarh Ibn al-Walid) to become your son, if you give us your nephew -Muhammad - who disunites us and humiliates our idols, so that we may kill him!"

Abu Talib said: "This is an unfair offer! Do you mean to give me your son, so I can feed him for you and I give you my nephew to kill? (If this is your way of dealing) then each one of you should give me his son to kill if you want me to give you Muhammad to kill."

Abu Talib's honourable stands in protecting the Prophet were numerous. Had it not been for his faith and strong adherence to Islam, he would not have been steadfast in defending the Messenger and his divine faith. Contrary to Abu Talib, another uncle of the Prophet (S), Abu Lahab-fought fiercely and opposed the Prophet. His shameful conduct was recorded in various history books, and in the Holy Qur’an.

Lady Khadija's (as) Death

Fatima's life was passing by with years full of sorrow, and infliction. When she reached her seventh, or, eighth year, another tragedy clouded her life. The death of Fatima’s (sa) mother, Lady Khadija (as), brought sadness, and grief to her heart; for Lady Khadija (as) was an affectionate mother, who had predicted the tough life her darling daughter would live.

During Lady Khadija's (as) last days, she was confined to bed. One day the Prophet of Allah (S) said to her:

"What you are encountering, is because of us Lady Khadija (as); when you meet your peers send my Salam to them!"

Lady Khadija (as) questioned: "Who are they; O Prophet of Allah?"

He answered: "Maryam Bint Imran, Kalthum (Musa's sister), and Assia-Pharaoh's wife."

She then said: "May you live in harmony and have sons, O Prophet of Allah."

The Messenger of Allah used to say: "I was commanded to give Khadija the good news of a dwelling in Paradise made of brocade where there is neither clamoring nor strain."1

Ibn Al-Athir said that the brocade mentioned in this tradition, is palace-like hallow pearls.

Lady Khadija (as) was once crying in the presence of Asma Bint Umais, who said to her:

"Why are you crying while you are the Mistress of all women, and the Prophet's wife, who will enter Paradise as he has said?"

Khadija replied: "l am not crying (for fear of death), rather, I am crying because every woman needs a close friend on her wedding night to tell her secrets to and help her in certain issues; Fatima is still very young, and I am afraid that she will be alone on her wedding night!"

Asma said: "O my mistress, I vow to you, by Allah, that if I am alive then, I will take your place..."

Lady Khadija (as) died at the age of sixty-three (according to some historians). Her death brought deep sorrow to the Holy Prophet (S), especially since it was followed by the death of Abu Talib, the Prophet's uncle, who died several days (or months) after that. Hence, the year in which the deaths of Lady Khadija (A,S), and Abu Talib occurred, was called "the year of sorrow" by the Prophet (S).

Lady Khadija's (as) death was a disaster for the Prophet; not only because she was his wife, but because she was the first one to console him in his Prophethood. Lady Khadija (as) supported her husband with abundant shares of her property for the sake of Islam. She held a unique calibre in Mecca, and between all Arab women.

When Lady Khadija (as) was buried at Houjoun, the Messenger of Allah stepped down into her grave to bless it. Meanwhile, Fatima az-Zahra (sa) kept close to her father, and asked him:

"Messenger of Allah, where is my Mother?"

The Prophet (S) avoided Fatima’s (sa) question, so she looked around for someone to ask where her Mother was! At that point, Gabriel descended, and revealed the following to the Prophet "Your Lord commands you to inform Fatima that He sends His blessings upon her and says: Your Mother is in a house of brocade, its corners are made of gold, and its poles are of rubies. It is located between Assia's (Pharaoh's wife) and Maryam Bint Imran's houses."

Fatima az-Zahra (sa) then said: "Surely Allah is As-Salam, and peace is from Him and to Him."

Another mournful event that inflicted the Prophet (S) was his uncle's death; Abu Talib had adopted Prophet Muhammad (S) when he was eight years old. Upon the death of his [Prophet Muhammad (S)] father, Abu Talib was the Prophet 's guardian until he reached Fifty three years of age.

Abu Talib's crucial services and support for Islam, and the Prophet never ceased throughout those years. Had it not been for Abu Talib possibly Islam could not have passed the stage of its prime days of propagation.

These two tragic events had a great effect on the messenger's life; the death of Abu Talib caused the Prophet (S) to immigrate to Medina, for he had lost the strongest supporter and advocate of the religion from among his uncles.

Fatima's Immigration

Upon being inflicted with the deaths of Lady Khadija and Abu Talib, the Prophet decided to migrate to Medina. He ordered ‘Ali to lay in his bed during the night that later came to be known as “the night of stay”. During that night, about forty (40), or, fourteen (14) polytheist men sieged the Prophet's house, and were determined to attack and kill him. But, the Prophet had escaped to a nearby cave, and Fatima az-Zahra stayed at home expecting the enemies’ assault at any given minute. She listened to their infidel and atheistic slogans against her father. Only Allah knows how scared and disturbed she was that long night, for she knew the infidels' cruelty and mercilessness.

At dawn, the infidels attacked the house while leveling their swords as if they were ferocious beasts, or, savage dogs. They proceeded to the Prophet's bed intending to kill him, but were surprised to find ‘Ali (as) laying in it wearing the Prophet's clothes. They departed from the house feeling defeated and harbouring resentment, fury, and fire against the Prophet (S), and ‘Ali (as).

Those hours were most aggravating, frightening, and anxious for Fatima az-Zahra (sa). Soon, relief entered her life; Imam ‘Ali (as) took her, and his mother, and Fatima Bint Zubair Ibn Abdul-Muttalib out towards Medina. When the infidels learned this, they intercepted them in an attempt to prevent their migration out of Mecca. Had it not been for the Mercy and Protection of Allah, and the heroism and courage of Imam ‘Ali (as), a catastrophe would have taken place. The infidels were driven back by Imam ‘Ali (as), who continued the journey towards Medina.

Upon arriving in Medina, the Prophet met them and took Fatima to his home, which was originally Abu Ayoub Ansari's. Thus, Fatima became the guest of Abu Ayoub's mother.

Fatima lived with the Prophet in Medina after suffering typhoons of painful incidents, such as the death of her mother, her immigration and the continuous agitations against her. Fatima’s (sa) miseries did not stop here; rather her immigration was the beginning of an era of uninterrupted sorrows.

One year after the Prophet's migration to Medina, the infidels mobilized their men and headed towards the Muslim's stronghold, intending to destroy the new faith; but Gabriel informed the Prophet of their conspiracy, who in turn ordered the immigrants and Medinites to leave the city, and meet the infidels in a place located on the way to Mecca called Badr.

Although the infidels outnumbered the Muslims three to one, the Prophet (S), and his followers defeated them, and returned to Medina triumphant and victorious.

Fatima at Uhud

One year and one month after the battle of Badr, the battle of Uhud took place. In this battle, seventy of the Prophet's most prominent companions were martyred among them being Hamza, the Prophet's uncle and the most notable hero.

In this battle, the Prophet was injured by two rocks on his forehead and mouth. As a result of his injury, the Prophet lost some teeth and blood clotted on his beard as if it was henna. At that moment, Satan shouted in such a manner that all Muslims heard him; he said: "Muhammad has been killed." This created disarray among the Muslims, and many men, save the true faithful, fled the battlefield. Confusion also overtook the Muslim families residing in Medina.

Safiah Bint Abdul Muttalib, the Prophet's aunt, accompanied Fatima az-Zahra to Uhud.

When Fatima az-Zahra (sa) heard of her father's injuries, she started crying and the Hashimite women rushed to help her.

Fatima’s (sa) arrival at the scene of the battle, coincided with the Prophet's inspection of his soldiers, to find out how many had been martyred and wounded. When he reached Hamza, he found him in an indescribable situation; the infidels had badly mutilated his body; they had cut off his fingers, hands, legs, nose, ears, and ruptured his abdomen to get his liver out. They had also cut off his sexual organ and left him in that horrible position.

The scene of Hamza's defaced body brought sadness and pain to the Prophet's heart. The infidel had not abandoned any ugly method of mutilation, which they did not commit against the strong and steadfast supporter of Allah's Apostle, (Peace be upon him and Ahlul-Bayt). While the Prophet was deeply saddened by this infliction, his Aunt and Fatima az-Zahra (sa) were rushing towards the scene. As Soon as he noticed them, he covered Hamza's body with one of his garments. Safia and Fatima az-Zahra (sa) arrived and began crying, and condemning the infidels for their crimes. They noticed that the Prophet's (as) forehead was badly cut, and that blood had become clotted on his face and beard; thus, Fatima az-Zahra (sa) started cleaning his face and said:

"Allah's punishment will be severe on him who caused the Messenger's face to bleed."

‘Ali (as) poured water on the Prophet's face, but this did not stop the bleeding, so Fatima burnt some rope and put its ashes on the cut, which stopped the bleeding. Fatima az-Zahra (sa) spent these moments in sadness, and great anxiety. She was a faithful, and devoted daughter to her father.

When ‘Ali (as) returned to Medina, he gave his sword to Fatima and said:

"Take this sword Fatima; it surely proved itself to be most reliable today."

The Prophet (S) added:

"Take it Fatima, for surely your husband has fully performed his duty; Allah killed the heroes of the Arabs through his hands."

Fatima's help to her father does not mean that she worked as a nurse on the battlefield, despite the claim of some writers who consider this story as proof that Fatima was a battlefield nurse!!

Fatima's Problem's at Home

One of the problems, which disturbed Fatima az-Zahra (sa), was that some of her father's wives were envious and jealous of her. Certain wives of the Prophet (S) developed inferiority complex against Fatima az-Zahra (sa), because of the special treatment the Prophet bestowed upon her (Fatima az-Zahra (sa), and the great love and kindness that he favored her with.

Al-Majlisi (May Allah bless his soul) narrated in Bihar that Imam Sadiq (as) said:

"The Messenger of Allah entered his house to find Aisha yelling at Fatima, saying:

`By Allah, O Khadija's daughter, you feel that your mother was better than us; but what favor does she have above us? Is she not saved like us?'

The Prophet (S) heard Aisha's shouting. When Fatima az-Zahra (sa) saw him, she began to cry; the Prophet (S) then said:

`What makes you cry, O daughter of Muhammad?'

Fatima said: 'Aisha degraded my mother, and this has caused me to cry.'

The Messenger of Allah (S) angrily said: `Hush, O Humaira (reddish woman)!! Surely Allah (Exalted is His Name) blessed this devoted, and fertile woman; and Khadija (may Allah bless her soul) gave birth to my children, Al-Tahir (Abdullah) who was purified, A1-Qasim, Ruqayya, Um Kulthum, and Zainab; but Allah has created you with a sterile womb so you do not give birth to any children."

Many other unappreciated utterances were made by Aisha against Fatima az-Zahra (sa); which reflects the deep inborn deviation from which Aisha suffered, was not observed in any other of the Prophet's (as) wives.

This narration clearly states that Lady Khadija's (as) daughters were all the Prophet's direct daughters and not step-daughters. There are also many other proofs, which pertain to this fact; but we will deal with them in another book, for this is not the place for such a study.

On The Way to Marriage

When Fatima az-Zahra reached nine years of age, she was a full-grown woman who enjoyed intellectual maturity, and integrity of conduct. Allah (SwT) gifted her with a brilliant mentality and cleverness, together with beauty, grace and elegance. Her talents were many and her inherited and acquired noble traits excel those of any female, or, male.

Fatima's religious feelings and literary knowledge were unlimited. You will come to know that she was the most knowledgeable and most honourable woman in the world. In fact, history has not witnessed any other woman who achieved such a high level of education, knowledge, and social graces that Fatima reached; regardless of the fact that she did not graduate from any educational establishment save the school of Revelation and Prophethood.

In light of this, it is not strange that prominent companions of the Prophet asked to marry her, but he (as) rejected them by saying:

"Her affair is left to her Lord; whenever He wills, she will marry."

Shu'aib Ibn Saab al-Misri said the following in Ar-Rawd al-Faeq:

"When the sun of her beauty shined in the heavens of Messengership and became full on the horizon of exaltation of the moon of her perfection, the dawns of thoughts reached towards her and the sights of the chosen longed to observe her beauty; so the masters of the Muhajerin and Ansar asked to may her, but the one who was bestowed with Allah's satisfaction (the Prophet (S) rejected them, and said: `I am waiting for Allah's ordinance in her regard."'

Abu Bakr and Umar were among those who asked to marry Fatima, but the Prophet (S) rejected them too, and said that she was still too young for marriage. AbdurRahman Ibn Awf also asked for her hand, but the Prophet (S) ignored him.

‘Ali Ibn Muragi reported in his book Kanz al-Umal v.2 p.99, that Anas Ibn Malik said:

Abu Bakr came to see the Prophet (S). After sitting down he said:

“O Messenger of Allah, you surely know of my devotion and long standing service to Islam...”

The Prophet then said: `What is it that you want?'

Abu Bakr then said: `I want you to give me Fatima in marriage.'

When the Prophet heard this, he did not say anything, so Abu Bakr returned to Umar and said:

`I have ruined myself and others!!'

Umar said: `What happened?'

Abu Bakr replied: `I asked for Fatima's hand from the Prophet, but he ignored me.'

Umar said: `You stay here, and I will go ask the Prophet for the same thing that you asked him for.'

Umar went to the Prophet and after sitting down started saying:

`O Messenger of Allah, you surely know of my devotion and long standing service to Islam...'

The Prophet (S) then said: `What is it that you want?'

Umar replied: `I want you to give me Fatima in marriage.'

But the Prophet (S) ignored him too.

Umar returned to Abu Bakr and said: `He is waiting for Allah's command in her regard."'

Al-Haithami also reported in his book Majma Az-Zawa'ed that Abu Bakr and Umar sent their daughters to the Prophet (S) in order to ask him to give Fatima az-Zahra (sa) in marriage to them; but when the daughters mentioned why they had come, the Prophet (S) said:

"No! Not until Allah's command in her regard is revealed".

Perhaps the Messenger avoided telling Abu Bakr, and Umar openly that he is keeping Fatima az-Zahra (sa) for the qualified man, because he did not want to declare to them that they were unqualified to marry her, and that his daughter was above their level. The Prophet also wanted everything to occur in its natural order.

Imam ‘Ali (as) was staying in the house of Saad Ibn Ma'adh (according to one historical finding) since he had migrated to Medina. One day, while Imam ‘Ali (as) was in one of the gardens of Medina, Saad came to him and said:

"What prevents you from asking to marry Fatima from your cousin?"

It has also been mentioned in Kanz al-Umal that Umar came to ‘Ali (as) (may Allah be pleased with him) and said:

"What prevents you from (marrying) Fatima?"

Imam ‘Ali (as) replied: "I fear that he (the Prophet) will not give her to me in marriage!"

Umar said: "If he does not give her to you in marriage, then who will she marry? Besides, you are the nearest of Allah's creatures to him ...."

Actually, ‘Ali (as) had never mentioned his desire to marry Fatima for two reasons; first his shyness to do so in front of the Prophet (S), and secondly, because of his very difficult economic condition. Imam ‘Ali (as) owned nothing of the material belongings of this world, not even a house, or, a peace of land!! So, how could he get married? And, where would he live with his wife? Besides, Fatima az-Zahra (sa) is not the type of woman who can be neglected, or, looked down upon!!

Nevertheless, the purpose of marriage in Islam is to establish a family. The question of sexual entertainment is not the main goal, rather it is a matter included, and taken care of by marriage. In addition, Islam came to break the chains, and the blind adoption of concepts which deprived many people from marriage by making it difficult for them to acquire partners; thus, preventing them from a basic and natural necessity needed for the survival of mankind. Therefore, thanks to Islam-marriage became an easy affair. Tribalism and race consciousness were eradicated by the new religion. The Prophet (S), who was still going through the stage of building Islam, wanted to set an example through his words and deeds in this field; for he is the exemplar and model for the people. So he fought ignorant and infidel customs through his works and actions.

Imam ‘Ali (as) finally approached the Prophet (S), and asked for Fatima's hand in marriage. The Last Messenger, who has absolute guardianship over all Muslim men and women, including his daughter, would not announce his agreement to the marriage without Fatima’s (sa) consent. By this action, he (as) made it clear that it is absolutely incumbent to obtain the daughter's consent for marriage, because she is the one who is to live with the man and share his life. Indeed, giving a girl in marriage to someone without her prior approval, or, permission is a clear violation of her honour, degradation of her personality, disruption of her soul, and a practical declaration to her that she is like an animal who can be sold, or, given as a gift to anyone without the right to state her opinion.

The Prophet (S) in reply to ‘Ali (as) said:

"Ah, many men have asked before you and she has rejected them-her resentment to marry them was clear on her face. Yet, wait until I bring you the answer."

The Prophet (S) left ‘Ali waiting for the answer. The Prophet informed his daughter that ‘Ali (as) wished to marry her. Fatima az-Zahra (sa) did not need to ask about ‘Ali's (as) occupation, manners, age and other traits; because she knew all about his talents, excellent traits and long standing service to Islam. It is for this reason that the Prophet only said to her:

"Fatima, you know ‘Ali Ibn Abu Talib's relationship to us, his devotion and faithfulness to Islam. I asked Allah to give you in marriage to the best of His creatures, and the most beloved to Him; and he (‘Ali) has declared his wish to marry you; what do you say?"

Fatima az-Zahra did not reply, nor did she show a sign of rejection, or, resentment, so he (as) stood up, and said:

"Allah is the Greatest! Her silence is her approval."

The Prophet (S) considered Fatima’s (sa) silence as her consent, and approval of the marriage; because a shy, virgin girl is not expected to declare her agreement openly. Yes, disagreement and rejection of marriage can be openly expressed by her. But, shyness prevents a girl from declaring her wish to marry a man, but it does not stop her from rejecting it.

The Prophet (S) went back to the waiting ‘Ali (as), and informed him of Fatima’s (sa) approval of the marriage. He also inquired about the extent of his preparedness to fulfil the requirements needed for the wedding, because legally and traditionally there has to be a dowry. Especially in light of the fact that this marriage would be remembered and be of great influence to the future generations. Thus, it was important to observe every element and event, which would play a part of this marriage, within the limits of simplicity and modesty.

The Prophet (S) said to ‘Ali (as):

"Do you possess anything (which you can pay for the dowry) to marry Fatima?'

Imam ‘Ali (as) answered:

"May my parents be your sacrifice By Allah, there is not a thing of my affairs hidden from you; I own my sword, shield and the camel which 1 use for irrigation"

Indeed, this was everything that ‘Ali (as) possessed in this world when he was about to get married!!

The Last Messenger (as) openheartedly listened to ‘Ali (as) and said:

"‘Ali you cannot do without your sword, for you have to struggle with it and defend yourself against the enemies of Allah. As for your camel you need it to irrigate palm trees and support your family, and you need it as a means of travel. But, I accept the shield as a dowry from you; thus, sell it and bring me the money."

‘Ali (as) had won this shield from the booty of the battle of Badr. It was given to him by the Last Messenger, who named it Al-Hademah; because it destroyed all the swords, which stuck it.

The Commander of the Faithful (as) sold the shield for 480, or, 500 dirhams, and brought the money to the Prophet (S). They both agreed that this money would be the dowry of the most honourable girl, and most exalted female of the universe. Yes, Fatima was “the Mistress of the women of the world”, and the daughter of “the Master of Prophets and Messengers”, who was the best of Allah's creatures.

Yet, he gave his daughter in marriage in return for such a modest dowry in order to teach other Muslim girls not to refrain from marriage because of modest dowries. There are many other lessons, which we can learn from Fatima’s (sa) marriage, but this is not the place to mention them.

Despite Fatima's modest marriage on Earth, Allah, the Exalted, bestowed her with an honourable gift. He (Glory be to Him) gave her in marriage to ‘Ali Ibn Abu Talib, before the Messenger himself did so. This is not abnormal, for Allah had given women who are much lower than Fatima in marriage to the Prophet (S), for example, He gave Zainab Bint Jahsh to the Prophet (S) in marriage as it is stated in the Holy Qur’an.

"Then when Zaid had dissolved (his marriage) with her, with the necessary (formality), We joined her in marriage to thee." (33: 50)

Therefore, was it not possible for Fatima’s (sa) wedding to have been celebrated in the exalted heavens, and attended by the nearest angels to Allah, the Exalted, as Prophetic traditions state? Indeed, this is what happened in tribute to Fatima az-Zahra (sa), her Father, her husband, and her future children who are the authorities of Allah on His creatures.

The celebration took place in the fourth Heaven near Al-Bait al-Ma'mour (the constantly attended house of Allah). It was a unique event the like of which the universe had never encountered before. Angels from all the Heavens gathered in the fourth Heaven, and erected the Minbar of Honor, which is made of light. Then Allah, The Almighty, revealed to one of His angels, Rahil, to ascend the Minber and praise and glorify His names as He deserves. Rahil, who was the most eloquent of all angels, did what his Lord revealed to him and said:

"Praise be to Allah, since creation of the first (creatures); He who is ever-lasting (even) after the cessation of all beings; We praise Him for making us spiritual angels, who are submitting to His Godship, and for making us grateful to Him for His benevolence on us.

He safeguarded us from craving for lusts; and made our only pleasure and enjoyment to glorify and exalt Him.

He Who extended His Mercy (upon everything); and bestowed His benevolence (upon everyone). Exalted is His Name from the polytheism of polytheists of the dwellers of Earth, And Elevated by His Creatures from the fabrications of the atheists. Allah, The Omnipotent King, chose the one who was bestowed with special Divine Honor, and the worshipper of His Greatness, for His worshipper, the Mistress of women and the daughter of the best of prophets, the Master of all messengers and the Imam of the pious; so He brought into relations the Prophet with a man from his kin. One who is his believing companion, and was prompt in answering his call -’Ali the devout, with Fatima the splendid and the daughter of the Messenger. "

Then Gabriel added the following words, which were from Allah, the Exalted:

"Praise is Mygarment Greatness is My Magnificence

All the creatures are My slaves men, and women. I give Fatima, My Worshipper in marriage to ‘Ali My chosen worshipper. So, bear witness, O My angels."2

This narration was also reported by a group of Sunni scholars, among them are:

1. AbdurRahman As-Safawi in Nuzhat al-Majalis v.2, p.223, reported that Jabir Ibn Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) said:

"Umm Ayman came to the Prophet crying; the Prophet asked her why she was crying?

She replied:

"A man from the Ansar just informed me that his daughter has just been married, and that sprinkled sweets and almonds on her. Thus, this reminded me that when Fatima married ‘Ali, you did not sprinkle anything on her."

There-upon the Prophet (S) said:

"By Allah Who sent me with honor, and gifted me with the Messengership; when Allah gave Fatima to ‘Ali in marriage, He ordered the nearest angels to surround the Throne-including Gabriel, Michael and Israfil. He also commanded birds to sing, and ordered the tree of Tuba to sprinkle them with fresh pearls, white gems, green chrysolites, and red rubies."

According to another tradition, he said:

"The marriage took place near the Lotus tree in the seventh Heaven, on the night of Ascension. (On that occasion) Allah revealed to the tree: `Sprinkle all that you bear on them.' So, it sprinkled them with gems, jewelry and corals."

2. Al-Hafiz Abu Nu'aym reported in Hilyat al-awliya v.5, p.59, that Abdullah Ibn Masoud said:

"...then Allah commanded the Tree of Paradise to bear gems and jewelry; He then ordered it to sprinkle them over the angels. So, whoever received more than the others on that day, will be proud of it until the Day of Resurrection."

3. This narration was mentioned by: Kharazmi in Maqtal al-Husayn, Asqalani in Lisan al-Mizan and Tahdhib al-Tahdhib, and Qandouzi in Yanabi' al-Mawaddah.

4. It has been reported in Nuzhat al-Majalis that Anas Ibn Malik said:

"The Prophet (S) was in the mosque when he said to ‘Ali (as):

`Here is Gabriel informing me that Allah gave Fatima to you in marriage, and made forty thousand angels testify to her marriage. He also revealed to the Tree of Tuba to sprinkle them with gems, rubies, jewelry and embellishments. When it had done this, the Huris rushed to collect these gems, rubies, jewelry, and embellishments to exchange them for gifts until the Day of Resurrection. " (Suyuti reported this narration in Tahdheer Al-Khawas.)

The Messenger (as) performed the engagement proceedings in the mosque while he was on the Minbar, in the presence of the Muslims, so as to enact the practice of announcing and assigning witnesses to engagement proceedings; and specified the amount of dowry, so that the Muslims could follow his practice in requesting modest dowries for marriages. He said:

"Avoid exaggeration in the (amounts of) dowries, because this causes enmity (between you)."

The Prophet (S) also assigned the desirable practice of limiting dowry to five hundred dirhams. He (as), and the Holy Imams of Ahlul-Bayt never exceeded this amount of dowry in their marriages.

When ‘Ali had sold his sword, he brought the money to the Prophet; who divided it into thirds: one-third was for household necessities, one-third was for perfumes and embellishments for the wedding, and the remaining one-third he gave to Umm Salamah, who was to give it back to ‘Ali to assist him in paying for food for the guests attending the ceremony.

Naturally, ‘Ali's (as) marriage to Fatima Zahra (sa) raised envy and enmity in the hearts of some men; especially those who were rejected by Fatima az-Zahra (sa), and her father when they had asked for her hand. So, it was not strange to see some Quraishans come to the Prophet, and say:

"Surely you have taken a lowly dowry for Fatima az-Zahra (sa) from ‘Ali (as)."

The Prophet (S) replied:

"It was not I who gave (Fatima to) ‘Ali in marriage, rather Allah did so on the night of ascension near the Lotus tree (in the seventh Heaven)..."3

He then added: "Verily I am a man just like you, I marry (from) your women and give you my (marriageable) women in marriage, save Fatima, for her marriage was revealed in Heaven."4

The Prophet (S) gave Abu Bakr some money, and asked him to accompany Bilal, and Salman, (or, Ammar Ibn Yasir) to buy some household necessities for Fatima’s (sa) house. The Prophet (S) said to Abu Bakr:

"Buy some appropriate household necessities for my daughter with this money."

Abu Bakr said: "He gave sixty-three (63) dirhams, so we went to the market and bought the following:

1. Two mattresses made of Egyptian canvas. (One stuffed with fiber and the other with sheep wool)

2. A leather mat

3. A pillow made of skin, filled with palm tree fiber

4. A Khaibarion cloak

5. An animal skin for water

6. Some jugs and jars also for water

7. A pitcher painted with tar

8. A thin curtain made of wool

9. A shirt costing seven (7) dirhams

10. A veil costing four (4) dirhams

11. A black plush cloak

12. A bed embellished with ribbon

13. Four cushions made of skin imported from Ta'ef, stuffed with a good smelling plant.

14. A mat from Hajar

15. A hand-mill

16. A special copper container used for dyestuff

17. A pestle for grinding coffee

18. A (water) skin

When Abu Bakr and the other companions had bought the above-mentioned articles, they carried them to Umm Salama's house. When the Prophet (S) saw them, he started kissing every article and supplicated to Allah, saying:

"O Allah, bless them for they are people who the majority of their belongings are made of natural materials."

These were all the furnishings they purchased for the daughter of the best of all prophets and messengers. But, indeed, marital happiness is not achieved by wealth, and overspending, nor can expensive wardrobes, gems, golden ware, luxurious furniture, splendid palaces, or, comfortable automobiles provide a person with marital happiness, contrary to the beliefs of most people.

How many wealthy women dressed in expensive wardrobes and embellished themselves with gems and jewelry, which cover their necks, arms, and ears consider life an unbearable misery. On the contrary, how many women are there who live in shacks, and cook, bake bread, wash clothes, sweep floors, nurse their children and struggle hard in light of their simple lives; yet, consider themselves happy people and their houses to be gardens of Eden.

This fact is also true for men. Yet, unfortunately, many young unmarried women hold the wrong view that marital happiness can only be found through wealth and luxuries. They consider simplicity a sign of misery, and deprivation; therefore, these miserable youths remain unmarried waiting for marital happiness to knock on their doors, accompanied by wealth and luxuries!!

Notes

1. Musnad Ahmad.

2. Bihar: v.5.

3. Bihar: v.6.

4. Musnad Ahmad.

Fatima’s (sa) Dowry

Although Fatima's dowry was modest, because of the Messenger's wish to set an example for the Muslims, and for other implicit reasons, Fatima az-Zahra (sa) did not ignore her greatness and exalted identity to obtain a fantastic gift for her wedding. Fatima’s (sa) drive for excellence, and perfection motivated her to ask for the right of intercession. If Allah willed for the sinners among the Muslims.

Ahmad Ibn Yusuf Ad-Dimashqi in his book Akhbar al-Doual Wa Ath-tha al-Uwal reported the following:

"It was narrated that when she (Fatima) learnt about her marriage and that her dowry was a small number of dirhams, she said:

`O Messenger of Allah, lay girls take money for dowries; what is the difference between me and them (if my dowry was to be money too)? I kindly ask you to give it back and supplicate to Allah, the Exalted, to make my dowry the right to intercede for the sinners among Muslims (on the Day of Rising).' It was then that Gabriel descended with a label on which the following statement was written:

'Allah ordained Fatima Zahra's dowry to be intercession for the sinners among Muslims.'

When Fatima (sa) was on her deathbed, she asked that the label be put on her chest under the coffin. Thus, it was done so. Fatima (sa) said:

"When I am raised on the Day of Resurrection, I will present this label with my hand to intercede for the sinners from among my Father's nation."

It is apparent that the narration mentioned above illustrates the greatness, honor, and excellence Lady Fatima az-Zahra (sa) enjoyed. The Messenger's supplication was answered, so Fatima az-Zahra (sa) will present the label on the day when it is most needed. Nasfi said:

"Fatima (may Allah be pleased with her) asked the Prophet (S) that her dowry would be intercession for his nation on the day of Resurrection. So, when she passes the path, she will ask for her dowry."

It is worthy to mention that many narrations have been reported on the account of Ahlul-Bayt (as) to the effect that intercession is part of Fatima az-Zahra’s (sa) dowry.