Alhassanain(p) Network for Heritage and Islamic Thought

Table of Contents

Introduction: 19

PREFACE. 20

Postscript for the HTML version: 21

Post Postscript: 22

Alif 23

ibtihaj 23

abad. 23

Ibda‘ 23

Abarkhus 23

Ibisqulas 23

Ibtulamayus 23

al-ab‘ad al-thalathah. 23

Ablus 23

Abuditqitiqa 23

Abidhqulis 24

Abiqurus 24

Abiquriyah. 24

ittihad fi’ l-idafah, also called ittihad fi’ l-nisbah. 24

ittihad fi’ l-jins 24

ittihad fi’ l-khassah. 24

ittihad fi’ l-kamm. 24

ittihad fi’ l-kaif 25

ittihad fi’ l-nau’ 25

ittihad fi’ l-maudu. 25

ittihad fi’ l-wad’ 25

ittisal 25

al-athar al-‘ulwiyah. 25

ithbat al-Bari 25

Uthulujiya Aristatalis 25

ijitima al-naqidain. 26

al-ajsad al-saba‘ah. 26

al-ajnas al-‘ashr 26

ihtijaj 26

ihdath. 26

Ihdath al-jaww. 26

Ihsar 26

akhadha mabi’ l-‘ard makan bi’l-dhat 26

al-akhlat al-arba‘ah. 26

Ikhwan al-Safa’ 27

idrak. 27

adwar-o-akwar 27

Iraqalitus 27

Irkhila’us 27

Aristatalis 27

Arastarkhus 27

Aristifus 28

Arshimidus 28

al-Arghanun. 28

Al-arkan al-arba‘ah. 28

Aribasuyus 28

azal 28

Al-as’ilat al-muta‘addadah. 28

Asbusiyus 28

istithna’ al-raf‘i 29

istithna’ al-wad‘i 29

istihalah. 29

istidlal 29

isti‘dad. 29

istiqra’ 29

al-istiqra’ al-naqis 29

ustuqussat 29

Asqalibiyus 30

Asqalifiyadis 30

Iskandar Ifrudisi 30

al-asma’ al-ma ‘dulah. 30

ishtibah. 30

ishtirak al-hadd al-asqhar 30

ishtirak al-hadd al-akbar 30

ishtirak al-hadd al-aust 30

ishtirak al-lafzi 30

isalat al-wujud. 30

ashab al-buddawah. 30

ashab al-Mazallah. 31

aslah. 31

al-usul al-muta‘arafah. 31

al-usul al-maudu‘ah. 31

idafah. 31

i‘tibar 31

i‘tibari 31

addad. 31

al-atraf al-arba‘ah. 31

al-a‘dad al-tabi‘iyah. 31

‘Arif 31

‘ayn. 32

a‘yan. 32

al-a ‘yan al-thabitah. 32

Aghathadhimun. 32

Aflatun. 32

al-Aflatuniyat al-Muhdathah. 32

Afudiqtiqi 33

Aqadhamiya 33

Uqlidis 33

Uqlidis (al-Magharah) 33

iqna‘ 33

iktisab. 33

iltizam. 33

ilja' 33

a’immat al-asma’ 33

al-a’immat al-sab‘ah. 33

Imtidad. 34

al-imtidadat al-thalath. 34

al-ummahat al-sufliyah. 34

al-ummahat al-‘ulwiyah. 34

al-ummahat al-fada’il 34

Amuniyus 34

an  34

Analutiqa 34

Analutiqa Thani 34

Anbadqulis 35

intiza‘i 35

al-an al-da’im. 35

Indaruniqus 35

al-insan al-kamil 35

an-i sayyal 35

infi‘al 35

infi‘alat 35

infi‘aliyat 36

Anaksimans 36

Ankimas 36

inqi?a' 36

Anulutiqa 36

anniyah. 36

Ahrun al-Quss 37

ahl al-khibrah. 37

ahl al-‘ulwiyah. 37

ahl al-mazall 37

ahl al-mizan. 37

ihmal 37

Udimas 37

Udhimya 37

Utuluqus 37

awwaliyat 37

Iyamlikhus 37

Irin al-Mijaniqi 38

al-Isaghuji 38

aina 38

Ayudhukhus 38

ayyu. 38

Baa. 39

bariqah. 39

Bari Irminiyas 39

Balinus 39

Babus 39

badihat 39

badihi 39

barzakh. 39

Buruqlus 40

Barminidus 40

burhan. 40

al-Burhan. 40

al-burhan al-inni 40

al-burhan al-tatbiqi 40

al-burhan al-khatabi 40

al-burhan al-siddiqin. 40

al-burhan al-qati‘ 41

al-burhan al-limi 41

al-burhan al-mutlaq. 41

al-basa’it al-ustuqussiyah. 41

al-basa’it al-mjarradah. 41

al-basait al-‘aqli 41

basar 41

Batlamiyus (al-Qaludhi) 42

Buqrat 42

Buthaghuras 42

Buda Yusuf 42

Butiqa 42

Buyutiqa 42

Taa. 43

al-Tasu‘at 43

Taammun. 43

Ta'alluq. 43

Tafdhil 43

Tafwi? 43

Tahaul 43

Tali 43

Talis 43

Tajalli 43

Tajalliyat 43

Tajrid. 44

Tajsim al-a‘mal 44

tahkim. 44

takhalkhul 44

Tartib. 44

al-tarkib al-ittihadi 44

al-tarkib al-in?imami 44

al-tarkib al-mufaal 44

tasalsul 44

tadhadd. 44

al-tadhadd al-tahtani 45

al-ta‘rif al-haqiqi 45

ta‘rif al-majhul bi’l-majhul 45

ta‘lil 45

ta‘limi 45

al-Tafsir 45

tafil al-murakkab. 45

taqabul 45

taqabul bain al-‘adm wa’l-milkah. 45

taqabul al-ta?ayuf 46

taqabul al-?iddain. 46

taqabul fi’l-salb wa’l-ijab. 46

taqaddum. 46

taqaddum bi’l-dhat 46

taqaddum bi’l-zaman. 46

taqaddum bi’l-sharf 46

taqaddum bil’l-tab‘ 46

taqaddum bi’l-martabah. 47

taqrib. 47

taqsim bi’l-tanqi? 47

takathuf 47

takwin. 47

tamthil 47

tanaqudh. 47

al-tanaqudh fi’l-mahsurat 47

taulid. 48

tawahhum. 48

Thaa. 49

Thalis al-Malti 49

Thamistiyus 49

Tha’ufarustus 49

Tha’un. 49

Jeem. 50

Jalinus 50

al-Jadal 50

jiddah. 50

jirm (pl. ajram) 50

al-juz’ alladhi la yatajazza’ 50

juz' ikhtiyar 50

jism  50

al-jism al-basit 51

al-jism al-ta‘limi 51

al-jism al-tabi’i 51

ja'l 51

ja'l basit 51

ja'l murakkab. 51

jam‘ al-masa’il fi mas’alat-in. 51

jins 51

jins al-ajnas 51

al-jins al-tab‘i 51

al-jins al-‘aqli 51

al-jins al-mantiqi 51

jihah (pl. jihat) 52

al-jawahir al-awwal 52

al-jawahir al-thani 52

jauhar 52

al-jauhar al-fard. 52

Haa. 53

al-hass al-‘amm. 53

hashiyatain. 53

hal 53

hujjat al-Islam. 53

hadd. 53

al-hadd al-asghar 53

al-hadd al-akbar 53

al-hadd al-ausat 53

al-hadd al-tamm. 53

hads 54

al-hadd ghair al-muwati 54

al-hadd al-kamil 54

al-hadd al-muwati 54

al-hadd al-naqis 54

al-hudud al-thalathah. 54

hadith. 54

harakat al-Ittisal 54

al-harakat al-iradiyah. 54

al-harakat al-dhatiyah. 54

al-harakat al-tabi‘iyah. 54

al-harakat al-‘ardiyah. 55

harakat fi’l-ain. 55

harakat fi’l-kamm. 55

harakat fi’l-kaif 55

harakat fi’l-wad‘ 55

al-harakat al-qasriyah. 55

al-harakat al-mustadirah. 55

al-harakat al-mustaqimah. 55

al-hiss al-mushtarik. 55

hissah. 56

hukm. 56

al-hukm al-salib. 56

al-hukm al-mujib. 56

al-hikmat al-ishraqiyah. 56

al-hikmat al-bahthiyah. 56

al-hikmat al-dhauqiyah. 56

al-hikmat al-riyadiyah. 57

al-hikmat al-majhuulah. 57

al-hikmat al-muwwahamah. 57

hay'ah. 57

haduth. 57

hulul 57

al-hulul al-jawari 57

al-hulul al-sarayani 57

al-hulul al-tarayani 57

haml al-ishtiqaq. 57

haml al-muwatah. 57

al-hawas al-batinah. 58

al-hawas al-khamsah. 58

al-hawas al-zahirah. 58

Hayy Ibn Yaqzan. 58

Khaa. 59

khas 59

kharq al-‘adah. 59

al-Khatabah. 59

khasm. 59

khala’ 59

khalf 59

khalq. 59

khawalif 59

al-khayal al-muttasil 59

al-khayal al-munfasil 59

Daal 60

dakhilatan taht al-tadadd. 60

da‘im. 60

darajah. 60

dalalah. 60

dalalat al-iltizam. 60

dalalat al-tadammun. 60

dalalat al-tatafful 60

dalalat al-haitah. 60

dalalat al-mutabaqah. 60

dalil 60

al-dalil al-iqna‘i 61

dahr 61

daur 61

Dimiqratis 61

Dayujans al-Kalabi 61

Dhal 62

dha’i‘at 62

dhat 62

dhakirah. 62

dhubul 62

dhu. 62

dhu al-jihatain. 62

dhauq. 62

Dhiyasquridhus 62

Dhayufantus 62

Raa. 63

ribatah. 63

al-radd ‘ala al-imtina‘ 63

ridf 63

al-rasm al-tamm. 63

al-rasm al-naqis 63

raf‘ al-tali 63

raf‘ al-muqaddam. 63

Rawaqiyah. 63

al-ruh al-jariyah. 64

al-ruh al-hayawaniyah. 64

al-ruh al-tabi‘iyah. 64

al-ruh al-ghariziyah. 64

al-ruh al-muhkam. 64

al-ruh al-nabatiyah. 64

al-ruh al-nafsaniyah. 64

ru’us al-fada’il 64

Rituriqa 64

Zaa. 65

zuhal 65

zaman. 65

zuhrah. 65

zauj al-zauj 65

Zainun. 65

Zainun al-Akbar 65

Seen. 66

al-salibat al-juz’iyah. 66

al-salibat al-kulliyah. 66

Sirr al-Asrar 66

sarmad. 66

sufustah. 66

Suqratis 66

sam‘ 66

Sinibliqus 66

su’ i‘tibar al-haml 67

sur 67

Sufistiqa 67

Sha. 68

sha'n. 68

shakhs 68

al-shartiyat al-muttasilah. 68

al-shartiyat al-munfasilah. 68

al-Shi‘r 68

shakl (pl. ashkal) 68

al-shakl al-awwal 68

al-shakl al-thalith. 68

al-shakl al-thani 68

shamm. 69

al-shauq al-tabi‘i 69

al-Shaikh al-akbar 69

al-Shaikh al-Ra’is 69

al-Shaikh al-Yunani 69

Sad. 70

Sadr al-Muta’allihin. 70

Sughra 70

al-Suwar la-Aflatuniyah. 70

Suwar al-buruj 70

Surah. 70

Da. 71

iddan. 71

darb. 71

al-durub al-tahani 71

al-durub al-taqwiyah. 71

al-durub al-‘aqim. 71

al-durub al-muntaj 71

Tah. 72

tarafain (sing. tarf) 72

tu‘um. 72

Tafrah. 72

Tubiqa 72

Taima’us 72

Ain. 73

‘alam al-mufariqat 73

al-‘Ibarah. 73

al-‘adad al-fard. 73

‘adl 73

‘adm al-luzum bi’l-tab‘ 73

‘ard (pl. a‘rad) 73

‘asabiyah. 73

‘Utarid. 74

al-‘aql bi’l-fi‘l 74

al-‘aql bi’l-malakah. 74

al-‘aql al-‘amali 74

al-‘aql al-fa‘‘al 74

al-‘aql al-mustafad. 75

al-‘aql al-mufariq. 75

al-‘aql al-nazari 75

al-‘aql al-hayulani 75

al-‘uqul al-‘asharah. 75

‘aqim. 75

‘aks 75

al-‘aks al-mustawi 76

al-‘aks al-naqid. 76

al-‘illat al-tammah. 76

al-‘illat al-suriyah. 76

al-‘illat al-gha’iyah. 76

al-‘illat al-fa‘iliyah. 76

al-‘illat al-lima’iyah. 76

al-‘illat al-maddiyah. 76

al-‘illat al-naqisah. 76

al-‘illat al-hayullaniyah. 77

al-‘ilal al-arba‘ah. 77

al-‘ilm al-ladunni 77

‘anasir 77

al-‘anasir al-‘uqud. 77

al-‘anasir al-a‘zam. 77

al-‘anasir al-thaqil 77

al-‘anasir al-khafif 77

‘ain (pl. a‘yan) 77

‘ain al-tali 78

‘ain al-muqaddam. 78

Fah. 79

Firfuriyus 79

farq. 79

fasl 79

al-fasl al-khass 79

fasl khass al-khass 80

al-fasl al-‘amm. 80

fitrah. 80

fitri 80

fi‘l 80

Fi‘l-a‘yan. 80

Flatinus 80

al-falsafat al-ula 80

falsafah-i Yamani 80

falak (pl. aflak) 81

falak al-aflak. 81

al-falak al-awwal 81

falak al-tadwir 81

Fulutarkhis 81

Fulutin. 81

fantasiya 81

Futhaghuras 81

Furun. 81

Fulitus 82

Fithaghuras 82

Qaf 83

al-Qatighuriyas 83

qarabadin. 83

qarinah. 83

qadiyah. 83

al-qadiyat al-ihtimaliyah. 83

al-qadiyatan al-dakhilatan taht al-tadadd. 83

al-qadiyatan al-mutadakhilatan. 83

al-qadiyatan al-mutadaddatan. 84

al-qadiyatan al-mutaqabilatan. 84

al-qadiyatan al-mutaqabilatan bi’l-tanaqud. 84

al-qadiyat al-basitah. 84

al-qadiyat al-ba‘diyah. 84

al-qadiyat al-thulathiyah. 84

al-qadiyat al-thana’iyah. 84

al-qadiyat al-juz’iyah. 84

al-qadiyat al-hamliyah. 85

al-qadiyat al-salibah. 85

al-qadiyat al-salibat al-juz’iyah. 85

al-qadiyat al-salibat al-kulliyah. 85

al-qadiyat al-shakhsiyat al-makhsusah. 85

al-qadiyat al-shartiyah. 85

al-qadiyat al-dururiyah. 85

al-qadiyat al-kulliyah. 85

al-qadiyat al-muttasilah. 85

al-qadiyat al-muhassalah. 86

al-qadiyat al-mahsurah. 86

al-qadiyat al-mkhsusah. 86

al-qadiyat al-murakkabah. 86

al-qadiyat al-musawwarah. 86

al-qadiyat al-mutlaqah. 86

al-qadiyat al-ma‘dulah. 86

al-qadiyat al-mumtana‘ah. 87

al-qadiyat al-munfasilah. 87

al-qadiyat al-muhmalah. 87

al-qadiyat al-mujibah. 87

al-qadiyat al-mujibah al-juz’iyah. 87

al-qadiyat al-mujibat al-kulliyah. 87

al-qadiyat al-wujudiyah. 87

qalb. 87

al-quwwat al-ba‘ithah. 87

al-quwwat al-jadhibah. 88

al-quwwat al-hafizah. 88

al-quwwat al-dafi‘ah. 88

al-quwwat al-dhakirah. 88

al-quwwat al-shauqiyah. 88

al-quwwat al-tabi‘iyah. 88

al-quwwat al-‘aqliyah. 88

al-quwwat al-ghadhiyah. 89

al-quwwat al-ghadbiyah. 89

al-quwwat al-fa‘ilah. 89

al-quwwat al-mutakhayyilah. 89

al-quwwat al-mutadhakkirah. 89

al-quwwat al-mutasawwirah. 90

al-quwwat al-mutawahhimah. 90

al-quwwat al-muharrikah. 90

al-quwwat al-mudrikah. 90

al-quwwat al-mustarji‘ah. 91

al-quwwat al-musawwirah. 91

al-quwwat al-mufkkirah. 91

al-quwwat al-muwallidah. 91

al-quwwat al-natiqah. 91

al-quwwat al-namiyah. 91

al-quwwat al-nuzu‘iyah. 91

al-quwwat al-wahmiyah. 91

Qaurniyah. 91

al-qaul al-jazim. 92

al-quwa al-nafsaniyah. 92

al-Qiyas 92

qiyas 92

al-qiyas al-istithna’i 92

al-qiyas al-’idmari 93

al-qiyas al-iqtirani 93

al-qiyas al-’iqna‘i 93

al-qiyas al-’ijazi 93

al-qiyas al-jadali 93

al-qiyas al-jali 93

al-qiyas al-hamli 93

al-qiyas al-khitabi 93

al-qiyas al-khafi 93

al-qiyas al-khulf 94

qiyas al-daur 94

qiyas dhu’l-jihatain. 94

al-qiyas al-sufista’i 94

al-qiyas al-sharti al-muttasil 94

al-qiyas al-sharti al-munfasil 95

al-qiyas al-shar‘i 95

al-qiyas al-shi‘ri 95

al-qiyas al-damir 95

al-qiyas al-kamil 95

al-qiyas al-murakkab. 95

al-qiyas al-musawat 95

al-qiyas al-musalsal 96

al-qiyas al-muqassam. 96

al-qiyas al-mujiz 96

Kaaf 97

kubra 97

Kitab al-Ustuqussat 97

Kitab al-Huruf 97

Kitab al-Khair al-Mahd. 97

Karusfus 97

Kisnufans 97

Kalbiyah. 97

kalimah. 98

al-kulyat al-khamsah. 98

kamm. 98

al-kamm al-muttasil 98

al-kamm al-munfasil 98

al-kawakib al-thabitah. 98

al-kawakib al-sufliyah. 99

al-kawakib al-sayyarah. 99

al-kawakib al-‘ulwiyah. 99

kaif 99

al-kaifiyat al-isti‘dadiyah. 99

al-kaifiyat al-uwal 99

al-kaifiyat al-mahsusah. 100

kaifiyat mukhtassah bi’l-kammiyat 100

al-kaifiyat al-nafsaniyah. 100

Lam. 101

la ’adriyah. 101

la yasduru shai’-un ‘an la shai’-in. 101

lafz 101

al-alfaz al-khamsah. 101

al-lafz al-hasir 101

al-lafz al-mushtarak. 101

lazim. 101

lima 101

lams 102

lahu. 102

lauh al-taqabul 102

Mim. 103

ma 103

al-maddat al-ula 103

mani‘at al-jam‘ 103

mani‘at al-khuluww. 103

mahiyah. 103

al-mubadi al-Tabi‘iyah. 103

al-mubadi al-‘aliyah. 104

mubasharah (pl. mubasharat) 104

mutarakamah. 104

mutadhaddatan. 104

mutadhayifan. 104

muta‘alliqat al-qiyas wa’l-burhan. 104

mutaqabilan. 104

al-mutaqabilan bi’l-’ijab wa’l-salb. 104

al-mutaqabilan bi’l-‘adm wa’l-milkah. 104

mutawatirat 105

mata 105

al-muthul al-Aflatuniyah. 105

mujanasah. 105

mujarrabat 105

al-Majisti 105

mahsusat 105

Muhaalah. 105

Maurah. 105

Madlul 106

al-Muhaqqiq. 106

muhkam bihi 106

muhkum lahu. 106

mahkum. 106

mahkum bihi 106

mahkum ‘alaihi 106

mahmul 106

mukhalafah lili-hawadith. 106

mukhayyalat 107

al-mudrikat al-batinah. 107

al-Madkhal 107

Marqiyun. 107

Marikh. 107

musawah. 107

mustathnah. 107

musallamat 107

musawwarah. 107

al-Mashsha’iyun. 108

mushabahah. 108

mushaghabah. 108

mushakalah. 108

Mushtari 108

mashhurat 108

musadarah. 108

al-musadarah ‘ala’l-matlub al-awwal 108

Matatafusiqi 109

maznunat 109

mu‘amalah. 109

al-ma‘ani al-ula 109

al-ma‘ani al-thani 109

ma‘dul 109

ma‘dulah. 109

ma‘dulat al-tarafain. 110

ma‘dulat al-mahmul 110

ma‘dul minhu. 110

ma‘dulat al-maudu‘ 110

marhalah. 110

martabah. 110

murajjih. 110

maslak. 110

musawaqah. 110

mudaf 110

musabaqah. 110

mu‘iddat 110

al-ma‘qulat al-ula 110

maqam. 110

m‘akus 110

ma‘kus minhu. 111

al-mu‘allim al-awwal 111

al-mu‘allim al-thalith. 111

al-mu‘allim al-thani 111

mughalatah (pl. mughalatat) 111

mughalatat al-’ibham. 111

mughalatat al-as’ilat al-muta’addadah. 111

mughalatah ishtirak al-hadd al-asghar 112

mughalatah ishtirak al-hadd al-akbar 112

mughalatah ishtirak al-hadd al-ausat 112

mughalatah ishtirak al-lafzi 112

mughalatat al-’atraf al-’arba‘ah. 112

mughalatat al-takid. 112

mughalatah tarkib al-mufaal 113

mughalatah tafsil al-murakkab. 113

mughalatah al-dalil al-murafa‘ah ila’l-shakhs 113

mughalatah raf‘ al-muqaddam. 113

mughalatah su ’i‘tibar al-haml 113

mughalatah ‘adm al-luzum bi’l-tab‘ 113

al-mughalatat al-lafziyah. 113

mughalatat al-natijah ghair al-muta‘alliqah. 114

mughalatah wad‘ al-tali 114

mughalatah wad‘ ma laisa bi‘illat-in ‘illat-an. 114

al-Maghalih. 114

mufariqat 114

al-muqabil fi kull-i shai’-in la shai’-an. 114

muqati‘ 114

maqbulat 115

muqaddam. 115

al-muqaddamat al-uwal 115

muqaddamah. 115

al-muqaddamat al-hamliyah. 115

al-muqaddamat al-shartiyah. 115

al-muqaddamat al-sughra 115

al-muqaddamat al-kubra 115

al-maqulat al-‘ashr 115

mukashafah. 116

milk. 116

malakah. 116

mumathalah. 116

al-mumtani‘ al-wujud. 116

al-mumkin al-wujud. 117

Manzil 117

munasabah. 117

Manala’us 117

muntij 117

mintaqat al-buruj 117

mun‘akis 117

muhmalah. 117

muwazanah. 118

al-Mawadi‘ al-Jadaliyah. 118

al-mujibat al-juz’iyah. 118

al-mujibat al-kulliyah. 118

maudu‘ 118

muwalladah (pl. muwalladat) 118

Nun. 119

natijah. 119

al-natijah ghair al-muta‘alliqah. 119

al-natijah ma yuram. 119

nahw. 119

al-nisbat al-hukmiyah. 119

nusbah. 119

nizam. 119

al-nafs al-ammarah. 119

al-nafs al-insaniyah. 119

al-nafs al-hayawaniyah. 119

al-nafs al-falakiyah. 120

al-nafs al-kulliyah. 120

al-nafs al-lawwamah. 120

al-nafs al-mutma’innah. 120

al-nafs al-nabatiyah. 120

nuqlah. 120

naqidan. 120

naqid al-tali 121

naqid al-muqaddam. 121

numuww. 121

al-Nawamis 121

nau‘ (pl. anwa‘) 121

nau‘ al-’anwa‘ 121

Waw. 122

al-wajib al-wujud. 122

al-wahid bi’l-ittisal 122

al-wahid bi’l-irtibat 122

al-wahid al-haqiqi 122

al-wahid al-majazi 122

wa'id. 122

wahib al-suwar 122

wajdaniyat 122

wad‘ 123

wad‘ al-tali 123

wad‘ ma laisa bi ‘illat-in ‘illat-an. 123

wad‘ al-muqaddam. 123

wahm. 123

wahmiyat 123

wujud. 123

Hah. 125

hubut 125

hal 125

al-halliyat al-basitah. 125

al-halliyat al-murakkabah. 125

huwa huwa 125

hayula 125

Yah. 126

yaqiniyat 126

yanfa‘il 126

Introduction:

This dictionary is an aid to the readers of Muslim philosophical works that are in Arabic. It includes most of the terminology that was developed by Muslim philosophers in their works and the terms that they borrowed -and sometimes translated- from Greek (Hellenistic), Syraic, Persian and Indian philosophical works. Also included are concepts that are Islamic but of a philosophical nature and were used by Muslim philosophers.

The dictionary also includes the Arabized names of the philosophers and scientist of Greek, Roman, Byzantine, Persian and Indian Origin -namely those that worked with Helenistic and Indo-Persian works of science, mathematics and philosophy.

At times it only includes the names of the non-Muslim scholars and little else, as very little is known about them. Also the Greek schools of thoughts are included and briefly defined. There are philosophers and ideas that were erroneously attributed by the philosophers who worked in Arabic -Muslim and non-Muslim- and that is brought to light. An example of this is some the works of Poltinus was attributed to Aristotle.

This dictionary is based on the work by Prof. M. Saeed Sheikh "Dictionary of Muslim Philosophy" published by the Institute of Islamic Culture -of Lahore, Pakistan- first published in 1970. For the web it has been updated with corrections and additions as needed as there was some missing terms that were alluded to in the text but are missing. Professor Alparslan Acikgenc of Fatih University, Turkey,  a user of this dictionary of many years, has kindly provided us with many additional terms and they are marked as such with (AnAc).

Disclaimer:

Pure Arabic or strictly Fiqhi (including Islamic concepts) and Sufi terminology are NOT included in this dictionary. Also if you are looking for Arabic Names - male or female- this is not the place for it.

A Dictionary of Muslim Philosophy

PREFACE

In this short work, the first of its kind in the English language, an attempt has been made to give reliable definitions and clear explanations of the major terms used by the medieval Muslim philosophers in logic, metaphysics, psychology and other allied disciplines.

Among the many works consulted in the compilation of this dictionary are the Ta‘rifat by ‘Ali ibn Muhammad al-Jurjani, Mafatih al-‘Ulum by Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Khwarizmi, Lexique de la Langue philosophique d’ Ibn Sina by A. M. Goichon and Imam al-Ghazali’s Maqasid al-Falasifah. For fuller explanation of certain terms the monumental Kashf ‘Istilahat al-Funun has been resorted to, while quite a few terms have been culled from Sayyid Ja‘far Sajjadi’s Mustalihat Falsafi Sadr al-Din Shirazi. Nicholas Rescher’s Studies in the History of Arabic Logic has been helpful in the selection and elucidation of a number of logical terms.

To the important terms selected have been added some variants of Arabicised Greek names and titles which though commonly found in such source books as Ibn al-Nadim’s al-Fihrist, alQifti’s Tarikh al-Hukama’, Ibn abi ‘Usaibi‘ah’s ‘Uyun al-’Anba’ fi Tabaqat al-’Atibba’, are yet likely to be unfamiliar to the modern reader.

All terms given in Arabic script with transliteration in English have been arranged alphabetically except for the definite article "al" which has been disregarded in the listing of both the single words and the compounds. Where the technical meaning of a term differs widely from its literal meaning, the latter has also been given.

I feel deeply indebted to a large number of learned authors, both Oriental and Occidental, whose valuable works have been of great help to me in compiling this dictionary; the present work, however, is not a mere translation of what has been written on Muslim philosophy or its terminology in Arabic, or Persian, or German, or French. An effort has been made all along to strike a balance between the ipsessima verba of the classical texts consulted and the diction and idiom of modern philosophical thought to make the definitions and explanations of terms as easily and clearly communicable to the Western and West-oriented reader as is possible consistently with accuracy; this, however, could be attempted only by making a free use of cross-references:

This dictionary, it is hoped, will be of use not only to the students of Muslim philosophy, for whom it has been primarily designed, but will also be of interest to scholars of Islamics and philosophy generally. It is further expected to be of some help to the increasing number of scholars who are engaged in forging a new philosophical vocabulary in Arabic, Persian, or Urdu in alignment with the great Muslim intellectual heritage.

I wish to place on record my deep sense of indebtedness to my teacher, the late Professor M. M. Sharif, who urged me to work on this deplorably neglected field, helped me to prepare the original plan and remained my

guide and constant source of inspiration, so long as he lived, in its execution in detail. May his soul rest in peace !

To Dr S. M. Ikram, the present Director of the Institute of Islamic Culture, Lahore, I owe a special debt of gratitude-without his personal interest, encouragement and patience this work would not have seen the light of the day.

I remember with gratefulness the help given me in understanding some passages of highly technical Arabic texts by Maulana M. Hanif Nadawi, an Arabist par excellence.

I am equally indebted to Mr. M. Ashraf Darr for the very special care with which he went through the manuscript and the closest attention with which he read the rather difficult proofs.

Needless to add that for imperfections and shortcomings which still remain I alone am responsible. Suggestions for improvement will be gratefully acknowledged.

Lahore

M.S.S.

23 June 1970

Fine print: A Dictionary of Muslim Philosophy is copyright of the Institute of Islamic Culture, 1970. First Impression, 1970: 1100 copies. Printed by: Muhammad Zarreen Khan at Zarreen Art Press, 61 Railway Road, Lahore. Published by: M. Munir Sheikh for the Institute of Islamic Culture, Club Road, Lahore-3

Postscript for the HTML version:

I would like to state here for the record that this work is presented here with the sole purpose of fair educational use policy. It is not meant as a copyright infringement. I am not making any money on this venture and merely placing it here for educational use only. If anyone out there is making money on this and the blood, sweat and tears of others shame on you. Stop it immediately, acknowledge your error, give all the earning to charity, and seek forgiveness, and do not do it again.

The nature of the dictionary is that it is extensively self referential and it just lends it self so much more in a hypertext format. Further I have added some terms that I think were lacking in published original.  Also there are mistakes that were corrected from the printed version. I have pointed that out. There are terms referenced but not included. They are logic terms which I could not find in other dictionaries that were available to me at the time htmlizing.

That leaves the problem of transliteration and the Arabic script. I have included an additional page which has all the terms in Arabic. Each term has been cross-referenced to the definition. The original transliteration scheme did not translate well into html. If I do solve this problem I will update the website accordingly. If anyone knows how to do this well do let me know as I am open to ideas.

I am considering placing the rtf/word 97 files and if anyone finds that this idea is appealing let me know in order that it can be realized. Now that the dictionary has grown I think this option is not one that is useful as the

current word file is in need of a major update just to match what is on the web.

With that said I hope you enjoy your foray into Islamic Philosophy.

Muhammad Hozien

27 February 2001

Post Postscript:

Now it has been 4 years since I have placed this dictionary online. A lot of changes have been happened on the web side of things. New versions of the Microsoft office have come on the scene and embraced the www in a big way. At any rate the new programs allow the inclusion of Arabic interlaced with the English. Also I have been alerted to the existence of many fonts that do the full range of transliteration. Currently for this project I am using Georgia Ref font. This comes with some of Microsoft products and the font is available online for those that do not have it. See here: (font) Actually you need to this font to read the transliteration correctly. I have since added new entries to the dictionary that were not part of the original print edition. Also I found some minor errors that were corrected. I have retained many of the British spellings for now. I have developed this knee jerk reaction to spell checkers with their wiggly lines under the misspelled words and since I work in a non-British environment most of the words are always underlined.

At any rate the word files are now hopelessly outdated and I will not be releasing them, they are lost in some dark recess of my hard drive. So all the updating will be done live on the net. Currently, I am adding the Arabic in the text as well as the transliteration. Next is to re-organize the entries correctly according to the Arabic alphabet. Also to include English language index. Also I will attempt to bring the Latin and Greek of some of the terms as are available. The source of the Latin is the Ibrahim Makdour's edition of Ibn Sina's  illhyat of the Shifa. The Greek is from Max Meyerhof's article: An Arabic Compendium of Medico-Philosophical Definitions, ISIS, vol. 10. No. 2 (June 1928), 340-349.

25th February, 2005