Alhassanain(p) Network for Heritage and Islamic Thought

Notes:

1. Some of these philosophical problems given a new solution by Mulla Sadra are as follows:

a: the unity of the intellect and what is intellected, that is important in the subject of "knowledge".

b: contingency and necessity c: substantial movement d: causality that is in the existence of beings and the relation between cause and caused e: matter and the form and their unity f: individuality g: mental existence h: grades of existence i: copulative existence j: The duality of mind and body 2. See Mulla SadraAl-Asfar pp. 23-27 , 68-69; and Al-Shavahid al-Robubiyyat pp. 7,8; and AlMasha'ir pp13-19; See also Sabzavari Mulla hadi Sharh al-Manzumat fi al-Hikmat in its translation by Mohaghegh Mehdi and Izutsu Toshihiko, The Metaphysics of Sabzavari p.31.

3. Mulla Sadra Al-Masha'ir, p.12.

4. Mulla Sadra Al-Shavahid al Robubiyyat, p.7-8.

5. Ibid., pp.14-17, M.H. Tabatabaii Bedayat al Hikmat p.13 , Osoole Falsafeh wa Raveshe Realism (The Principles of Philosophy and Method of Realism) p.29 with its footnotes of Motahhari.

6. M.H. Tabatabaii Bedayat al-Hikmat, p.13

7. Ibid., p.11

8. More about this subject can be found in: Mulla Sadra Al-Asfar p. 38, he has a long chapter with a detailed explanation and demonstrations in Al-Masha'ir pp. 28-68, and has seven arguments for fundamental reality of existence in this book. See also Tabatabaii Bedayat al-Hikmat p. 14-16 and Nihayat al-Hikmat, p. 21-48 and Osooli Falsafeh wa Ravishi Realism and its footnotes, p. 29-39.

9. Some of these philosophers are: Shihab al-Din Suhrawardi (Shaykh al-Ishragh), Mir Muhammad Baqir Damad, Mulla Mohsen Feyz Kashani, Mulla Abd al-Razzagh Lahiji, Sheykh Rajab'ali Tabrizi, Ghazi Sa'eed Ghomi and Fayyaz Lahijani.

10. You can find some of these arguments in: Ghazi Sa'eed Ghomi, Kelide Behesht (The Key of Paradise), p.54; Mir Damad, Ghabasat, p. 26; Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi, Hekmat al-Eshragh; and Hayakil al-Noor.

11. You can find that distinction (between two parts propositions and three parts propositions) and the illuminative philosophers’ objection against fundamental reality of existence and Mulla Sadra and his disciples’ answers in these books: Mulla Sadra Asfar I p.40-47, Al-Mashaiir p.135-138, Tabatabaii Bedayat al-Hikmat p.20-21

12. See Mulla SadraAl-Asfar , pp. 36-37, and Tabatabaii Bedayat al-Hikmat, pp.16-20; Nihayat alHikmat pp.48-58, Osoole Falsafeh wa Ravishi Realism III, pp.42-54 with its notes written by M.

Motahhari; and M. Mohaghghegh T. Izutsu, The Metaphysics of Sabzavari, p. 39.

13. See Mulla Sadra Al-Asfar , pp.78-82; and Tabatabaii, Bedayat al-Hikmat pp. 43-45, and Nihayat al-Hikmat, pp. 69-79.

14.This section has been written according to the views of Mulla Sadra, but is not just his difficult words. His views have been simplified and has made compatible with new philosophical terminology. I use, in this section, Mesbahi Yazdi's writings in his book Amoozeshi Falsafeh (Teaching Philosophy) for this simplification. See Mesbahi Yazdi, Amoozeshi Falsafeh II, pp. 16-79

15. Mesbahi Yazdi Amoozeshi Falsafeh II, pp. 46,47,29.

16. The term 'povertily possibility' is the translation of 'Imkan Faghri' for which I cannot find a better translation; Faghr means poverty and faghri means 'what is ascribed to poverty' and it is a kind of possibility that something has because of its poverty in existence.

17. Mulla Sadra Asfar I, PP. 157, 158; and M.H. Tabatabai, Osoole Falsafeh wa Raveshe Realism (The Principles of Philosophy and Method of Realism), pp. 82-86 with its footnotes of Motahhari.