Man and Universe

This book is corrected and edited by Al-Hassanain (p) Institue for Islamic Heritage and Thought

Author: Ayatullah Murtadha Mutahhari
Publisher: Islamic Seminary Publications
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Part 1: Man and Faith
Chapter 1: Man and Animals
Awareness and Desire in Animals
Awareness and Desire in Man
Basis of the Distinction of Man
Is Humanity a Superstructure?
Notes
Chapter 2: Knowledge and Faith
Relation Between Knowledge and Faith
Can Knowledge and Faith Take the Place of Each Other?
Notes
Chapter 3: Religious Faith
Distinctions of Religious Faith
Effects and Advantages of Faith
I. Happiness and Delight
(i) Effort
II. Role of Faith in the Improvement Of Social Relations
III. Reduction of Worries
Chapter 4: School of Thought or Ideology
Definition and Necessity of Ideology
Kinds of Ideologies
In other words, is it absolute or relative?
Notes
Chapter 5: Islam - A Comprehensive School
Causes of Wrong Thinking
I. Reliance on Conjecture Instead of Sure Knowledge
II. Bias and Base Desires
III. Haste
IV. Traditional Thinking and Looking to the Past
V- Cult of Personality
Chapter 6: Sources of Thoughts In Islam
I. Nature
II. History
III. Human Conscience
Note
Part 2: Monotheistic Conception of the World
Chapter 7: Conception of the Universe
Conception of the World and Perception of the World
Varieties of World Conception
Scientific Conception of the World
Philosophical Conception of the World
Religious Conception of the World
How to Judge an Ideology?
Monotheistic Conception of the World
Islamic Conception of the World
Chapter 8: Realistic Conception of the World
Allah is Absolute Reality and Source of Life
Integral Characteristics of the World
(i) Limitation
(ii) Change
(iii) Attachment
(iv) Dependence
(v) Relativeness
Attributes of Allah
Monotheism
Worship and Adoration
Definition of Worship
Spirit of Adoration and Worship
Chapter 11: Degrees of Monotheism
I. Unity of the Essence of Allah
II. Unity of the Attributes of Allah
III. Unity of the Work of Allah
IV. Unity in Worship
Note
Chapter 10: Man and Unification
I. Materialistic Theory
II. Idealistic Theory
III. Realistic Theory
Chapter 11: Degrees of Polytheism
I. Belief in the Plurality of Divine Essence
II. Plurality of Creatorship
III. Plurality of Divine Attributes
IV. Plurality of Worship
Boundary Between Monotheism and Polytheism
Unity and Singleness of the World
Visible and Invisible
This World and the Next World
Chapter 12: Profound Wisdom and Divine Justice
(i) Principle of the self-Existence and Perfection of Allah
(ii) Principle of Sequence
(iii) Principle of Generality
History of the Principle of Justice in Islamic Culture
Part 3: Revelation and Prophethood
Chapter 13: Revelation and Prophethood
Universal Guidance
Characteristics of Prophets
(i) Miracles
(ii) Infallibility
Immunity from Sins
Difference Between Prophets and Geniuses
(iii) Guidance
(iv) Sincerity of Purpose
(v) Constructiveness
(vi) Struggle and Conflict
(vii) Human Aspect
(viii) Prophets Having A Divine Legal Code
Chapter 14: Historical Role of the Prophet
(i) Education
(ii) Affirmation of Agreements and Covenants
(iii) Emancipation from Social Bondage
Chapter 15: The Object of Prophethood
Chapter 16: Religion or Religions
Chapter 17: Finality of Prophethood
Reasons of the Renewal of Prophethood
Miracles of the Final Prophet
Note
Chapter 18: Miracle of Finality
Is this occurrence not a supernatural event and a miracle?
Value and Effect of a Miracle
Value of a Miracle From the Viewpoint of the Qur'an
Nature of the Holy Prophet's Guidance
Chapter 19: The Holy Qur'an
Great Interest of Muslims in the Holy Qur'an
Inimitability of the Holy Qur'an
Various Aspects of the Inimitability of the Holy Qur'an
Wording of the Holy Qur'an
Contents of the Holy Qur'an
Vastness of Meanings
Allah in the Holy Qur’an
Man's Relation with Allah
Qur’an, Tawrat and Injil
Historical Stories
The Holy Qur'an and Predictions
Chapter 20: Distinguishing Features of Islam
1. The Methods of Knowing
(i) Is it possible to identify the truth?
(ii) What are the Sources of Knowledge?
(iii) What are the means of Acquiring Knowledge?
(iv) Subjects of Knowledge
2. Conception of the World
Ideological Aspect
Chapter 21: The Holy Prophet
His Childhood
Abhorrence of Idleness and Lethargy
Honesty
Combat with Tyranny
Family Behavior
Treatment of Slaves
Cleanliness and Use of Perfume
Social Behavior
Soft as well as Tough
Worship
Austerity and Simple Living
Resolution and Perseverance
Leadership, Administration and Consultation
Regularity and Orderliness
Capacity to Listen to Criticism and Dislike of Flattery and Undue Compliments
Fight Against Weak Points
Possession of the Necessary Qualities of Leadership
Method of Preaching
Encouragement of Knowledge
Part 4: Man and the Holy Qur'an
Chapter 22: Man and the Holy Qur'an
Merits of Man
Demerits of Man
Is Man By Nature Good or Bad?
Multi-dimensional Being
Diverse Powers of Man
Self-Consciousness
Promotion of Talents
Development of Body
Development of Soul
Man's Effective Role in Building His Future
(i) Extensiveness of the range of his information
(ii) Extensiveness of the range of his desires
(iii) Man has a special self-making ability
Man's Will and Range of His Freedom
(i) Heredity
(ii) Natural and Geographical Environment
(iii) Social Atmosphere
(iv) History and Time Factors
Man's Revolt Against Limitations
Man and Divine Fate
Man and Obligations
(i) Puberty
(ii) Sanity
(iii) Knowledge and Awareness
(iv) Ability and Power
(v) Power of Choice and free-Will
Conditions of Validity
Chapter 23: Human Knowledge
I. Innate Self-Consciousness
II. Philosophical Self-consciousness
III. Universal Self-consciousness
IV. Class Self-consciousness
V. National Self-consciousness
VI. Human Self-consciousness
VII. Mystic Self-Consciousness
VIII. Prophetic Self-Consciousness
Note
Part 5: Society and History
Society and History
Introduction
What is Society?
Is Man Social By Nature?
Is the Existence of Society Real and Substantial?
Society and Tradition
Compulsion or Volition
Note
Chapter 25: Social Classification
Singleness or Multiplicity of Societies
Future of Societies
Chapter 26: What is History?
Scientific History
I. Reliability or Unreliability of Transmitted History
II. Principle of Causation
III. Is History Materialistic in Nature?
Basic Principles of Historical Materialism
I. Priority of Matter over Spirit
II. Precedence of Material Needs to Spiritual Needs
III. Precedence of Action to Thought
IV. Precedence of Social Existence of Man to His Individual Existence
V. Precedence of Material Aspect of Society to Its Intellectual Aspect
Conclusions
Criticism and Comments of Historical Materialism
i) Baselessness
(ii) Revision of Views by Its Founders
(iii) Demolition of the Principle of Compulsory Harmony Between Infrastructure and Superstructure
(iv) Nonconformity of the Basis of Class Ideology
(v) Independence of Cultural Development
(vi) Historical Materialism Is Self-contradictory
Note
Chapter 27: Islam and Historical Materialism
Comments
Notes
Chapter 28: Islamic Philosophy of History
I. Strategy of Mission
II. An Ideology's Nomenclature
III. Favourable and Unfavourable Conditions for Acceptability
(i) Justice and Injustice
(ii) Unity And Discord
(iii) Observance or Disregard of Allah's Command About Exhorting to What is Good and Restraining from What is Evil
(iv) Moral Depravity and Licentiousness
Notes
Chapter 29: Evolution and Change in History
I. The Racial Theory
II. The Geographical Theory
III. Theory of Intellectual Giants
IV. The Economic Theory
V. The Divine Theory
The Role of Personality in History
Notes
Part 6: Imamat and Khilafat
Chapter 30:Imamat and Khilafat
Leadership
Imamat and Dialectic Logic
An Extract From Notes
Leadership and Protection of Faith
Notes
Chapter 31: Imamat - Leadership
Difference Between Guidance and Leadership
Imamat of the Holy Imams and the Tradition of Thaqalayn
Imamat and Hadith of Thaqalayn
Notes
Chapter 32: Significance of Imamat
The Meaning of Imam
Various Aspects of the Holy Prophet
Imamat in the Sense of Leadership of Society
Imamat in the Sense of Religious Authority
Imamat in the Sense of Wilayat
A Tradition about Imamat
Imamat in the Holy Qur'an
Chapter 33: Imamat and Expounding of Religion
Government is a Branch of Imamat
Imam is the Successor of the Holy Prophet in Expounding of Religion
The Tradition of Thaqalayn
Prohibition of Recording of Traditions
Use of Analogy
Analogy From the Shi'ah Point of View
No Question of Election in the Presence of an Infallible Imam
Question of Spiritual Wilayat
Importance of the Tradition of Thaqalayn
The Tradition of Ghadir
Note
Chapter 34: Scholastic Study of Imamat
Definition of Imamat
Rational Argument of the Shi'ah
Imam Means An Expert in Religious Matters
Infallibility
Divine Designation
Prophetic Texts Relating to Imamat of Imam Ali
The Event of the Day of Warning
Meeting of the Head of a Tribe With the Holy Prophet
The Tradition of Ghadir and Its Continuity
Question and Answer
Notes
Chapter 35: Imamat and the Verse regarding Despair of Unbelievers
Difference Between Perfection and Completion
Which Day Is Meant By This Day?
(i) The Day the Holy Prophet was Raised
(ii) The Day of the Conquest of Makkah
(iii) Recitation of Surah al-Baraat by Imam Ali
Shi'ah Explanation
(iv) Internal Evidence Existing In the Verse
Specific (Mohkamat) and Ambiguous (Mutashabihat) Verse
Question and Answer
Notes
Chapter 36: Imamat in the Qur’an
Special Position of the Verses Relating to the Prophet's Progeny
The Verse of Tathir (Purification)
Reason
Historical Evidence
What The Gnostics Say?
The Concept of Imamat
Imam In Prophet Ibrahim's Progeny
Prophet Ibrahim's Trials - Command to Migrate to Hijaz
Command to Slaughter His Son
Imamat Is A Divine Covenant
Who is a Wrongdoer?
Questions and Answers
Notes
Chapter 37: Imamat from the Viewpoint of the Imams
What Kind of a Being is Man?
First Man in the Qur’an
Zayd ibn Ali and Imamat
Questions and Answers
Note
Chapter 38: Notes on Leadership and Management
Style of Leadership
Notes On Leadership In Islam
Leadership and Management
Imamat of Imams
Notes
Part 7: Eternal Life
Life of the Next World
Source of Belief in the Life of the Next World
Nature of Death
After Death
Barzakh or Purgatory
Resurrection
Relation Between This Life and the Next
Embodiment and Eternity of Human Deeds
Traditions (Ahadith)
Common and Uncommon Points of This Life and the Next
Arguments of the Qur’an

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Part 3: Revelation and Prophethood

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