1126 Ibn Rushd born in Córdoba; Adelard of Bath translates Al-Khwarizmi’s ninth-century Astronomical Tables.
1137 Geoffrey of Monmouth writes History of the Kings of Britain, a source for King Arthur, Merlin, Lear, Cymbeline, etc.
1140 St. Gotthard Pass opens as a commercial route through the Alps.
1141 Peter of Toledo translates al-Kindi’s Risalah, an account of Islam.
1143 Robert of Chester and Hermann the Dalmatian translate the Qur’an into Latin.
1144 Robert of Chester translates Jabir ibn Hayyan’s ninth-century work on alchemy; the following year he translates al-Khwarizmi’s Algebra, written in 850.
1145 Construction of Friday Mosque in Isfahan begins.
1146 St. Bernard proclaims the Second Crusade.
1148 Almohads enter al-Andalus; Second Crusade ends.
1150 Construction of cathedrals in Angers, Le Mans, Lisbon, Pécs and Stavanger begins.
1153 Ibn Rushd travels to Marrakech and begins work on astronomy.
1154 Al-Idrisi’s planisphere and Roger’s Book, written for Roger II of Sicily, completed.
1157 Munich founded; University of Bologna founded.
1162 Ibn Rushd completes Compendium of Medical Knowledge (Kitab al-Kulliyat fil-Tibb).
1168 Toltec Empire destroyed by Aztecs and others.
1169 Ibn Rushd appointed qadi in Seville.
1170–1175 Ibn Rushdwrites major works on Aristotle.
1172 Construction of Great Mosque begins in Seville.
1173–1174 Saladin conquers Damascus.
1178 Ibn Rushd in Marrakech writes On the Nature of the Universe.
1179 Hildegarde of Bingen completes Physica.
1180 Ibn Rushd appointed qadi in Córdoba.
1184 Ibn Rushd completes Incoherence of the Incoherent Philosophy of al-Ghazali; construction of Giralda begins in Seville.
1187 Saladin conquers Jerusalem; death of Gerard of Cremona, who with others translated more than 70 Greek and Arabic scientific works into Latin.
1189 Third Crusade proclaimed.
1190 Ibn Rushd completes his commentaries on Aristotle’s Metaphysics and On the Soul.
1191 Ibn Rushd finishes Commentary on Plato’s Republic.
1193 Richard the Lionhearted defeats Saladin.
1195–1197 Almohad authorities banish Ibn Rushd, burn his books.
1198 Ibn Rushd dies in Marrakech.
(Source: Doctor, philosopher, and Renaissance man; Caroline Stone; Saudi Aramco World)