History Of The Caliphs

History Of The Caliphs Author: Rasul Ja'farian
Translator: Ali Ebrahimi
Publisher: Ansariyan Publications – Qum
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ISBN: 964-438-457-1
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TRANSLATOR’S NOTE
CHAPTER I: ABU BAKR’S CALIPHATE
Saqifa
Caliphate After the Prophet (s)
The Issue of Apostasy
Abu Bakr’s Agents
Conquest of Damascus
Conquest of Iraq
CHAPTER II:‘UMAR’S CALIPHATE
About Caliph II
the Caliph’s Character
‘Umar’s Functionaries
Thoughts of the Second Caliph
‘Umar’s Murder
Continued Conquests in Damascus and Egypt
Continued Conquests in Iraq and the Conquest of Iran
About Iran’s Conquest
CHAPTER III: ‘UTHMAN’S CALIPHATE
Caliphate Council and ‘Uthman’s Election
‘Uthman’s Caliphate
Reasons of Anti-’Uthman Rebellion
‘Uthman’s Opponents
‘Uthman’s Contact with Dissenters
‘Uthman and Mu‘awiya
Imam ‘Ali (a) and ‘Uthman
Assassination of ‘Uthman
Ongoing Victories
Effects of Victories and Islamic Community
CHAPTER IV: IMAM ‘ALI’S IMAMATE
Imam ‘Ali alongside the Prophet
Imam ‘Ali and Caliphs
Shi‘ism During Imam’s caliphate
People’s Allegiance to ‘Ali (a)
Qa‘idin and No Congregation Formation
Imam’s Problems
Reformation, Imam’s Fundamental Policy
Imam in the Face of Infidels (Djamal War)
Imam Stays in Kufa
War with Oppressively perverse People in SiffIn
War with Extremist Kharidjites
The Kharidjites, Formation and Characteristics
Invasions of Damascus Army
Imam ‘Ali’s Martyrdom
Imam ‘Ali’s Life
CHAPTER V: IMAM HASAN’S IMAMATE
Acquaintance with the Kufiyans
Imam Hasan’s Character
Imam Mudjtaba and Imamate
First Actions of Imam and Mu‘awiya
Mu‘awiya and Request for Compromise
Why the Compromise Was Accepted
Imam Husayn (a) and Compromise
Peace Pact
Imam Mudjtaba’s Character
Imam Hasan’s Martydom
CHAPTER VI: MU‘AWIYA’S MONARCHY
Mu‘awiya, the Founder of the Umayyad Monarchy
Shi‘ite Muslims in Mu‘awiya’s time
The Suppression of Hudjr Ibn ‘Adi’s Shi‘ite Movement
Repercussions of Hudjr’s Martyrdom
Conquests in Mu‘awiya’s time
The Kharidjites in Mu‘awiya’s time
Mu‘awiya’s Endeavor for Hereditary Caliphate
CHAPTER VII: KARBALA MOVEMENT
Imam Husayn’s Opposition to Yazid’s Caliphate
Dispatching Muslim to Kufa
Imam’s Movement Towards Iraq
The People of Kufa and Karbala Event
Kufa Under the Pressure of Ibn Ziyad
Assessing the Travel to Iraq
Imam Versus Iraqi Army
The Element of Invisibility in Karbala
The Role of Religious Deviations in Karbala Event
Political Impacts of the Event of Karbala on Shi‘ism
CHAPTER VIII: TRANSFER OF CALIPHATE TO THE MARWANIDS
Dispute Between Hidjaz and Damascus
The Battle of Harra Waqim
The Penitents’ Movement in 65 A.H
Here Some Points Merit Attention as Regards to the penitents
Mukhtar’s Uprising (66, 67 A.H.)
CHAPTER IX: IMAM SAJJAD (A)
Imam Sadjdjad(a)
Imam Sadjdjad and Shi‘ite Muslims
Imam’s Encounter with the Umayyads
Imam Sadjdjad’s Profiting from Du‘a (Prayer)
Imam Sadjdjad and Slaves
CHAPTER X: THE MARWANIDS’ GOVERNMENT
Al Marwan’s Rule
HadjdjAdj in Iraq
‘Abd al-Rahman Ibn Ash‘ath’s Riot
‘Umar Ibn ‘Abd al-‘Aziz’s Administration
Encountering the Shi‘ite Muslims
Encountering the Kharidjites
Standing Against Cruelty and Public Extortion
YazId Ibn ‘Abd al-Malik’s Succession
YazId Ibn Muhallab’s Uprising
HishAm Ibn ‘Abd al-Malik’s Succession
Kharidjites’ Rebellion in time of the Marwanids
The Foundation of the Kharidjites’ Principles
CHAPTER XI: SHI‘ITE MUSLIMS IN THE LAST DECADES OF THE UMAYYAD STATE
The Shi‘ite Muslims Under the Pressure of the Umayyads
Internal Events of Shi‘ite Muslims
Exaggeration and the Exaggerators
Confrontation of Imams with the Exaggerators
Shi‘ism when Giving Superiority to ‘Ali (a)
Zayd Ibn ‘Ali’s Uprising and the Zaydids in Shi‘ism
Zayd Ibn ‘Ali in Kufa
Zayd Ibn ‘Ali’s Clash with the Umayyads’ Forces
Zaydism, Shi‘ism and Zayd Ibn ‘Ali (a)
The Twelve-Imam Shi‘ite Muslims and Zayd
Yahya Ibn Zayd’s Uprising
‘Abd Allah Ibn Mu‘awiya’s Uprising
The Shi‘ite Muslims and the ‘Alawites’ Last Position in the Umayyads’s time
CHAPTER XII: DECLINE OF THE MARWANIDS
Harith Ibn Suraydj in Khurasan
The Murdji‘ites and the Djahmites in Harith’s Uprising
WalId Ibn YazId’s Caliphate and Extreme Corruption of the Umayyads
Yazid Ibn Walid’s Riot
The Impacts of Walid’s Death on the Umayyads and Their Fall
Marwan Ibn Muhammad and the Decline of the Umayyads
Political Views of the Marwanids
Scholars Serve Al Marwan
Circulation of Israelites and the Prevalence of Story-telling
Conquests by the Marwanids Until Late FIRST Century
Oriental Conquests
Occidental Conquests
REFERENCES
NOTES

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