A Commentary on Theistic Arguments

This book is corrected and edited by Al-Hassanain (p) Institue for Islamic Heritage and Thought

Author: Ayatullah Jawadi Amuli
Translator: Hassan Allahyari
Publisher: Ansariyan Publications – Qum
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ISBN: 964-438-362-1
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About the Author
Translator’s Word
Acknowledgements and Dedication
The Author’s Preface
Chapter One: Knowledge and Sophistry
Priority of Ontology over Epistemology
Metaphysical Sources of Knowledge
Open and Latent Skepticism
Incorporeality, Universality, Immutability, and Continuity of Knowledge
Corollaries of Knowledge
Knowledge and Mental Existence
Divisions of Knowledge
Knowledge, Faith, and Theoretical and Practical Reasons
Self-evident and Primary Cognitions
Necessary Truth of Primary Propositions
Difference between Epistemic Certitude and Psychological Certitude
Epistemic Certitude, Probability, and Social Conventions
Foundation of Discursive Propositions on Primary and Self-Evident Propositions
Primariness of the First Figure
The Principle of Non-Contradiction
The Principle of Non-Contradiction and the Validity of the First Figure
The Principle of Non-Contradiction and Multiplicity of Definite Propositions
The Principle of Non-Contradiction in the Traditions
Abu Sa‛eed Abu al-Khayr’s Criticism of the Use of Syllogism
Intuitive Knowledge and its Categories
Soul and the Intuitive Knowledge thereof
Abstraction and Universalization of Causation
Knowledge and Epistemology
Philosophy in its General and Specific Senses
Philosophy and Particular Disciplines
Chapter Two: Faith and Reason
Sophistic Impartations and the Denial of Commensurability of Faith with Reason
The Mutual Existential Necessitation between Faith and Reason in the Islamic Traditions
The Ignorant Devout and the Unlearned Pious
First Knowledge is the Cognition of the Almighty
Disparagement of Acquired Knowledge and Mistrust of Theoretical Disciplines
The Commensurability of Religious Tenets with Philosophic Arguments
Rational Arguments in the Islamic Scriptures
The Legacy of Nahj al-Balāgha to the History of Islamic Thought
Non-questionability of Monotheism and Indemonstrability of Atheism
Difference between the Arguments of Divine Existence and the Arguments of His Attributes
Chapter Three: The Demonstration of Contingency and Necessity
Notions of Contingency and Necessity and Signs of Contingency
Argument from Contingents to the Necessary
Instrumentality of the Mediates and the Efficacy of the Necessary
Hudūth of the Mediates and Eternity of the Divine Grace
Criticisms and Evaluations
Evaluation of Hume’s Criticism
The Denial of Philosophic Meaning of Necessity and its Answer
Evaluation of the Epistemological Criticism
Chapter Four: The Arguments from Motion and Huduth
Premises of the Arguments from Motion and Hudūth
Evaluation of the Argument from Causality
Limitations of the Arguments from Motion and Hudūth
Evaluation of Criticisms of the Arguments from Motion and Hudūth
Chapter Five: The Demonstration of Contingency of Impoverishment
Transition from Quidditative Contingency to Contingency of Impoverishment
Contingency of Impoverishment and the Essential Independence of the Necessary
Unique Qualities of the Demonstration of Contingency of Impoverishment
Chapter Six: The Ontological Argument of Anselm
Argument in the Form of Reductio ad Absurdum
Gaunilo’s Criticism and its Adduction
The Fundamental Flaw of Anselm’s Argument
Failure to Make Distinction between Concept and Extension in the Demonstrations of Gnostics
The Evaluation of Kant’s Tripartite Criticism of Anselm’s Argument
Addendum
Chapter Seven: The Demonstration of the Veracious
The Demonstration of the Veracious in Ibn Sīnā’s Works
The Demonstration of the Veracious in Transcendent Wisdom
The Demonstration of the Veracious in ‛Allāmah Tabātabā’i’s Works
Allamah Tabātabā’i’s Exposition of the Demonstration
The Qualities of the Demonstration of the Veracious
Chapter Eight: The Argument from Design
What is Order?
Does Order Exist?
Why does Order Exist?
The Argument from Design and the Noble Qur’ān
The Argument from Design and the Problem of Evil
Chapter Nine: The Argument from Miracles
Miracles in the View of Islamic Philosophers and Western Theologians
Extraordinary Events: Mu‛jiza, Karāma, I‛āna, and Ihāna
Miracles as Rational Proofs
Rational Possibility and Ordinary Impossibility of Miracles
Chapter Ten: The Argument from Religious Experience
Religious Experience and Demonstrative Reasoning
Definite and Indefinite Shuhūds
Deviation from Rational Cognition and Decline into Open and Latent Skepticism
Chapter Eleven: The Moral Arguments
Discursive Arguments based on Moral Commands
The Common Criticism of the Moral Arguments
The Affirmation of Incorporeal Existence through Analysis of Reason
Kant’s Moral Arguments
The First Criticism of Kant’s Moral Argument
The Second Criticism of Kant’s Moral Argument
Chapter Twelve: The Demonstration of Primordial Nature
Usage of Reciprocity in the Demonstration of Primordial Nature
Two Expositions of the Demonstration of Primordial Nature
The Minor Premise of the Demonstration of Primordial Nature
A Criticism and Its Evaluation
The Demonstration of Primordial Nature in The Noble Qur’ān
Notes

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